Module 7 : What is "abnormal"?

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lifetime prevalence rate

% of people who meet criteria for a diagnosis at some point in their lifetime

autism spectrum disorder

A disorder characterized by deficits in social relatedness and communication skills that are often accompanied by repetitive, ritualistic behavior.

bipolar disorder

A mood disorder in which the person alternates between the hopelessness and lethargy of depression and the overexcited state of mania.

Extraversion

A personality dimension describing someone who is sociable, gregarious, and assertive

Conscientiousness

A personality dimension that describes someone who is responsible, dependable, persistent, and organized

antisocial personality disorder

A personality disorder in which the person (usually a man) exhibits a lack of conscience for wrongdoing, even toward friends and family members. May be aggressive and ruthless or a clever con artist.

Depression

A prolonged feeling of helplessness, hopelessness, and sadness

panic disorder

An anxiety disorder marked by unpredictable minutes-long episodes of intense dread in which a person experiences terror and accompanying chest pain, choking, or other frightening sensations.

Why doesn't it work to say that "abnormal" is all the kinds of thinking and behavior that are atypical?

Atypical feelings are outside of the normal but don't necessarily mean it is disordered. These atypical feelings are most likely feelings from an outside source that made you feel this way, not your day to day "climate".

three clusters of personality disorders

Cluster A characterizes personality styles that are odd and eccentric. Cluster B includes personality styles that are impulsive, dramatic, highly emotional, and erratic Cluster C include nervous and fearful personality styles.

common examples of anxiety disorders?

Excessive and persistent fear Related disturbances in behavior Considerable distress.

five major factors contributing to the development of schizophrenia

Genes Neurotransmitters Brain Anatomy Events during pregnancy ( exposure to flu in womb ) Marijuana

Cause of OCD

Genetics Brain abnormalities - orbitofrontal cortex Environment

Dysfunction

Impaired or abnormal functioning

diathesis-stress model

a diagnostic model that proposes that a disorder may develop when an underlying vulnerability is coupled with a precipitating event

Schizophrenia

a group of severe disorders characterized by disorganized and delusional thinking, disturbed perceptions, and inappropriate emotions and actions

ADHD

a psychological disorder marked by the appearance by age 7 of one or more of three key symptoms: extreme inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity

behavioral inhibition

a temperamentally based style of responding characterized by the tendency to be particularly fearful and restrained when dealing with novel or stressful situations

PTSD (Post Traumatic Stress Disorder)

an anxiety disorder characterized by haunting memories, nightmares, social withdrawal, jumpy anxiety, and/or insomnia that lingers for four weeks or more after a traumatic experience

OCD

an anxiety disorder characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts (obsessions) and/or actions (compulsions) Body dysmorphic disorder Hoarding disorder

Etiology

cause of disease

hopelessness theory

cognitive theory of depression proposing that a style of thinking that perceives negative life events as having stable and global causes leads to a sense of hopelessness and then to depression

rumination

compulsive fretting; overthinking about our problems and their causes

Borderline personality disorder

condition marked by extreme instability in mood, identity, and impulse control

Neuroticism

degree of emotional instability or stability

dissociative disorders

disorders in which conscious awareness becomes separated (dissociated) from previous memories, thoughts, and feelings

Delusions

false beliefs, often of persecution or grandeur, that may accompany psychotic disorders

Hallucinations

false sensory experiences, such as seeing something in the absence of an external visual stimulus

agoraphobia

fear of open spaces

Agreeableness

how trusting, good-natured, cooperative, and soft-hearted one is

social anxiety disorder

intense fear of social situations, leading to avoidance of such

Big 5 Personality Traits

openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, neuroticism

mood disorders

psychological disorders characterized by emotional extremes

personality disorders

psychological disorders characterized by inflexible and enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning

Psychopathology

scientific study of psychological disorders

DSM-5

the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition; a widely used system for classifying psychological disorders.

Comorbidity

the co-occurrence of two or more disorders in a single individual

Openness

willingness to try new things and be open to new experiences


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