module 10
wide area network (WAN)
a network that covers a large geographic area using a variety of wired and wireless transmission media- can be one large network or can consist of multiple LANs connected together - the internet is the world's largest _________.
capping
a practice ISPs use that provides a certain amount of data usage at the optimal speed
RFID (radio frequency identification)
a protocol that defines how a network uses radio signals to communicate with a tag placed in or attached to an object, an animal, or a person
NFC (Near Field Communication)
a protocol, based on RFID, that defines how a network uses close-range radio signals to communicate between two devices or objects equipped with NFC technology
ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode)
a service that carries voice, data, video, and media at very high speeds.
optical fiber
a thin, glass wire that transmits light over long distances
dedicated line
a type of always-on physical connection that is established between two communications devices - can be either analog or digital
T-carrier line
any of several types of long-distance digital phone lines that carry multiple signals over a single communications line - expensive
communication device
any type of hardware capable of transmitting data, instructions, and information between a sending device and a receiving device
peer
each computer of mobile device is called a ____________ in a P2P network and has equal responsibilities and capabilities, sharing hardware, data, or information with other computers and mobile devices on the P2P network.
node
each computer or device on a network - often shares resources such as printers, large hard drives, and programs - often connected via cables
wi-fi
identifies any network based on the 802.11 standard that specifies how two wireless devices communicate over the air with each other
throttling
occurs when a network reduces upload and download speeds of certain high-data users at peak times in order not to tie up network resources for a small pool of users
bluebugging
occurs when cyberthieves exploit Bluetooth devices that have been paired
IP hijacking
occurs when cyberthieves tap into home routers or cable modems or other Internet access point to intercept a paid Internet service.
client/server network
on this type of network, one or more computers act as a server, and the other computers on the network request services from the server.
Mbps (megabits per second) / Gbps (gigabits per second)
one million bits per second / one billion bits per second
how FFTP services work
optical terminal at your location receives the signals and transfers them to a router connected to a computer.
clients
other computers and mobile devices on the network that rely on the server for its resources
transmission media
consists of materials or substances capable of carrying one or more communications signals
twisted-pair cable
consists of one or more twisted-pair wires bundled together
network monitoring software
constantly assesses the status of a network and sends an email or text message, usually to the network administrator, when it detects a problem
server
controls access to the hardware, software, and other resources on the network and provides a centralized storage area for programs, data, and information
network standard
defines guidelines that specify the way computers access the medium to which they are connected, the type(s) of medium used, the speeds used on different types of networks, and the type(s) of physical cable and/or the wireless technology used.
EDI (electronic data interchange)
defines how business documents travel across transmission media
hardware firewall
prevents unauthorized users from accessing files and computers, many routers are protected by a built-in firewall called a ____________.
FTTH (fiber to the home)
provides home users with Internet access via fiber-optic cable
packet switching
technique of breaking a message into individual packets, sending the packets along the best route available, and then reassembling the data
FTTP (Fiber to the Premises)
uses fiber-optic cable to provide extremely high-speed internet access to a user's physical permanent location
peer-to-peer network
(P2P) simple, inexpensive network architecture that typically connects fewer than 10 computers
coaxial cable
(coax) consists of a single copper wire surrounded by at least three layers (insulating, woven, plastic)
transmission media
(needed for successful communication) aka communications channel - media on which the data, instructions, or information travel
receiving device
(needed for successful communication) device that accepts the transmission of data, instructions, or information
sending device
(needed for successful communications) device that initiates an instruction to transmit data, instructions, or information
broadband wireless router
A device that performs the functions of a router, a wireless access point, and a cable or DSL modem.
1. T1 line / 2. fractional T1/ 3. T3 line
1. most popular T-carrier line. used by businesses / 2. home and small business users purchase this - share a connection to the T1 line w/ other users. (slower than T1 line but less expensive.) / 3. equal in speed to 28 T1 lines (quite expensive. large corps, phone comps, ISPs)
dial-up modem
A communications device that converts digital signals to analog signals and analog signals to digital signals, so that data can travel along an analog phone line.
metropolitan area network (MAN)
A high-speed network that connects local area networks in a metropolitan area, such as a city or town, and handles the bulk of communications activity across that region. - typically includes one of more LANs but covers a smaller geographic area than a WAN. - usually managed by a consortium of users or by a single network provider that sells the service to the users
802.11
A series of network standards that specifies how two wireless devices communicate over the air with each other.
Value-added network (VAN)
A third-party business that provides networking services, such as EDI services, secure data and information transfer, storage, or email.
asymmetrical digital subscriber line (ADSL)
A type of DSL that supports faster transmissions when receiving data than when sending data. - ideas for internet access bc most users download more info from internet than they upload.
communications software
Consists of programs and apps that (1) help users establish a connection to another computer, mobile device, or network; (2) manage the transmission of data, instructions, and information; and (3) provide an interface for users to communicate with one another
noise
Electrical disturbance that can degrade communications
cable Internet service
High-speed Internet access provided through the cable television network via a cable modem.
wireless LAN (WLAN)
LAN that uses no physical wires. - may have built-in wireless capability or the appropriate wireless network card...
wireless modem
Modem that uses the cellular radio network to provide Internet connections
home network
Multiple computers and devices connected together by home users.
file sharing network
P2P file sharing - describes a network configuration on which users access one another's hard drives and exchange files directly via a file sharing program
mobile hot spot
Smartphones that can function as a wireless modem when tethered to a personal computer or movile device.
True
T/F P2P networks do not have a common file server and are ideal for very small businesses and home users.
true
T/F TCP/IP has been adopted as the network standard for Internet communications - all hosts on internet follow rules defined in this standard.
True
T/F broadband media transit multiple signals simultaneously
True
T/F networks usually are classified as a local area network, metropolitan area network, wide area network, or personal area network.
True
T/F physical transmission media use wire, cable, and other tangible materials to send communications signals.
True
T/F the ethernet standard defines guidelines for the physical configuration of a network
true
T/F the main difference among the classifications of networks is their area of coverage
true
T/F users often communicate with one another via mobile computers and devices
wireless ethernet
Term sometimes used to refer to Wi-Fi because it uses techniques similar to the Ethernet standard to specify how physically to configure a wireless network.
network architecture
The configuration of computers, devices, and media on a network (client/server or peer-to-peer)
twisted-pair wire
Two separate insulated copper wires that are twisted together.
cable modem
a broadband modem that sends and receives digital data over the CATV network
wireless access point (WAP)
a central communications device that allows computers and devices to transfer data wirelessly among themselves or to a wired network
network
a collection of computers and devices connected together via communications devices and transmission media
router
a communications device that connects multiple computers or other routers together and transmits data to its correct destination on a network
network card (network interface card NIC)
a communications device that enables a computer or device that does not have built-in networking capability to access a network
broadband modem (digital modem)
a communications device that sends and receives data and information to and from a digital line
broadband router
a device that performs the functions of a router and also a broadband modem
wireless router
a device that performs the functions of a router and also a wireless access point
mobile broadband wireless router
a device that performs the functions of a router, a wireless access point, and a wireless modem
hub/switch
a device that provides a central point for cables in a network (larger networks use a hub, smaller networks use a switch)- hub/switch receives data from many directions and then forwards it to one or mmore destinations
Bluetooth
a network protocol that defines how two Bluetooth devices use short-range radio waves to transmit data
LTE (long term evolution)
a network standard that defines how high-speed cellular transmissions use broadcast radio to transmit data for mobile communications
UWB (ultra-wideband)
a network standard that specifies how two UWB devices use short-range radio waves to communicate at high speeds with each other
ethernet
a network standard that specifies no central computer or device on the network (nodes) should control when data can be transmitted
local area network (LAN)
a network that connects computers and devices in a limited geographical area
personal area network (PAN)
a network that connects computers and devices in an individual's workspace using wired and wireless technology - devices include smartphones, digital cameras, printers... - may connect devices through a router using network cables or directly using special USB cables. - can also use bluetooth or wifi.
extranet
allows customers or suppliers to access part of its intranet
EFT (electronic funds transfer)
allows users connected to a network to exchange money from one account to another via transmission media
bandwidth
amount of data, instructions, and information that can travel over transmission media is sometimes called ________________
DSL modem
broadband modem that sends digital data and info from a computer to a DSL line and receives digital data and info from a DSL line
ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network)
broadband modem that sends digital data and info from a computer to an ISDN line and receives digital data and info from an ISDN line. - usually are external devices - one end connects to the phone line and other end connects to a port on the computer.
client server network info
c/s net architecture typically provides means to connect 10+ computers - most c/s nets require a person to serve as a network admin bc of large size of network
net neutrality
concept of an open Internet
fiber-optic cable
consists of dozens or hundreds of thin strands of glass or plastic that use light to transmit signals
intranet
internal network that uses internet technologies
packet sniffer software
monitors and logs packet traffic for later analysis
(TCP/IP) Transmission control protocol / internet protocol
network protocol that defines how messages (data) are routed from one end of a network to the other - describes rules for dividing messages into small pieces called packets; providing addresses for each packet; checking for and detecting errors; sequencing packets; and regulating the flow of messages along the network
downstream rate
receiving data - 100Mbps
FTTB (Fiber to the Building)
refers to small businesses that use fiber-optic cables to access the internet
upstream rate
sending data - 30Mbps
body area network (BAN)
sometimes called body sensor network (BSN) is a type of PAN that wirelessly connects sensors worn by, carried by, implanted in, or attached to the human body
token
special series of bits that functions like a ticket - only 1 exists per network
token ring (standard)
specifies that computers and devices on the network share or pass a special signal (token) in a unidirectional manner and in a present order
protocol
standard that outlines characteristics of how two devices communicate on a network-may define data format, coding schemes, error handling, and the sequence in which data transfers over a network.
IrDA (Infrared Data Association)
standard to transmit data wirelessly to each other via infrared (IR) light waves.
communications
the process in which two or more computers or devices transfer data, instructions, and information is known as digital __________________.
line-of-sight transmission
the sending device and the receiving device must be in line with each other so that nothing obstructs the path of the infrared light wave
latency
the time it takes a signal to travel from one location to another on a network
telemedicine
the use of communications and information technologies to provide healthcare services to people at a distance
Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)
transmits on existing standard copper phone wiring - often require that filters be installed to reduce noise interference when voice communications share the same line. - include dial tone, providing users with both voice and data communications.
