Module 5 (Chapter 6)-Learning

Classical and operant conditioning are forms of ________ learning.

associational

Which of the following is an example of instinct: unlearned knowledge that involves complex patterns of behavior?

baby seeking food by rooting and suckling

Which of the following is a process by which we learn to associate stimuli and, consequently, to anticipate events?

classical conditioning

In ______conditioning, an established conditioned stimulus is paired with a new neutral stimulus.

higher order

What do psychologists call a relatively permanent change in behavior or knowledge that results from experience?

learning

Dave's boss told him that he doesn't have to attend the company picnic (which everybody dislikes) if Dave meets his sales quota this month. Dave's boss is using _________.

negative reinforcement

In classical conditioning. the association that is learned is between a ________.

neutral stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus

Learning that occurs while watching others and then imitating, or modeling, what they do or say us called ______ learning.

observational

________ reinforcers have innate reinforcing qualities.

primary

In operant conditioning, what describes adding something to decrease the likelihood of behavior?

punishment

Which term best describes rewarding successive approximations of a target behavior?

shaping

Mia is taught to go to sleep when the light is turned off. However, for many months Mia no longer falls asleep when the light is turned off. Later, Mia begins to fall asleep when the light is turned off again. This is an example of ________.

spontaneous recovery

If a stimulus plus a response results in a satisfying outcome, the probability of that response occurring again ________.

increases

What are innate behaviors that are triggered by a broader range of events, such as aging and the change of seasons?

instincts

Harold catches fish throughout the day at unpredictable intervals. Which reinforcement schedule is this?

variable interval