more org behavior

What term refers to a general tendency of an individual to experience a particular mood or to react to things in a particular way or with certain emotions?

affectivity

Organizations pursuing a differentiation strategy often try to develop a competitive advantage based on product

innovation

All of the following are true regarding social loafing EXCEPT

it is often a problem in very small groups.

One conclusion of the University of Michigan studies was that a leader who focuses on work procedures and performance is exhibiting

job-centered leader behavior.

The central premise of the leadership substitutes perspective is that

leader behaviors may be irrelevant in some situations.

Path-goal theory assumes that

leaders can change their behaviors.

The path-goal theory and the LPC model both state that

leadership effectiveness depends on characteristics of the situation.

Power held due to the position of authority is called __________ power.

legitimate

Emotional intelligence involves all of the following EXCEPT

locus of control

Research suggests that male leaders are, on average, ____________ than female leaders.

more autocratic

Which of the following traits is NOT considered a positive in organizational settings?

more neurotic

Arthur appears to be poised, calm, resilient, and secure. He displays low __________.

neuroticism

Individuals who score high in __________ tend to exhibit unpleasant emotions, such as anger and anxiety.

neurotiscm

Individual characteristics that may render leader behavior unnecessary include all of the following EXCEPT

norms

Maximizing the efficiency of the manufacturing or product development process in order to minimize costs is referred to as

operational excellence.

Goal specificity is consistently related to

performance

According to the path-goal theory of leadership, the two types of situational factors that influence how leaders should behave are

personal characteristics of the subordinates and environmental characteristics.

Teams differ from groups in that teams

place more emphasis on concerted action than groups do.

Informational diversity has a __________ impact on team performance; demographic diversity often has a __________ impact.

positive, negative

What is the goal of brainstorming?

produce new ideas and solutions by stimulating group members' creativity

Position power includes all of the following EXCEPT

referent power

Satisficing refers to making a __________ rather than an optimal decision.

satisfactory

The sales department at a local company determines that Product A will moderately boost sales and have a shorter production schedule, so it is decided that this product will be manufactured and sold without considering other options. In choosing this product, the sales department is

satisficing

Walmart is famous for exemplifying the cost leadership strategy. Which of the following is Walmart likely NOT to do?

Automate as few jobs as possible

__________ refers to the inability of human beings to process an unlimited amount of information, causing most decisions to be made in a partially irrational manner.

Bounded rationality

__________ refers to the extent to which people can be counted on to get things done.

Conscientousness

__________ values and norms are exhibited by employees based on their observations of what actually goes on in the organization.

Enacted

__________ values and norms are the preferred values and norms explicitly stated by the organization.

Espouses

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of programmed decisions?

Judgment and creativity are the basis of solution.

Which of the following is more closely associated with leadership than with management?

Motivating

Organizations pursuing a strategy of keeping costs and prices low usually try to develop a competitive advantage using which of the following?

Operational excellence

Which of the following is NOT one of the steps in forming equity perceptions?

Satisfy physiological needs before growth needs.

In the LPC theory, which of the following is appropriate for very favorable as well as very unfavorable situations?

Task-oriented behavior

Why does working in teams result in enhanced performance?

Teams pool individual efforts in new ways and strive for continuous improvement.

Which of the following is categorized as a formal group?

command

Which of the following is NOT one of the five basic group performance factors?

cooperation

If a business strategy and corporate culture are in conflict the __________ will win, regardless of the strength and effectiveness of the strategy.

culture

Organizations pursuing a specialization strategy often try to develop a competitive advantage based on

customer intimacy

Which of the following is the primary competitive advantage Costco has over Sam's Club, its closest competitor?

excellent customer experience

One's confidence in the ability to organize and execute the courses of action necessary to accomplish a specific task is called

self-efficacy

According to goal-setting theory, which of the following strategies is NOT likely to result in improved performance?

setting unspecified goals so that workers can establish their own measures

Businesses that use a __________ strategy focus on a narrow market segment or niche.

specialization

To gain a competitive advantage, a company must offer

superior value for the price.

A contingency plan specifies what will be done if __________.

the primary plan is disrupted

According to the LPC theory, a situation that has low position power, high task structure, and good leader-member relations is

very favorable

Organizational culture helps people in an organization understand

which actions are considered acceptable and which are considered unacceptable.

Uncertainty avoidance refers to the extent to which

workers prefer unambiguous situations.