MQM 220 Exam 2
Which of the following is a key distinction of how an entrepreneurial venture is different from a small business? A. An entrepreneurial venture is independently owned. B. An entrepreneurial venture has fewer than 100 employees. C. An entrepreneurial venture offers self-employment. D. An entrepreneurial venture is characterized by innovative practices. E. An entrepreneurial venture is publically traded.
An entrepreneurial venture is characterized by innovative practices.
Which of the following would be described as an organic organization? A. An organizational design that groups similar or related occupational specialties together B. An organizational structure made up of separate business units or divisions C. An organization that is highly adaptive and flexible D. An organization with low departmentalization, wide spans of control, centralized authority, and little formalization E. An organizational design that is hierarchical, rigid, and tightly controlled
An organization that is highly adaptive and flexible
All of the following statements are true concerning the importance of human resource management EXCEPT whichone? A. People-oriented HRM creates superior shareholder value. B. The way an organization treats their people can significantly impact organizational performance. C. HRM is a significant source of competitive advantage. D. An understanding of HRM should be solely the domain of people who work in the HR department. E. The importance of HRM is true for both U.S. and international companies.
An understanding of HRM should be solely the domain of people who work in the HR department.
Which of the following areas of a business plan is likely to address any broad trends in the technological environment? A. Description of the business B. Executive summary C. Analysis of opportunity D. Analysis of context E. Financial data and projections
Analysis of context
Which statement about valid and reliable selection devices is FALSE? A. Federal managers cannot use test scores for hiring purposes unless evidence indicates that once on the job, high-scoring individuals outperform low-scoring individuals. B. A reliable selection device measures the same thing consistently over time. C. Managers must show a selection device is validly related to job performance. D. A proven relationship exists between the selection device and some relevant criterion. E. Any single individual's score on a device may shift dramatically over time, but that is to be expected.
Any single individual's score on a device may shift dramatically over time, but that is to be expected.
Which statement is true about variable pay systems? A. An employee's tenure determines compensation. B. They reward employees for the job skills they can demonstrate. C. They tend to be more successful in manufacturing organizations than in service organizations D. An individual's compensation is linked to performance. E. They are not very popular in either the U.S. or Canada.
An individual's compensation is linked to performance.
What happens to the structure of a small company when employees are added? A. The structure will become loose because there are more employees to do the work. B. Levels of management will be eliminated to streamline the company. C. Departmentalization will decrease as highly skilled people perform a variety of work. D. As the company becomes larger, it will become more specialized. E. The company will have a simpler structure.
As the company becomes larger, it will become more specialized.
________ are evaluative statements concerning objects, people, or events that reflect how an individual feels about something. A. Perceptions B. Principles C. Emotions D. Attitudes E. Norms
Attitudes
Which of the following decruitment options involves reducing the workforce by simply not filling openings created by voluntary resignations or normal retirements? A. Firing B. Layoffs C. Attrition D. Transfers E. Early retirements
Attrition
For many organizations, which issue concerning sexual harassment is problematic? A. Creating an anti-harassment policy B. The costs C. Being aware of what constitutes a hostile or offensive environment D. The lawsuits E. The undermining of workers' ability to perform their jobs
Being aware of what constitutes a hostile or offensive environment
What is meant by the phrase "brand YOU"? A. Brand YOU refers to creating an identity with your work. B. Brand YOU refers to symbols and graphics posted on your résumé. C. Brand YOU refers to your responsibility to develop your own career. D. Brand YOU is an iconic shoe brand in Europe. E. Brand YOU refers to keeping your independence from the firm.
Brand YOU refers to your responsibility to develop your own career.
Which of the following is NOT a demographic trend predicted to occur in the future for the United States? A. The 55-and-older age group will grow from 16.3 percent of the labor force to 24.8 percent by 2024. B. By 2050, the number of Asians in the workforce will decrease from 11 percent of the workforce to 5 percent. C. By 2024, Hispanics will grow from today's 13 percent of the workforce to 19.8 percent. D. Changes in technology will probably create an imbalance between employer needs and applicant skill sets. E. The percentage of Gen Y members in the workforce will increase.
By 2050, the number of Asians in the workforce will decrease from 11 percent of the workforce to 5 percent.
Which of the following forms of business ownership does not encounter a tax treatment that involves income/losses passing through the owner(s)/partners and taxed at a personal rate? A. LLC B. C corporation C. S corporation D. General partnership E. Sole proprietorship
C corporation
Which of the following is true about labor unions? A. Labor unions primarily represent organizational interests. B. In more industrialized countries the rate of unionization in private enterprise is increasing. C. Collective bargaining agreements usually define criteria for hiring, promotions, and layoffs. D. In more industrialized countries, the rate of unionization in the public sector is decreasing. E. In the United State there is a higher rate of unionization than there is in Japan.
Collective bargaining agreements usually define criteria for hiring, promotions, and layoffs.
People in the office know that if you need something done, you can count on Shanna. She is detail-oriented, thorough, and her work is always completed on time. Which of the personality traits in the Big Five Model would this bestillustrate? A. Agreeableness B. Extraversion C. Openness to experience D. Conscientiousness E. Emotional stability
Conscientiousness Conscientiousness is the degree to which someone is reliable, responsible, dependable, persistent, and achievement-oriented.
Which of the following statements about the Big Five Model is correct? A. Openness to experience is the degree to which someone is comfortable in relationships with others. B. Conscientiousness is the degree to which someone is reliable, responsible, and achievement oriented. C. Agreeableness is the degree to which someone is calm, enthusiastic, and secure. D. Extraversion is the degree to which someone is imaginative and intellectual. E. Emotional stability is the degree to which someone is cooperative and trusting.
Conscientiousness is the degree to which someone is reliable, responsible, and achievement oriented.
Jeff works as a litigation paralegal. He is an independent contractor and works for a law firm involved in a major lawsuit only for the duration of the lawsuit. When the lawsuit is over, he moves on to find another position, perhaps with another law firm or with the same firm on a different lawsuit. Which term best describes this arrangement? A. Flextime B. Contingent worker C. A compressed workweek D. Telecommuting E. Job sharing
Contingent worker
Which of these statements best defines organizational design? A. Grouping common jobs together B. Engaging in accomplishing long-term goals C. Dividing work activities into distinct job tasks D. Creating the structure of an organization E. Allowing top managers to make decisions
Creating the structure of an organization
What is the hardest part of preparing to exit a venture? A. Screening potential buyers B. Deciding who will sell the business C. Determining the correct valuation of the venture D. Deciding whether to tell employees before or after the sale. E. Considering the tax implications
Determining the correct valuation of the venture
Which of the following is NOT an exit option for an entrepreneur? A. Devalue the business B. Merge C. Treat it as a cash cow D. Liquidate E. Initiate an IPO
Devalue the business
In sexual harassment suits, which question is important for the court system to determine? A. Did the immediate supervisor personally know the accuser and the accused? B. What is the gender of the person filing the suit? C. Was the immediate supervisor aware of the intention to file a law suit? D. How long has the person filing the suit worked at the organization? E. Did the employer organization know about the alleged behavior?
Did the employer organization know about the alleged behavior?
Samir called his line workers into the office and said, "I want to put the rules on the table so there's no misunderstanding. If you're late, you lose a half-day's pay. If you miss your production quota more than twice in oneweek, you're fired." How would Samir's leadership style be characterized using the path-goal theory? A. Achievement-oriented leader B. Directive leader C. Laissez-faire leader D. Participative leader E. Supportive leader
Directive leader
The organizational structure of Dixon Industries consists of separate business units that each has limited autonomy. What type of structure is used by Dixon? A. Simple structure B. Cross-functional structure C. Functional structure D. Organic structure E. Divisional structure
Divisional structure
All of the following are questions entrepreneurs might ask themselves when they evaluate marketplace considerations for potential ideas EXCEPT ________. A. How will potential customers purchase your product? B. Who are your potential customers? C. Do you have a realistic picture of the venture's potential? D. How does your product compare to others in the market? E. Have you considered pricing issues?
Do you have a realistic picture of the venture's potential?
Which of these methods is commonly used to gather performance information in call centers or jobs where tasks are often completed on computers? A. MBO B. 360-degree appraisal C. Electronic performance monitoring D. Graphic Rating Scale E. BARS
Electronic performance monitoring
Which statement about learning is most likely FALSE? A. Employees rarely model their workplace behaviors after managers. B. Managers should assume that they are setting examples for workplace behavior. C. Managers need to decide if they are going to manage employees' learning through rewards and examples, or allow it to occur unsystematically. D. Productive employees may change their behavior if they see few performance rewards. E. Employees rewarded for a certain behavior will eventually learn to engage in this behavior, whether it is desired or not.
Employees rarely model their workplace behaviors after managers.
What is the major goal of the first three activities of the HRM process? A. Ensuring that competent employees are identified and selected B. Informing workers of the organizational mission C. Disciplining workers who don't follow organizational policies D. Providing employees with up-to-date knowledge and skills E. Ensuring that the organization retains competent and high-performing employees
Ensuring that competent employees are identified and selected
What are two steps that managers need to implement before selecting a competitive strategy? A. Five forces model and SWOT analysis B. Analysis of price and promotion initiatives C. Analysis of the product line and the distribution strategies D. Marketing plan and competitive analysis E. Budgeting model and financial analysis
Five forces model and SWOT analysis
Which of the following is LEAST likely an issue facing leaders today? A. Establishing credibility and trust with employees B. Striving to become an effective leader C. Focusing on the use of one leadership style D. Managing different forms of power E. Empowering organization members
Focusing on the use of one leadership style
At Robins Manufacturing, there are separate departments for accounting, manufacturing, engineering, purchasing, human resources, and sales/marketing. Based on this information, what type of organizational structure does Robins Manufacturing most likely have? A. Divisional structure B. Network structure C. Functional structure D. Simple structure E. Matrix structure
Functional structure
Which of the following forms of business organizations has two or more owners who share business management and risk but also have unlimited personal liability? A. S corporation B. C corporation C. LLC D. General partnership E. LLP
General partnership
How does strategy affect a company's structure? A. Strategy creates a more centralized decision-making process. B. Goals are an important part of a company's strategy, and the structure of the company should reflect its goals. C. There is no relationship between a company's strategy and its structure. D. Strategy affects a company's structure by determining the span of control. E. Strategy affects structure by creating formalization.
Goals are an important part of a company's strategy, and the structure of the company should reflect its goals.
Which of these areas is NOT identified as potential problems that entrepreneurs needs to closely monitor and for which they should develop controls to be able to rapidly respond? A. Accounting and finance B. Employee performance C. Competition D. Government regulations E. Customer relationships
Government regulations
Which statement concerning human resource management (HRM) is FALSE? A. HRM is a key component of organizational strategies. B. The way that firms treat their employees impacts organizational performance. C. HRM is a major source of competitive advantage. D. High-performance work practices improve a firm's ability to adapt to changing markets. E. HRM is important in U.S. firms but insignificant in foreign firms.
HRM is important in U.S. firms but insignificant in foreign firms.
Which of the following is an example of organizational citizenship behavior? A. Helping another member of your work team B. Finishing training that is necessary for the job C. Attending mandatory work meetings D. Working the hours required for the job E. Performing the tasks that your boss assigns
Helping another member of your work team
In terms of the BCG (Boston Consulting Group) matrix, which of the following best describes cash cows? A. High market share/low anticipated growth rate B. High market share/high anticipated growth rate C. Low market share/low anticipated growth rate D. High market share/moderate anticipated growth rate E. Low market share/high anticipated growth rate
High market share/low anticipated growth rate
Which of these questions is NOT commonly addressed in a mission statement? A. How will employees be compensated? B. Who are the firm's customers? C. What markets does the firm intend to serve? D. Are the employees considered a valuable asset? E. What are the firm's major products or services?
How will employees be compensated?
What are the six steps of the strategic management process? A. Identifying the mission, external analysis, internal analysis, formulating strategies, implementing strategies, and evaluating the results B. Defining goals, research, cash flows, income statements, approval, and implementation C. SWOT, plan approval, marketing, planning, risk assessments, and evaluating the results D. Balancing accounts, mission statements, goals, SWOT, cash flows, and research E. Mission statement, goals, marketing plans, product analysis, evaluation, and SWOT
Identifying the mission, external analysis, internal analysis, formulating strategies, implementing strategies, and evaluating the results
Which statement about effective managers as leaders is correct? A. Managers should keep their distance from those they are leading. B. Managers must follow one leadership approach in every situation they encounter. C. A manager should not be concerned with being a leader. D. In most situations, the most effective managers have a high concern for production and people. E. A manager should not be concerned with building trust with the group.
In most situations, the most effective managers have a high concern for production and people.
Which of these types of leaders have NOT been the focus of most leadership research? A. Influential leaders B. Informal leaders C. Effective leaders D. Formal leaders E. Managerial leaders
Informal leaders
Which of the following reflects task-oriented behaviors? A. LMX's in-group B. A democratic style C. Consideration D. Initiating structure E. Participative behaviors
Initiating structure
When he joined the accounting department, Mark spent two weeks learning the payroll system in the organization. He then was assigned to the accounts payable department for a few weeks, and finally to the accounts receivable department so he would have a solid base of knowledge in all of the accounting functions in the company. What term best describes Mark's activities? A. Mentoring and coaching B. Organizational orientation C. Apprenticeship D. Work unit orientation E. Job rotation
Job rotation
________ is a training method where employees work at different stations and gain exposure to a variety of tasks. A. Job rotation B. Mentoring C. Mobile learning D. Experiential exercise E. Virtual reality
Job rotation
Christy and Laurie co-teach the same 1st-grade class. Christy teaches the class on Monday, Wednesday, and Friday. Laurie teaches on Tuesday and Thursday. They each receive a pro-rated portion of the traditional full-time position's salary and benefits. Which term best describes this arrangement? A. Flextime B. Job sharing C. Contingent workers D. A compressed workweek E. Telecommuting
Job sharing Job sharing is the practice of having two or more people split a full-time job.
Which of these examples represents an asset valuation method? A. Juan sold his business for 4.5 times last year's profits. B. Juan's publicly traded firm is selling at a price-to-earnings (P/E) ratio of 12. C. Juan sold his business for 10 times the average revenue for the past three years. D. Juan's friend offered him $450,000 for the firm's assets plus 2 times the most recent year's earnings. E. Juan sold his business for $450,000 since that was the market value of his equipment and the business had zero debt.
Juan sold his business for $450,000 since that was the market value of his equipment and the business had zero debt. (asset valuation method = assets - liabilities)
Which statement about leader-member exchange theory (LMX) is correct? A. LMX asserts that individuals in the out-group will have higher performance ratings than individuals in thein-group. B. LMX relationships stay together when followers exhibit an internal locus of control. C. LMX suggests that early in a relationship a leader categorizes a follower as either "in" or "out." D. LMX asserts that the follower does the choosing between the in-group and the out-group. E. LMX includes evidence that shows in-group members have demographic and gender differences with the leader.
LMX suggests that early in a relationship a leader categorizes a follower as either "in" or "out."
Which of the following was NOT one of the four main leader behavior studies? A. Ohio State study B. University of Michigan study C. University of Iowa study D. Leadership traits theory E. The managerial grid
Leadership traits theory
Which type of power originates from a person's position in the organization and is very broad in scope? A. Reward power B. Referent power C. Coercive power D. Expert power E. Legitimate power
Legitimate power
Which of the following is NOT considered a potential problem requiring monitoring and control? A. Maintain regular contact with top recruiters for talent. B. Maintain regular contact with customers. C. Monitor employee performance. D. Keep a close eye on the numbers. E. Monitor the competition and potential competition.
Maintain regular contact with top recruiters for talent.
Which statement about a project structure is true? A. Project structures are slowed down by hierarchies. B. Managers act as coaches to employees. C. Teams are based on formal organizational hierarchy. D. Project structures are rigid. E. Employees are assigned permanently to departmental teams.
Managers act as coaches to employees.
Which factor applies only to matrix organizations? A. Matrix organizations are made up of teams. B. Matrix organizations are not limited by levels and hierarchies. C. Matrix organizations have a unity of command. D. Matrix organizations are boundaryless. E. Matrix organization employees have two managers.
Matrix organization employees have two managers.
Which of the following is a characteristic of a mechanistic organization? A. Highly adaptive B. Narrow span of control C. Free-flowing information D. Cross-functional teams E. Loose structure
Narrow span of control
Which of the following is a hidden issue of an organization? A. Technology B. Procedures C. Chain of command D. Goals E. Norms
Norms
Which of the following statements is correct concerning the number of employees and a company's structure? A. Small organizations are the least affected when more employees are added. B. There is no evidence that size affects a company's structure. C. Once a company has about 2,000 employees, it is quite mechanistic and can no longer be organic. D. Once a company has 500 employees it can no longer be organic. E. If a company has less than 1,500 employees, it can only be organic.
Once a company has about 2,000 employees, it is quite mechanistic and can no longer be organic.
Which statement about mechanistic and organic organizations is true? A. Organic organizations are centralized, and mechanistic organizations are decentralized. B. Mechanistic organizations can adjust to changing environments more than organic organizations. C. Mechanistic organizations have low formalization, and organic organizations have high formalization. D. Organic organizations are flexible, and mechanistic organizations are stable. E. Organic organizations have standardized jobs, and mechanistic organizations are adaptive.
Organic organizations are flexible, and mechanistic organizations are stable.
When new employees join the company, HR specialist Angelica gives them a brief tour of the facility and then spends several hours introducing them to the company's history, goals, and philosophies and providing them with an overview of HR policies. What term best describes Angelica's activities? A. On-the-job training B. Apprenticeship C. Organization orientation D. Mentoring and coaching E. Work unit orientation
Organization orientation
Which statement about organizational behavior is FALSE? A. Organizational behavior focuses on the actions of people at work. B. Organizational behavior attempts to predict employee behavior. C. Organizational behavior considers individual and group behavior. D. Organizational behavior deals with issues that are hidden or less obvious. E. Organizational behavior is the study of the general behavior of the overall population.
Organizational behavior is the study of the general behavior of the overall population.
Which of the following employee benefits would LEAST likely be considered a family-friendly benefit? A. Job sharing B. Subsidized child care C. Telecommuting D. Pension plan E. Flextime
Pension plan
Which of the following statements is true regarding attribution theory? A. People tend to underestimate the influence of external factors, which is part of the fundamental attribution error. B. The self-serving bias suggests that feedback provided to employees in performance reviews will not bedistorted, regardless of whether it is positive or negative. C. Self-serving bias is the tendency to put the blame for personal failure on internal factors, such as ability or effort. D. Self-serving bias is the tendency to attribute our own successes to external factors, such as luck. E. People tend to overestimate the influence of external factors, which is part of the fundamental attribution error.
People tend to underestimate the influence of external factors, which is part of the fundamental attribution error.
Which activity within the HRM process involves retaining competent and high-performing employees? A. Performance evaluation B. Selection C. Orientation D. Training E. Human resource planning
Performance evaluation
What type of personality describes someone with a disposition toward taking intentional action to influence their situation or environment? A. Reactive B. Arrogant C. Proactive D. Persistent E. Submissive
Proactive
________ is the most technically complex production process that lends itself to an organic structure. A. Process production B. Unit production C. Large-batch production D. Mass production E. Small-batch production
Process production
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a proactive personality? A. Take initiative to act on opportunities they see B. Demonstrate persistence until they reach their goals C. Resist delegating to others D. Strongly believe they are masters of their own fate E. Embrace and drive change
Resist delegating to others
Which of the following statements is correct regarding the University of Iowa studies and the leadership styles theyidentified? A. The democratic style leader let the group make decisions and complete the work in whatever way it saw fit. B. The autocratic style leader involved employees in decision making, delegated authority, and used feedback as an opportunity for coaching employees. C. The laissez-faire style leader dictated work methods, made unilateral decisions, and limited employee participation. D. The studies explored two leadership styles to find which was the most effective. E. Results showed that group members were more satisfied under a democratic leader than under an autocratic one.
Results showed that group members were more satisfied under a democratic leader than under an autocratic one.
Which kind of legal organization has the regular characteristics of a C corporation but owners are taxed as a partnership as long as certain established criteria are met? A. Sole proprietorship B. Limited liability partnership (LLP) C. General partnership D. Limited liability company (LLC) E. S corporation
S corporation
________ is the practice of screening applicants to determine which job candidate is best qualified for the job. A. Recruitment B. Selection C. Hiring D. Decruitment E. Identification
Selection
A mom-and-pop dog grooming salon with three employees is most likely to adopt which of the following organizationaldesigns? A. Matrix structure B. Simple structure C. Functional structure D. Network structure E. Divisional structure
Simple structure (low departmentalization, wide spans of control, authority centralized in a single person, and little formalization.)
Which dimension of emotional intelligence refers to a person's ability to handle the emotions of others? A. Self-motivation B. Social skills C. Empathy D. Self-management E. Self-awareness
Social skills
Liz owns a small technology firm where she has sole control and has personal liability for any business debts that arise. This is an example of which form of legal organization? A. Closely held corporation B. Limited liability company (LLC) C. S corporation D. General partnership E. Sole proprietorship
Sole proprietorship
Which definition best defines a leader? A. Someone who can efficiently organize and plan work activities B. Someone who has received management training C. Someone who can create and monitor a work group D. Someone with managerial authority who has the ability to influence others E. Someone who provides assistance to co-workers and subordinates
Someone with managerial authority who has the ability to influence others
________ refers to how many workers a supervisor can effectively and efficiently supervise. A. Responsibility B. Unity of command C. Formalization D. Span of control E. Departmentalization
Span of control
Juan is currently planning and organizing a new entrepreneurial business. This is which step in the entrepreneurial process? A. Managing the venture B. Exploring the entrepreneurial context C. Identifying opportunities and possible competitive advantages D. Harvesting E. Starting the venture
Starting the venture
Which of the following best describes strategic management? A. Strategic management is focused solely on increasing revenues for the company. B. Strategic management consists solely of the business model a company uses to carry out its functions. C. Strategic management is a tool that only CEOs use. D. Strategic management is solely focused on the development of a competitive advantage. E. Strategic management is a task that managers perform to develop the company's strategies.
Strategic management is a task that managers perform to develop the company's strategies.
What did one survey find to be the major source of ideas for entrepreneurial ventures? A. External environmental sectors B. Looking at familiar products C. Looking at unfamiliar products D. Personal interests E. Sudden insight or chance
Sudden insight or chance
Which of the following is NOT a strength of a simple structure? A. Fast B. Clear accountability C. Suitable for large firms D. Inexpensive to maintain E. Flexible
Suitable for large firms
The least-preferred coworker (LPC) questionnaire to gauge leadership style forms a fundamental part of which theory ofleadership? A. Leader-member exchange (LMX) theory B. The Ohio State studies C. Situational leadership theory D. The path-goal model E. The Fiedler model
The Fiedler model
Which of these statements about the effect of environment on structure is NOT true? A. When facing an economic downturn, a company would be better off with an organic structure. B. A stable environment facing little uncertainty would find mechanistic designs more effective. C. Managers can minimize uncertainty by adjusting the company's structure. D. Companies that have organic structures can meet the changing needs of customers better than mechanistic organizations. E. The air travel industry is a stable industry and should use a mechanistic design.
The air travel industry is a stable industry and should use a mechanistic design.
Which of the following statements concerning personality traits is FALSE? A. Employees with an external locus of control are less satisfied with their jobs. B. People with high self-esteem tend to be more satisfied with their jobs than those with low self-esteem. C. The decision accuracy of managers is higher for low-risk takers than for high-risk takers. D. Someone who is high in Machiavellianism most likely has effective bargaining skills. E. High self-monitors can keep a distinction between their public personalities and private lives.
The decision accuracy of managers is higher for low-risk takers than for high-risk takers.
What is one of the most common causes for a new business' failure? A. The inability for the entrepreneur to provide the required leadership B. The decline in demand for the product or service C. The entrepreneur's lack of self-confidence D. The failure to set clear goals for the business E. The lack of financial backing
The inability for the entrepreneur to provide the required leadership
Which statement is FALSE about social learning theory? A. Social learning theory is the view that people can learn through both observation and direct experience. B. The influence of the individual's own opinions is central to the social learning viewpoint. C. Motor reproduction processes demonstrate that the individual can do activities after observing a model performing them. D. Reinforcement processes involve positive incentives or rewards. E. When it comes to attentional processes, people are most influenced by models who are attractive.
The influence of the individual's own opinions is central to the social learning viewpoint.
Which of the following studies is correctly paired with its research focus? A. The University of Iowa studies identified two dimensions of leader behavior—initiating structure and consideration. B. The Ohio State studies identified two dimensions of leader behavior—initiating structure and emotion. C. The University of Michigan studies explored three leadership styles. D. The managerial grid focused on leaders' concern for production and concern for people. E. The University of Michigan studies looked at employee-oriented leaders and managerial-oriented leaders.
The managerial grid focused on leaders' concern for production and concern for people.
Which of these conditions is a characteristic of an organic organization? A. The number of formal rules is significant. B. The organization has a loose structure. C. Many managers are needed because of departmentalization. D. Workers perform routine, specialized tasks. E. The span of control is kept small.
The organization has a loose structure.
Which statement concerning sexual harassment is most likely FALSE? A. The organizational monetary costs of sexual harassment are minimal. B. Sexual harassment is a problem for firms both inside and outside of the United States. C. Sexual harassment undermines workers' ability to perform tasks. D. Sexual harassment costs firms in terms of absenteeism and turnover. E. The majority of people filing sexual harassment suits are women.
The organizational monetary costs of sexual harassment are minimal.
Which of the following is LEAST likely to be an external factor that influences the HRM process? A. The personal sympathies of the president of the organization B. Demographic trends C. The legal environment D. The economy of the environment in which the organization works E. The influence of employee labor unions
The personal sympathies of the president of the organization
Which of these statements about Woodward's study on the effect of technology on structure is FALSE? A. This study was the first to be done on technology's effect on structure. B. The study covered companies with varying levels of technological complexity. C. Process production is the most technically complex category in the study. D. The research was divided into three categories: unit, mass, and process production. E. The study found no link between technology and structure.
The study found no link between technology and structure.
Which of the following statements about career development trends is true? A. Companies are taking charge of employees' brand. B. Companies are reducing their internship programs. C. Large companies are offering more career development workshops. D. Few companies today are supporting lifelong learning. E. The trend has been for career development to be the responsibility of employees.
The trend has been for career development to be the responsibility of employees.
Which statement is most likely true about strategic management and performance levels? A. Strategic management can both raise and lower organizational performance. B. There is a positive relationship between strategic management and performance. C. Strategic management has an adverse effect on an organization's overall performance. D. Research has shown that strategic management has no effect on performance. E. Organizations that use strategic management have higher ratings of employee satisfaction but lower performance levels.
There is a positive relationship between strategic management and performance.
Which of these qualities is NOT one possessed by authentic leaders? A. They openly solicit views that challenge their deeply held positions. B. They are transparent. C. They possess self-awareness. D. They are liked by everyone. E. They are guided by strong moral standards.
They are liked by everyone.
Which of these traits or actions is NOT commonly associated with someone who possesses a proactive personality? A. They dislike change and are rarely first movers. B. They demonstrate persistence until they achieve their goals. C. They see opportunities and take initiative to act on them. D. They believe they are masters of their own fate. E. They embrace and drive change.
They dislike change and are rarely first movers.
Which of these is NOT a benefit of internships? A. They make it too costly to terminate poorly performing interns. B. They give organizations an easy way to evaluate multiple candidates at once. C. They are an easy way to assess a potential employee's abilities and motivation. D. They are a low-cost way to evaluate a potential employee. E. They provide interns with a close-up look at the organization and the job.
They make it too costly to terminate poorly performing interns.
Which of these things should be addressed if a firm wants to create a successful social media strategy that can be used to create a competitive advantage? A. They should focus on only one social media platform. B. They need to rewrite their mission to reflect the new strategic direction. C. They should only use the latest technology and focus on gathering input. D. They should help people connect and reduce costs or increase revenues. Your answer is correct. E. They should only be used to disseminate information to potential customers.
They should help people connect and reduce costs or increase revenues
Which of the following is NOT one of the potential sources of opportunity entrepreneurs might look to in the external context as identified by Peter Drucker? A. The process need B. The "boiled frog" phenomenon C. Demographics D. The unexpected E. Changes in perception
The "boiled frog" phenomenon
Which of the following is NOT considered a relevant contingency factor explaining when leaders are most likely to beeffective? A. The organizational culture B. A follower's experience C. The organization's size D. A follower's ability E. The national culture
The organization's size
In the strategic management process, why is the evaluating results step so important? A. To help managers determine if strategy adjustments are necessary B. To calculate what managers' bonuses should be C. To show shareholders how well the company is doing D. To help managers compare previous strategies with current strategies E. To show alignment between the company's mission and the firm's profitability
To help managers determine if strategy adjustments are necessary
________ leadership uses a quid pro quo ("this for that") approach and exchanges rewards for effort. If you do something well, you can expect to be rewarded; however, if you do something poorly, you can expect to be punished. A. Situational B. Visionary C. Transformational D. Transactional E. Charismatic
Transactional
Which of the following statements about transformational-transactional leadership is true? A. Transactional and transformational leadership are not necessarily mutually exclusive approaches to leadership. B. Transformational leaders primarily use social exchanges to lead. C. Most evidence supports the superiority of transactional leadership over transformational leadership. D. Transactional leaders stimulate and inspire followers to achieve extraordinary outcomes. E. Transformational leadership is correlated with higher turnover rates and lower levels of productivity.
Transactional and transformational leadership are not necessarily mutually exclusive approaches to leadership.
Which of these is the biggest disadvantage of being a sole proprietor? A. Excessive financial reporting requirements B. Unlimited liability C. Limited liability D. Double taxation E. Expensive to start
Unlimited liability
Which of these descriptions most closely fits a virtual organization? A. Virtual organizations consist of a small core of full-time employees that outsources its major business functions. B. Most virtual organizations have unique business departments for the various business functions. C. Virtual organizations only exist on the internet and never have physical locations. D. Virtual organizations tend to have mechanistic structures and well-defined rules. E. Virtual organizations tend to consist of large groups of networked individuals working on product design or service delivery.
Virtual organizations consist of a small core of full-time employees that outsources its major business functions.
Which of the following statements is true about perception? A. Perception is a process by which we are told the meaning of our environment. B. All individuals see reality. C. We behave according to our perceptions. D. Individuals will always look at the same thing and perceive it the same way. E. We interpret what we are told and call it reality.
We behave according to our perceptions.
Which of these statements about work specialization is FALSE? A. Work specialization can lead to repetitiveness and boredom. B. Work specialization requires highly developed skills as well as lower skill levels. C. Work specializations allows for a more efficient use of resources. D. Work specialization helps workers to increase output. E. Work specialization requires employees to work above their skill level to meet outputs.
Work specialization requires employees to work above their skill level to meet outputs.
Which of the following laws protects workers, their families, and communities by requiring most employers with 100 or more employees to provide notification 60 calendar days in advance of plant closings and mass layoffs? A. Vocational Rehabilitation Act B. Title VII of the Civil Rights Act C. Consolidated Omnibus Reconciliation Act D. Occupational Safety and Health Act E. Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification Act
Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification Act
________ occurs when a person experiences negative behaviors at work over a period of time that result in physical or mental harm. A. Taunting B. Abuse C. Sexual harassment D. Workplace bullying E. Verbal assault
Workplace bullying
What are the six key elements in organizational design? A. Chain of command, departmentalization, work specialization, organizational structure, centralization, and delegation B. Mechanistic organization, formalization, decentralization, authority, responsibility, and departmentalization C. Work specialization, departmentalization, chain of command, span of control, centralization anddecentralization, and formalization D. Work specialization, chain of command, departmentalization, line of authority, responsibility, and span of control E. Delegation, organic structure, organizational chart, work specialization, span of control, and authority
Work specialization, departmentalization, chain of command, span of control, centralization anddecentralization, and formalization
How a firm intends to make money is referred to as ________. A. a business model B. a mission C. strategic management D. creation of value E. strategy
a business model
Roberto is one of several people who own an electronics chain corporation where stocks are not traded publically. This type of legal organization is called ________. A. an S corporation B. a closely held corporation C. a C corporation D. a small business E. self-employment
a closely held corporation
Yuan wants to analyze his idea for an entrepreneurial venture using a structured approach that looks at various aspects of the proposed venture and how viable they are. This is known as ________. A. a business plan B. an operating agreement C. harvesting D. entrepreneurship E. a feasibility study
a feasibility study
Which of these businesses is more likely to be acquired if a manufacturing firm uses backward vertical integration as a growth strategy? A. Another plant that can be converted to expand the product line B. A firm that supplies a key input C. A competitor D. A completely unrelated firm E. A firm that retails the final product
a firm that supplies a key input
Which statement is true about a stability strategy? A. A stability strategy grows its current market so the company has a more stable market share. B. A stability strategy decreases corporate expenses so the business can run more efficiently. C. A stability strategy assumes that the company will exploit new markets in novel ways. D. A stability strategy assumes that a company will retract some of its previous corporate initiatives. E. A stability strategy is when an organization continues its current strategies.
a stability strategy is when an organization continues its current strategies
Creating a sustaining competitive advantage is characterized by all of the following EXCEPT ________. A. doing something better than other corporations can do it B. continuously improving quality C. using the company's core competencies to give the company an edge D. exploiting a company's resources E. accurately forecasting consumer demand
accurately forecasting consumer demand
Wallace has decided that he wants to move on from his entrepreneurial business and take his financial profits from his hard work. This is an example of ________. A. finding venture capitalists B. an exit option C. creating a business plan D. angel investing E. creating an IPO
an exit option
Stereotyping occurs when ________. A. individuals do not use shortcuts to judge others B. an individual forms opinions of others based on similarities C. people assume that others are like them D. people form an impression about an individual based on an individual trait E. an individual judges others based on his or her beliefs about a group the others are part of
an individual judges others based on his or her beliefs about a group the others are part of
The first four steps of the strategic management process involve ________. A. evaluations of implementation effectiveness B. marketing implementations and feedback to managers C. evaluations of the effectiveness of the organization's strategies D. analysis for formulating strategies and defining goals E. the adjustments that need to be done to make the strategies successful
analysis for formulating strategies and defining goals
Which of the following is NOT one of the five competitive forces identified by Michael Porter? A. Anticipated legislation B. Bargaining power of buyers C. Bargaining power of suppliers D. Threat of new entrants E. Threat of substitutes
anticipated legislation
Job satisfaction is best defined as ________. A. the degree that an employee is connected to his or her job B. an employee's discretionary behavior at work C. the degree to which an employee identifies with a particular organization D. an employee's overall attitude toward his or her job E. the link between an employee's job performance and his or her self-worth
an employee's overall attitude toward his or her job
Fiedler's model ________. A. implies that relationship-oriented leaders perform best in very favorable situations B. measured two contingency dimensions C. measured leader style using the most-preferred coworker questionnaire D. asserts that task-oriented leaders perform best in very unfavorable situations E. assumed a leader's style was flexible
asserts that task-oriented leaders perform best in very unfavorable situations
Work specialization helps employees ________. A. become more efficient B. cross train on other tasks C. increase their wages D. become better managers E. relax more
become more efficient
All of the following are employee behaviors that organizational behavior is concerned with EXCEPT ________. A. reducing counterproductive workplace behavior B. developing organizational citizenship behaviors C. enhancing job satisfaction D. decreasing absenteeism E. building relationships outside of work
building relationships outside of work
Maria wants to start a business where people let others borrow their lawn equipment (e.g., lawn mowers, weed eaters) for a fee, with her business working to connect people to make such arrangements. She is in the process of summarizing her idea in a written document so she can ask her bank for a business startup loan. The document she is creating is an example of a(n)________. A. executive summary B. feasibility study C. analysis of context D. analysis of opportunity E. business plan
business plan
Attempts to identify ________ that separated leaders from non-leaders were the foundation of leadership trait theories. A. expectations B. behaviors C. characteristics D. situations E. circumstances
characteristics
Steve Jobs (formerly of Apple) was larger than life to many and was able to articulate a vision for personal computers that inspired people to create a future of possibilities. This would BEST describe _______ leadership. A. laissez faire B. achievement-oriented C. autocratic D. transactional E. charismatic
charismatic
The leader who says, "Do this or you're fired" is exercising ________ power. A. expert B. referent C. coercive D. information E. reward
coercive
Sheila believes that people shouldn't talk on cell phones in restaurants. This represents the ________ component of her attitude. A. behavioral B. social C. affective D. emotional E. cognitive
cognitive The cognitive component of an attitude refers to the beliefs, opinions,knowledge, or information held by a person.
A company's distinctive edge is referred to as its ________. A. corporate strategy B. competitive advantage C. mission D. core competency E. business model
competitive advantage
What are the four methods commonly used in a growth strategy? A. Concentration, vertical integration, horizontal integration, and diversification B. Vertical markets, export markets, import markets, and horizontal growth C. Retrenchment, turnaround, exporting, and importing D. Product, place, promotion, and price E. PR, marketing, product development, and efficient manufacturing
concentration, vertical integration, horizontal integration, and diversification
Operant conditioning argues that behavior is a function of ________. A. emotions B. perception C. attitude D. personality E. consequences
consequences
Wade is the kind of manager who has always been concerned not only with numbers, but also with people. He feels that a happy work crew is a productive work crew. According to the Ohio State studies, Wade would be high in________. A. consideration behavior B. employee-oriented behavior C. laissez-faire leadership D. production-oriented behavior E. initiating structure
consideration behavior
When trying to decide if a person's actions are due to internal or external factors, we try to determine how often the person has acted in this particular manner. This describes the ________ factor of attribution. A. continuity B. consent C. consistency D. consensus E. distinctiveness
consistency
All of the following are examples of operant conditioning, EXCEPT ________. A. working overtime in order to receive compensation either in pay or the next performance appraisal B. studying for a test in order to receive a high grade in a course C. working to generate high sales in a territory because, as a salesperson, you are working on commission D. continuing to avoid studying or attending class despite receiving low grades in a course Your answer is correct. E. refusing to work overtime when compensation for this work will not be received
continuing to avoid studying or attending class despite receiving low grades in a course
Strategic management is a key factor in helping a company to ________. A. create an effective public relations campaign B. coordinate the various parts of the company to focus solely on developing financial plans C. develop a unique value statement D. focus on creating efficient internal rate of return calculations E. coordinate the various parts of the organization to achieve goals
coordinate the various parts of the organization to achieve goals
After conducting a SWOT analysis, a manager will most likely be able to create a strategy to ________. A. develop budget initiatives B. correct significant weaknesses C. develop marketing strategies D. introduce customer satisfaction initiatives E. create a mission statement
correct significant weaknesses
Zappos provides customers with a personal shopping assistant who helps customers track down shoes or clothingonline, even if Zappos doesn't sell it. Based on this information, Zappos is most likely pursuing a(n) ________ strategy. A. stability B. renewal C. customer service D. innovation E. first mover
customer service
Organizational culture is an important contingency factor in leadership effectiveness since it ________. A. defines which leadership style is appropriate B. is static and rarely changes C. is similar for every organization D. has the same impact on every leadership style E. often creates dissension in the ranks
defines which leadership style is appropriate
A job analysis is a tool that has the primary role of ________. A. defining the behaviors necessary to perform a job B. reducing a firm's workforce C. helping locate job candidates D. assisting with gathering employee referrals E. comparing similar jobs in terms of salary
defining the behaviors necessary to perform a job
The degree to which a person feels connected to and enthusiastic about his or her job is known as ________. A. job satisfaction B. organizational commitment C. employee engagement D. perceived organizational support E. cognitive dissonance
employee engagement
Starting a new business in pursuit of an opportunity to introduce a new product or service to market through innovation is engaging in the process of ________. A. small business development B. sole proprietorship C. social responsibility D. venture capitalism E. entrepreneurship
entrepreneurship
What is defined as the process by which people, generally responding to opportunities, start new businesses? A. Innovation B. Self-employment C. Harvesting D. Entrepreneurship E. A feasibility study
entrepreneurship
A performance management system most likely ________. A. helps employees to state their dissatisfaction with managerial processes and regulations B. provides a forum for employees to discuss current events and their impact on the company's business C. encourages employees to publicize their accomplishments D. allows employees to publish one-way messages to managers with suggestions for improving the evaluation process E. establishes performance standards used to evaluate employee performance
establishes performance standards used to evaluate employee performance
Organizational compensation and benefits packages most likely include all of the following EXCEPT ________. A. options for healthcare coverage B. exclusion from federally mandated training programs C. incentive payments D. salary add-ons E. base wages and salaries
exclusion from federally mandated training programs
Charismatic leadership is ________. A. an ability to create and communicate a plausible and attractive vision of the future B. always necessary to achieve high levels of employee performance C. the same as visionary leadership D. correlated with low performance among followers E. exhibited by enthusiastic and self-confident leadership
exhibited by enthusiastic and self-confident leadership
All of the following are generally major types of training courses offered by companies, EXCEPT ________. A. exit interview skills B. industry-specific training C. supervisory skills D. customer service training E. compliance information
exit interview skills
Whenever someone's computer goes down at Nicoh Enterprises, people call Gina. She is great at troubleshooting technical issues and always knows what to do to get their computers up and running again. Gina has ________ power. A. information B. legitimate C. reward D. expert E. coercive
expert
To ensure that new employees are successful on the job, they should most likely be ________. A. familiarized with the organization's culture B. shown workplace safety videos and made to sign informed consent papers C. acclimated to the union procedures and the processes for filing grievances D. given a complete tour of the facilities and shown the important areas of work E. given the appropriate time cards and identification
familiarized with the organization's culture
Janyce is the Human Resource manager at a manufacturing company. Her counterparts are the managers ofengineering, accounting, manufacturing, and purchasing. The firm is organized to create efficiencies by grouping people with common knowledge and skills. What term best describes this departmentalization? A. product departmentalization B. functional departmentalization C. process departmentalization D. customer departmentalization E. geographical departmentalization
functional departmentalization (organized to create efficiencies by grouping people with common knowledge and skills)
A company's work unit orientation program would most likely familiarize an employee with the ________. A. goals of the work unit B. financial projections for the work unit and budget for new projects C. upper management and board of directors of the corporation D. previous problems involving former employees in the work unit E. company's economic environment
goals of the work unit
A ________ strategy involves expansion of one or more aspects of a business. A. growth B. renewal C. stability D. defensive E. functional
growth
What are the three types of corporate strategies? A. Concentration, innovation, and vertical integration B. Product development, stability, and efficient operations C. Diversification, concentration, and renewal D. Vision, growth, and differentiation E. Growth, stability, and renewal
growth, stability, and renewal
The textbook defines a leader as someone who can influence others and who ________. A. has authority by virtue of how he or she is perceived by his or her peers B. possesses expert power C. has managerial authority D. stimulates and inspires followers to achieve extraordinary outcomes E. creates and articulates an energizing vision of the future
has managerial authority
Leadership is best defined as the process of ________. A. controlling others B. planning and implementing an organization's goals C. getting along well with other people in an organization D. producing performance results E. influencing a group to accomplish objectives
influencing a group to accomplish objectives
The primary difference between entrepreneurial ventures and small businesses is that entrepreneurial ventures________. A. employ fewer than 100 employees B. innovate and pursue growth Your answer is correct. C. are independently owned D. are independently operated E. minimally impact industry
innovate and pursue growth
The ABC company is focused on advancements in existing technology or services. Therefore, it is investing additional funding in research and development activities. ABC is likely pursuing a(n) ________ strategy. A. customer service B. innovation C. e-business D. renewal E. stability
innovation
Shaping behavior ________. A. can take place in three ways B. only involves reinforcing the final step an individual must take to achieve a desired behavior C. only needs to occur when the individual has shown a desirable response D. involves managers molding employees by gradually guiding their learning E. works by increasing the probability that the desired behavior will be repeated, not by weakening an undesired behavior
involves managers molding employees by gradually guiding their learning
A mechanistic organization is an organizational design that ________. A. has a simple structure B. is rigid and tightly controlled C. allows for a low level of departmentalization D. is adaptive E. empowers employees with more authority
is rigid and tightly controlled
A ________ is a written statement describing job content, environment, and conditions of employment. A. position assessment B. performance appraisal C. job specification D. job description E. job analysis
job description
An organized association of workers formed to protect the rights and interests of its members through the collective bargaining process is known as a ________. A. wage alliance B. board representative C. worker coalition D. work council E. labor union
labor union
The process of directing and influencing a group to achieve its goals is referred to as ________. A. leadership B. organization C. groupthink D. power E. micro-management
leadership
B. F. Skinner's research on behavior assumes that behavior is ________. A. learned B. negative C. unlearned D. incapable of being changed E. reflexive
learned
Leadership trait theories ________. A. attempted to identify certain traits that all nonleaders have B. continued to be used into the mid-1960s C. focused on how the leader interacted with his or her group members D. led researchers to determine that having certain traits only made it more likely that a person would be an effective leader E. eventually recognized that traits alone were sufficient for identifying effective leaders
led researchers to determine that having certain traits only made it more likely that a person would be an effective leader
Offering tuition reimbursement for employees to take job-related college classes reflects the trend for organizations to support ________. A. zero tolerance policies B. decruitment C. variable pay D. transparency E. lifelong learning
lifelong learning
The textbook focuses on a(n) ________ perspective when studying leadership. A. managerial B. masculine C. feminine D. subordinate's E. American
managerial
All of the following are contingency factors affecting an organization's structural choice EXCEPT ________. A. size B. market share C. technology D. strategy E. environmental uncertainty
market share The appropriate structure for an organization depends on four contingencyvariables: strategy, size, technology, and degree of environmental uncertainty.
A hierarchical organization characterized by highly centralized authority, formalized procedures and practices, and specialized functions is referred to as a(n) ________. A. organic organization B. simple structure C. divisional structure D. mechanistic organization E. functional structure
mechanistic organization (rigid and tightly controlled)
The document that outlines the provisions governing the way a limited liability company will conduct business is known as a(n) ________. A. feasibility study B. HRM policy C. operating agreement D. business plan E. initial public offering
operating agreement
Based on answers to the MBTI, individuals are classified in four categories that include all of the following EXCEPT________. A. thinking or feeling B. optimistic or pessimistic C. extraversion or introversion D. judging or perceiving E. sensing or intuition
optimistic or pessimistic
Bella is a new employee at Butonic. Her manager is informing her about the company's goals, history, philosophy,procedures, and rules. This is typically part of ________ orientation. A. decruitment B. work unit C. organization D. exit E. job-specific
organization
The field of study devoted to understanding, predicting, and influencing the behavior of groups and individuals within organizations is known as ________. A. human resources management B. organizational behavior C. industrial psychology D. emotional intelligence E. organizational citizenship behavior
organizational behavior
All of the following are reasons why strategic management is important EXCEPT ________. A. organizational conflict B. organizational complexity C. organizational change D. organizational performance E. organizational diversity
organizational conflict
A differentiation strategy is best described as when a company ________. A. produces an innovative or highly differentiated product or service B. competes in niche markets using generally available products C. offers a low-cost, unique product, but one generally available in other markets D. cuts costs and restructures organizational methods E. competes in a different market than it usually does using generally available products
produces an innovative or highly differentiated product or service
Coercive power is best described as power based on ________. A. unique knowledge B. punishment capabilities C. position in an organization D. personal characteristics E. positive rewards
punishment capabilities
What are the two main types of renewal strategies? A. Goal orientation and evaluating the company's core values B. Diversification and concentration C. SWOT analysis and assessment initiatives D. Retrenchment and turnaround E. Horizontal integration and vertical integration
retrenchment and turnaround
Human resource planning is best defined as the process by which managers ensure they have the ________. A. long-term financial projections to determine recruitment needs B. internal rate of return projections to support HR initiatives C. necessary budgeting figures to implement job training D. most accurate marketing figures to ensure sales team planning E. right number and types of people to meet current and future HR needs
right number and types of people to meet current and future HR needs
One study found that firms that are consistently listed on Fortune's list of 100 Best Companies to Work For also________. A. generated lower shareholder returns B. underperformed their peer firms that did not make the list C. significantly beat the S&P 500 market index D. sacrifice profits to make that list E. came close to matching the performance of the S&P 500
significantly beat the S&P 500 market index
Learning through a combination of observation and direct experience is best known as ________. A. shaping behavior B. social learning theory C. self-monitoring D. operant conditioning E. Machiavellianism
social learning theory
A company's ________ spell(s) out how the organization will do what it does, how it will compete successfully, and how it will attract and satisfy customers in order to achieve its goals. A. strategies B. core competencies C. business model D. mission E. competitive advantage
strategies
A company's brand recognition is strong. In terms of an internal/external analysis, this would be classified as a(n) ________. A. threat B. opportunity C. resource D. strength E. weakness
strength
One general trend with regard to career development is ________. A. externship programs with other employers B. support for lifelong learning C. multi-year training programs D. ongoing career development provided by the firm E. frequent licensure testing
support for lifelong learning
In the United States, job satisfaction ________. A. reflects only the factor of income from a job B. was unaffected by the global recession C. tends to increase as income increases D. hit its highest level in 2010 E. has been steadily increasing since 1995
tends to increase as income increases
Jon easily passed the first test in his management class, which he attributed to his innate intelligence. When he failed the second test, he blamed it on a poorly written test. This is an example of ________. A. the fundamental attribution error B. assumed similarity C. the halo effect D. the self-serving bias E. the recency effect
the self-serving bias attributing our successes to internal factors and blaming personal failure on external factors.
Tayler believes that you should solve problems and make decisions based on facts and logic, not on emotions or other subjective factors. According to the Myers Briggs Type Indicator, Tayler would likely have a(n) ________ orientation. A. thinking B. introversion C. intuition D. feeling E. perceiving
thinking Thinking types use reason and logic to handle problems. They are unemotional and uninterested in people's feelings, and like analysis and putting things into logical order.
A retail competitor is building a new facility within a few blocks of your store. In terms of an internal/external analysis, this would be classified as a(n) ________. A. resource B. threat C. weakness D. opportunity E. strength
threat
As a sales associate at a luxury auto dealership, Andre receives a base salary each month, but he also receives commission based on the number of vehicles he sells and a percentage of the net profit on the vehicles sold. This is an example of ________. A. seniority pay B. variable pay C. pay-for-knowledge D. wages E. skill-based pay
variable pay
A Gallup survey of almost 200 highly successful entrepreneurs revealed that they possess all of the following strengths in some quantity EXCEPT ________. A. wealth B. confidence C. independence D. delegation ability E. knowledge
wealth
Fast food chains dividing work activities into separate job tasks, such as cooking burgers, drive-thru order-taking, and cashiering dine-in orders, is a great example of ________. A. departmentalization B. formalization C. centralization D. the chain of command E. work specialization
work specialization
When an individual experiences a number of negative behaviors repeatedly over a period of time that result in physical or mental harm, it is known as _________. A. zero tolerance B. workplace bullying C. sexual harassment D. socialization E. transparency
workplace bullying
Martina's performance appraisal isn't based solely on her boss's opinion. Feedback is solicited from several of hercoworkers, colleagues in other departments with whom she interacts on a regular basis, and even her subordinates. What performance appraisal method does Martina's company use? A. 360-degree appraisal B. MBO C. Multiperson comparison D. BARS E. Critical incident
360-degree appraisal
What is the main advantage of the critical incident method of performance appraisal? A. Quick implementation B. Employee comparisons C. Highly quantifiable D. Behavior-related examples E. Multiple feedback sources
Behavior-related examples
What are the three components that make up an attitude? A. Beliefs, opinions, and knowledge B. Job satisfaction, job involvement, and organizational commitment C. Happiness, sadness, and anger D. Cognition, affect, and behavior E. Cognition, affect, and engagement
Cognition, affect, and behavior
Counterproductive workplace misbehavior can be categorized in which of the following four ways? A. Citizenship behavior, turnover, deviance, and violence B. Deviance, aggression, antisocial behavior, and violence C. Aggression, misdemeanors, felonies, and violence D. Absenteeism, aggression, defiance, and turnover E. Turnover, absenteeism, aggression, and violence
Deviance, aggression, antisocial behavior, and violence
What are the four leadership behaviors identified by the path-goal model? A. Unable and unwilling, unable but willing, able but willing, and able and willing B. Directive, supportive, participative, and achievement-oriented C. Directive, supportive, participative, and relationship-oriented D. Telling, selling, participating, and delegating E. Directive, supportive, participative, and task oriented
Directive, supportive, participative, and achievement-oriented
Which of the following contingency theories of leadership is described correctly? A. Fiedler's model identified four leadership behaviors: directive, supportive, participative, andachievement-oriented. B. Robert House's model attempted to define the best leader personality traits across situations. C. Fiedler's model attempted to define the best style to use in particular situations. D. Hersey and Blanchard's model focused on the idea that it is the leader's job to assist followers in attaining their goals E. Robert House's situational leadership theory focused on followers' readiness.
Fiedler's model attempted to define the best style to use in particular situations.
Which of these factors is NOT one of the four most relevant factors that help explain effective leadership? A. Organizational culture B. Follower's religion C. Follower's experience D. National culture E. Followers' abilities
Follower's religion
Which leadership behavior generates the most employee commitment and the highest job performance? A. Change-oriented behavior B. Laissez-faire behavior C. Relations-oriented behavior D. Task-oriented behavior E. Autocratic behavior
Relations-oriented behavior
Which of these broad categories of leader behavior describes leaders who care about their followers' needs? A. Autocratic behavior B. Change-oriented behavior C. Relations-oriented behavior D. Task-oriented behavior E. Laissez-faire behavior
Relations-oriented behavior
At which stage of business is the entrepreneur "the heart and soul" of the business? A. Scaling stage B. Start-up stage C. Transition stage D. Mature stage E. Exit stage
Start-up stage
The five dimensions that make up the concept of trust are integrity, consistency, loyalty, ________, and ________. A. competence; openness B. openness; concern C. openness; empathy D. competence; restraint E. flexibility; loyalty
competence; openness
The three factors that attribution theory depends on are ________. A. distinctiveness, variance, and consistency B. perceiver, target, and situation C. distinctiveness, consensus, and thoughtfulness D. likeness, consensus, and consistency E. distinctiveness, consensus, and consistency
distinctiveness, consensus, and consistency
Recruitment efforts focus on ________. A. reducing the workforce size B. making recommendations to top management C. locating, identifying, and attracting skilled job candidates D. defining the job description and evaluating the job pool E. locating, incentivizing, and rewarding capable candidates
locating, identifying, and attracting skilled job candidates
Thirty years ago, almost all large firms provided employees with ________. A. multi-year training programs and ongoing career development workshops B. high salaries and guaranteed lifetime employment C. tuition reimbursement and sabbaticals after five years of employment D. child care furnished by the organization and four weeks of vacation E. multiple avenues to advance within the organization
multi-year training programs and ongoing career development workshops
According to Hersey and Blanchard's situational leadership theory, when a follower is ________ then a leader should use the ________ style. A. able/unwilling; selling B. unable/unwilling; delegating C. unable/willing; participative D. unable/unwilling; telling E. able/willing; participative
unable/unwilling; telling
Research estimates that ________ percent of employees have been bullied at work. A. 29 B. 64 C. 4 D. 38 E. 12
29
In 2017, what percent of the U.S. private workforce was employed by small businesses? A. 23.2 percent B. 88.4 percent C. 47.5 percent D. 10.1 percent E. 35.7 percent
47.5 percent
What percentage of CEOs say that their "human capital" is the key source of sustained economic value? A. 94 percent B. 71 percent C. 35 percent D. 47 percent E. 13 percent
71 percent
Which of the following organizations would likely favor a mechanistic structure? A. A mom-and-pop dog grooming business with 5 employees B. A corporation with 2,000 employees in an industry where change is a constant and there is a high level of environmental uncertainty C. A corporation with 2,500 employees that is in a relatively stable environment D. A financial services firm with 35 employees in a highly competitive industry E. A start-up software company with 16 employees
A corporation with 2,500 employees that is in a relatively stable environment
Which of the following best describes a cost leadership strategy? A. A cost leadership strategy is when a company alters product quality to reduce product price. B. A cost leadership strategy is a company's ability to provide a product for less because it has lower costs. C. A cost leadership strategy is when managers focus on making new and innovative products. D. A cost leadership strategy is when a company has the lowest prices. E. A cost leadership strategy involves having the highest quality products at premium prices.
A cost leadership strategy is a company's ability to provide a product for less because it has lower costs.
Which statement about organizational structures is FALSE? A. A functional structure is similar to organizational departmentalization. B. With a divisional structure, each division has limited choices. C. In a divisional structure, the division is controlled by a parent company. D. A functional structure is the simplest form of organizational structure. E. In a functional structure, specialties are grouped together.
A functional structure is the simplest form of organizational structure. A simple structure is the simplest form
Which of these characteristics more closely aligns with a mechanistic organization? A. A lack of standardized jobs B. A high degree of work specialization C. A lack of formal rules D. A low degree of centralization E. An adaptable and flexible management style
A high degree of work specialization
Which statement best describes a simple structure? A. Most simple structures are highly bureaucratic when first established. B. A simple structure has centralized authority around a single person. C. Regulations are necessary to keep a simple structure running smoothly. D. A simple structure requires significant departmentalization. E. A simple structure has a narrow span of control.
A simple structure has centralized authority around a single person.
Which statement about a team structure is FALSE? A. A team structure complements a divisional structure. B. With a team structure, an organization can have the efficiency of a rigid structure but also flexibility. C. A team structure provides a clear chain of command. D. Team structures allow for flexibility. E. With a team structure, the whole organization is made up of teams.
A team structure provides a clear chain of command.
Which of these program categories is designed to ensure that decisions and company practices enhance theemployment, upgrading, and retention of members from protected groups such as minorities and females? A. Public relations B. Affirmative action C. Worker adjustment and retraining D. Privacy Act E. Employee benefits
Affirmative action