Module 12+13

The percentage of electricity from nuclear power generated in recent decades in the United States has been about (10%, 20%, 30%, more than 40%)

20%

All deposits of natural uranium contain appreciable amounts of

Lead

There is an upper limit on the speed of a particle, which means there is also an upper limit on its (momentum, kinetic energy, both, neither of these)

neither of these

Motion is ________

relative

The farthest galaxy is detected to be _____ billion light years away

13.4

How long does light take to travel?

8 min

You cannot _____ additional speed to speed of light no matter how fast the source is moving

Add

What is Einstein's first postulate?

All laws of nature are the same in all uniform,y moving frames of reference

The potential damage of radiation expose differs in (alpha, beta, or gamma)

Alpha

We don't know more about the universe then what we. . .

Already know

Early 21st century research in nuclear fusion uses (ultra-hot plasmas, laser beams, both, neither)

Both

Energy released by the Sun results from the process wherein atomic nuclei (break apart, combine, both, neither)

Combine

The speed of light is (a speed approached but never quite reached by protons, constant for all observers, relative to the frame of reference from which it is measured)

Constant for all observers

When two light atoms fuse together, mass (converts to high energy gamma radiation, converts to kinetic energy, is created from energy of other forms)

Converts to kinetic energy

speed of light in a vacuum is the ___________ limit

Cosmic speed

The stretching out of time due to motion is called time (contraction, expansion, stretching, warp, dilation)

Dilation

Einstein showed that a missive object can create a _________ is space time, which causes smaller objects to go around it

Distortion

Clocks on a spaceship moving very fast relative to the Earth run more slowly when viewed from (Earth, from the spaceship, both, neither)

Earth

Event A occurs before event B in a certain frame of reference. In another frame of reference, event A could occur (simultaneously with event B, after event B, either of these, neither of these)

Either of these

A piece of matter, even at rest and not interacting with anything else, has an ________

Energy

According to the well known equation, energy equals mass times the speed of light squared

Energy and mass are related

Between the processes of nuclear fission and fusion, radioactive by-products are more characteristic of nuclear (fusion, fission, both)

Fission

Nuclear reactors that produce consumer power in present times are powered by (fission, fusion, both)

Fission

The place from which motion is observes and measure is a ________

Frame of reference

To measure the speed of an object, we first choose a _____________ and present that we are in that standing still

Frame of reference

When an object has mass m is pushed to relativistic speed v, it's momentum is (smaller than mv, equal to mv, greater than mv)

Greater than mv

How did Einstein change the views about absolute space and absolute time?

He showed that events that occur at the same time for one observe may happen at different times for another moving relative to the person at rest

What are biological effects does radiation dose depend on?

How much energy is absorbed and how tissue reacts to different form of radiation

Detonation of a fusion-type hydrogen bomb begins by (igniting a fission bomb, pressing together prices of uranium, splitting uranium, all of the above, none of the above)

Igniting a fission bomb

According to the special theory of relativity, all laws of nature are the same (in all reference frames, in al uniformly moving reference frames, for both linear or circular motion, all of the above, none of the above)

In all uniformly moving reference frames

What directions does length contraction take place in?

In the direction of travel

Moving mass which is invariant in Newtonian mechanics also ________ with respect to a stationary one

Increases

Einstein rejected the classical idea that space and time are (independent of each, connected to each other, two parts of a whole)

Independent of each other

As objects move through space time, space as well as time change. Space is contracted, making the objects look shorter when they move by us at relativistic speeds

Length contraction

Before Einstein what was the three basic quantities in mechanics that were independent of the relative motion of the observe

Length, mass, and time

Compared with the mass of a uranium nucleus before splitting, the split fragments have (the same mass, more mass, less mass)

Less mass

Distance covered by light in 1 year years stick of comes: 5.88 trillion miles

Light year

Einstein concluded that it takes energy to make ___________ and that energy is _________ is mass disappears

Mass, released

___________ is always with respect to something else

Motions

Is there a fixed place in cosmos

No

Is there a material object that can travel faster then the speed of light?

No

Can gravity be accurately explained by Newton's law of universal gravitation ?

No it only described gravity

For an isotope with a half-life of one day, at the end of two days the amount that remains is

One quarter

The half life on a radioactive isotope is two days. At the end of four days, how much of the isotope remains?

One quarter

Electric force within an atomic nucleus tend to (push it apart, hold it together, neither)

Push it apart

Is an instrument that is designed to detect and measure the radiation

Radiation detectors

Radiation disrupts cella machinery by altering biological molecules

Radiation dose

What is Einstein's view that events that occur at the same time for one observe may happen at different times for another moving relative to the person at rest called

Relativity of simultaneity

When the nucleus of an atom emits on,y a gamma ray, the atom's atomic number (remains unchanged, increases, decrease)

Remains unchanged

Radiation dosages based on potential damage is in (rads, joule, rems, none)

Reme

What is a piece of matter, even at rest and not interacting with anything else, has an energy called

Rest energy

Which device is used primarily to detect nuclear radiation? (Linear accelerator, synchrotron, cyclotron, scintillation counter, none)

Scintillation counter

Moving clocks go _______ with respect to the stationary one, moving length gets __________ to the stationary one

Slow, contracted

What is speed always the respect to?

Something else

What happens in Newtonian mechanics?

Space and tie are absolute quantities; the length of a meter stick and the time between ticks on a clock are the same to any observe, whether moving or not

________ particles are routinely pushed to nearly the speed of light

Subatomic

What is a time machine

Telescopes

What is Einstein's second postulate?

The speed of light in a free space is a constant in all inertial frames and is independent of the state of motion of the emitting body

Because the speed of light is the same in all reference frames the flash must travel for a correspondingly longer time between the mirrors in our frame than in the reference frame of the onboard observer

Time dilation

An object have have different __________ relative to different frames of reference.

Velocities

The clock on the Big Ben Tower in London reads 12 noon. If you travel away from the clock at a very high speed and view it with a telescope, you would see (run faster than a clock in your vehicle, be frozen at 12 noon, run slower than a clock in your vehicle)

run slower than a clock in your vehicle

As you approach a steady light source, the wavelength of the emitted light appears (shorter, longer, the same)

shorter