more org behavior
What term refers to a general tendency of an individual to experience a particular mood or to react to things in a particular way or with certain emotions?
affectivity
Organizations pursuing a differentiation strategy often try to develop a competitive advantage based on product
innovation
All of the following are true regarding social loafing EXCEPT
it is often a problem in very small groups.
One conclusion of the University of Michigan studies was that a leader who focuses on work procedures and performance is exhibiting
job-centered leader behavior.
The central premise of the leadership substitutes perspective is that
leader behaviors may be irrelevant in some situations.
Path-goal theory assumes that
leaders can change their behaviors.
The path-goal theory and the LPC model both state that
leadership effectiveness depends on characteristics of the situation.
Power held due to the position of authority is called __________ power.
legitimate
Emotional intelligence involves all of the following EXCEPT
locus of control
Research suggests that male leaders are, on average, ____________ than female leaders.
more autocratic
Which of the following traits is NOT considered a positive in organizational settings?
more neurotic
Arthur appears to be poised, calm, resilient, and secure. He displays low __________.
neuroticism
Individuals who score high in __________ tend to exhibit unpleasant emotions, such as anger and anxiety.
neurotiscm
Individual characteristics that may render leader behavior unnecessary include all of the following EXCEPT
norms
Maximizing the efficiency of the manufacturing or product development process in order to minimize costs is referred to as
operational excellence.
Goal specificity is consistently related to
performance
According to the path-goal theory of leadership, the two types of situational factors that influence how leaders should behave are
personal characteristics of the subordinates and environmental characteristics.
Teams differ from groups in that teams
place more emphasis on concerted action than groups do.
Informational diversity has a __________ impact on team performance; demographic diversity often has a __________ impact.
positive, negative
What is the goal of brainstorming?
produce new ideas and solutions by stimulating group members' creativity
Position power includes all of the following EXCEPT
referent power
Satisficing refers to making a __________ rather than an optimal decision.
satisfactory
The sales department at a local company determines that Product A will moderately boost sales and have a shorter production schedule, so it is decided that this product will be manufactured and sold without considering other options. In choosing this product, the sales department is
satisficing
Walmart is famous for exemplifying the cost leadership strategy. Which of the following is Walmart likely NOT to do?
Automate as few jobs as possible
__________ refers to the inability of human beings to process an unlimited amount of information, causing most decisions to be made in a partially irrational manner.
Bounded rationality
__________ refers to the extent to which people can be counted on to get things done.
Conscientousness
__________ values and norms are exhibited by employees based on their observations of what actually goes on in the organization.
Enacted
__________ values and norms are the preferred values and norms explicitly stated by the organization.
Espouses
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of programmed decisions?
Judgment and creativity are the basis of solution.
Which of the following is more closely associated with leadership than with management?
Motivating
Organizations pursuing a strategy of keeping costs and prices low usually try to develop a competitive advantage using which of the following?
Operational excellence
Which of the following is NOT one of the steps in forming equity perceptions?
Satisfy physiological needs before growth needs.
In the LPC theory, which of the following is appropriate for very favorable as well as very unfavorable situations?
Task-oriented behavior
Why does working in teams result in enhanced performance?
Teams pool individual efforts in new ways and strive for continuous improvement.
Which of the following is categorized as a formal group?
command
Which of the following is NOT one of the five basic group performance factors?
cooperation
If a business strategy and corporate culture are in conflict the __________ will win, regardless of the strength and effectiveness of the strategy.
culture
Organizations pursuing a specialization strategy often try to develop a competitive advantage based on
customer intimacy
Which of the following is the primary competitive advantage Costco has over Sam's Club, its closest competitor?
excellent customer experience
One's confidence in the ability to organize and execute the courses of action necessary to accomplish a specific task is called
self-efficacy
According to goal-setting theory, which of the following strategies is NOT likely to result in improved performance?
setting unspecified goals so that workers can establish their own measures
Businesses that use a __________ strategy focus on a narrow market segment or niche.
specialization
To gain a competitive advantage, a company must offer
superior value for the price.
A contingency plan specifies what will be done if __________.
the primary plan is disrupted
According to the LPC theory, a situation that has low position power, high task structure, and good leader-member relations is
very favorable
Organizational culture helps people in an organization understand
which actions are considered acceptable and which are considered unacceptable.
Uncertainty avoidance refers to the extent to which
workers prefer unambiguous situations.
