Module 2

Which dietary change will a person who has gall stones most likely need to make in order to reduce the recurrence of gallstones?

He should adopt a reduced fat diet

Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) occurs when the mucosal lining of the GI tract that usually protects it from its acidic surroundings is eroded. What is the primary cause of PUD?

Helicobacter pylori bacteria

Portion sizes for grain foods are often discussed in ounces. Which of the following grain foods is representative of a 1 ounce serving size?

1 regular slice of bread

Which of the following is/are true of digestion of nutrients in the small intestine?

All of the above.

Janis complains of frequent constipation. What is constipation caused by?

All of the answers may be causes of constipation

Which of the following is a component in plain, fat-free milk?

lactose

The digestion of fat requires the presence of a substance called bile that works to emulsify fat. Bile is made in the _____ and stored in the _____.

liver; gallbladder

Lactose is the disaccharide found in:

milk.

The basic chemical unit of carbohydrates is a(an)

monosaccharide.

Food is pushed from your mouth through the esophagus to the stomach by:

muscular contractions known as peristalsis.

Which of the following foods is the richest source of saturated fat?

palm oil

In MyPlate peanuts and other nuts are found in:

the protein group

Overweight and obese people have a greater risk of _____ than people who aren't overfat.

type 2 diabetes

It is not just the number on the scale that we should focus on when trying to obtain a healthy weight. Our waist circumference is also an important measurement to keep under control. Ideally, females should aim for a waist circumference of less than ___ inches, and males should aim for a waist circumference of less than ___ inches.

35; 40

Although bariatric surgery is an effective intervention for people with severe obesity, it is not an appropriate procedure for everyone. In order to qualify for bariatric surgery, an individual must be severely obese, which is:

A BMI ≥ 40 or a BMI ≥ 35 along with another health problem related to obesity

If you are trying to incorporate more fruit into your diet, it is best to eat fresh fruit if possible. If you do not have access to fresh fruit, then plain frozen fruit is another alternative. Canned and dried fruits are less desirable because they often contain:

Added sugars

The role of fat in foods is to add:

All of the above

Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a rare, inherited disease. People with PKU have to severely limit their intake of the amino acid phenylalanine, which is found in many high protein foods. People with PKU also have to avoid what else?

Aspartame because it releases phenylalanine

What is the name of the procedure that conducts a low level electric current throughout the body to measure percent body fat?

BIA

____ is a rich source of heme iron.

Beef steak

Since fat provides 9 calories per gram, "low fat" foods are also low calorie.

False

____ must be added to grains during the enrichment process.

Folate

The BMI is an imperfect measurement because, among other limitations, it does not take into account a person's:

Gender

There are two types of digestion: chemical digestion and mechanical digestion. Where do both chemical digestion and mechanical digestion begin?

In the mouth

Fruit is a valuable component in the diet because it is high in water and it provides a good amount of dietary fiber as well as other important vitamins. Many fruits, including citrus fruits, are good sources of vitamin C. Vitamin C helps with immune health and wound healing, and it also promotes the absorption of which mineral?

Iron

One can of soda contains 240 calories. How does this compare to recommendations for added sugars for a 2000 Calorie diet?

It is over the recommendation.

Which carbohydrate is found in milk?

Lactose

Vegetables and fruits are both beneficial to include in your diet, although they are not nutritionally similar. If you compare vegetables to fruits, vegetables have:

Less calories and less fiber than fruit

All of the following statements about the different approaches to weight management are correct, EXCEPT:

Most fad diets do not promote calorie reduction

When selecting vegetables, it is a good idea to try to eat a variety of colors of vegetables. Which color vegetables contain vitamin A, a vitamin that is important for eyesight and immunity?

Orange and yellow vegetables

The epiglottis plays a role in digestion because it:

Prevents food from entering the trachea

The vegetable group includes beans like green beans as well as legumes. The legumes (beans and peas) can also be classified as:

Protein foods

_____ fat insulates the body and protects muscles and bones from bumps and bruises.

Subcutaneous

Which of the following is true of saturated fats?

They are derived largely from animal products like meat and dairy.

TRUE OR FALSE: The task of the digestive system is to transform the food you consume into the nutrients and energy that keep you alive.

True

What is the name of the weight loss surgery procedure where the surgeon staples the stomach to form a pouch that is about the size of a banana and that can hold anywhere from two to five ounces of food?

Vertical sleeve gastrectomy

Certain fruits and vegetables like potatoes, apples, and pears will turn brown if you cut them and leave them exposed to oxygen. One way to prevent browning is to add an antioxidant after cutting, such as the __________ you find in __________.

Vitamin C; orange juice

A good rule of thumb for selecting whole grain foods is to look at both the dietary fiber content on the food label and at the ingredients in the ingredient list. A whole grain food will usually have at least 2-3 grams of fiber per serving, and the first ingredient in the ingredient list should include the word:

Whole

Dairy foods are known for their ability to promote bone health because of their calcium content, but not all dairy foods are created alike. The dairy group does not include foods made from milk that have little or no calcium. Which of the following would be considered a dairy food?

Yogurt

A diet that provides adequate folate helps prevent:

all of the above

Larger amounts of vitamin C are needed for:

all of the above

The moist lump that forms when a bite of food combines with saliva is referred to as:

bolus.

The twisting tube that begins in the mouth and ends in the rectum/anus is the:

digestive tract.

The stomach grinds the bolus, breaking it into smaller pieces and secretes ____________________ that begin to dissolve proteins that were consumed.

enzymes and acids

The three main monosaccharides in foods are:

galactose, glucose, and fructose.

The starch in rice and potatoes is composed of

glucose molecules.

Per tablespoon, butter has more _______ than olive oil.

saturated fat

"Cellulite" is

subcutaneous adipose tissue that gives skin a lumpy appearance.

Which of the following foods is a rich source of starch?

sweet potatoes

In the United States, the practice of fortifying _____ with iodide has reduced the risk of goiters.

table salt