Module 2 Business Applications

List and describe the application of the four key principles of OOP.

1. Abstraction is used to handle complexity by hiding unnecessary details from the user. This principle looks at a problem from a higher level and then gets into detail in later stages of code development. 2. Inheritance enables new objects to take on the properties of existing objects. This feature reduces application development time by using existing code. 3. Polymorphism is the ability to process objects differently depending on their data type or class. For example, this technique enables a programmer to define different shapes, such as circles, rectangles, and triangles from a base class shape. 4. Encapsulation means grouping related items into a single unit. This helps programmers handle more complex data types, such as images and graphs.

An Extended ASCII data code allows representation of maximum _____ characters.

256

A petabyte is equal to _____ bytes.

2^50

Explain how a redundant array of independent disks (RAID) provides fault tolerance and improves performance.

A RAID system is a collection of disk drives used for fault tolerance and improved performance, and it is typically found in large network systems. With RAID, data can be stored in multiple places to improve the system's reliability. In other words, if one disk in the array fails, data is not lost. In some RAID configurations, sequences of data can be read from multiple disks simultaneously, which improves performance.

When comparing a mouse with a trackball, which statement is true?

A mouse is more precise in positioning the pointer than a trackball.

Which of the following activities would not typically be performed using a tablet?

A scientist works with DNA sequencing.

Identify the principle that is used to handle complexity by hiding unnecessary details from the user in object-oriented programming.

Abstraction

Identify the type of file in which each alphabetic, numeric, or special character is represented with a 7-bit binary number.

American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII)

When comparing the three basic tasks performed by computers, which of the following programs uses arithmetic operations, along with storage and retrieval?

An accounting program reads data from a flash drive, increases the sales values by 20%, and displays them on the screen before saving them back on the flash drive.

Which of the following examples best illustrates the application of project management software?

An engineering manager arranges a schedule of activities to be completed throughout a project.

In the context of object-oriented programming, discuss how objects and classes are related.

An object is an item that contains both data and the procedures that read and manipulate it. Examples include a person, an event, or a transaction. A class defines the format of the object and the action that it performs. For example, an automobile is an example of a class that may include several different makes and models. Consider BMW as a make and the 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 series as a model.

In the context of computer operations, determine which type of operation division would be classified.

Arithmetic operation

Compare assembly language to machine language.

Assembly language is the second generation of computer languages. It is a higher-level language than machine language but is also machine dependent. It uses a series of short codes, or mnemonics, to represent data or instructions. For example, ADD and SUBTRACT are typical commands in assembly language. Writing programs in assembly language is easier than in machine language.

Your company owns and operates a mainframe computer. Which statement best represents your company's computer use?

Business inventory tracking

A carbon nanotube (CNT) may provide next-generation memory for computers. Which of the following statements is NOT true with regard to CNTs?

CNTs use optical technology.

Explain how data is stored in a computer by comparing bits and bytes

Computers can store vast quantities of data and locate a specific item quickly, which makes knowledge workers more efficient in performing their jobs. In computers, data is stored in bits. A bit is a single value of 0 or 1, and 8 bits equal 1 byte. A byte is the size of a character. For example, the word computer consists of 8 characters or 8 bytes (64 bits). Every character, number, or symbol on the keyboard is represented as a binary number in computer memory. A binary system consists of 0s and 1s, with a 1 representing "on" and a 0 representing "off," similar to a light switch.

A byte is a single value, which can only be 0 or 1.

False

A server is a set of programs for controlling and managing computer hardware and software.

False

Computers cannot store massive amounts of data in small spaces.

False

Computers perform all tasks using a combination of arithmetic and logical operations.

False

Fourth-generation languages (4GLs) are also called procedural languages.

False

In network-attached storage (NAS), as the number of users increases, its performance increases.

False

Spreadsheet software is more powerful than financial planning software.

False

_____ include gallium arsenide chips that run at higher speeds and consume less power than silicon chips and optical technologies.

Fifth-generation computers

Examine fifth-generation languages (5GLs). What are they, and how are they applied in today's world?

Fifth-generation languages (5GLs) use artificial intelligence technologies, such as knowledge-based systems, natural language processing, visual programming, and a graphical approach to programming. Codes are automatically generated and designed to make the computer solve a given problem without a programmer or with minimum programming effort. These languages are designed to facilitate natural conversations between a user and the computer. Imagine that the user could ask his or her computer, "What product generated the most sales last year?" The computer, equipped with a voice synthesizer, could respond, "Product X." Dragon NaturallySpeaking Solutions is an example of NLP. Research continues in this field because of the promising results so far.

You are assigned the task of performing many types of financial analyses on large amounts of data. Would you use financial planning software or spreadsheets? Defend your choice.

Financial planning software, which is more powerful than spreadsheet software, is capable of performing many types of analysis on large amounts of data. These analyses include present value, future value, rate of return, cash flow, depreciation, retirement planning, and budgeting. A widely used financial planning package is Intuit Quicken. Using this package, you can plan and analyze all kinds of financial scenarios.

To mark technological breakthroughs in the development of computer hardware, computers are often categorized into _____.

Generations

Which company has been an instrumental player in the development of computer technology over the past 60 years.

IBM

In the context of the manufacturing industry, interpret how wearable devices may provide a possible benefit in the field.

Improve employee safety by providing a hands-free work environment.

Choose which is true of the supervisor program of an operating system (OS)?

It controls compilers in the OS.

In object-oriented programming, which statement describes a class?

It defines the format of an object.

Which statement best represents assembly language.

It uses a series of short codes, or mnemonics, to represent data or instructions.

Which statement demonstrates a characteristic of a high-quality inkjet printer?

It uses multicolor ink cartridges to print digital photographs.

The object-oriented language used most often for cross-platform app development is _____.

Java

If a program does not require separate documentation, it is written in what language?

JavaScript

_____ consists of a series of 0s and 1s representing data or instructions.

Machine language

_____ are compatible with the IBM System/360 line introduced in 1965.

Mainframe computers

Which of the following is not a basic task in the context of computer operations?

Network operations

Why are optical technologies important?

Optical technologies can improve processing speeds.

Which statement differentiates between read-only memory (ROM) and random access memory (RAM)?

ROM is nonvolatile memory, whereas RAM is volatile memory.

Jacob, a data analyst, is working on a project from home and needs to download some data from his office network. Which of the following server platforms relate to Jacob's purpose?

Remote access servers

_____ holds data when the computer is off.

Secondary memory

When considering the basic tasks of computers, which of the following is considered an arithmetic operation?

Subtracting 10 percent from a sales amount to apply a discount

Identify the type of computer that has the highest price.

Supercomputers

Identify the type of computer that has the highest storage capability.

Supercomputers

Which is an example of an object-oriented language?

Swift

Which object-oriented language is used to develop apps for macOS and iOS?

Swift

Which advantage would a programmer experience when using an object-oriented programming language?

The amount of code required would be reduced.

Which describes a memory device?

The contents of programmable read-only memory cannot be reprogrammed.

ENIAC is an example of a first-generation computer.

True

The arithmetic logic unit (ALU) and the control unit are part of the central processing unit (CPU). While the control unit tells the computer which device to read, the ALU performs arithmetic and comparison operations.

True

The object-oriented programming language principle of inheritance is a feature that reduces application development time by allowing objects to inherit existing code rather than rewriting it.

True

Provide examples of how computer speed is measured.

Typically, computer speed is measured as the number of instructions performed during the following fractions of a second: a. Millisecond: 1/1,000 of a second b. Microsecond: 1/1,000,000 of a second c. Nanosecond: 1/1,000,000,000 of a second d. Picosecond: 1/1,000,000,000,000 of a second

Explain the different classes of computers.

Usually, computers are classified based on cost, amount of memory, speed, and sophistication. Using these criteria, computers are classified as subnotebooks, notebooks, personal computers, minicomputers, mainframes, or supercomputers. Supercomputers are the most powerful; they also have the highest storage capabilities and the highest price.

In the context of computer operations, which operation best describes multiplication?

arithmetic

To create a link between devices connected to a computer, you would use a ______.

bus

In differentiating between storage measurements, a _____ is the size of a character.

byte

Computer designers have concentrated on technology using gallium arsenide instead of silicon because silicon ______.

cannot emit light and has speed limitations

When the OS writes data to storage, it generates a value, called the _______, along with the data.

checksum

Traditional tools, such as T-squares, triangles, paper, and pencils have been replaced by _____.

computer-aided design (CAD) software

Creating, deleting, modifying, searching, sorting, and joining data requires ______ software.

database

Microsoft SQL Server is an example of ____ software.

database

A sophisticated newsletter could be created using _____ software.

desktop publishing

Visual programming is an example of a technology used in ____ languages.

fifth-generation

Structured query language (SQL) is an example of a(n) _____.

fourth-generation language

Java and C++ are examples of _____.

high-level languages

Third-generation computers operated on _____.

integrated circuits

To enable communication between a video card and memory, you would use a(n) _____.

internal bus

The supervisor program in an operating system (OS) is also known as the _____.

kernel

Testing a value to see if it contains an "n" or "y" is an example of a ______ operation.

logical

Which of the following was the earliest language used on computers?

machine language

An item that contains both data and the procedures that read and manipulate it is called a(n) ________.

object

Choose the correct code in which the source code must be translated into in order to make a computer understand a program.

object

UNIX is a type of _____.

operating system

Obtaining the data of a video file from a flash drive is an example of _________ operation.

retrieval

Key features resulting in the increasing popularity of object-oriented programming are ____.

simplicity and adaptability

What type of software is Corel Quattro Pro considered?

spreadsheet software

Saving a new customer's name in the customer file is an example of a ______ operation.

storage

Beginning in the 1940s, first-generation computers used _____.

vacuum tube technology

Which type of software would be used to write a letter, check the spelling and grammar, and e-mail it to hundreds of customers?

word processing