module 13 quiz (acid base)

Which of the following is the major buffer in the extracellular fluid? A. Bicarbonate B. Phosphate C. Hemoglobin D. Albumin

A. Bicarbonate Correct Correct! Bicarbonate is the major buffer in the extracellular fluid.

Which one of these people should you monitor most carefully for development of metabolic acidosis? A. Ms. C, who has had diarrhea for over a week B. Ms. D, who has newly diagnosed Cushing syndrome C. Mr. A, who is in the diuretic phase of acute renal failure D. Mr. B, who has had hypokalemia for over a week

A. Ms. C, who has had diarrhea for over a week Correct Good thinking! Diarrhea causes increased excretion of the base bicarbonate, which can lead to metabolic acidosis.

Jason Dryer, age 3, was brought to the emergency department by a child welfare officer. He is diagnosed with starvation ketoacidosis. What signs and symptoms should you anticipate in your assessment? A. Rapid, deep breathing, lethargy, abdominal pain B. Rapid, deep breathing, tremors, elevated blood pressure C. Slow, shallow breathing, numbness and tingling around his mouth D. Slow, shallow breathing, belligerence, hyperexcitability

A. Rapid, deep breathing, lethargy, abdominal pain Correct Good thinking! These are clinical manifestations of metabolic acidosis and its respiratory compensation.

which of the following imbalances often accompanies metabolic alkalosis? A. hypokalemia B. hyponatremia C. hypernatremia D. hyperkalemia

A. hypokalemia often accompanies metabolic acidosis because it can cause metabolic alklaosis or be casued by it

which of the following causes respiratory acidosis? A. hypoventilation B. massie blood transfusion C. tissue hypoxia D. hyperventilation

A. hypoventilation causes CO2 retention and respiratory acidosis

A 54-year-old male with a long history of smoking complains of excessive tiredness, shortness of breath, and overall ill feelings. Lab results reveal decreased pH, increased CO2, and normal bicarbonate ion. These findings help to confirm the diagnosis of: A. Respiratory acidosis B. Metabolic alkalosis C. Respiratory alkalosis D> Metabolic acidosis

A. respiratory acidosis

Tammy Devine, age 14 months, has developed undiagnosed pyloric stenosis and been vomiting for 2 days. In desperation, her mother brings her to the pediatrician's office without an appointment. You are the office nurse and are assigned to assess the child, who vomited again in the waiting room. Your assessment findings include the following: low blood pressure, rapid pulse, slow shallow respirations, dry mouth, skin tenting up over her sternum when you pinch it, soft sunken eyeballs, and irritability. Given this situation, how should you interpret these assessment findings? A. ECV deficit and possible primary metabolic acidosis B. ECV deficit and possible primary metabolic alkalosis C. ECV deficit and possible primary respiratory acidosis D. ECV deficit and possible primary respiratory alkalosis

B. ECV deficit and possible primary metabolic alkalosis Correct Good thinking! Vomiting removes metabolic acid from the body and causes the kidneys to reabsorb bicarbonate, which also occurs with ECV deficit. Shallow breathing is a compensatory mechanism for metabolic alkalosis.

Which of the following series of laboratory values reflects uncompensated metabolic alkalosis? A. Decreased pH, decreased HCO3- B. Increased pH, increased HCO3- C. Increased pH, decreased HCO3- D. Decreased pH, increased HCO3-

B. Increased pH, increased HCO3- Correct Correct! Metabolic alkalosis is characterized by increased HCO3- and increased pH.

which system compensates for metabolic acidosis and alkalosis? A. gastrointestinal B. respiratory C. cardiovascular D. renal

B. respiratory when metabolic acids are out of balance, the respiratory system compensates for the atered pH by adjusting the amount of carbon dioxide in the blood

A 55-year-old female presents to her primary care provider and reports dizziness, confusion, and tingling in the extremities. Blood tests reveal an elevated pH, decreased PCO2, and slightly decreased HCO3. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis? A. Metabolic alkalosis with respiratory compensation B. Respiratory alkalosis with renal compensation C. Metabolic acidosis with respiratory compensation D. Respiratory acidosis with renal compensation

B. respiratory alkalosis with renal compensation

Respiratory alkalosis is caused by: A. pulmonary edema. B. pneumonia. C. hyperventilation. D. chest muscle weakness.

C. hyperventilation . Correct Correct! Hyperventilation causes respiratory alkalosis.

which of the following alterations in the blood is evidence that the kidneys are compensating for respiratory acidosis? A. elevated carbon dioxide B. decreased carbon dioxide C. decreased bicarboante ion concentration D. elevated bicarbonate ion concentration

D. elevated bicarbonate ion concetration

if an individual has a fully compensated metabolic acidosis, the blood pH is A. low B. high C. either high or low, depending on the typ of compensation D. in the normal range

D. in the normal range the blood pH is in the normal range if an individual has fully compensated for an acid-base imbalance

what acid-base imblanace does emesis cause? A. metabolic alkalosis B. respiratory acidosis C. metabolic acidosis D. respiratroy alkaosis

a. metabolic alkalosis

early manifestations of a developing metabolic acidosis include A. muscle cramps B. short and shallow respirations C. lethargy D. coma

c. lethargy lethargy is an early manifestation of a developing metabolic acidosis