MQM 220 chap 15

Underestimating the influence of external factors and overestimating the influence of internal factors when making judgments about others is known as the ________. A) fundamental attribution error B) self-serving bias C) assumption of similarity D) halo effect

A

When people judge someone on the basis of the perception of a group they are a part of, they are using the shortcut called ________. A) stereotyping B) self-serving bias C) assumed similarity D) the halo effect

A

Which component of attitude is reflected in the sentence, This is the best way to reach the place? A) cognitive B) behavioral C) emotive D) affective

A

Which of the following is true for satisfied employees with high organizational commitment? A) lower rates of turnover and absenteeism B) higher rates of voluntary turnover C) higher rates of cognitive dissonance D) significantly higher pay levels

A

________ is a performance measure of both the efficiency and effectiveness of employees. A) Employee productivity B) Organizational citizenship behavior C) Job satisfaction D) Turnover

A

A test that Jake took at a career counseling session indicated that he preferred coordinated physical activity. He also turned out to be stable and conforming to expected standards. Which of the following occupations is likely to be a good match for Jake? A) counselor B) farmer C) biologist D) economist

B

Which of the following is true of a person who believes that the ends justify the means? A) He is likely to be low on self-confidence. B) He is likely to be high in Machiavellianism. C) He is likely to have an external locus of control. D) He is likely to be risk averse.

B

Holland's theory proposes that satisfaction is highest and turnover lowest when ________. A) the locus of control is external B) an employee is social and realistic C) personality and occupation are compatible D) an employee can adjust behavior to external factors

C

If everyone who's faced with a similar situation responds in the same way, we can say the behavior shows ________. A) reliability B) distinctiveness C) consensus D) internal attribution

C

If you like yourself, then your personality would be described as having ________. A) an internal locus of control B) a low Machiavellianism score C) high self-esteem D) an external locus of control

C

In ________, the observer's perception of others is influenced more by the observer's own characteristics than by those of the person observed. A) stereotyping B) self-serving bias C) assumed similarity D) the halo effect

C

Bridget prefers rule-regulated, orderly, and unambiguous activities. She doesn't have a lot of imagination but could be described as conforming and efficient. Which of the following describes Bridget's personality? A) social B) artistic C) enterprising D) conventional

D

Donna has just moved to the city from a small town and gets a job as an assistant in a law firm. Not being very familiar with the way things work in the corporate world, she watches her colleagues closely and tries to learn from their mistakes and achievements. This can be described as ________. A) stereotyping B) selectivity C) reflexive learning D) social learning

D

Doug himself is purposeful and an excellent planner. One thing that his team admires him for is his ability to sift through a whole lot of information to extract precisely what is needed for a job at hand. He is also a quick decision maker. Which of the following personality types does Doug fit into? A) sensing B) perceptive C) extraverted D) judging

D

Doug realizes that Alan's temperament is not well-suited to being a researcher. He tends to dislike doing the same thing twice and has no patience to sort out information step-by-step. As a result, he often jumps to conclusions. Alan is most likely a(n) ________ type of personality. A) sensing B) feeling C) introversion D) intuition

D

Emotional intelligence has been shown to be ________. A) negatively related to job performance at all levels B) negatively related to job performance in middle management only C) positively related to job performance only in government agencies D) positively related to job performance at all levels

D

If you are a good planner and purposeful, you would probably score high on the ________ trait of MBTI®. A) extraversion B) perceiving C) introversion D) judging

D

If you believe that you control your own destiny, which of the following personality traits are you likely to possess? A) external locus of control B) risk aversion C) high self-esteem D) internal locus of control

D

If your boss could be described as flexible, adaptable, and tolerant, he or she would probably score high on which of the following aspects of the MBTI®? A) extraversion B) sensing C) feeling D) perceiving

D

In the statement, The highway is very busy at 5 p.m. and is scary to drive on, so I'll wait until 7 p.m. to go home, the word; scary; represents which component of an attitude? A) cognitive B) behavioral C) practical D) affective

D

James is a very hardworking person and has just been promoted to the managerial ranks. His managerial style is to be flexible and understanding and not boss over his employees too much. He believes that people who are hardworking will always make sure that the work gets done on time. Even when he is out of office, he supposes that his subordinates are working diligently because he works diligently most of the time. James' perceptions of his employees are based on ________. A) stereotyping B) selectivity C) halo effect D) assumed similarity

D

Sarah, the floor supervisor, seems to be a different person depending on whom she is with and what the situation demands. She has the ability to adjust her behavior as and when required. This indicates that she ________. A) has low self-esteem B) is low on Machiavellianism C) has a high risk appetite D) is high in self-monitoring

D

The Big Five Model of personality includes ________. A) intuition B) judgement C) perception D) extraversion

D

The regular use of ________ can alert managers to potential problems and employees; intentions early enough to do something about them. A) dissonance reduction B) performance incentives C) employee benefit plans D) attitude surveys

D

Though clearly capable, Mary does not seem very confident of herself. She is always unsure of whether she can handle assignments that are difficult and as a result ends up choosing jobs that are fairly straight forward and involve routine work. She is also susceptible to evaluations from other people. Mary seems to have ________. A) high cognitive dissonance B) a high Machiavellianism score C) low self-monitoring D) low self-esteem

D

When Darrin went to a career counselor, Joanna, he took a test that would allow the counselor to gain an insight into his personality. After speaking to Darrin and analyzing his answers in the test, Joanna realized that he is curious by nature. He preferred activities that involved understanding and organizing, and that he is basically analytical. Which of the following occupations is a potentially good match for him? A) painter B) farmer C) social worker D) news reporter

D

When a manager molds an individual's behavior by guiding his or her learning in graduated steps, he is using ________. A) retention processes B) motor reproduction processes C) attentional processes D) shaping processes

D

Which of the following is associated with the study of individuals? A) norms B) roles C) team building D) perception

D

Which of the following is true according to the MBTI®? A) Introverted types are practical and prefer routine and order. B) Feeling types use reason and logic to handle problems. C) Perceiving types are rigid and structured. D) Judging types want control and prefer their world to be ordered.

D

Which of the following is true for Gen Y workers? A) They are accepting of the prevailing order and style of working and easily fit into it. B) They have a deep-seated need for boundaries and structure and dislike multitasking. C) They are dedicated workers and follow office rules and dress codes strictly. D) They are knowledgeable and willing workers, but do not compromise on their personal lives.

D

Which of the following is true for organizational citizenship behavior (OCB)? A) OCB is a performance measure of efficiency. B) The requirements of OCB are spelt out in employee job profiles. C) OCB studies the behavior leading to permanent withdrawal from an organization. D) OCB is discretionary behavior which promotes the effective functioning of the organization.

D

________ is the process of organizing and interpreting sensory impressions to give meaning to the environment. A) Attribution B) Selection C) Learning D) Perception

D

________ is the tendency for individuals to attribute their own successes to internal factors such as ability or effort while putting the blame for personal failure on external factors such as luck. A) Assumed similarity B) Stereotyping C) Fundamental attribution error D) Self-serving bias

D

The three components that make up an attitude are ________ components. A) cognitive, affective, and behavioral B) active, behavioral, and adjustable C) emotional, creative, and environmental D) intentional, reactive, and adjustable

A

According to research, employees who have a high internal locus of control ________. A) exhibit more satisfaction with their jobs than externals B) are more alienated from their work setting than externals C) are less involved in their jobs as compared to externals D) blame their bosses for poor performance more often than externals

A

Anna has recently been promoted to the managerial ranks which has increased her interaction with the senior managers at her company. She realizes that Peter, her assistant manager, exhibits a distinct lack of emotional involvement with his colleagues and subordinates. His entire focus is on achieving the goals he sets, no matter what the course he has to take to get there. These traits lead Anna to conclude that Peter ________. A) is high on Machiavellianism B) has low self-esteem C) is high on self-monitoring D) has high cognitive dissonance

A

Doug has recently been promoted and is now the manager of a team of researchers. All of his subordinates are well educated and have been with the company for a minimum of three years. In an attempt to learn more about the employees and to better assign them to jobs that they will enjoy, he has administered the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)®. 89) Doug noted that Sandy is very good at precise work. He does not tire of repetitive work as easily as some of the others. However, when faced with a new problem that requires an innovative solution, his performance is not satisfactory. Sandy's personality is likely to be classified as a(n) ________ type. A) sensing B) feeling C) introvert D) intuitive

A

People who identify opportunities, show initiative, take action, and persevere until meaningful change occurs are said to have ________ personalities. A) proactive B) self-aware C) resilient D) agreeable

A

The cognitive dissonance theory proposes that the intensity of the desire to reduce dissonance is determined by ________. A) importance, influence, and rewards B) economics, politics, and organizational structure C) stability, position, and power D) awareness, status, and punishments

A

The component of attitude that includes beliefs and opinions is the ________ component. A) cognitive B) behavioral C) affective D) practical

A

The degree to which an employee identifies with his or her job or actively participates in it refers to the employees ________. A) job involvement B) organizational commitment C) global commitment D) job satisfaction

A

The influence of models depends on how well an individual remembers the models behavior. This refers to the individuals ________. A) retention process B) motor reproduction process C) attentional process D) reinforcement process

A

After watching a behavior in a social learning situation, a person can learn by performing the behavior. This is known as learning by ________. A) retention B) motor reproduction C) attention D) reinforcement

B

An individual who is high in ________ is pragmatic, maintains emotional distance, and believes that ends can justify means. A) self-esteem B) Machiavellianism C) self-monitoring D) risk taking

B

Andrew is social, friendly, and understanding, and prefers activities that involve helping and developing others. Which of the following occupations is a potentially good match for him? A) accountant B) teacher C) artist D) news reporter

B

Eliminating any reinforcement that's maintaining an undesirable behavior is called ________. A) penalizing B) extinction C) punishment D) extraction

B

George, one of Doug's researchers, gets along well with most people in the team. He is good at his job but needs to be reassured once in a while. Another trait Doug notices is that George is always trying to keep everyone happy. George can be described as a(n) ________ personality. A) sensing B) feeling C) introverted D) intuitive

B

If an employee does not exhibit a desired behavior, a manager might use ________. A) negative reinforcement to increase the recurrence of the behavior B) shaping to guide the employee to learn the desired behavior C) positive reinforcement by reducing the threat of a punishment D) reflexive behavior to encourage positive results

B

In the Big Five Model of personality, ________ refers to the degree to which someone is good-natured, cooperative, and trusting. A) extraversion B) agreeableness C) conscientiousness D) emotional stability

B

In the statement, The highway is very busy at 5 p.m. and is scary to drive on, so I'll wait until 7 p.m. to go home, the phrase, so I'll wait until 7 p.m. to go home; represents which component of an attitude? A) cognitive B) behavioral C) emotive D) affective

B

Individual behavior in organizations includes ________. A) strategies, norms, and roles B) attitudes, learning, and motivation C) structure, culture, and team building D) policies and procedures

B

The ability to sense how others are feeling is known as ________. A) emotional stability B) empathy C) resilience D) self-awareness

B

The degree to which an employee identifies with a particular organization and its goals and wishes to maintain membership in the organization is the employee ________. A) job involvement B) organizational commitment C) global commitment D) organizational citizenship

B

When someone chooses to act in a certain way, she is demonstrating the ________ component of her attitude. A) cognitive B) behavioral C) affective D) practices

B

A person who believes that what happens to him is due to luck or chance is said to have a(n) ________. A) internal locus of control B) Machiavellian personality C) external locus of control D) self-monitoring personality

C

A person who can adapt and adjust behavior to external factors has ________. A) low self-esteem B) an internal locus of control C) high self-monitoring D) high risk-taking ability

C

Bill, a manager at a consulting firm, has been keenly analyzing the performance of a new recruit who turns out to be extremely intelligent. He concludes that she will be a good manager in the future even though her interpersonal skills are not half as impressive. This conclusion on Bill's part seems to be the result of ________. A) stereotyping B) selectivity C) the halo effect D) assumed similarity

C

By using ________, we form a general impression about a person based on only a single characteristic, such as intelligence or appearance. A) stereotyping B) selectivity C) the halo effect D) assumed similarity

C

In the Big Five Model of personality, conscientiousness refers to ________. A) the degree to which someone is calm, enthusiastic, and secure (positive) or tense, nervous, depressed, and insecure (negative) B) the degree to which someone is sociable, talkative, assertive, and comfortable in relationships with others C) the degree to which someone is reliable, responsible, dependable, persistent, and achievement oriented D) the degree of influence the individual believes he or she has over certain factors

C

In the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI); personality types are those who ________. A) like solving new problems and dislike doing the same thing over and over again B) use reason and logic to handle problems C) have a high need for closure and show patience with routine details D) are outgoing, social, and assertive

C

Kevin is a whirlwind as a research and development supervisor. His colleagues are surprised that even though he makes decisions very quickly and always with less information than others, his decisions are as good as anybody else's. This information implies that Kevin has ________. A) an external locus of control B) low Machiavellianism C) high risk-taking ability D) low cognitive dissonance

C

Mary is not happy with her current job. She dislikes having to convince prospective customers to buy products that she believes are inferior to others in the market. In her opinion, the lower quality products are overpriced. However, she has sales targets for all products, superior or otherwise, that she must meet in order to receive her commission. 88) Although Mary tries to meet the target sales for all products, she is torn between her beliefs and the actions she must take. This inconsistency or incompatibility is known as ________. A) negative feedback B) difficult objectives C) cognitive dissonance D) management by objectives

C

People with high self-esteem ________. A) are more prone to conform to the beliefs of those they respect B) are more likely to seek approval from others C) are more likely to take unpopular stands D) are more susceptible to external influence

C

The ________ component of attitude is based on emotions. A) cognitive B) behavioral C) affective D) practical

C

The study of group behavior includes the study of ________. A) perception, motivation, and learning B) attitudes and personality C) norms, roles, and leadership D) organization structure and culture

C

What is a key point of Holland's theory? A) There are no intrinsic differences in personality among individuals. B) All jobs are relatively the same, it is personality types that differ. C) People in job environments compatible with their personality types should be more satisfied. D) Employee turnover is highest when personality and occupation are compatible.

C

Which of the following managerial styles will Gen Y workers approve of and respond to? A) authoritarian B) paternal C) flexible D) dictatorial

C

________ behavior is voluntary or learned behavior. A) Reflexive B) Dissonant C) Operant D) Reactive

C

________ is a personality trait that measures an individual's ability to adjust his or her behavior according to external situational factors. A) Machiavellianism B) Self-esteem C) Self-monitoring D) Locus of control

C

________ is defined as the failure to report to work. A) Turnover B) Tardiness C) Absenteeism D) Negligence

C

________ is employees; general belief that their organization values their contribution and cares about their well-being. A) Job involvement B) Organizational commitment C) Perceived organizational support D) Cognitive dissonance

C

________ theory explains how we judge people differently depending on what meaning we ascribe to a given behavior. A) Perception B) Behavior C) Attribution D) Social contrast

C

A manager makes decisions very quickly and requires little information for making the decisions. Which of the following is a likely reason for this? A) The manager has low self-esteem. B) The manager has an external locus of control. C) The manager is high in emotional stability. D) The manager is high in risk-taking

D

According to the Big Five Model of personality, a person who has a wide range of interests and is imaginative, fascinated with novelty, artistically sensitive, and intellectual is described as ________. A) conscientious B) extraverted C) emotionally stable D) open to experience

D

As a manager, if you prefer to have a harmonious work environment and dislike reprimanding your subordinates, you would probably score high on the ________ aspect of the MBTI®. A) perception B) thinking C) intuition D) feeling

D