Mr. Dye Period 5 AP classroom questions and Khan questions

The graph above refutes which of the following statements?

Most southern families held slaves.

wilmot proviso affect

regional identity over party loyalty

The Wilmot Proviso specifically provided for

the prohibition of slavery in lands acquired from Mexico in the Mexican War

Before 1848, the non-Indian population of the State of California was about 15-thousand people. By 1860, it was more than ____________. And, in the same time period, the Native-American population decreased from 150-thousand to ___________. The gold rush, and its impact on California, is one very dramatic illustration of the causes and effects of westward migration in the years surrounding the Civil War.

350-thousand / only 30 thousand

Senator James Henry Hammond declared that the "whole civilized world" would topple if the South ceased to supply cotton. "Cotton," he declared, ____________.

"is king."

Southerners increasingly fought criticism and began to use this phrase which down-played the word, "slavery."

"peculiar institution"

Of the 3,650,000 Blacks living in the US in 1850, how many were enslaved?

About 3,200,000

Despite Polk's war message saying that American blood had been shed on American soil, many US politicians were also skeptical about who started the war and where. A young Whig congressman from Illinois named ___________demanded that Polk show him the exact spot where American blood had been shed.

Abraham Lincoln

Richard Allen founded the _________ in Philadelphia, a separate black Christian denomination.

African Methodist Episcopal Church

This painting, which was painted in 1872 by the artist John Gast, is called ___________.

American Progress.

Sam Houston led his forces to defeat Santa Anna's army at the ____________, and forced Santa Anna to recognize Texan independence.

Battle of San Jacinto

The Mexican-American War confirmed Texas's southern border, indicating the United States victory. The United States also acquired ____________ , New Mexico, and Arizona, as well as parts of Nevada, Utah, Colorado and Wyoming.

California

What made the slave owners angry about the Compromise of 1850?

California becoming a free state

From left to right, who are they?

Clay, Calhoun, Webster

The idea of Manifest Destiny included all of the following beliefs EXCEPT:

Commerce and industry would decline as the nation expanded its agricultural base.

Which of the following did NOT contribute to the perception of many White Southerners that antislavery sentiment was spreading in the 1850s?

Congress voted to end the interstate slave trade.

"With regard to the northwestern States, to which the ordinance of 1787 was applied—Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, and Michigan—no one now believes that any one of those States, if they thought proper to do it, has not just as much a right to introduce slavery within her borders as Virginia has a right to maintain the existence of slavery within hers. "Then, if in this struggle of power and empire between the two classes of states a decision of California has taken place adverse to the wishes of the southern States, it is a decision not made by the General [federal] Government; it is a decision respecting which they cannot complain to the General Government. It is a decision made by California herself, and which California had incontestably a right to make under the Constitution of the United States. . . . The question of slavery, either of its introduction or interdiction, is silent as respects the action of this [federal] Government; and if it has been decided, it has been by a different body—by a different power—by California herself, who had a right to make that decision." Senator Henry Clay, speech in the United States Senate, 1850 The excerpt best reflects which of the following historical situations

Congressional leaders sought political compromise to resolve discord between the North and the South.

__________, a free black Boston clothing merchant, wrote an influential pamphlet denouncing slavery and racial discrimination called An Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World in 1829. Because southern post offices refused to deliver anti-slavery literature through the mail, he sewed copies of the pamphlet into the linings of coats of black sailors headed to southern ports.

David Walker

The Compromise of 1850 did which of the following?

Enacted a stringent fugitive slave law.

Under both federal law and Missouri law as understood at the time, a slave would have lost his slave status and become a free man as soon as he stepped foot onto free territory. This was known as the ____________________ .

Extra-territorial Emancipation Doctrine.

The Kansas-Nebraska Act re-affirmed the legality of the Missouri Compromise of 1820,

False

The Supreme Court's decision in the Dred Scott case in 1857 effectively repealed the

Fugitive Slave Act

He planned to raid the federal armory at ____________ where he aimed to steal weapons and arm enslaved people for an insurrection. The raid was put down by proslavery militiamen and US Marines commanded by General Robert E. Lee, who would go on to become the commander of the Confederate Army. Brown was captured, convicted of treason, and hanged.

Harper's Ferry, Virginia

He becomes this very famous legislator because he's good at compromising. He's called the "Great Compromiser". Who is "he?"

Henry Clay

In 1862, Congress also passed the ___________, which grated 160 acres of land, for free to anyone over the age of 21 who had never taken up arms against the U.S. Government, so no one who was affiliated with the Confederacy, as long as they made improvements to the land within five years. And this included women, immigrants, and African-Americans.

Homestead Act

The trend shown in the map led most directly to which of the following? Growth of the US, 1783-1853

Increasing divisions between north and south because of status of slavery

Prior to the Civil War, a transformation occurred in the workforce of the New England textile mills as New England farm girls were replaced by

Irish immigrants

Which of the following best describes the policy of the government of Mexico toward Texas?

It encouraged American settlement in Texas in the 1820's and early 1830's.

Which of the following statement about the Dred Scott decision is correct?

It stated that Black people were not citizens of the United States.

US President __________ is the leader most associated with Manifest Destiny.

James K. Polk (1845-1849)

This drive to expand the United States West to the Pacific is often called manifest destiny, based on a phrase that was coined by New York journalist __________ , who wrote in 1845 that westward expansion would be "The fulfillment of our manifest destiny "to overspread the continent allotted by Providence "for the free development "of our yearly multiplying millions." Selected:

John O'Sullivan

The first attempt to apply the doctrine of popular sovereignty in determining the status of slavery occurred in

Kansas

Proslavery Missourians helped to secure a proslavery legislature in Kansas, which drafted a proslavery constitution known as the ____________.

Lecompton Constitution

Growth of the US, 1783-1853

Manifest Destiny

(pic of piece of land in southwest US)

Mexican Cession

"We're gonna keep this compromise going "to make sure that there are the same number "of free and slave states, so we'll let ____ in "as a slave state at the same time "we let ____ in as a free state."

Missouri / Maine

Support for slavery in the Southern states was based on all of the following reasons EXCEPT:

Most White families owned slaves.

"True, the rebellion is quelled . . . You have seen, it is to be feared, but the beginning of sorrows. All the blood which has been shed will be acquired at your hands. At your hands alone? No--but at the hands of the people of New-England and of all the free states. The crime of oppression is national. The South is only the agent in this guilty traffic. But, remember! the same causes are at work which must inevitably produce the same effects; and when the contest shall have again begun, it must be a war of extermination. . ." -Source: William Lloyd Garrison, The Liberator, 1831 The excerpt was written in response to which of the following events?

Nat Turner's Revolt

Which of the following principles was established by the Dred Scott decision?

National legislation could not limit the spread of slavery in the territories.

Wilmot Proviso

No slavery in area taken from Mexico (also defeated)

In 1862, in the midst of the Civil War, Congress passed the ____________ , which granted railroad companies more than 100-million acres in order to complete a transcontinental railroad, which they did in 1869. Selected:

Pacific Railway Act

The chart below represents... (pie chart)

Percentage of whites who enslaved African Americans in the US South, 1850 (by number of people they enslaved)

"Your Memorialist . . . represents to your honorable body, that he has devoted much time and attention to the subject of a railroad from Lake Michigan through the Rocky Mountains to the Pacific Ocean, and that he finds such a route practicable, the results from which would be incalculable—far beyond the imagination of man to estimate. . . . "It would enable us, in the short space of eight days (and perhaps less) to concentrate all the forces of our vast country at any point from Maine to Oregon. . . . Such easy and rapid communication with such facilities for exchanging the different products of the different parts would bring all our immensely wide spread population together. . . . "[W]ith a railroad to the Pacific, and thence to China by steamers, can be performed in thirty days, being now a distance of nearly seventeen thousand miles. . . Then the drills and sheetings of Connecticut, Rhode Island, and Massachusetts, and other manufactures of the United States, may be transported to China in thirty days; and the teas and rich silks of China, in exchange, come back to New Orleans, to Charleston, to Washington, to Baltimore, to Philadelphia, New York, and to Boston, in thirty days more." Asa Whitney, merchant, "National Railroad, Connecting the Atlantic and Pacific Ocean," memorial to the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States, 1845 The excerpt best reflects which of the following developments?

Popular support for the idea of Manifest Destiny

The United States gained which of the following from the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1848 ?

Possession of California and most of the Southwest

The person with the cane attacking the other is _______________________.

Preston Brooks, a Southerner

Most important, the Kansas-Nebraska Act gave rise to the _______________ , a new political party that attracted northern Whigs, Democrats who shunned the Kansas-Nebraska Act, members of the Free-Soil Party, and assorted abolitionists.

Republican Party

In the spring of 1846, tensions mounted between the United States and Mexico, and the Mexican-American War (1846-1848) started, in part, over a border dispute between the two countries. Mexico claimed the Nueces River to be Texas's southern border, but the United States insisted the border lay further south at the __________ .

Rio Grande River

The Republican Party of the 1850s took which of the following positions on slavery?

Slavery could remain where it existed but should not be extended into territories or new states.

For the United States government, the addition of this new territory was political kryptonite. Both Northerners and Southerners were convinced that the opposite region was conspiring to limit their economic opportunities in the West. During the war, Congressman David Wilmot of Pennsylvania introduced a resolution in the House that would prohibit slavery in any territory gained from the conflict. The reaction to the Wilmot Priviso showed just how big the sectional divide in the country was becoming, since party lines broke down entirely. Northerners, Whig, and Democrat alike voted for the Wilmot Proviso, and Southerners, Whig, and Democrat alike voted against it. Ultimately, the proviso passed in the House was defeated in the Senate. And then gold was discovered in California, just before the end of the war, sending hordes of prospectors West and making statehood for California an urgent issue that would soon upset the balance of power between free and slave states in Congress. In other words, we can draw a direct line from the Mexican War to the breakdown of the second party system, which was replaced by a solidly ____________and a ______________, and from there to the Civil War.

Southern Democratic party / new Northern Republican party

The most appropriate title for the image blow is... (image showing expansion of the south)

The Cotton Kingdom

_____________________ aimed to preserve Western lands for small white farmers.

The Free Soil Movement

The map below BEST illustrates the results of which of the following? (shows slavery in new territories)

The Kansas-Nebraska Act

This image is from which conflict? (stone fort)

The War for Texas Independence

Which of the following was a common justification in the United States for the trend depicted in the map? Growth of the US, 1783-1853

The belief in White cultural and political superiority

Which of the following was the most direct catalyst for the secession of South Carolina?

The election of 1860

"Not far from this time Nat Turner's insurrection [a slave rebellion] broke out; and the news threw our town into great commotion. . . . "It was always the custom to have a muster every year. On that occasion every White man shouldered his musket. The citizens and the so-called country gentlemen wore military uniforms. . . . "I knew the houses were to be searched; and I expected it would be done by country bullies and the poor Whites. . . . "It was a grand opportunity for the low Whites, who had no Negroes of their own to scourge. They exulted in such a chance to exercise a little brief authority, and show their subserviency to the slaveholders; not reflecting that the power which trampled on the colored people also kept themselves in poverty, ignorance, and moral degradation. . . . Colored people and slaves who lived in remote parts of the town suffered in an especial manner. In some cases the searchers scattered [gun]powder and shot among their clothes, and then sent other parties to find them, and bring them forward as proof that they were plotting insurrection." Harriet Ann Jacobs, Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl, published in 1861, describing events earlier in the nineteenth century Which of the following statements would an abolitionist claim supported the ideas expressed in the excerpt?

The immorality of slavery had a widespread corrupting effect on Southern culture.

Anti-immigrant nativism of the 1840s and 1850s had the most in common with which of the following earlier developments?

The passage of the Alien and Sedition Acts (1798), which limited rights for foreign-born residents

"So many people ask me what they shall do; so few tell me what they can do. Yet this is the pivot wherein all must turn. "I believe that each of us who has his place to make should go where men are wanted, and where employment is not bestowed as alms. Of course, I say to all who are in want of work, Go West! . . . "On the whole I say, stay where you are; do as well as you can; and devote every spare hour to making yourself familiar with the conditions and dexterity required for the efficient conservation of out-door industry in a new country. Having mastered these, gather up your family and Go West!" Horace Greeley, editor of the New York Tribune, letter to R. L. Sanderson, 1871 Which of the following late-nineteenth-century federal actions most directly supported the ideas expressed in the excerpt?

The sale of land to settlers at low cost

Which of the following states the principle of "popular sovereignty?"

The settlers in a given territory have the sole right to decide whether or not slavery will be permitted there.

Which of the following provisions of the Compromise of 1850 provoked the most controversy in the 1850's?

The strengthened Fugitive Slave Law

He called the issue of having slavery "like holding a wolf by the ears. You can't hold onto it, but you can't let it go." Who is "he?"

Thomas Jefferson

It is a great and dangerous error to suppose that all people are equally entitled to liberty. It is a reward to be earned, not a blessing to be gratuitously lavished on all alike . . . not a boon to be bestowed on a people too ignorant, degraded and vicious, to be capable either of appreciating or of enjoying it." Who would be most likely to NOT have authored the quote above?

Thomas Jefferson

After the two nations made peace by signing the _______________ in mid 1848, the United States gained over a million square miles of new territory, a landmass larger than the Louisiana Purchase.

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

Southern sociologist George Fitzhugh argued that poor whites should be enslaved in addition to people of African descent in order to protect them from being eaten alive in the free market. Selected:

True

What did this person do in Kansas? (john brown)

What did this person do in Kansas?

This (picture) transformed cotton into a profitable crop by reducing its processing time and making large-scale cultivation possible. What is it?

Whitney's Gin

Before there were gold miners flooding San Francisco, most people who went to the West were farmers. As land became scarcer in the East, a trickle of farming families headed to the fertile of ___________ Oregon, through the Oregon Trail.

Willamette Valley

Meanwhile, the debate over the __________ was one of the major events leading up to the Civil War. The legislation, which was strongly opposed by the slaveholding South, asserted that the Mexican-American War had not been fought for the purpose of expanding slavery, and stipulated that slavery would never exist in the territories acquired from Mexico in the war.

Wilmot Proviso

The issue of whether to permit slavery in the territories organized in this new land consumed Congress at the end of the 1840s. During the war, Congressman David Wilmot introduced the _________, a proposal to ban slavery in any new territory acquired from Mexico. The measure passed in the House of Representatives but failed in the Senate.

Wilmot Proviso

Which American General and furture President should you associate with this image? (pic of southwest US during mexican american war)

Zachary Taylor

The class system in the South was extremely rigid and aristocratic, not far off from ____________.

a medieval feudal society

Enslaved African Americans found many ways to survive the physical and emotional toll exacted by slavery. The outcome of this was

a new African American culture blending folk traditions from Africa, the Caribbean, and the Americas.

The 1854 Kansas-Nebraska Act instituted popular sovereignty to

allow people living in a territory to determine whether slavery should be permitted there

Slave owners argued that they treated their enslaved laborers _______________________.

better than Northern factory owners treated their "wage slaves."

kansas nebraska act result

birth of republican party

The K-N Act stipulated that the settlers of the Kansas territory would vote on whether to permit slavery. Pro- and antislavery activists quickly flooded Kansas with the intention of influencing the vote on slavery. Proslavery Missourians who crossed the border to vote in Kansas became known as __________ .

border ruffians

Until 1836, Texas had been part of Mexico, but in that year a group of settlers from the United States who lived in Mexican Texas

declared their independence

A significant result of the Mexican-American War of 1846-1848 was that the United States

experienced increasing tension over the issue of slavery

Why would a Southerner care? If I'm a slaveowner, I own a plantation in South Carolina or Georgia, why do I care if Missouri enters as a free state?

free states might have more representation in Congress, and then they can vote to outlaw slavery.

sutters mill

gold

Manifest destiny

john o sullivan

john brown

kansas

Both Northerners and Southerners _____________ for their future economic opportunities, and both sides suspected the other of trying to suppress their paths to social mobility. Selected:

looked to the West

Many people found work in the industries that served the miners, like hardware stores, boarding houses, and restaurants. And between 1860 and 1880, the ___________ in the United States tripled.

miles of railroad track

If the international slave trade ended in 1808, how would you explain the information in the chart below with regard to the slave population? (Sorry I can't use the pic)

natural increase from within the US

The Supreme Court in the Dred Scott case decided that Dred Scott was ....

not a citizen

The most controversial and divisive component of the Compromise of 1850 was the

passage of a tougher national fugitive slave act

incapacitated president

pierce

manifest destiny president

polk

correct order of presidents

taylor, fillmore, pierce, buchanan

The first Industrial Revolution centered on the creation of cotton fabric. The ____________ demanded cotton, and the American South supplied it. By 1820, the United States was growing more than 30 times as much cotton as it had in 1793.

textile mills of New England and Great Britain

So what is something the Abolitionists were angry about in the Compromise of 1850?

the Fugitive Slave Act

Both of these images have in common (pictures of plantations expressed in a positive manner)

the Southern idealized view of plantation life

Black abolitionists also acted as the primary "conductors" on _________, an informal network of activists who helped enslaved people escape.

the Underground Railroad

In 1860 Abraham Lincoln was elected president on a Republican platform that advocated all of the following EXCEPT

the abolition of slavery throughout the United States

Wealth was measured in the South by _____________________________________.

the number of enslaved people a planter owned

One of the things you get out this Compromise of 1850 is a really strong backlash of Abolitionist sentiment in the North. For example,

the writing of Uncle Tom's Cabin

Which of the following would most likely have opposed the Kansas-Nebraska Act?

A New England abolitionist

The person who created the image below was likely (horrid massacre of virginia pic)

a white Southerner

Politics in the United States fractured over the issue of whether Texas should be admitted

as a slave state of free state

Most enslaved people lived on ______________.

large plantations

Congress avoided a direct decision on the question of slavery in the new Territory of New Mexico and the Territory of Utah, employing the principle of ___________ . This allowed white residents of the territories to decide for themselves whether to allow slavery.

popular sovereignty

The Kansas-Nebraska Act established that in these territories, the principle of ________ would apply, meaning that the white residents of each territory would vote on whether to permit slavery when applying for statehood.

popular sovereignty

In the late 1700s, when enthusiasm for liberty was high and profits from slavery were low, some observers predicted that ___________________.

the institution would soon die out altogether in the United States.

If you had to boil the differences between the North and South into something very basic, it would be that

the north industrialized with an immigrant wage labor force while the south evolved with plantation agriculture and a slave labor force

"I am filled with deep emotion at finding myself standing here in the place . . . from which sprang the institutions under which we live. . . . I have never had a feeling politically that did not spring from the sentiments embodied in the Declaration of Independence. . . . It was not the mere matter of the separation of the colonies from the mother land; but something in that Declaration giving liberty, not alone to the people of this country, but hope to the world for all future time. It was that which gave promise that in due time the weights should be lifted from the shoulders of all men. . . . "Now, my friends, can this country be saved upon that basis? If it can, I will consider myself one of the happiest men in the world if I can help to save it. If it can't be saved upon that principle, it will be truly awful. "Now, in my view of the present aspect of affairs, there need be no bloodshed and war. . . . And I may say in advance, there will be no blood shed unless it be forced upon the Government. . . . "My friends, this is a wholly unprepared speech. I did not expect to be called upon to say a word when I came here. . . . I may, therefore, have said something indiscreet, but I have said nothing but what I am willing to live by, and, in the pleasure of Almighty God, die by." President-elect Abraham Lincoln, speaking at Independence Hall in Philadelphia, February 22, 1861 The excerpt most likely reflects which of the following historical situations?

States in the South had begun seceding after the presidential election.

The black church was the center of the free black community, and the spirituality it expressed was a this-worldly faith. Formal black churches began with small informal groups meeting for worship in peoples' homes, with Sunday school classes, with a core of black worshipers relegated to a corner or gallery in predominantly white churches, or in the camp meetings or revival weeks held by evangelical sects. The black church became a sanctuary from oppresion where the spirits of God and the ancestors who had suffered through two hundred years of slavery and discrimination in American could be called on to give guidance, strength, and support to members of the congregation." -Source: James Oliver Horton and Lois E. Horton, historians, In Hope of Liberty: Culture, Community and Protest Among Northern Free Blacks, 1700-1860, 1998 The excerpt most strongly supports which of the following arguments about the role churches played in the abolition movement?

They provided a space to form black communities.

This is a print showing the San Francisco Harbor in 1848 (below left). There's a little smattering of houses, and a few boats in the water. It looks pretty peaceful, and it was. San Francisco only had about a thousand residents, and California had only newly become a U.S. territory at the close of the Mexican-American War. And this is a photograph of San Francisco Harbor in 1850 (below right). The water is crowded with ships, and the land is crowded with houses. Less than two years later, San Francisco had 30-thousand residents, mainly young men who had come from all over the world, making the city perhaps the most culturally-diverse place on earth at that time period. What happened?

the short answer is, gold

Although __________of the white population of the South did not own any enslaved people, a culture of white supremacy ensured that poor whites identified more with rich slaveholders than with enslaved African Americans.

three-quarters

Most of the Irish immigrants who came to the United States following the potato famine of the 1840s settled in

urban areas of the North

Another reason if you're, say, a ____________, why you might care whether a new state is a slave state, is you're worried about opportunities for yourself out in the West. We know that Horace Greeley, this famous newspaper editor, he says, "What do you do if you're a ______ in New York, a young white man, who doesn't know how to get ahead?" He says, "Go West,______ . "You can go out there, you can get some land, "you can start a farm, but if you go out there "and you find that all of the land has been bought up "by rich slaveholders from the South, "you might not be able to get any land, "and you certainly might not be able to, "for example, sell your corn at a rate low enough "that you could beat somebody who has free labor." So, there's this interesting economic argument which is it's hard to compete with slavery. I mean, you're literally talking about labor that does not need traditional wages.

young man