Module 5 (Chapter 6)-Learning
Classical and operant conditioning are forms of ________ learning.
associational
Which of the following is an example of instinct: unlearned knowledge that involves complex patterns of behavior?
baby seeking food by rooting and suckling
Which of the following is a process by which we learn to associate stimuli and, consequently, to anticipate events?
classical conditioning
In ______conditioning, an established conditioned stimulus is paired with a new neutral stimulus.
higher order
What do psychologists call a relatively permanent change in behavior or knowledge that results from experience?
learning
Dave's boss told him that he doesn't have to attend the company picnic (which everybody dislikes) if Dave meets his sales quota this month. Dave's boss is using _________.
negative reinforcement
In classical conditioning. the association that is learned is between a ________.
neutral stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus
Learning that occurs while watching others and then imitating, or modeling, what they do or say us called ______ learning.
observational
________ reinforcers have innate reinforcing qualities.
primary
In operant conditioning, what describes adding something to decrease the likelihood of behavior?
punishment
Which term best describes rewarding successive approximations of a target behavior?
shaping
Mia is taught to go to sleep when the light is turned off. However, for many months Mia no longer falls asleep when the light is turned off. Later, Mia begins to fall asleep when the light is turned off again. This is an example of ________.
spontaneous recovery
If a stimulus plus a response results in a satisfying outcome, the probability of that response occurring again ________.
increases
What are innate behaviors that are triggered by a broader range of events, such as aging and the change of seasons?
instincts
Harold catches fish throughout the day at unpredictable intervals. Which reinforcement schedule is this?
variable interval