Module 7 : What is "abnormal"?
lifetime prevalence rate
% of people who meet criteria for a diagnosis at some point in their lifetime
autism spectrum disorder
A disorder characterized by deficits in social relatedness and communication skills that are often accompanied by repetitive, ritualistic behavior.
bipolar disorder
A mood disorder in which the person alternates between the hopelessness and lethargy of depression and the overexcited state of mania.
Extraversion
A personality dimension describing someone who is sociable, gregarious, and assertive
Conscientiousness
A personality dimension that describes someone who is responsible, dependable, persistent, and organized
antisocial personality disorder
A personality disorder in which the person (usually a man) exhibits a lack of conscience for wrongdoing, even toward friends and family members. May be aggressive and ruthless or a clever con artist.
Depression
A prolonged feeling of helplessness, hopelessness, and sadness
panic disorder
An anxiety disorder marked by unpredictable minutes-long episodes of intense dread in which a person experiences terror and accompanying chest pain, choking, or other frightening sensations.
Why doesn't it work to say that "abnormal" is all the kinds of thinking and behavior that are atypical?
Atypical feelings are outside of the normal but don't necessarily mean it is disordered. These atypical feelings are most likely feelings from an outside source that made you feel this way, not your day to day "climate".
three clusters of personality disorders
Cluster A characterizes personality styles that are odd and eccentric. Cluster B includes personality styles that are impulsive, dramatic, highly emotional, and erratic Cluster C include nervous and fearful personality styles.
common examples of anxiety disorders?
Excessive and persistent fear Related disturbances in behavior Considerable distress.
five major factors contributing to the development of schizophrenia
Genes Neurotransmitters Brain Anatomy Events during pregnancy ( exposure to flu in womb ) Marijuana
Cause of OCD
Genetics Brain abnormalities - orbitofrontal cortex Environment
Dysfunction
Impaired or abnormal functioning
diathesis-stress model
a diagnostic model that proposes that a disorder may develop when an underlying vulnerability is coupled with a precipitating event
Schizophrenia
a group of severe disorders characterized by disorganized and delusional thinking, disturbed perceptions, and inappropriate emotions and actions
ADHD
a psychological disorder marked by the appearance by age 7 of one or more of three key symptoms: extreme inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity
behavioral inhibition
a temperamentally based style of responding characterized by the tendency to be particularly fearful and restrained when dealing with novel or stressful situations
PTSD (Post Traumatic Stress Disorder)
an anxiety disorder characterized by haunting memories, nightmares, social withdrawal, jumpy anxiety, and/or insomnia that lingers for four weeks or more after a traumatic experience
OCD
an anxiety disorder characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts (obsessions) and/or actions (compulsions) Body dysmorphic disorder Hoarding disorder
Etiology
cause of disease
hopelessness theory
cognitive theory of depression proposing that a style of thinking that perceives negative life events as having stable and global causes leads to a sense of hopelessness and then to depression
rumination
compulsive fretting; overthinking about our problems and their causes
Borderline personality disorder
condition marked by extreme instability in mood, identity, and impulse control
Neuroticism
degree of emotional instability or stability
dissociative disorders
disorders in which conscious awareness becomes separated (dissociated) from previous memories, thoughts, and feelings
Delusions
false beliefs, often of persecution or grandeur, that may accompany psychotic disorders
Hallucinations
false sensory experiences, such as seeing something in the absence of an external visual stimulus
agoraphobia
fear of open spaces
Agreeableness
how trusting, good-natured, cooperative, and soft-hearted one is
social anxiety disorder
intense fear of social situations, leading to avoidance of such
Big 5 Personality Traits
openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, neuroticism
mood disorders
psychological disorders characterized by emotional extremes
personality disorders
psychological disorders characterized by inflexible and enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning
Psychopathology
scientific study of psychological disorders
DSM-5
the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition; a widely used system for classifying psychological disorders.
Comorbidity
the co-occurrence of two or more disorders in a single individual
Openness
willingness to try new things and be open to new experiences
