Module 6: Endocrine System Quiz 5

Cretinism in children is caused by a. hypothyroidism. b. lack of an X or Y chromosome. c. lack of growth hormone. d. a malfunction of the adrenal cortex. e. a faulty pineal gland.

a. hypothyroidism

The thyroid gland is positioned where in relation to the larynx? a. inferiorly b. superiorly c. anteriorly d. posteriorly

a. inferiorly

Which of the following hormones stimulates the ovaries to produce progesterone? a. luteinizing hormone (LH) b. melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH) c. thyroxine d. thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) e. follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

a. luteinizing hormone (LH)

Which hormone causes increased intestinal absorption of calcium and can stimulate osteoclasts to resorb bone tissue, thereby increasing blood levels of calcium ions? a. parathyroid hormone b. calcitonin c. thyroid hormone d. adrenocorticotropic hormone e. antidiuretic hormone

a. parathyroid hormone

Steve Prefontaine, a long distance runner, ate a big meal of pasta the night before the marathon. During the race his blood sugar was dropping, but his liver broke down stored glycogen and releases additional glucose. For this Steve can thank: a. the alpha cells of his pancreas b. aldosterone from the adrenal cortex c. insulin released from the pancreas d. ADH produced in the hypothalamus e. albumin produced in the hepatocytes

a. the alpha cells of his pancreas

If you have suffered from elevated stress levels during the entire time you have been taking this anatomy course, then a. the excessive stimulation of the adrenal medulla has resulted in depletion of your energy reserves and made you more susceptible to disease. b. the prolonged "fight or flight" status of your body has helped you maintain optimal physical and mental performance. c. the stimulation of the adrenal cortex has caused hypersecretion of aldosterone, putting your sodium and potassium levels out of balance. d. you have become physically addicted to the "adrenalin rush" of procrastinating, then cramming. e. you are just too tired to even think about the correct answer to this question and too apathetic to even guess at something other than "e."

a. the excessive stimulation of the adrenal medulla has resulted in depletion of your energy reserves and made you more susceptible to disease

The actor, Marty Feldman, who played a bug-eyed lab-assistant in Young Frankenstein, had what endocrine disorder? a. Endemic goiter b. Graves disease c. Diabetes Mellitus d. Cushing's syndrome e. Addison's disease

b. Graves disease

A 15 year old girl has hypothyroidism. This condition could be caused by: a. a lack of sodium b. a lack of iodine c. a lack of calcium d. A lack of sodium and calcium e. all of the above

b. a lack of iodine

Which cells in the pancreas secrete insulin? a. alpha cells b. beta cells c. gamma cells d. principal cells e. mast cells

b. beta cells

Over secretion of which hormone causes acromegaly? a. thyroxin b. growth hormone c. glucagon d. prolactin e. thyroid-stimulating hormone

b. growth hormone

During childbirth, uterine contractions are stimulated by oxytocin, which is produced in the: a. thalamus. b. hypothalamus. c. ovaries. d. pituitary. e. pineal body.

b. hypothalamus

Which hormones regulate the concentration of extracellular electrolytes, especially sodium and potassium? a. glucocorticoids b. mineralocorticoids c. norepinephrine and epinephrine d. glucagon and insulin e. Luteinizing hormone

b. mineralocorticoids

Which of the following is not a steroid hormone? a. estrogen b. cortisone c. epinephrine d. testosterone e. All of these are steroids.

c. epinephrine

Kevin's dog, Yuki, has Addison's disease, which is basically the same as Addison's disease in humans (failure of the adrenal cortex). For the rest of her life she has to be given: a. estrogen and testosterone b. ACTH and ADHD c. glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids d. thyroid stimulating hormone e. prolactin and oxytocin

c. glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids

What effect can lack of iodine in the diet have on bone density, and why? a. It would have no effect b. Bone density may decrease due to elevated levels of parathyroid hormone c. Bone density may increase because of higher levels of triiodothyronine d. Bone density may decrease due to inadequate calcitonin e. Bone density may decrease due to increased thyroid stimulating hormone

d. Bone density may decrease due to inadequate calcitonin

Both John F. Kennedy and Kevin's dog Yuki suffered from a failure of the adrenal cortex which results in a chronic shortage of glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids. This condition is called: a. Cushing syndrome b. Graves disease c. Adrenogenital syndrome d. Addison disease

d. addison disease

Which of the following is not influenced by parathyroid hormone? a. kidneys b. bones c. intestines d. muscles e. All of these are influenced by PTH.

d. muscles

Melatonin production increases at night and contributes to feelings of sleepiness. This hormone is produced by: a. the pituitary gland b. the hypothalamus c. the adrenal cortex d. the pineal gland e. the skin

d. the pineal gland

A woman has a low metabolic rate and always feels cold. She may have a problem with the: a. pineal gland b. parathyroid gland c. adrenal gland d. thyroid gland e. pancreas

d. thyroid gland

A heavyset 46 year-old man was feeling weak with blurred vision. When he went to the hospital his blood glucose reading was above 400. What is the most likely cause of this abnormally high level? a. breakdown of adipose tissue into glucose b. high levels of glycogen storage in the liver c. hypersecretion of glucagon secreted by alpha cells in the pancreas d. inadequate production of insulin by the pancreas e. body cells no longer sensitive to insulin

e. body cells no longer sensitive to insulin

Which of the following endocrine glands is (are) retroperitoneal? a. adrenal b. thyroid c. pituitary d. pancreas e. both a and d

e. both a and d

The tail of the gland that produces insulin is connected to the: a. liver b. duodenum c. stomach d. kidney e. spleen

e. spleen