MQM 220 Exam 2

Which of the following is a key distinction of how an entrepreneurial venture is different from a small​ business? A. An entrepreneurial venture is independently owned. B. An entrepreneurial venture has fewer than 100 employees. C. An entrepreneurial venture offers​ self-employment. D. An entrepreneurial venture is characterized by innovative practices. E. An entrepreneurial venture is publically traded.

An entrepreneurial venture is characterized by innovative practices.

Which of the following would be described as an organic​ organization? A. An organizational design that groups similar or related occupational specialties together B. An organizational structure made up of separate business units or divisions C. An organization that is highly adaptive and flexible D. An organization with low​ departmentalization, wide spans of​ control, centralized​ authority, and little formalization E. An organizational design that is​ hierarchical, rigid, and tightly controlled

An organization that is highly adaptive and flexible

All of the following statements are true concerning the importance of human resource management EXCEPT which​one? A. ​People-oriented HRM creates superior shareholder value. B. The way an organization treats their people can significantly impact organizational performance. C. HRM is a significant source of competitive advantage. D. An understanding of HRM should be solely the domain of people who work in the HR department. E. The importance of HRM is true for both U.S. and international companies.

An understanding of HRM should be solely the domain of people who work in the HR department.

Which of the following areas of a business plan is likely to address any broad trends in the technological​ environment? A. Description of the business B. Executive summary C. Analysis of opportunity D. Analysis of context E. Financial data and projections

Analysis of context

Which statement about valid and reliable selection devices is​ FALSE? A. Federal managers cannot use test scores for hiring purposes unless evidence indicates that once on the​ job, high-scoring individuals outperform​ low-scoring individuals. B. A reliable selection device measures the same thing consistently over time. C. Managers must show a selection device is validly related to job performance. D. A proven relationship exists between the selection device and some relevant criterion. E. Any single​ individual's score on a device may shift dramatically over​ time, but that is to be expected.

Any single​ individual's score on a device may shift dramatically over​ time, but that is to be expected.

Which statement is true about variable pay​ systems? A. An​ employee's tenure determines compensation. B. They reward employees for the job skills they can demonstrate. C. They tend to be more successful in manufacturing organizations than in service organizations D. An​ individual's compensation is linked to performance. E. They are not very popular in either the U.S. or Canada.

An​ individual's compensation is linked to performance.

What happens to the structure of a small company when employees are​ added? A. The structure will become loose because there are more employees to do the work. B. Levels of management will be eliminated to streamline the company. C. Departmentalization will decrease as highly skilled people perform a variety of work. D. As the company becomes​ larger, it will become more specialized. E. The company will have a simpler structure.

As the company becomes​ larger, it will become more specialized.

________ are evaluative statements concerning​ objects, people, or events that reflect how an individual feels about something. A. Perceptions B. Principles C. Emotions D. Attitudes E. Norms

Attitudes

Which of the following decruitment options involves reducing the workforce by simply not filling openings created by voluntary resignations or normal​ retirements? A. Firing B. Layoffs C. Attrition D. Transfers E. Early retirements

Attrition

For many​ organizations, which issue concerning sexual harassment is​ problematic? A. Creating an​ anti-harassment policy B. The costs C. Being aware of what constitutes a hostile or offensive environment D. The lawsuits E. The undermining of​ workers' ability to perform their jobs

Being aware of what constitutes a hostile or offensive environment

What is meant by the phrase​ "brand YOU"? A. Brand YOU refers to creating an identity with your work. B. Brand YOU refers to symbols and graphics posted on your résumé. C. Brand YOU refers to your responsibility to develop your own career. D. Brand YOU is an iconic shoe brand in Europe. E. Brand YOU refers to keeping your independence from the firm.

Brand YOU refers to your responsibility to develop your own career.

Which of the following is NOT a demographic trend predicted to occur in the future for the United​ States? A. The​ 55-and-older age group will grow from 16.3 percent of the labor force to 24.8 percent by 2024. B. By​ 2050, the number of Asians in the workforce will decrease from 11 percent of the workforce to 5 percent. C. By​ 2024, Hispanics will grow from​ today's 13 percent of the workforce to 19.8 percent. D. Changes in technology will probably create an imbalance between employer needs and applicant skill sets. E. The percentage of Gen Y members in the workforce will increase.

By​ 2050, the number of Asians in the workforce will decrease from 11 percent of the workforce to 5 percent.

Which of the following forms of business ownership does not encounter a tax treatment that involves​ income/losses passing through the​ owner(s)/partners and taxed at a personal​ rate? A. LLC B. C corporation C. S corporation D. General partnership E. Sole proprietorship

C corporation

Which of the following is true about labor​ unions? A. Labor unions primarily represent organizational interests. B. In more industrialized countries the rate of unionization in private enterprise is increasing. C. Collective bargaining agreements usually define criteria for​ hiring, promotions, and layoffs. D. In more industrialized​ countries, the rate of unionization in the public sector is decreasing. E. In the United State there is a higher rate of unionization than there is in Japan.

Collective bargaining agreements usually define criteria for​ hiring, promotions, and layoffs.

People in the office know that if you need something​ done, you can count on Shanna. She is​ detail-oriented, thorough, and her work is always completed on time. Which of the personality traits in the Big Five Model would this best​illustrate? A. Agreeableness B. Extraversion C. Openness to experience D. Conscientiousness E. Emotional stability

Conscientiousness Conscientiousness is the degree to which someone is​ reliable, responsible,​ dependable, persistent, and​ achievement-oriented.

Which of the following statements about the Big Five Model is​ correct? A. Openness to experience is the degree to which someone is comfortable in relationships with others. B. Conscientiousness is the degree to which someone is​ reliable, responsible, and achievement oriented. C. Agreeableness is the degree to which someone is​ calm, enthusiastic, and secure. D. Extraversion is the degree to which someone is imaginative and intellectual. E. Emotional stability is the degree to which someone is cooperative and trusting.

Conscientiousness is the degree to which someone is​ reliable, responsible, and achievement oriented.

Jeff works as a litigation paralegal. He is an independent contractor and works for a law firm involved in a major lawsuit only for the duration of the lawsuit. When the lawsuit is​ over, he moves on to find another​ position, perhaps with another law firm or with the same firm on a different lawsuit. Which term best describes this​ arrangement? A. Flextime B. Contingent worker C. A compressed workweek D. Telecommuting E. Job sharing

Contingent worker

Which of these statements best defines organizational​ design? A. Grouping common jobs together B. Engaging in accomplishing​ long-term goals C. Dividing work activities into distinct job tasks D. Creating the structure of an organization E. Allowing top managers to make decisions

Creating the structure of an organization

What is the hardest part of preparing to exit a​ venture? A. Screening potential buyers B. Deciding who will sell the business C. Determining the correct valuation of the venture D. Deciding whether to tell employees before or after the sale. E. Considering the tax implications

Determining the correct valuation of the venture

Which of the following is NOT an exit option for an​ entrepreneur? A. Devalue the business B. Merge C. Treat it as a cash cow D. Liquidate E. Initiate an IPO

Devalue the business

In sexual harassment​ suits, which question is important for the court system to​ determine? A. Did the immediate supervisor personally know the accuser and the​ accused? B. What is the gender of the person filing the​ suit? C. Was the immediate supervisor aware of the intention to file a law​ suit? D. How long has the person filing the suit worked at the​ organization? E. Did the employer organization know about the alleged​ behavior?

Did the employer organization know about the alleged​ behavior?

Samir called his line workers into the office and​ said, "I want to put the rules on the table so​ there's no misunderstanding. If​ you're late, you lose a​ half-day's pay. If you miss your production quota more than twice in one​week, you're​ fired." How would​ Samir's leadership style be characterized using the​ path-goal theory? A. ​Achievement-oriented leader B. Directive leader C. ​Laissez-faire leader D. Participative leader E. Supportive leader

Directive leader

The organizational structure of Dixon Industries consists of separate business units that each has limited autonomy. What type of structure is used by​ Dixon? A. Simple structure B. ​Cross-functional structure C. Functional structure D. Organic structure E. Divisional structure

Divisional structure

All of the following are questions entrepreneurs might ask themselves when they evaluate marketplace considerations for potential ideas EXCEPT​ ________. A. How will potential customers purchase your​ product? B. Who are your potential​ customers? C. Do you have a realistic picture of the​ venture's potential? D. How does your product compare to others in the​ market? E. Have you considered pricing​ issues?

Do you have a realistic picture of the​ venture's potential?

Which of these methods is commonly used to gather performance information in call centers or jobs where tasks are often completed on​ computers? A. MBO B. ​360-degree appraisal C. Electronic performance monitoring D. Graphic Rating Scale E. BARS

Electronic performance monitoring

Which statement about learning is most likely​ FALSE? A. Employees rarely model their workplace behaviors after managers. B. Managers should assume that they are setting examples for workplace behavior. C. Managers need to decide if they are going to manage​ employees' learning through rewards and​ examples, or allow it to occur unsystematically. D. Productive employees may change their behavior if they see few performance rewards. E. Employees rewarded for a certain behavior will eventually learn to engage in this​ behavior, whether it is desired or not.

Employees rarely model their workplace behaviors after managers.

What is the major goal of the first three activities of the HRM​ process? A. Ensuring that competent employees are identified and selected B. Informing workers of the organizational mission C. Disciplining workers who​ don't follow organizational policies D. Providing employees with​ up-to-date knowledge and skills E. Ensuring that the organization retains competent and​ high-performing employees

Ensuring that competent employees are identified and selected

What are two steps that managers need to implement before selecting a competitive​ strategy? A. Five forces model and SWOT analysis B. Analysis of price and promotion initiatives C. Analysis of the product line and the distribution strategies D. Marketing plan and competitive analysis E. Budgeting model and financial analysis

Five forces model and SWOT analysis

Which of the following is LEAST likely an issue facing leaders​ today? A. Establishing credibility and trust with employees B. Striving to become an effective leader C. Focusing on the use of one leadership style D. Managing different forms of power E. Empowering organization members

Focusing on the use of one leadership style

At Robins​ Manufacturing, there are separate departments for​ accounting, manufacturing,​ engineering, purchasing, human​ resources, and​ sales/marketing. Based on this​ information, what type of organizational structure does Robins Manufacturing most likely​ have? A. Divisional structure B. Network structure C. Functional structure D. Simple structure E. Matrix structure

Functional structure

Which of the following forms of business organizations has two or more owners who share business management and risk but also have unlimited personal​ liability? A. S corporation B. C corporation C. LLC D. General partnership E. LLP

General partnership

How does strategy affect a​ company's structure? A. Strategy creates a more centralized​ decision-making process. B. Goals are an important part of a​ company's strategy, and the structure of the company should reflect its goals. C. There is no relationship between a​ company's strategy and its structure. D. Strategy affects a​ company's structure by determining the span of control. E. Strategy affects structure by creating formalization.

Goals are an important part of a​ company's strategy, and the structure of the company should reflect its goals.

Which of these areas is NOT identified as potential problems that entrepreneurs needs to closely monitor and for which they should develop controls to be able to rapidly​ respond? A. Accounting and finance B. Employee performance C. Competition D. Government regulations E. Customer relationships

Government regulations

Which statement concerning human resource management​ (HRM) is​ FALSE? A. HRM is a key component of organizational strategies. B. The way that firms treat their employees impacts organizational performance. C. HRM is a major source of competitive advantage. D. ​High-performance work practices improve a​ firm's ability to adapt to changing markets. E. HRM is important in U.S. firms but insignificant in foreign firms.

HRM is important in U.S. firms but insignificant in foreign firms.

Which of the following is an example of organizational citizenship​ behavior? A. Helping another member of your work team B. Finishing training that is necessary for the job C. Attending mandatory work meetings D. Working the hours required for the job E. Performing the tasks that your boss assigns

Helping another member of your work team

In terms of the BCG​ (Boston Consulting​ Group) matrix, which of the following best describes cash​ cows? A. High market​ share/low anticipated growth rate B. High market​ share/high anticipated growth rate C. Low market​ share/low anticipated growth rate D. High market​ share/moderate anticipated growth rate E. Low market​ share/high anticipated growth rate

High market share/low anticipated growth rate

Which of these questions is NOT commonly addressed in a mission​ statement? A. How will employees be​ compensated? B. Who are the​ firm's customers? C. What markets does the firm intend to​ serve? D. Are the employees considered a valuable​ asset? E. What are the​ firm's major products or​ services?

How will employees be compensated?

What are the six steps of the strategic management​ process? A. Identifying the​ mission, external​ analysis, internal​ analysis, formulating​ strategies, implementing​ strategies, and evaluating the results B. Defining​ goals, research, cash​ flows, income​ statements, approval, and implementation C. ​SWOT, plan​ approval, marketing,​ planning, risk​ assessments, and evaluating the results D. Balancing​ accounts, mission​ statements, goals,​ SWOT, cash​ flows, and research E. Mission​ statement, goals, marketing​ plans, product​ analysis, evaluation, and SWOT

Identifying the​ mission, external​ analysis, internal​ analysis, formulating​ strategies, implementing​ strategies, and evaluating the results

Which statement about effective managers as leaders is​ correct? A. Managers should keep their distance from those they are leading. B. Managers must follow one leadership approach in every situation they encounter. C. A manager should not be concerned with being a leader. D. In most​ situations, the most effective managers have a high concern for production and people. E. A manager should not be concerned with building trust with the group.

In most​ situations, the most effective managers have a high concern for production and people.

Which of these types of leaders have NOT been the focus of most leadership​ research? A. Influential leaders B. Informal leaders C. Effective leaders D. Formal leaders E. Managerial leaders

Informal leaders

Which of the following reflects​ task-oriented behaviors? A. ​LMX's in-group B. A democratic style C. Consideration D. Initiating structure E. Participative behaviors

Initiating structure

When he joined the accounting​ department, Mark spent two weeks learning the payroll system in the organization. He then was assigned to the accounts payable department for a few​ weeks, and finally to the accounts receivable department so he would have a solid base of knowledge in all of the accounting functions in the company. What term best describes​ Mark's activities? A. Mentoring and coaching B. Organizational orientation C. Apprenticeship D. Work unit orientation E. Job rotation

Job rotation

________ is a training method where employees work at different stations and gain exposure to a variety of tasks. A. Job rotation B. Mentoring C. Mobile learning D. Experiential exercise E. Virtual reality

Job rotation

Christy and Laurie​ co-teach the same​ 1st-grade class. Christy teaches the class on​ Monday, Wednesday, and Friday. Laurie teaches on Tuesday and Thursday. They each receive a​ pro-rated portion of the traditional​ full-time position's salary and benefits. Which term best describes this​ arrangement? A. Flextime B. Job sharing C. Contingent workers D. A compressed workweek E. Telecommuting

Job sharing Job sharing is the practice of having two or more people split a​ full-time job.

Which of these examples represents an asset valuation​ method? A. Juan sold his business for 4.5 times last​ year's profits. B. ​Juan's publicly traded firm is selling at a​ price-to-earnings (P/E) ratio of 12. C. Juan sold his business for 10 times the average revenue for the past three years. D. ​Juan's friend offered him​ $450,000 for the​ firm's assets plus 2 times the most recent​ year's earnings. E. Juan sold his business for​ $450,000 since that was the market value of his equipment and the business had zero debt.

Juan sold his business for​ $450,000 since that was the market value of his equipment and the business had zero debt. (asset valuation method = assets - liabilities)

Which statement about leader-member exchange theory​ (LMX) is​ correct? A. LMX asserts that individuals in the​ out-group will have higher performance ratings than individuals in the​in-group. B. LMX relationships stay together when followers exhibit an internal locus of control. C. LMX suggests that early in a relationship a leader categorizes a follower as either​ "in" or​ "out." D. LMX asserts that the follower does the choosing between the​ in-group and the​ out-group. E. LMX includes evidence that shows​ in-group members have demographic and gender differences with the leader.

LMX suggests that early in a relationship a leader categorizes a follower as either​ "in" or​ "out."

Which of the following was NOT one of the four main leader behavior​ studies? A. Ohio State study B. University of Michigan study C. University of Iowa study D. Leadership traits theory E. The managerial grid

Leadership traits theory

Which type of power originates from a​ person's position in the organization and is very broad in​ scope? A. Reward power B. Referent power C. Coercive power D. Expert power E. Legitimate power

Legitimate power

Which of the following is NOT considered a potential problem requiring monitoring and​ control? A. Maintain regular contact with top recruiters for talent. B. Maintain regular contact with customers. C. Monitor employee performance. D. Keep a close eye on the numbers. E. Monitor the competition and potential competition.

Maintain regular contact with top recruiters for talent.

Which statement about a project structure is​ true? A. Project structures are slowed down by hierarchies. B. Managers act as coaches to employees. C. Teams are based on formal organizational hierarchy. D. Project structures are rigid. E. Employees are assigned permanently to departmental teams.

Managers act as coaches to employees.

Which factor applies only to matrix​ organizations? A. Matrix organizations are made up of teams. B. Matrix organizations are not limited by levels and hierarchies. C. Matrix organizations have a unity of command. D. Matrix organizations are boundaryless. E. Matrix organization employees have two managers.

Matrix organization employees have two managers.

Which of the following is a characteristic of a mechanistic​ organization? A. Highly adaptive B. Narrow span of control C. ​Free-flowing information D. ​Cross-functional teams E. Loose structure

Narrow span of control

Which of the following is a hidden issue of an​ organization? A. Technology B. Procedures C. Chain of command D. Goals E. Norms

Norms

Which of the following statements is correct concerning the number of employees and a​ company's structure? A. Small organizations are the least affected when more employees are added. B. There is no evidence that size affects a​ company's structure. C. Once a company has about​ 2,000 employees, it is quite mechanistic and can no longer be organic. D. Once a company has 500 employees it can no longer be organic. E. If a company has less than​ 1,500 employees, it can only be organic.

Once a company has about​ 2,000 employees, it is quite mechanistic and can no longer be organic.

Which statement about mechanistic and organic organizations is​ true? A. Organic organizations are​ centralized, and mechanistic organizations are decentralized. B. Mechanistic organizations can adjust to changing environments more than organic organizations. C. Mechanistic organizations have low​ formalization, and organic organizations have high formalization. D. Organic organizations are​ flexible, and mechanistic organizations are stable. E. Organic organizations have standardized​ jobs, and mechanistic organizations are adaptive.

Organic organizations are​ flexible, and mechanistic organizations are stable.

When new employees join the​ company, HR specialist Angelica gives them a brief tour of the facility and then spends several hours introducing them to the​ company's history,​ goals, and philosophies and providing them with an overview of HR policies. What term best describes​ Angelica's activities? A. ​On-the-job training B. Apprenticeship C. Organization orientation D. Mentoring and coaching E. Work unit orientation

Organization orientation

Which statement about organizational behavior is​ FALSE? A. Organizational behavior focuses on the actions of people at work. B. Organizational behavior attempts to predict employee behavior. C. Organizational behavior considers individual and group behavior. D. Organizational behavior deals with issues that are hidden or less obvious. E. Organizational behavior is the study of the general behavior of the overall population.

Organizational behavior is the study of the general behavior of the overall population.

Which of the following employee benefits would LEAST likely be considered a​ family-friendly benefit? A. Job sharing B. Subsidized child care C. Telecommuting D. Pension plan E. Flextime

Pension plan

Which of the following statements is true regarding attribution​ theory? A. People tend to underestimate the influence of external​ factors, which is part of the fundamental attribution error. B. The​ self-serving bias suggests that feedback provided to employees in performance reviews will not be​distorted, regardless of whether it is positive or negative. C. ​Self-serving bias is the tendency to put the blame for personal failure on internal​ factors, such as ability or effort. D. ​Self-serving bias is the tendency to attribute our own successes to external​ factors, such as luck. E. People tend to overestimate the influence of external​ factors, which is part of the fundamental attribution error.

People tend to underestimate the influence of external​ factors, which is part of the fundamental attribution error.

Which activity within the HRM process involves retaining competent and​ high-performing employees? A. Performance evaluation B. Selection C. Orientation D. Training E. Human resource planning

Performance evaluation

What type of personality describes someone with a disposition toward taking intentional action to influence their situation or​ environment? A. Reactive B. Arrogant C. Proactive D. Persistent E. Submissive

Proactive

________ is the most technically complex production process that lends itself to an organic structure. A. Process production B. Unit production C. ​Large-batch production D. Mass production E. ​Small-batch production

Process production

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a proactive​ personality? A. Take initiative to act on opportunities they see B. Demonstrate persistence until they reach their goals C. Resist delegating to others D. Strongly believe they are masters of their own fate E. Embrace and drive change

Resist delegating to others

Which of the following statements is correct regarding the University of Iowa studies and the leadership styles they​identified? A. The democratic style leader let the group make decisions and complete the work in whatever way it saw fit. B. The autocratic style leader involved employees in decision​ making, delegated​ authority, and used feedback as an opportunity for coaching employees. C. The​ laissez-faire style leader dictated work​ methods, made unilateral​ decisions, and limited employee participation. D. The studies explored two leadership styles to find which was the most effective. E. Results showed that group members were more satisfied under a democratic leader than under an autocratic one.

Results showed that group members were more satisfied under a democratic leader than under an autocratic one.

Which kind of legal organization has the regular characteristics of a C corporation but owners are taxed as a partnership as long as certain established criteria are​ met? A. Sole proprietorship B. Limited liability partnership​ (LLP) C. General partnership D. Limited liability company​ (LLC) E. S corporation

S corporation

________ is the practice of screening applicants to determine which job candidate is best qualified for the job. A. Recruitment B. Selection C. Hiring D. Decruitment E. Identification

Selection

A​ mom-and-pop dog grooming salon with three employees is most likely to adopt which of the following organizational​designs? A. Matrix structure B. Simple structure C. Functional structure D. Network structure E. Divisional structure

Simple structure (low​ departmentalization, wide spans of​ control, authority centralized in a single​ person, and little formalization.)

Which dimension of emotional intelligence refers to a​ person's ability to handle the emotions of​ others? A. ​Self-motivation B. Social skills C. Empathy D. ​Self-management E. ​Self-awareness

Social skills

Liz owns a small technology firm where she has sole control and has personal liability for any business debts that arise. This is an example of which form of legal​ organization? A. Closely held corporation B. Limited liability company​ (LLC) C. S corporation D. General partnership E. Sole proprietorship

Sole proprietorship

Which definition best defines a​ leader? A. Someone who can efficiently organize and plan work activities B. Someone who has received management training C. Someone who can create and monitor a work group D. Someone with managerial authority who has the ability to influence others E. Someone who provides assistance to​ co-workers and subordinates

Someone with managerial authority who has the ability to influence others

________ refers to how many workers a supervisor can effectively and efficiently supervise. A. Responsibility B. Unity of command C. Formalization D. Span of control E. Departmentalization

Span of control

Juan is currently planning and organizing a new entrepreneurial business. This is which step in the entrepreneurial​ process? A. Managing the venture B. Exploring the entrepreneurial context C. Identifying opportunities and possible competitive advantages D. Harvesting E. Starting the venture

Starting the venture

Which of the following best describes strategic​ management? A. Strategic management is focused solely on increasing revenues for the company. B. Strategic management consists solely of the business model a company uses to carry out its functions. C. Strategic management is a tool that only CEOs use. D. Strategic management is solely focused on the development of a competitive advantage. E. Strategic management is a task that managers perform to develop the​ company's strategies.

Strategic management is a task that managers perform to develop the​ company's strategies.

What did one survey find to be the major source of ideas for entrepreneurial​ ventures? A. External environmental sectors B. Looking at familiar products C. Looking at unfamiliar products D. Personal interests E. Sudden insight or chance

Sudden insight or chance

Which of the following is NOT a strength of a simple​ structure? A. Fast B. Clear accountability C. Suitable for large firms D. Inexpensive to maintain E. Flexible

Suitable for large firms

The​ least-preferred coworker​ (LPC) questionnaire to gauge leadership style forms a fundamental part of which theory of​leadership? A. ​Leader-member exchange​ (LMX) theory B. The Ohio State studies C. Situational leadership theory D. The​ path-goal model E. The Fiedler model

The Fiedler model

Which of these statements about the effect of environment on structure is NOT​ true? A. When facing an economic​ downturn, a company would be better off with an organic structure. B. A stable environment facing little uncertainty would find mechanistic designs more effective. C. Managers can minimize uncertainty by adjusting the​ company's structure. D. Companies that have organic structures can meet the changing needs of customers better than mechanistic organizations. E. The air travel industry is a stable industry and should use a mechanistic design.

The air travel industry is a stable industry and should use a mechanistic design.

Which of the following statements concerning personality traits is​ FALSE? A. Employees with an external locus of control are less satisfied with their jobs. B. People with high​ self-esteem tend to be more satisfied with their jobs than those with low​ self-esteem. C. The decision accuracy of managers is higher for​ low-risk takers than for​ high-risk takers. D. Someone who is high in Machiavellianism most likely has effective bargaining skills. E. High​ self-monitors can keep a distinction between their public personalities and private lives.

The decision accuracy of managers is higher for​ low-risk takers than for​ high-risk takers.

What is one of the most common causes for a new​ business' failure? A. The inability for the entrepreneur to provide the required leadership B. The decline in demand for the product or service C. The​ entrepreneur's lack of​ self-confidence D. The failure to set clear goals for the business E. The lack of financial backing

The inability for the entrepreneur to provide the required leadership

Which statement is FALSE about social learning​ theory? A. Social learning theory is the view that people can learn through both observation and direct experience. B. The influence of the​ individual's own opinions is central to the social learning viewpoint. C. Motor reproduction processes demonstrate that the individual can do activities after observing a model performing them. D. Reinforcement processes involve positive incentives or rewards. E. When it comes to attentional​ processes, people are most influenced by models who are attractive.

The influence of the​ individual's own opinions is central to the social learning viewpoint.

Which of the following studies is correctly paired with its research​ focus? A. The University of Iowa studies identified two dimensions of leader behavior—initiating structure and consideration. B. The Ohio State studies identified two dimensions of leader behavior—initiating structure and emotion. C. The University of Michigan studies explored three leadership styles. D. The managerial grid focused on​ leaders' concern for production and concern for people. E. The University of Michigan studies looked at​ employee-oriented leaders and​ managerial-oriented leaders.

The managerial grid focused on​ leaders' concern for production and concern for people.

Which of these conditions is a characteristic of an organic​ organization? A. The number of formal rules is significant. B. The organization has a loose structure. C. Many managers are needed because of departmentalization. D. Workers perform​ routine, specialized tasks. E. The span of control is kept small.

The organization has a loose structure.

Which statement concerning sexual harassment is most likely​ FALSE? A. The organizational monetary costs of sexual harassment are minimal. B. Sexual harassment is a problem for firms both inside and outside of the United States. C. Sexual harassment undermines​ workers' ability to perform tasks. D. Sexual harassment costs firms in terms of absenteeism and turnover. E. The majority of people filing sexual harassment suits are women.

The organizational monetary costs of sexual harassment are minimal.

Which of the following is LEAST likely to be an external factor that influences the HRM​ process? A. The personal sympathies of the president of the organization B. Demographic trends C. The legal environment D. The economy of the environment in which the organization works E. The influence of employee labor unions

The personal sympathies of the president of the organization

Which of these statements about​ Woodward's study on the effect of technology on structure is​ FALSE? A. This study was the first to be done on​ technology's effect on structure. B. The study covered companies with varying levels of technological complexity. C. Process production is the most technically complex category in the study. D. The research was divided into three​ categories: unit,​ mass, and process production. E. The study found no link between technology and structure.

The study found no link between technology and structure.

Which of the following statements about career development trends is​ true? A. Companies are taking charge of​ employees' brand. B. Companies are reducing their internship programs. C. Large companies are offering more career development workshops. D. Few companies today are supporting lifelong learning. E. The trend has been for career development to be the responsibility of employees.

The trend has been for career development to be the responsibility of employees.

Which statement is most likely true about strategic management and performance​ levels? A. Strategic management can both raise and lower organizational performance. B. There is a positive relationship between strategic management and performance. C. Strategic management has an adverse effect on an​ organization's overall performance. D. Research has shown that strategic management has no effect on performance. E. Organizations that use strategic management have higher ratings of employee satisfaction but lower performance levels.

There is a positive relationship between strategic management and performance.

Which of these qualities is NOT one possessed by authentic​ leaders? A. They openly solicit views that challenge their deeply held positions. B. They are transparent. C. They possess​ self-awareness. D. They are liked by everyone. E. They are guided by strong moral standards.

They are liked by everyone.

Which of these traits or actions is NOT commonly associated with someone who possesses a proactive​ personality? A. They dislike change and are rarely first movers. B. They demonstrate persistence until they achieve their goals. C. They see opportunities and take initiative to act on them. D. They believe they are masters of their own fate. E. They embrace and drive change.

They dislike change and are rarely first movers.

Which of these is NOT a benefit of​ internships? A. They make it too costly to terminate poorly performing interns. B. They give organizations an easy way to evaluate multiple candidates at once. C. They are an easy way to assess a potential​ employee's abilities and motivation. D. They are a​ low-cost way to evaluate a potential employee. E. They provide interns with a​ close-up look at the organization and the job.

They make it too costly to terminate poorly performing interns.

Which of these things should be addressed if a firm wants to create a successful social media strategy that can be used to create a competitive​ advantage? A. They should focus on only one social media platform. B. They need to rewrite their mission to reflect the new strategic direction. C. They should only use the latest technology and focus on gathering input. D. They should help people connect and reduce costs or increase revenues. Your answer is correct. E. They should only be used to disseminate information to potential customers.

They should help people connect and reduce costs or increase revenues

Which of the following is NOT one of the potential sources of opportunity entrepreneurs might look to in the external context as identified by Peter​ Drucker? A. The process need B. The​ "boiled frog" phenomenon C. Demographics D. The unexpected E. Changes in perception

The​ "boiled frog" phenomenon

Which of the following is NOT considered a relevant contingency factor explaining when leaders are most likely to be​effective? A. The organizational culture B. A​ follower's experience C. The​ organization's size D. A​ follower's ability E. The national culture

The​ organization's size

In the strategic management​ process, why is the evaluating results step so​ important? A. To help managers determine if strategy adjustments are necessary B. To calculate what​ managers' bonuses should be C. To show shareholders how well the company is doing D. To help managers compare previous strategies with current strategies E. To show alignment between the​ company's mission and the​ firm's profitability

To help managers determine if strategy adjustments are necessary

________ leadership uses a quid pro quo​ ("this for​ that") approach and exchanges rewards for effort. If you do something​ well, you can expect to be​ rewarded; however, if you do something​ poorly, you can expect to be punished. A. Situational B. Visionary C. Transformational D. Transactional E. Charismatic

Transactional

Which of the following statements about​ transformational-transactional leadership is​ true? A. Transactional and transformational leadership are not necessarily mutually exclusive approaches to leadership. B. Transformational leaders primarily use social exchanges to lead. C. Most evidence supports the superiority of transactional leadership over transformational leadership. D. Transactional leaders stimulate and inspire followers to achieve extraordinary outcomes. E. Transformational leadership is correlated with higher turnover rates and lower levels of productivity.

Transactional and transformational leadership are not necessarily mutually exclusive approaches to leadership.

Which of these is the biggest disadvantage of being a sole​ proprietor? A. Excessive financial reporting requirements B. Unlimited liability C. Limited liability D. Double taxation E. Expensive to start

Unlimited liability

Which of these descriptions most closely fits a virtual​ organization? A. Virtual organizations consist of a small core of​ full-time employees that outsources its major business functions. B. Most virtual organizations have unique business departments for the various business functions. C. Virtual organizations only exist on the internet and never have physical locations. D. Virtual organizations tend to have mechanistic structures and​ well-defined rules. E. Virtual organizations tend to consist of large groups of networked individuals working on product design or service delivery.

Virtual organizations consist of a small core of​ full-time employees that outsources its major business functions.

Which of the following statements is true about​ perception? A. Perception is a process by which we are told the meaning of our environment. B. All individuals see reality. C. We behave according to our perceptions. D. Individuals will always look at the same thing and perceive it the same way. E. We interpret what we are told and call it reality.

We behave according to our perceptions.

Which of these statements about work specialization is​ FALSE? A. Work specialization can lead to repetitiveness and boredom. B. Work specialization requires highly developed skills as well as lower skill levels. C. Work specializations allows for a more efficient use of resources. D. Work specialization helps workers to increase output. E. Work specialization requires employees to work above their skill level to meet outputs.

Work specialization requires employees to work above their skill level to meet outputs.

Which of the following laws protects​ workers, their​ families, and communities by requiring most employers with 100 or more employees to provide notification 60 calendar days in advance of plant closings and mass​ layoffs? A. Vocational Rehabilitation Act B. Title VII of the Civil Rights Act C. Consolidated Omnibus Reconciliation Act D. Occupational Safety and Health Act E. Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification Act

Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification Act

________ occurs when a person experiences negative behaviors at work over a period of time that result in physical or mental harm. A. Taunting B. Abuse C. Sexual harassment D. Workplace bullying E. Verbal assault

Workplace bullying

What are the six key elements in organizational​ design? A. Chain of​ command, departmentalization, work​ specialization, organizational​ structure, centralization, and delegation B. Mechanistic​ organization, formalization,​ decentralization, authority,​ responsibility, and departmentalization C. Work​ specialization, departmentalization, chain of​ command, span of​ control, centralization and​decentralization, and formalization D. Work​ specialization, chain of​ command, departmentalization, line of​ authority, responsibility, and span of control E. ​Delegation, organic​ structure, organizational​ chart, work​ specialization, span of​ control, and authority

Work​ specialization, departmentalization, chain of​ command, span of​ control, centralization and​decentralization, and formalization

How a firm intends to make money is referred to as​ ________. A. a business model B. a mission C. strategic management D. creation of value E. strategy

a business model

Roberto is one of several people who own an electronics chain corporation where stocks are not traded publically. This type of legal organization is called​ ________. A. an S corporation B. a closely held corporation C. a C corporation D. a small business E. ​self-employment

a closely held corporation

Yuan wants to analyze his idea for an entrepreneurial venture using a structured approach that looks at various aspects of the proposed venture and how viable they are. This is known as​ ________. A. a business plan B. an operating agreement C. harvesting D. entrepreneurship E. a feasibility study

a feasibility study

Which of these businesses is more likely to be acquired if a manufacturing firm uses backward vertical integration as a growth​ strategy? A. Another plant that can be converted to expand the product line B. A firm that supplies a key input C. A competitor D. A completely unrelated firm E. A firm that retails the final product

a firm that supplies a key input

Which statement is true about a stability​ strategy? A. A stability strategy grows its current market so the company has a more stable market share. B. A stability strategy decreases corporate expenses so the business can run more efficiently. C. A stability strategy assumes that the company will exploit new markets in novel ways. D. A stability strategy assumes that a company will retract some of its previous corporate initiatives. E. A stability strategy is when an organization continues its current strategies.

a stability strategy is when an organization continues its current strategies

Creating a sustaining competitive advantage is characterized by all of the following EXCEPT​ ________. A. doing something better than other corporations can do it B. continuously improving quality C. using the​ company's core competencies to give the company an edge D. exploiting a​ company's resources E. accurately forecasting consumer demand

accurately forecasting consumer demand

Wallace has decided that he wants to move on from his entrepreneurial business and take his financial profits from his hard work. This is an example of​ ________. A. finding venture capitalists B. an exit option C. creating a business plan D. angel investing E. creating an IPO

an exit option

Stereotyping occurs when​ ________. A. individuals do not use shortcuts to judge others B. an individual forms opinions of others based on similarities C. people assume that others are like them D. people form an impression about an individual based on an individual trait E. an individual judges others based on his or her beliefs about a group the others are part of

an individual judges others based on his or her beliefs about a group the others are part of

The first four steps of the strategic management process involve​ ________. A. evaluations of implementation effectiveness B. marketing implementations and feedback to managers C. evaluations of the effectiveness of the​ organization's strategies D. analysis for formulating strategies and defining goals E. the adjustments that need to be done to make the strategies successful

analysis for formulating strategies and defining goals

Which of the following is NOT one of the five competitive forces identified by Michael​ Porter? A. Anticipated legislation B. Bargaining power of buyers C. Bargaining power of suppliers D. Threat of new entrants E. Threat of substitutes

anticipated legislation

Job satisfaction is best defined as​ ________. A. the degree that an employee is connected to his or her job B. an​ employee's discretionary behavior at work C. the degree to which an employee identifies with a particular organization D. an​ employee's overall attitude toward his or her job E. the link between an​ employee's job performance and his or her​ self-worth

an​ employee's overall attitude toward his or her job

​Fiedler's model​ ________. A. implies that​ relationship-oriented leaders perform best in very favorable situations B. measured two contingency dimensions C. measured leader style using the​ most-preferred coworker questionnaire D. asserts that​ task-oriented leaders perform best in very unfavorable situations E. assumed a​ leader's style was flexible

asserts that​ task-oriented leaders perform best in very unfavorable situations

Work specialization helps employees​ ________. A. become more efficient B. cross train on other tasks C. increase their wages D. become better managers E. relax more

become more efficient

All of the following are employee behaviors that organizational behavior is concerned with EXCEPT​ ________. A. reducing counterproductive workplace behavior B. developing organizational citizenship behaviors C. enhancing job satisfaction D. decreasing absenteeism E. building relationships outside of work

building relationships outside of work

Maria wants to start a business where people let others borrow their lawn equipment​ (e.g., lawn​ mowers, weed​ eaters) for a​ fee, with her business working to connect people to make such arrangements. She is in the process of summarizing her idea in a written document so she can ask her bank for a business startup loan. The document she is creating is an example of​ a(n)________. A. executive summary B. feasibility study C. analysis of context D. analysis of opportunity E. business plan

business plan

Attempts to identify​ ________ that separated leaders from​ non-leaders were the foundation of leadership trait theories. A. expectations B. behaviors C. characteristics D. situations E. circumstances

characteristics

Steve Jobs​ (formerly of​ Apple) was larger than life to many and was able to articulate a vision for personal computers that inspired people to create a future of possibilities. This would BEST describe​ _______ leadership. A. laissez faire B. ​achievement-oriented C. autocratic D. transactional E. charismatic

charismatic

The leader who​ says, "Do this or​ you're fired" is exercising​ ________ power. A. expert B. referent C. coercive D. information E. reward

coercive

Sheila believes that people​ shouldn't talk on cell phones in restaurants. This represents the​ ________ component of her attitude. A. behavioral B. social C. affective D. emotional E. cognitive

cognitive The cognitive component of an attitude refers to the​ beliefs, opinions,​knowledge, or information held by a person.

A​ company's distinctive edge is referred to as its​ ________. A. corporate strategy B. competitive advantage C. mission D. core competency E. business model

competitive advantage

What are the four methods commonly used in a growth​ strategy? A. ​Concentration, vertical​ integration, horizontal​ integration, and diversification B. Vertical​ markets, export​ markets, import​ markets, and horizontal growth C. ​Retrenchment, turnaround,​ exporting, and importing D. ​Product, place,​ promotion, and price E. ​PR, marketing, product​ development, and efficient manufacturing

concentration, vertical integration, horizontal integration, and diversification

Operant conditioning argues that behavior is a function of​ ________. A. emotions B. perception C. attitude D. personality E. consequences

consequences

Wade is the kind of manager who has always been concerned not only with​ numbers, but also with people. He feels that a happy work crew is a productive work crew. According to the Ohio State​ studies, Wade would be high in​________. A. consideration behavior B. ​employee-oriented behavior C. ​laissez-faire leadership D. ​production-oriented behavior E. initiating structure

consideration behavior

When trying to decide if a​ person's actions are due to internal or external​ factors, we try to determine how often the person has acted in this particular manner. This describes the​ ________ factor of attribution. A. continuity B. consent C. consistency D. consensus E. distinctiveness

consistency

All of the following are examples of operant​ conditioning, EXCEPT​ ________. A. working overtime in order to receive compensation either in pay or the next performance appraisal B. studying for a test in order to receive a high grade in a course C. working to generate high sales in a territory​ because, as a​ salesperson, you are working on commission D. continuing to avoid studying or attending class despite receiving low grades in a course Your answer is correct. E. refusing to work overtime when compensation for this work will not be received

continuing to avoid studying or attending class despite receiving low grades in a course

Strategic management is a key factor in helping a company to​ ________. A. create an effective public relations campaign B. coordinate the various parts of the company to focus solely on developing financial plans C. develop a unique value statement D. focus on creating efficient internal rate of return calculations E. coordinate the various parts of the organization to achieve goals

coordinate the various parts of the organization to achieve goals

After conducting a SWOT​ analysis, a manager will most likely be able to create a strategy to​ ________. A. develop budget initiatives B. correct significant weaknesses C. develop marketing strategies D. introduce customer satisfaction initiatives E. create a mission statement

correct significant weaknesses

Zappos provides customers with a personal shopping assistant who helps customers track down shoes or clothing​online, even if Zappos​ doesn't sell it. Based on this​ information, Zappos is most likely pursuing​ a(n) ________ strategy. A. stability B. renewal C. customer service D. innovation E. first mover

customer service

Organizational culture is an important contingency factor in leadership effectiveness since it​ ________. A. defines which leadership style is appropriate B. is static and rarely changes C. is similar for every organization D. has the same impact on every leadership style E. often creates dissension in the ranks

defines which leadership style is appropriate

A job analysis is a tool that has the primary role of​ ________. A. defining the behaviors necessary to perform a job B. reducing a​ firm's workforce C. helping locate job candidates D. assisting with gathering employee referrals E. comparing similar jobs in terms of salary

defining the behaviors necessary to perform a job

The degree to which a person feels connected to and enthusiastic about his or her job is known as​ ________. A. job satisfaction B. organizational commitment C. employee engagement D. perceived organizational support E. cognitive dissonance

employee engagement

Starting a new business in pursuit of an opportunity to introduce a new product or service to market through innovation is engaging in the process of​ ________. A. small business development B. sole proprietorship C. social responsibility D. venture capitalism E. entrepreneurship

entrepreneurship

What is defined as the process by which​ people, generally responding to​ opportunities, start new​ businesses? A. Innovation B. ​Self-employment C. Harvesting D. Entrepreneurship E. A feasibility study

entrepreneurship

A performance management system most likely​ ________. A. helps employees to state their dissatisfaction with managerial processes and regulations B. provides a forum for employees to discuss current events and their impact on the​ company's business C. encourages employees to publicize their accomplishments D. allows employees to publish​ one-way messages to managers with suggestions for improving the evaluation process E. establishes performance standards used to evaluate employee performance

establishes performance standards used to evaluate employee performance

Organizational compensation and benefits packages most likely include all of the following EXCEPT​ ________. A. options for healthcare coverage B. exclusion from federally mandated training programs C. incentive payments D. salary​ add-ons E. base wages and salaries

exclusion from federally mandated training programs

Charismatic leadership is​ ________. A. an ability to create and communicate a plausible and attractive vision of the future B. always necessary to achieve high levels of employee performance C. the same as visionary leadership D. correlated with low performance among followers E. exhibited by enthusiastic and​ self-confident leadership

exhibited by enthusiastic and​ self-confident leadership

All of the following are generally major types of training courses offered by​ companies, EXCEPT​ ________. A. exit interview skills B. ​industry-specific training C. supervisory skills D. customer service training E. compliance information

exit interview skills

Whenever​ someone's computer goes down at Nicoh​ Enterprises, people call Gina. She is great at troubleshooting technical issues and always knows what to do to get their computers up and running again. Gina has​ ________ power. A. information B. legitimate C. reward D. expert E. coercive

expert

To ensure that new employees are successful on the​ job, they should most likely be​ ________. A. familiarized with the​ organization's culture B. shown workplace safety videos and made to sign informed consent papers C. acclimated to the union procedures and the processes for filing grievances D. given a complete tour of the facilities and shown the important areas of work E. given the appropriate time cards and identification

familiarized with the​ organization's culture

Janyce is the Human Resource manager at a manufacturing company. Her counterparts are the managers of​engineering, accounting,​ manufacturing, and purchasing. The firm is organized to create efficiencies by grouping people with common knowledge and skills. What term best describes this​ departmentalization? A. product departmentalization B. functional departmentalization C. process departmentalization D. customer departmentalization E. geographical departmentalization

functional departmentalization (organized to create efficiencies by grouping people with common knowledge and skills)

A​ company's work unit orientation program would most likely familiarize an employee with the​ ________. A. goals of the work unit B. financial projections for the work unit and budget for new projects C. upper management and board of directors of the corporation D. previous problems involving former employees in the work unit E. ​company's economic environment

goals of the work unit

A​ ________ strategy involves expansion of one or more aspects of a business. A. growth B. renewal C. stability D. defensive E. functional

growth

What are the three types of corporate​ strategies? A. ​Concentration, innovation, and vertical integration B. Product​ development, stability, and efficient operations C. ​Diversification, concentration, and renewal D. ​Vision, growth, and differentiation E. ​Growth, stability, and renewal

growth, stability, and renewal

The textbook defines a leader as someone who can influence others and who​ ________. A. has authority by virtue of how he or she is perceived by his or her peers B. possesses expert power C. has managerial authority D. stimulates and inspires followers to achieve extraordinary outcomes E. creates and articulates an energizing vision of the future

has managerial authority

Leadership is best defined as the process of​ ________. A. controlling others B. planning and implementing an​ organization's goals C. getting along well with other people in an organization D. producing performance results E. influencing a group to accomplish objectives

influencing a group to accomplish objectives

The primary difference between entrepreneurial ventures and small businesses is that entrepreneurial ventures​________. A. employ fewer than 100 employees B. innovate and pursue growth Your answer is correct. C. are independently owned D. are independently operated E. minimally impact industry

innovate and pursue growth

The ABC company is focused on advancements in existing technology or services.​ Therefore, it is investing additional funding in research and development activities. ABC is likely pursuing​ a(n) ________ strategy. A. customer service B. innovation C. ​e-business D. renewal E. stability

innovation

Shaping behavior​ ________. A. can take place in three ways B. only involves reinforcing the final step an individual must take to achieve a desired behavior C. only needs to occur when the individual has shown a desirable response D. involves managers molding employees by gradually guiding their learning E. works by increasing the probability that the desired behavior will be​ repeated, not by weakening an undesired behavior

involves managers molding employees by gradually guiding their learning

A mechanistic organization is an organizational design that​ ________. A. has a simple structure B. is rigid and tightly controlled C. allows for a low level of departmentalization D. is adaptive E. empowers employees with more authority

is rigid and tightly controlled

A​ ________ is a written statement describing job​ content, environment, and conditions of employment. A. position assessment B. performance appraisal C. job specification D. job description E. job analysis

job description

An organized association of workers formed to protect the rights and interests of its members through the collective bargaining process is known as a​ ________. A. wage alliance B. board representative C. worker coalition D. work council E. labor union

labor union

The process of directing and influencing a group to achieve its goals is referred to as​ ________. A. leadership B. organization C. groupthink D. power E. ​micro-management

leadership

B. F.​ Skinner's research on behavior assumes that behavior is​ ________. A. learned B. negative C. unlearned D. incapable of being changed E. reflexive

learned

Leadership trait theories​ ________. A. attempted to identify certain traits that all nonleaders have B. continued to be used into the​ mid-1960s C. focused on how the leader interacted with his or her group members D. led researchers to determine that having certain traits only made it more likely that a person would be an effective leader E. eventually recognized that traits alone were sufficient for identifying effective leaders

led researchers to determine that having certain traits only made it more likely that a person would be an effective leader

Offering tuition reimbursement for employees to take​ job-related college classes reflects the trend for organizations to support​ ________. A. zero tolerance policies B. decruitment C. variable pay D. transparency E. lifelong learning

lifelong learning

The textbook focuses on​ a(n) ________ perspective when studying leadership. A. managerial B. masculine C. feminine D. ​subordinate's E. American

managerial

All of the following are contingency factors affecting an​ organization's structural choice EXCEPT​ ________. A. size B. market share C. technology D. strategy E. environmental uncertainty

market share The appropriate structure for an organization depends on four contingency​variables: strategy,​ size, technology, and degree of environmental uncertainty.

A hierarchical organization characterized by highly centralized​ authority, formalized procedures and​ practices, and specialized functions is referred to as​ a(n) ________. A. organic organization B. simple structure C. divisional structure D. mechanistic organization E. functional structure

mechanistic organization (rigid and tightly controlled)

The document that outlines the provisions governing the way a limited liability company will conduct business is known as​ a(n) ________. A. feasibility study B. HRM policy C. operating agreement D. business plan E. initial public offering

operating agreement

Based on answers to the​ MBTI, individuals are classified in four categories that include all of the following EXCEPT​________. A. thinking or feeling B. optimistic or pessimistic C. extraversion or introversion D. judging or perceiving E. sensing or intuition

optimistic or pessimistic

Bella is a new employee at Butonic. Her manager is informing her about the​ company's goals,​ history, philosophy,​procedures, and rules. This is typically part of​ ________ orientation. A. decruitment B. work unit C. organization D. exit E. ​job-specific

organization

The field of study devoted to​ understanding, predicting, and influencing the behavior of groups and individuals within organizations is known as​ ________. A. human resources management B. organizational behavior C. industrial psychology D. emotional intelligence E. organizational citizenship behavior

organizational behavior

All of the following are reasons why strategic management is important EXCEPT​ ________. A. organizational conflict B. organizational complexity C. organizational change D. organizational performance E. organizational diversity

organizational conflict

A differentiation strategy is best described as when a company​ ________. A. produces an innovative or highly differentiated product or service B. competes in niche markets using generally available products C. offers a​ low-cost, unique​ product, but one generally available in other markets D. cuts costs and restructures organizational methods E. competes in a different market than it usually does using generally available products

produces an innovative or highly differentiated product or service

Coercive power is best described as power based on​ ________. A. unique knowledge B. punishment capabilities C. position in an organization D. personal characteristics E. positive rewards

punishment capabilities

What are the two main types of renewal​ strategies? A. Goal orientation and evaluating the​ company's core values B. Diversification and concentration C. SWOT analysis and assessment initiatives D. Retrenchment and turnaround E. Horizontal integration and vertical integration

retrenchment and turnaround

Human resource planning is best defined as the process by which managers ensure they have the​ ________. A. ​long-term financial projections to determine recruitment needs B. internal rate of return projections to support HR initiatives C. necessary budgeting figures to implement job training D. most accurate marketing figures to ensure sales team planning E. right number and types of people to meet current and future HR needs

right number and types of people to meet current and future HR needs

One study found that firms that are consistently listed on​ Fortune's list of 100 Best Companies to Work For also​________. A. generated lower shareholder returns B. underperformed their peer firms that did not make the list C. significantly beat the​ S&P 500 market index D. sacrifice profits to make that list E. came close to matching the performance of the​ S&P 500

significantly beat the​ S&P 500 market index

Learning through a combination of observation and direct experience is best known as​ ________. A. shaping behavior B. social learning theory C. ​self-monitoring D. operant conditioning E. Machiavellianism

social learning theory

A​ company's ________​ spell(s) out how the organization will do what it​ does, how it will compete​ successfully, and how it will attract and satisfy customers in order to achieve its goals. A. strategies B. core competencies C. business model D. mission E. competitive advantage

strategies

A​ company's brand recognition is strong. In terms of an​ internal/external analysis, this would be classified as​ a(n) ________. A. threat B. opportunity C. resource D. strength E. weakness

strength

One general trend with regard to career development is​ ________. A. externship programs with other employers B. support for lifelong learning C. ​multi-year training programs D. ongoing career development provided by the firm E. frequent licensure testing

support for lifelong learning

In the United​ States, job satisfaction​ ________. A. reflects only the factor of income from a job B. was unaffected by the global recession C. tends to increase as income increases D. hit its highest level in 2010 E. has been steadily increasing since 1995

tends to increase as income increases

Jon easily passed the first test in his management​ class, which he attributed to his innate intelligence. When he failed the second​ test, he blamed it on a poorly written test. This is an example of​ ________. A. the fundamental attribution error B. assumed similarity C. the halo effect D. the​ self-serving bias E. the recency effect

the​ self-serving bias attributing our successes to internal factors and blaming personal failure on external factors.

Tayler believes that you should solve problems and make decisions based on facts and​ logic, not on emotions or other subjective factors. According to the Myers Briggs Type​ Indicator, Tayler would likely have​ a(n) ________ orientation. A. thinking B. introversion C. intuition D. feeling E. perceiving

thinking Thinking types use reason and logic to handle problems. They are unemotional and uninterested in​ people's feelings, and like analysis and putting things into logical order.

A retail competitor is building a new facility within a few blocks of your store. In terms of an​ internal/external analysis, this would be classified as​ a(n) ________. A. resource B. threat C. weakness D. opportunity E. strength

threat

As a sales associate at a luxury auto​ dealership, Andre receives a base salary each​ month, but he also receives commission based on the number of vehicles he sells and a percentage of the net profit on the vehicles sold. This is an example of​ ________. A. seniority pay B. variable pay C. ​pay-for-knowledge D. wages E. ​skill-based pay

variable pay

A Gallup survey of almost 200 highly successful entrepreneurs revealed that they possess all of the following strengths in some quantity EXCEPT​ ________. A. wealth B. confidence C. independence D. delegation ability E. knowledge

wealth

Fast food chains dividing work activities into separate job​ tasks, such as cooking​ burgers, drive-thru​ order-taking, and cashiering​ dine-in orders, is a great example of​ ________. A. departmentalization B. formalization C. centralization D. the chain of command E. work specialization

work specialization

When an individual experiences a number of negative behaviors repeatedly over a period of time that result in physical or mental​ harm, it is known as​ _________. A. zero tolerance B. workplace bullying C. sexual harassment D. socialization E. transparency

workplace bullying

Martina's performance appraisal​ isn't based solely on her​ boss's opinion. Feedback is solicited from several of her​coworkers, colleagues in other departments with whom she interacts on a regular​ basis, and even her subordinates. What performance appraisal method does​ Martina's company​ use? A. ​360-degree appraisal B. MBO C. Multiperson comparison D. BARS E. Critical incident

​360-degree appraisal

What is the main advantage of the critical incident method of performance​ appraisal? A. Quick implementation B. Employee comparisons C. Highly quantifiable D. ​Behavior-related examples E. Multiple feedback sources

​Behavior-related examples

What are the three components that make up an​ attitude? A. ​Beliefs, opinions, and knowledge B. Job​ satisfaction, job​ involvement, and organizational commitment C. ​Happiness, sadness, and anger D. ​Cognition, affect, and behavior E. ​Cognition, affect, and engagement

​Cognition, affect, and behavior

Counterproductive workplace misbehavior can be categorized in which of the following four​ ways? A. Citizenship​ behavior, turnover,​ deviance, and violence B. ​Deviance, aggression, antisocial​ behavior, and violence C. ​Aggression, misdemeanors,​ felonies, and violence D. ​Absenteeism, aggression,​ defiance, and turnover E. ​Turnover, absenteeism,​ aggression, and violence

​Deviance, aggression, antisocial​ behavior, and violence

What are the four leadership behaviors identified by the​ path-goal model? A. Unable and​ unwilling, unable but​ willing, able but​ willing, and able and willing B. ​Directive, supportive,​ participative, and​ achievement-oriented C. ​Directive, supportive,​ participative, and​ relationship-oriented D. ​Telling, selling,​ participating, and delegating E. ​Directive, supportive,​ participative, and task oriented

​Directive, supportive,​ participative, and​ achievement-oriented

Which of the following contingency theories of leadership is described​ correctly? A. ​Fiedler's model identified four leadership​ behaviors: directive,​ supportive, participative, and​achievement-oriented. B. Robert​ House's model attempted to define the best leader personality traits across situations. C. ​Fiedler's model attempted to define the best style to use in particular situations. D. Hersey and​ Blanchard's model focused on the idea that it is the​ leader's job to assist followers in attaining their goals E. Robert​ House's situational leadership theory focused on​ followers' readiness.

​Fiedler's model attempted to define the best style to use in particular situations.

Which of these factors is NOT one of the four most relevant factors that help explain effective​ leadership? A. Organizational culture B. ​Follower's religion C. ​Follower's experience D. National culture E. ​Followers' abilities

​Follower's religion

Which leadership behavior generates the most employee commitment and the highest job​ performance? A. ​Change-oriented behavior B. ​Laissez-faire behavior C. ​Relations-oriented behavior D. ​Task-oriented behavior E. Autocratic behavior

​Relations-oriented behavior

Which of these broad categories of leader behavior describes leaders who care about their​ followers' needs? A. Autocratic behavior B. ​Change-oriented behavior C. ​Relations-oriented behavior D. ​Task-oriented behavior E. ​Laissez-faire behavior

​Relations-oriented behavior

At which stage of business is the entrepreneur​ "the heart and​ soul" of the​ business? A. Scaling stage B. ​Start-up stage C. Transition stage D. Mature stage E. Exit stage

​Start-up stage

The five dimensions that make up the concept of trust are​ integrity, consistency,​ loyalty, ________, and​ ________. A. ​competence; openness B. ​openness; concern C. ​openness; empathy D. ​competence; restraint E. ​flexibility; loyalty

​competence; openness

The three factors that attribution theory depends on are​ ________. A. ​distinctiveness, variance, and consistency B. ​perceiver, target, and situation C. ​distinctiveness, consensus, and thoughtfulness D. ​likeness, consensus, and consistency E. ​distinctiveness, consensus, and consistency

​distinctiveness, consensus, and consistency

Recruitment efforts focus on​ ________. A. reducing the workforce size B. making recommendations to top management C. ​locating, identifying, and attracting skilled job candidates D. defining the job description and evaluating the job pool E. ​locating, incentivizing, and rewarding capable candidates

​locating, identifying, and attracting skilled job candidates

Thirty years​ ago, almost all large firms provided employees with​ ________. A. ​multi-year training programs and ongoing career development workshops B. high salaries and guaranteed lifetime employment C. tuition reimbursement and sabbaticals after five years of employment D. child care furnished by the organization and four weeks of vacation E. multiple avenues to advance within the organization

​multi-year training programs and ongoing career development workshops

According to Hersey and​ Blanchard's situational leadership​ theory, when a follower is​ ________ then a leader should use the​ ________ style. A. ​able/unwilling; selling B. ​unable/unwilling; delegating C. ​unable/willing; participative D. ​unable/unwilling; telling E. ​able/willing; participative

​unable/unwilling; telling

Research estimates that​ ________ percent of employees have been bullied at work. A. 29 B. 64 C. 4 D. 38 E. 12

29

In​ 2017, what percent of the U.S. private workforce was employed by small​ businesses? A. 23.2 percent B. 88.4 percent C. 47.5 percent D. 10.1 percent E. 35.7 percent

47.5 percent

What percentage of CEOs say that their​ "human capital" is the key source of sustained economic​ value? A. 94 percent B. 71 percent C. 35 percent D. 47 percent E. 13 percent

71 percent

Which of the following organizations would likely favor a mechanistic​ structure? A. A​ mom-and-pop dog grooming business with 5 employees B. A corporation with​ 2,000 employees in an industry where change is a constant and there is a high level of environmental uncertainty C. A corporation with​ 2,500 employees that is in a relatively stable environment D. A financial services firm with 35 employees in a highly competitive industry E. A​ start-up software company with 16 employees

A corporation with​ 2,500 employees that is in a relatively stable environment

Which of the following best describes a cost leadership​ strategy? A. A cost leadership strategy is when a company alters product quality to reduce product price. B. A cost leadership strategy is a​ company's ability to provide a product for less because it has lower costs. C. A cost leadership strategy is when managers focus on making new and innovative products. D. A cost leadership strategy is when a company has the lowest prices. E. A cost leadership strategy involves having the highest quality products at premium prices.

A cost leadership strategy is a​ company's ability to provide a product for less because it has lower costs.

Which statement about organizational structures is​ FALSE? A. A functional structure is similar to organizational departmentalization. B. With a divisional​ structure, each division has limited choices. C. In a divisional​ structure, the division is controlled by a parent company. D. A functional structure is the simplest form of organizational structure. E. In a functional​ structure, specialties are grouped together.

A functional structure is the simplest form of organizational structure. A simple structure is the simplest form

Which of these characteristics more closely aligns with a mechanistic​ organization? A. A lack of standardized jobs B. A high degree of work specialization C. A lack of formal rules D. A low degree of centralization E. An adaptable and flexible management style

A high degree of work specialization

Which statement best describes a simple​ structure? A. Most simple structures are highly bureaucratic when first established. B. A simple structure has centralized authority around a single person. C. Regulations are necessary to keep a simple structure running smoothly. D. A simple structure requires significant departmentalization. E. A simple structure has a narrow span of control.

A simple structure has centralized authority around a single person.

Which statement about a team structure is​ FALSE? A. A team structure complements a divisional structure. B. With a team​ structure, an organization can have the efficiency of a rigid structure but also flexibility. C. A team structure provides a clear chain of command. D. Team structures allow for flexibility. E. With a team​ structure, the whole organization is made up of teams.

A team structure provides a clear chain of command.

Which of these program categories is designed to ensure that decisions and company practices enhance the​employment, upgrading, and retention of members from protected groups such as minorities and​ females? A. Public relations B. Affirmative action C. Worker adjustment and retraining D. Privacy Act E. Employee benefits

Affirmative action