Module 53

_____ disorders are characterized by inflexible and enduring maladaptive character traits that impair social functioning.

Personality

A sudden loss of memory is one symptom of a(n) _____ disorder.

dissociative

A sudden loss of memory is one symptom of a(n):

dissociative disorder.

_____ see dissociative disorders as behaviors reinforced by anxiety reduction.

learning theorists

Stacy has to be the life of the party. She has to be the center of attention, even from her married friends' husbands. This behavior has upset a number of her friends, especially when she monopolizes all conversation to focus on herself. Stacy may be considered to have _____ personality disorder.

narcissistic

Early signs of antisocial behavior in children include:

slow development of conditioned fears.

_____ theorists see dissociative disorders as behaviors reinforced by anxiety reduction.

Learning

_____ see dissociative disorders as behaviors reinforced by anxiety reduction.

Learning theorists

Between 1930 and 1960, the number of dissociative identity disorder (DID) diagnoses in North America was about _____ per decade.

2

In an attempt to lose some of the weight gained by binge eating, Claire uses laxatives and exercises until she is exhausted. Claire most clearly demonstrates symptoms of _____ nervosa.

bulimia

Episodes of overeating (typically with high-calorie foods) followed by vomiting, laxative use, fasting, or excessive exercise are common in individuals with _____.

bulimia nervosa

In an attempt to lose some of the weight gained by binge eating, Melissa uses laxatives and exercises until she is exhausted. Melissa most clearly demonstrates symptoms of:

bulimia nervosa.

In an attempt to lose some of the weight gained by binge eating, Melissa uses laxatives and experiences bouts of depression and anxiety during and following binges. Melissa most clearly demonstrates symptoms of:

bulimia nervosa.

Angel has been arrested for grand theft auto. He claims that it wasn't him and that he knows nothing about the crime as his alter ego must have done it. The court-appointed psychiatrist knows immediately that Angel does not suffer from _____ disorder as the host is never co-conscious with the alter egos.

dissociative identity

Angel has been arrested for grand theft auto. He claims that it wasn't him and that he knows nothing about the crime as his alter ego must have done it. The court-appointed psychiatrist knows immediately that Angel does not suffer from _____ as the host is never co-conscious with the alter egos.

dissociative identity disorder

William, an airplane pilot, is unable to remember anything of a bombing raid in which his plane was severely damaged and two crew members were killed. Because he himself suffered no physical injuries, psychologists suspect that William probably suffers from:

a dissociative disorder.

Although she is underweight, Lindsey is extremely afraid of becoming obese. She often checks her body in the mirror for any signs of fat and refuses to eat most foods because she insists they are fatty or high in calories. Lindsey most clearly demonstrates symptoms of _____ nervosa.

anorexia

A person with _____ disorder is aggressive, ruthless, and shows no sign of the conscience that would inhibit wrongdoing.

antisocial personality

Researchers have suggested that the role playing of fantasy-prone patients in response to the leading questions of therapists has often contributed to:

dissociative identity disorder.

In a study examining the genetic influences on antisocial personality disorder, Adrian Raine compared the PET scans of murderers' brains to the brains of non-murderers of the same age and sex. Raine reported reduced activity in the murderers' _____________ , which is a brain area that helps with impulse control.

frontal lobes

A sudden loss of _____ is one symptom of a dissociative disorder.

memory

Episodes of _____ followed by vomiting, laxative use, fasting, or excessive exercise are common in individuals with bulimia nervosa:

overeating.

_____ disorders are characterized by inflexible and enduring maladaptive character traits that impair social functioning.

personality

The suggestion that dissociative identity disorder symptoms are created as defenses against the anxiety caused by one's own unacceptable impulses best illustrates the:

psychoanalytic perspective.

One cluster of personality disorders expresses eccentric behavior and includes _____ disorder. People with this personality disorder display an emotionless disengagement.

schizoid personality

In the 1980s, when the DSM contained the first formal code for _____, the number of diagnoses for this condition in North America exploded to more than 20,000.

DID

Mr. Hoffman has always been cautious with his money. But, over the past two weeks, he has developed grandiose plans to bet his entire savings on a single horse race. With unrestrained exuberance he has also been giving everybody he sees unsolicited advice on how to make millions in the stock market. Mr. Hoffman's behavior is most indicative of:

None of these disorders

About four months ago, 16-year-old Amanda went on a drastic diet that caused her to drop from her normal weight of 120 pounds to less than 90 pounds. Although her weight is dangerously low, she continues to under eat because she thinks she looks fat. Amanda suffers from:

anorexia nervosa.

Although she is underweight, Lindsey is extremely afraid of becoming obese. She often checks her body in the mirror for any signs of fat and refuses to eat most foods because she insists they are fatty or high in calories. Lindsey most clearly demonstrates symptoms of:

anorexia nervosa.

Continued significant dieting after weight loss of more than 15 percent of normal body weight is common in individuals with:

anorexia nervosa.

Raquel was initially excited to make the cheerleading squad. However, her parents noticed that she stopped eating dinner with them, wanted to help make most meals, and had a list of good and bad foods. She began portioning the amount of food she ate and weighing food. Most concerning was the significant weight drop from a healthy 115 pounds to 90 pounds. This case demonstrates symptoms of:

anorexia nervosa.

Raquel was initially excited to make the cheerleading squad. However, her parents noticed that she stopped eating dinner with them, wanted to help make most meals, and had a list of good and bad foods. She began portioning the amount of food she ate, weighing food, and would claim to have already eaten. Most concerning was the significant weight drop from a healthy 115 pounds to 90 pounds. This case most clearly demonstrates symptoms of:

anorexia nervosa.

Kyle is extremely manipulative. He can look anyone in the eye and lie convincingly. His deceit often endangers the safety and well-being of those around him, but he is indifferent to their suffering as a result of his actions. His behavior best illustrates:

antisocial personality disorder.

Personality disorders can be classified into three clusters. One cluster expresses anxiety, such as that exhibited in _____ personality disorder. People with this personality disorder are so fearful of rejection that it predisposes them to withdraw from society.

avoidant

Over the past 50 years, the incidence of anorexia nervosa has steadily increased. This is probably attributable to:

cultural ideals of beauty that increasingly encourage thinness.

People with a(n) _____ personality disorder have a tendency to exaggerate their own importance. They do not accept criticism very well and are known to react to it with rage or shame.

narcissistic

Thomas was called into his boss's office last week for once again overstepping the boundaries of his job position. Thomas had told the director of research that he was the one running the show and it would only be a matter of time before he was in his boss's position. When confronted, Thomas told his boss that it was true, and no one seems to understand that he is the one in charge. Thomas would be considered to have a(n) _____ personality disorder.

narcissistic

If one of the members of the following pairs suffers from anorexia nervosa, the other has the highest risk of developing the illness in which case?

two identical twins