Mr. Foster Midterm Review Ch. 1-11

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"Shaping the agenda" is a phrase used to describe the role of A) the president in the State of the Union address B) the news media in determining which issues and personalities get attention C) the president's chief of staff D) the Supreme Court in choosing cases to hear E) the Joint Conference Committee

1) The Preamble to the Constitution begins A) "We the People. . ." B) "Four score and seven years ago. . ." C) "When in the course of human events. . ." D) "In order to form a more perfect Union. . ." E) "These are the times that try men's souls. . ."

11) The system of government in which power is divided between the state and national governments is called A) federalism. B) unitarism. C) pluralism. D) confederation. E) constitutionalism.

12. How many citizens did the Constitution initially mandate that each member of the House of Representatives should represent? a. 30,000 b. 60,000 c. 100,000 d. 130,000 e. 200,000

13) The most serious disagreement in the debate between large and small states at the Constitutional Convention was over the issue of A) representation in Congress. B) judicial power. C) westward expansion. D) taxation. E) creating a Supreme Court.

13) Without the supremacy clause, A) state laws could supersede national law. B) states could impeach U.S. Supreme Court justices. C) federal government could enact laws dealing with education. D) international law would be supreme to acts of Congress. E) local law could supersede state law.

14) Which of the following public policies would social conservatives be most likely to support? A) Overturning Roe v. Wade B) Decreasing defense spending C) Prohibiting any references to God or religion on money or government buildings D) Universal healthcare provided by the government E) Regulating the banking and financial sectors

15) Social conservatives, who now form a large part of the base of the Republican Party, often are also members of A) religious organizations. B) programs seeking to expand welfare programs. C) groups seeking to keep government out of Americans' private lives. D) groups seeking to enhance marriage by allowing domestic partnerships. E) pro-choice groups.

15) The Three-Fifths Compromise was a deal to A) iron out the differences between slave-holding and non-slave-holding states. B) give northern and southern states equal representation in the House of Representatives. C) determine how a chief executive would be selected. D) iron out differences between greatly populated and sparsely populated states. E) ultimately create the Electoral College.

15) The amendment process for the Constitution is set out in Article V and creates a A) two-stage process of proposal and ratification. B) fairly easy procedure for changing the document. C) single-stage process utilizing conventions or Congress. D) process by which the states, Congress, the executive branch, and a majority of voters must agree on changes to the document. E) process of congressional approval and presidential signing into law.

16) Advocates of the Tea Party movement, who advocate strongly for states' rights, would MOST likely support which of the following types of government? A) Confederation B) Federal system C) Unitary system D) Republicanism E) Communitarianism

16) The bicameral U.S. Congress is a byproduct of which of the following proposals? A) The Virginia Plan B) The Missouri Compromise C) The New Jersey Plan D) The Connecticut Plan E) Amendments to the Articles of Confederation

16. According to Isaiah Berlin, a noted historian and philosopher, which two factors, above all, have shaped human history in the twentieth century? a. science and technology, and ideology b. science and technology, and religion c. science and technology, and trade d. religion and ideology e. trade and ideology

17) The First Amendment of the Constitution provides for which of the following? A) Freedom of assembly B) Right to bear arms C) Right to vote D) Right to an attorney E) Federal form of government

18) Under the No Child Left Behind Act, states have the authority to design their educational systems as they wish, but they must comply with certain national standards to receive funding. This division of power is an example of A) federalism. B) unitarism. C) pluralism. D) confederation. E) constitutionalism.

19) Which Article of the Constitution establishes the legislative branch? A) Article I B) Article II C) Article III D) Article IV E) Article V

2) A system of government where the local and regional governments derive all authority from a strong national government is known as a A) unitary system. B) federal system. C) confederate system. D) monarchy. E) presidential system.

2) Patrick Henry and Samuel Adams were among the leaders of the A) Sons of Liberty. B) Stamp Act Congress. C) Philadelphia Parliament. D) Continental Congress. E) Virginia House of Burgesses.

2) The First Continental Congress was called to A) iron out differences with the king. B) author a Declaration of Independence. C) respond to taxes levied by the Stamp Act. D) address the fighting at Lexington and Concord. E) respond to the Boston Massacre.

20) Pennsylvania and Virginia actually went to war with one another due in large part to the lack of _________ in the Articles of Confederation. A) a judiciary to resolve conflicts B) a national military to appease rebellions C) a chief executive to enforce order D) taxation provisions E) proportional representation in the Congress

22) Over time, Americans' expectations of government have generally A) increased. B) remained the same. C) decreased. D) been eliminated. E) not been measured.

22) U.S. Supreme Court justices are appointed by the A) president. B) Cabinet. C) states. D) House of Representatives. E) Senate.

24) Americans have the highest levels of trust in A) medicine. B) Congress. C) the executive branch. D) business and industry. E) the press.

3) By the early 1760s, all colonies had A) drafted their own constitutions. B) abolished religious freedom. C) grown closer to the Crown in spite of the distance. D) begun to enforce feudal craft systems. E) continued the British practice of compulsory tithing.

3) Hobbes would most likely argue for which of the following forms of government? A) Totalitarianism B) Republicanism C) Aristocracy D) Democracy E) Anarchy

5) The Tenth Amendment provides for A) states' reserve or police powers. B) states' implied powers. C) concurrent state and federal powers. D) enumerated federal powers. E) taking private property for public purposes.

6) A type of government in which the national government is weaker than the sum of its parts is called a A) confederation. B) federal system. C) unitary system. D) democracy. E) republic.

6) Republics are A) representative democracies. B) direct democracies. C) a hallmark of unitary governments. D) frequently found in totalitarian regimes. E) another name for states.

6) Which of the following does NOT describe democracy? A. It exists in a direct form in the federal government of United States. B. It can be both direct and indirect. C. It is one of Aristotle's classifications of government. D. It is similar to a polity in terms of who governs. E. It is the most common form of government in the world.

7) The 1786 rebellion in which an army of 1,500 disgruntled farmers marched on Springfield, Massachusetts, to prevent foreclosure on their farms was called A) Shays's Rebellion. B) Paul Revere's Ride. C) Bacon's Rebellion. D) the Battle of Lexington and Concord. E) the Second Boston Tea Party.

9) One of the Articles of Confederation's greatest weaknesses was that it A) had no strong central government. B) had a strong president. C) had the ability to coin money. D) had a legislature that refused to meet. E) created a tyrannical central government.

A new Congress is seated every ________ years. A) two B) three C) four D) six E) eight

A photo in your textbook illustrates "white" and "colored" ________ to symbolize southern segregation. A) water fountains B) schools C) trains D) streets E) houses

A presidential pardon a. frees a convicted criminal. b. gives U.S. entry to a foreign leader. c. removes a president from office. d. breaks a tie in the Senate.

A presidential veto of legislation can only be overturned by a (a) two-thirds vote in both houses of Congress. (b) two-thirds vote in the Senate. (c) two-thirds vote in the House. (d) three-fifths vote in both houses of Congress.

Abolitionists worked toward A) ending slavery. B) abolishing suffrage limits for women. C) continuing the slave trade. D) the emancipation of women. E) eliminating discrimination for all Americans.

Agreements that the president enters into with foreign nations that do not require the advice and consent of the Senate are called A) executive agreements. B) executive orders. C) memos of understanding. D) memos of commitment. E) covenants.

Agreements that the president enters into with foreign nations that do not require the advice and consent of the Senate are called: a). executive agreements; b). executive orders; c). treaties; d) covenants.

All bills must be introduced by A) members of Congress. B) the president. C) interest groups. D) staffers. E) the president's Cabinet.

All of the following are true of reconciliation EXCEPT that it A) allows Republicans and Democrats to forge closer ties. B) was used to help pass the 2010 health care reform bill. C) is used relatively frequently. D) limits House and Senate debates on any bill to twenty hours. E) was part of the Congressional Budget Act of 1974.

All of the following government officials are appointed by the president EXCEPT a. majority floor leaders. b. ambassadors. c. consuls. d. justices of the Supreme Court.

Article I, Section 8 of the Constitution contains which powers of Congress? a. enumerated b. restrictive c. military d. implied e. executive

As commander in chief, the President (a) is the leader of all the nation's armed forces. (b) initiates legislation. (c) is the director of the government. (d) represents the citizens of the United States abroad.

As early as 1937, the U.S. Supreme Court decided that A) fundamental rights should be subject to a higher standard of review. B) there should be three standards of review when examining state civil rights infringements. C) some unpopular rights such as homosexuality would never be constitutionality protected. D) all rights should be subject to the same level of consideration. E) race should be subject to the rational basis test.

As late as 1970, the U.S. Supreme Court refused to I. apply the equal protection clause to discrimination against women. II. allow women to be firefighters. III. allow women to sit on juries. IV. support the creation of the President's Commission on the Status of Women. A) I only B) II only C) II and III D) I and III E) I and IV

Before the ratification of the Constitution, the United States was organized as ___________. a. colonies b. a confederation c. a monarchy d. an oligarchy e. a conglomerate

Bills can be forced out of committee A) by a discharge petition signed by a majority of House members. B) by a vote of cloture. C) by removing a hold. D) by the committee chair. E) by amending a majority of the original bill's provisions.

Committees to which proposed bills are referred and that continue from one Congress to the next are called ________ committees. A) standing B) conference C) ad hoc D) joint E) special

Congressional leaders whose major task is to keep party members in line and track votes are called A) party whips. B) majority leaders. C) minority leaders. D) sergeants at arms. E) president pro tempores.

Cooperative federalism is characterized by A) a stronger, more influential national government. B) a stronger state government. C) a shift in power from national to state government. D) the increasing power of local government. E) the increasing power of both state and local governments.

Distinctions based on which of the following classifications are MOST likely to receive strict scrutiny? A) Race B) Gender C) Age D) Sexual preference E) Wealth

During the early years of the New Deal, the Supreme Court A) ruled certain New Deal programs unconstitutional. B) consistently enforced the supremacy clause. C) fully cooperated with the administration to combat the Depression. D) worked in favor of programs designed to combat the Depression. E) consistently returned cases involving New Deal legislation to state courts for consideration.

Ex post facto laws A) are unconstitutional. B) require judges to remove prisoners from jail. C) are found in the Seventh Amendment. D) inflict punishment on individuals without judicial action. E) require authorities to prove a prisoner is being held lawfully.

Gerrymandering is less likely to occur when A) only one district is involved. B) there is racial heterogeneity. C) political parties are strong. D) courts control the process. E) district boundaries are established for ten-year periods.

How many amendments have been made to the Constitution since its ratification? a. twenty-seven b. ten c. thirty-six d. twelve e. fifteen

If a person yells that there is a bomb on a bus when he knows that there isn't, his exclamation is not considered protected speech under A) Schenck v. U.S. B) Brandenburg v. Ohio. C) Roth v. U.S. D) Tinker v. Des Moines Independent School District. E) Lemon v. Kurtzman.

If you vote for a candidate whom you believe thinks and acts exactly like you, then you MOST likely subscribe to which theory of representation? A) Delegate B) Trustee C) Politico D) Representative E) Statesman

In 1955, the Montgomery bus boycott began after ________ refused to give up his/her seat on a public bus. A) Rosa Parks B) Linda Brown C) W.E.B. DuBois D) Martin Luther King, Jr. E) Thurgood Marshall

In 1964, a full decade after Brown v. Board of Education, ________ percent of African American children in the South attended integrated schools. A) fewer than 1 B) 10 C) 25 D) approximately 50 E) more than 90

In McCulloch v. Maryland, the Supreme Court ruled that A) the necessary and proper clause gave Congress the power to charter a bank. B) states had the power to tax the federal government. C) the commerce clause expressly allowed Congress to charter a bank. D) the supremacy clause did not apply. E) it lacked the jurisdiction over the specifics of the case.

In The Price of Federalism, political scientist Paul E. Peterson considered how governments should best divide policymaking responsibility, focusing mainly on _______ policies. A) redistributive and developmental B) constructive and international C) state and local D) international and regulatory E) environmental and health care

In a 2006 Religious Freedom Restoration Act case, the Court ruled that A) religious use of a tea containing an illegal hallucinogenic drug was protected by the First Amendment. B) flag burning for religious purposes was constitutional. C) killing animals for religious purposes was constitutional. D) prayer in school could never be permitted under the First Amendment. E) public schools can mandate courses that teach religious doctrine and instruction.

In general, the House ________ than the Senate. A) has stricter rules B) has weaker leadership C) is more personal D) has emphasized foreign policy more E) has weaker party loyalty

In promoting assimilation over separation, the U.S. government A) moved Indian children into boarding schools to lessen their connections to tribal customs. B) gave back lands the government had taken from the Indians. C) legalized gambling on reservations. D) encouraged Indians to remain on their reservations. E) strengthened native languages and rituals.

In the 111th Congress, there were ____ African Americans in the Senate. A) zero B) two C) five D) seven E) ten

In the context of the legislative process, pork refers to A) the appropriations for members' pet projects that can help them be reelected. B) the vote trading that goes on when members agree to fund each other's favorite projects. C) subsidies for the U.S. meat industry. D) regulations implemented by the Food and Drug Administration concerning the content of hot dogs. E) pet programs favored by the president.

In the end, _____ was a significant point of controversy during the debates on the Patient Protection and Affordability of Care Act. A) abortion B) cash for clunkers C) the Depression D) access to contraceptives E) the composition of the Supreme Court

Initially, most of the efforts of the National Organization for Women were directed at A) gaining equality for women. B) equal pay for women. C) ending television and print ads that promoted sexual stereotypes. D) working with the NAACP to end discrimination for women and racial minorities. E) helping women to win election to state and federal office.

Issuing executive orders is a useful presidential tool I. when the opposition party controls Congress II. to take care of nonessential business without tying up Congress's time. III. when Congress is in recess. A) I only B) II only C) III only D) I and II only E) I, II, and III

National laws that direct state or local governments to comply with federal rules or regulations but do not include funds to help defray the costs are called A) unfunded mandates. B) block grants. C) a key item in the Contract with America. D) executive orders. E) sovereign immunity laws.

New Federalism favors which type of government grant? a. block grants b. business grants c. categorical grants d. programmatic requests e. unfunded mandates

Of the fifty-five delegates who attended some portion of the Constitutional Convention, how many ultimately signed it? a. thirty-nine b. twenty-nine c. fifty-four d. forty-eight e. forty-five

Reasons why some Americans oppose affirmative action include I. it is wrong to use labels to help particular groups. II. laws should be neutral or colorblind. III. compensatory governmental actions to help previously discriminated groups are constitutional. IV. quota systems are necessary to remedy past discrimination. A) I and II B) II and IV C) I and III D) I, II, and III E) II, III, and IV

Religious rights, including the right to free exercise and the protection against establishment of an official religion, are protected by the ________ Amendment. A) First B) Second C) Third D) Fifth E) Eighth

Since the Reagan administration, presidents have attempted to A) cut back on the size of the federal government and the reach of its programs B) promote an overall increase in funding for regulatory agencies C) lobby for an increase in funding to eliminate non-funded mandates to the states D) break iron triangles through the combining of some agencies and the elimination of others E) clarify the responsibilities of agencies through the adoption of additional regulations

The Constitution stipulates that members of the House of Representatives are elected directly by the people for ________-year terms. A) two B) four C) six D) eight E) twelve

The Court formulated the clear and present danger test in A) Schenck v. U.S. B) Brandenburg v. Ohio. C) Roth v. U.S. D) Tinker v. Des Moines Independent School District. E) Lemon v. Kurtzman.

The Fifteenth Amendment guarantees citizens the right to vote regardless of __________. a. race b. gender c. age d. property ownership e. involvement in insurrection

The Framers of the Constitution primarily were concerned that members of Congress A) make laws. B) represent their constituents. C) make policy. D) check and balance the other branches of government. E) guide public opinion.

The Great Compromise resulted in A) a two-house legislature. B) legalization of slavery. C) an Electoral College based on representation. D) a weakened executive branch. E) a single-house legislature.

The Supreme Court first ruled that the First Amendment protected symbolic speech in A) Stromberg v. California. B) Schenck v. U.S. C) Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School. D) Texas v. Johnson. E) Nebraska Press Association v. Stuart.

The Supreme Court upheld the constitutionality of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 by referring to A) Article I of the Constitution. B) Article II of the Constitution. C) Article III of the Constitution. D) Article IV of the Constitution. E) Article VII of the Constitution.

The United States Supreme Court found that the Fourteenth Amendment applied to those of Chinese descent in A) Yick Wo v. Hopkins. B) Korematsu v. U.S. C) California v. Chinese Laundry Association. D) Ozawa v. U.S. E) Nguyen v. U.S.

The debate over civil rights often centers on A) the question of equality of opportunity versus equality of results. B) who civil rights laws should protect. C) whether race or sex discrimination still exists. D) who has the most money. E) whether the majority or minority is affected.

The existence of two schools on opposite sides of town—one for Caucasian students and the other for African American students—would have been deemed constitutional after the Supreme Court's ruling in which of the following cases? A) Plessy v. Ferguson B) Brown v. Board of Education C) Civil Rights Cases D) Bradwell v. Illinois E) Reed v. Reed

The first time Congress overrode a presidential veto occurred with the A) Civil Rights Act of 1866. B) Missouri Compromise. C) Black Codes. D) Emancipation Proclamation. E) Jim Crow laws.

The leader of the House of Representatives is called the _________, and is the only officer of the House specifically mentioned in the Constitution. a). Speaker b). Majority Leader c). President Pro Tempore d). Sergeant at Arms

The main organizational vehicle in the House and Senate is A) the two major political parties. B) the committee chairs. C) the two major political parties plus the Independents. D) the strong party leaders. E) the subcommittees.

The necessary and proper clause A) expands congressional power. B) requires the Supreme Court to adopt a strict constructionist view of Article I powers. C) supports presidential prerogative powers. D) limits congressional power.

The only officer of the House of Representatives specifically mentioned in the Constitution is the A) Speaker of the House. B) president pro tempore. C) vice president. D) sergeant at arms. E) majority leader.

The process of bringing charges against a public official is called: a). impeachment; b). removal; c). recall; d). initiative.

Under most circumstances, the Twenty-Second Amendment limits a president to serving no more than ________ terms. A) two B) four C) eight D) ten E) twelve

Under the Articles of Confederation, a(n) __________ judiciary was established, but all other courts were left to the states. a. maritime b. taxation c. criminal d. admiralty e. military

Under the Constitution, the qualifications for president include that the president must be: a). over 35 years old and a natural born citizen; b). male, American citizen, and a resident for at least 14 years; c). experienced in politics and law, 30 years old, and a citizen; d). mature and a citizen for at least 14 years.

Under the Court's review standards shown in Table 5.1, a law that classifies people according to __________ will be given strict scrutiny by the Supreme Court to determine its constitutionality. a. race b. age c. disability d. gender e. sexual orientation

What are the two types of powers given to the national government under the United States Constitution? a. enumerated; implied b. enumerated; suggested c. implied; explicit d. suggested; explicit e. suggested; implied

What is an unfunded mandate? a. when the federal government creates programs without providing sufficient funds b. when a state government requires a federal action c. when the federal government prohibits the states to take a certain action d. when a state government prohibits a federal action e. when an order requires joint state and federal action

What is the source of de facto segregation and discrimination? a. practice b. law c. the Constitution d. Congress e. affirmative action

What was the dominant form of federalism in the 1920s? a. dual b. combined c. competitive d. cooperative e. progressive

What was the dominant model of federalism in the 1950s? a. cooperative b. dual c. progressive d. republican e. unified

What was the main purpose for the March on Washington? a. to urge Congress to adopt an anti-discrimination legislative agenda b. to urge the Supreme Court to overturn the separate-but-equal doctrine c. to urge John F. Kennedy to repudiate the actions of the freedom riders d. to urge African Americans to reelect John F. Kennedy e. to urge Congress to eliminate de facto segregation

When Congress is in session, a member's day can best be describes as A) chaotic. B) leisurely. C) short. D) boring. E) simple.

When a president "goes public," A) he is trying to persuade the public and hopes that the public will persuade Congress. B) he is trying to persuade Congress and hopes that the Congress will persuade the public. C) he is adopting the policy preference of the public in order to increase her popularity. D) he is preventing Congress from convening. E) he is establishing rapport with the journalists who cover her administration.

When a president leaves office, A) his approval rating is frequently low. B) he must surrender his passport. C) his influence is usually at its apex. D) he appoints the incoming Cabinet. E) he swears in the incoming president.

When both the presidency and Congress are led by members of the same party, the government is said to be A) unified. B) working together. C) monolithic. D) uni-party. E) single cause.

Which Continental Congress approved the Declaration of Independence? a. Second b. Third c. Fourth d. Fifth e. Tenth

Which of the following clauses requires states to return criminals to states where they have been convicted or are to stand trial? a. extradition b. commerce c. due process d. full faith and credit e. privileges and immunities

Which of the following is a constitutional requirement to be president? A) be a natural-born citizen B) be a resident for at least twenty-four years C) be a naturalized or natural-born citizen D) speak English E) believe in god

Which of the following is a method of ratification for a constitutional amendment? a. by three-fourths of the state legislatures b. by three-fourths of the state governors c. by three-fourths of voting age citizens d. by half of the state legislatures e. by half of the state governors

Which of the following is an example of de jure segregation? a. Jim Crow laws b. the tendency for churches to be racially homogeneous c. the small number of African American senators d. sequestering the jury in order to ensure a fair trial e. Title IX legislation

Which of the following is the best definition of federalism? a. A constitutional arrangement by which power is distributed between a central government and state governments. b. A constitutional arrangement by which sovereign states create a limited central government. c. A constitutional arrangement concentrating power in a central government. d. A loose association of states constitutionally created by a strong central government. e. A loose association of states with mutually recognized compacts but no central government.

Which of the following was most likely to support proposed provisions that strengthened national power? a. James Madison b. Patrick Henry c. George Mason d. Samuel Adams e. James Winthrop

Which of the following was part of both the Articles of Confederation and the Constitution? a. Congress b. the presidency c. the federal judiciary d. collection of taxes by the federal government e. unanimous consent for ratification

Which statement best describes the Supreme Court's decision in Barron v. Baltimore? a. It limited the Bill of Rights to the actions of Congress alone. b. It allowed for the due process clause of the Fifth Amendment to apply to the actions of states. c. It allowed states the ability to regulate any product that crosses state lines. d. It allowed Congress to regulate activity that has a minimal impact on interstate commerce. e. It bound both the national and state governments to the enumerated rights contained in the Bill of Rights.

Why was the Civil Rights Act of 1866 passed? A) It superseded state Black Codes. B) It gave women the right to vote. C) It banned slavery. D) It ended the Civil War. E) President Johnson urged its passage.

Women finally received the right to vote in 1920 through the ________ Amendment. A) Nineteenth B) Twenty-First C) Twenty-Second D) Twenty-Third E) Twenty-Fifth

________ was the driving force behind the Supreme Court's holding that gender-based discrimination violated the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. A) Ruth Bader Ginsburg B) Sandra Day O'Connor C) Hillary Rodham Clinton D) The NAACP E) NOW

________, which was founded in 1968, borrowed many of its tactics from the black civil rights movement. A) The National Council of La Raza B) The United Farm Workers Union C) Hispanic Women United D) The Hispanic American Legal Defense and Education Fund E) The League of Cuban American Citizens

__________ powers are shared by the federal and state governments. a. Concurrent b. Constitutional c. Federal d. Libertarian e. Unified

1) Before ratification of the Twenty-Sixth Amendment, the U.S. Supreme Court decided that A) states could not have a voting age requirement different than twenty-one. B) states were permitted voters as young as eighteen in state and local elections, but voters in national elections had to be twenty-one. C) poll taxes were unconstitutional unless applied to voters between the ages of eighteen and twenty-one. D) states had the final say on voting requirements in both local and national elections. E) Oregon's voting laws were unconstitutional.

1) Which of these settlements was established for religious reasons? A) Jamestown B) Maryland C) New Amsterdam D) New York E) Georgia

10) The Electoral College system created by the Framers was designed to give A) federal government the preeminent role in choosing the president. B) states a key role in choosing the president. C) average voters the decisive power in choosing the president. D) electors the power to choose members of Congress. E) the Supreme Court a role in choosing the president.

10) ________ was just one example of the weaknesses of the new government under the Articles of Confederation. A) The selection of a Southerner as president B) Shays's Rebellion C) The Boston Tea Party D) The Treaty of Paris E) The federal income tax

11) Cooperative federalism has been likened to a ____ cake. A) layer B) marble C) red velvet D) sheet E) pound

11) In general, the U.S. population is I. mostly under the age of thirty. II. getting older. III. becoming less diverse. IV. less affected by immigration than in earlier years. A) I only B) II only C) III only D) II and IV E) III and II

12) The coherent set or system of values and beliefs that shape the thinking of individuals and how they view the world, as well as their beliefs about the purpose and scope of government, is known as A) political theory. B) political ideology. C) sociology. D) political culture. E) political psychology.

12) The smaller states presented a plan at the Constitutional Convention basically advocating the strengthening of the Articles of Confederation. The plan was presented by A) Rhode Island. B) New Jersey. C) Texas. D) Virginia. E) Delaware.

12. When did immigration peak in the United States a. in the mid-1800s b. in the first decade of the 1900s c. in the late 1980s d. in the mid-1990s e. in the last decade

14) A political cartoon in the text depicts President Barack Obama's policies as A) necessary actions by the U.S. government. B) contrary to the original motives of the signers of the Declaration of Independence. C) constitutional methods to affect change. D) literal interpretations of the Declaration of Independence. E) a contradictory mix of socialism and communism.

14) The series of 85 political papers written by John Jay, Alexander Hamilton, and James Madison in support of ratification of the new constitution are called the A) Pennsylvania Packet. B) Federalist Papers. C) Anti-Federalist Papers. D) Crisis. E) Common Sense.

16) Informal methods of amending the Constitution include A) social change, judicial interpretation, and acts of Congress. B) judicial interpretation and cultural and social change. C) executive orders. D) acts of state legislatures. E) a national referendum and/or initiative.

17) Larger states, such as Virginia and Pennsylvania, advocated for A) powerful state governments. B) a powerful national government. C) a judiciary elected directly by the people. D) a one-house legislature composed of representatives elected by state legislatures. E) strengthening, but not rewriting, the Articles of Confederation.

17) Liberals often favor I. spending on social programs. II. more lenient enforcement of laws such as the USA Patriot Act. III. increased involvement of churches as the first line of defense for the poor. IV. affirmative action programs to help make up for economic injustices. A) II only B) I, II, and IV C) I, III, and IV D) II, III and IV E) I, II, III, and IV

20) The president has a list of enumerated duties of office largely found in _________ of the U.S. Constitution. A) Article I B) Article II C) Article III D) Article IV E) Article V

20. Which of the following would have been expected of the federal government 200 years ago? a. regulating business b. providing national defense c. providing poverty relief d. inspecting food e. advocating social reform

21) Former governor Arnold Schwarzenegger cannot become president because A) governors from large states often find it difficult to be elected. B) the Constitution prohibits those who are not natural-born citizens from running for the presidency. C) voters are likely to be suspicious of his motives as a naturalized citizen. D) he first would have to serve in Congress for fourteen years. E) he does not meet the age requirement to be president.

21) Getting married, buying a house with a white picket fence, and having the ability to pay for children's college is one way a person may view what is/are termed the A) American norms. B) American dream. C) American ideals. D) American standard of living. E) American illusion.

4) In situations of conflict between state and national law, national law prevails due to A) federalism. B) the supremacy clause. C) the Tenth Amendment. D) judicial interpretation. E) the Bill of Rights.

4) To facilitate communication and the flow of information among independence-minded colonists, colonial leaders formed the A) Sisters of Liberty. B) Committees of Correspondence. C) Continental Congress. D) Stamp Act Congress. E) Thomas Paine Society.

5) Crispus Attucks is said to be A) the founder of the Committees of Correspondence. B) the first man killed in the Revolution. C) the only Georgia delegate to the Continental Congress. D) a militia leader in Shays's Rebellion. E) the author of Common Sense.

5) The words and ideas of political philosopher John Locke flow through A) the Olive Branch Petition. B) the Declaration of Independence. C) The Crisis. D) the Articles of Confederation. E) the Stamp Act.

7) In an oligarchy, rule is by A) the many. B) the few. C) one person. D) all people. E) people who own property.

7) The clause of the Constitution that ensures that judicial decrees and contracts made in one state will be binding and enforceable in another is called the ________ clause. A) privileges and immunities B) full faith and credit C) equal protection D) supremacy E) elastic

8) The original purpose of the Constitutional Convention was to A) elevate George Washington to president. B) revise the Articles of Confederation. C) write a new constitution. D) add additional states to the new nation. E) resolve trade disputes among the states.

8) Under the Articles of Confederation, the executive branch was A) relatively weak. B) nonexistent. C) quite strong. D) responsible for executing all laws. E) able to raise a national army.

8. Which of the following expanded Americans' conceptions of personal liberty to include some forms of freedom from discrimination? a. Declaration of Independence b. Fourteenth Amendment c. Preamble to the Constitution d. idea of majority rule e. idea of equality

9) The American emphasis on the importance of the individual is rooted in the principle of A) popular consent. B) political equality. C) majority rule. D) indirect democracy. E) political culture.

A boy who attends a boys-only public school seeks to enroll in a home economics course that is only offered at the girls-only school. His family sues the school system so he can attend the girls' school. Imagine the case goes before the Supreme Court. What standard of review would the Court MOST likely use to examine this purported discrimination? A) Minimum rationality standard B) Intermediate standard C) Strict scrutiny D) Maximum standard E) Rational basis review

A hallmark of the Reverend Martin Luther King, Jr.'s strategy to achieve equality was A) the use of illegal marches. B) nonviolence. C) working with women's groups such as the National Organization for Women. D) sit-ins. E) nationally televised speeches.

After 2010, Democratic President Barack Obama faced a Republican-led House of Representatives. This scenario is an example of A) coalition government. B) divided government. C) adversarialism. D) unified government. E) factionalism.

All of the following are legislative tools that a president may use EXCEPT A) bargaining with legislators B) having loyal members of the president's party selected as committee chairs C) exploiting the honeymoon period D) establishing priorities, thereby setting Congress's agenda before it can set its own E) making personal appeals

All of the following are powers and duties of the president as set forth in the Constitution EXCEPT the power to A) appoint justices to the Supreme Court subject to the advice and consent of the Senate B) receive foreign ministers with the advice and consent of the Senate C) serve as commander in chief of the armed forces act as chief legislator D) fill open positions in the executive branch when Congress is in recess

American Indians A) were the first U.S. citizens. B) were not made U.S. citizens until 1924. C) negotiated land rights for citizenship. D) enjoy more religious protections than other racial minorities. E) have made no attempt to become involved in the political process.

As illustrated in the chapter, the term gerrymander was so named because of a bizarre geographical contortion of an electoral district in A) Indiana. B) Massachusetts. C) Virginia. D) North Carolina. E) Washington.

As president, ________ had his administration file an amicus curiae brief in Brown v. Board of Education and issue an executive order desegregating the military. A) Franklin D. Roosevelt B) Harry S Truman C) Dwight D. Eisenhower D) Jimmy Carter E) John F. Kennedy

Barron v. Baltimore held that enumerated rights contained in the Bill of Rights bound which of the following? a. only the states b. only the federal government c. both the states and the federal government d. neither the states nor the federal government e. the people

Categorical grants A) were most used during the Reagan administration. B) allocate federal dollars by a precise formula. C) have few restrictions or limitations. D) were commonplace during the era of New Federalism. E) were not used until after the 1960s.

Congress's passage of the No Child Left Behind Act—which affected public education, a realm over which Congress does not have specific constitutional authority—is an example of expanding its legislative powers through the ______ clause of the Constitution. A) adaptive B) necessary and proper C) discretionary D) flexibility E) executing

Control of the budgetary process A) has been under the authority of Congress since the Articles of Confederation. B) has been under the authority of Congress since ratification of the Constitution. C) is solely in the hands of the House. D) is solely in the hands of the Senate. E) is slowly devolving back to the states.

Elected representatives that listen to their constituents' opinions and then use their best judgment to make decisions behave as A) delegates. B) trustees. C) politicos. D) representatives. E) statesmen.

Every ________ years, ________ of members of the Senate are up for re-election. A) two/one-quarter B) two/one-third C) six/one-third D) six/one-half E) six/three-quarters

Every two years, how many of the seats in the Senate are up for election? a). one-fourth; b). one-third; c). one-half; d). all.

George McLaurin, a ________, was the plaintiff hand-selected in a test case challenging the constitutionality of separate but equal facilities for graduate education. A) retired postal worker B) retired university professor C) plaintiff in Brown v. Board of Education D) prospective University of Oklahoma medical student E) retired engineer

How can the president affect congressional actions? a. by expelling members of Congress and by withholding party funds b. by lobbying congresspersons, recommending legislation, and vetoing legislation c. by canceling filibusters, disciplining the Speaker, and failing to sign bills d. by refusing to approve the party platform and by insisting on planks

How do you end a filibuster? A) a hold B) cloture C) a discharge petition D) a veto E) Any of the procedures listed above will end a filibuster.

How has congressional authority changed over time? A) It has grown. B) It has declined. C) It has been replaced with judicial authority. D) It has been eliminated. E) It has remained the same.

How many presidents have been impeached? A) One B) Two C) Three D) Four E) Five

If a group of people were systematically discriminated against in the past, which of the following would constitute an affirmative action policy designed as a remedy to help the members of this group overcome the legacy of discrimination? a. a hiring policy that favors those with relatives working in government b. a college admissions policy that gives preferential treatment to members of the group c. a color-blind job application process to give members of this group an equal chance d. a policy that gives extra weight to votes cast by members of the group e. requiring all applicants for government jobs to have at least two years of prior experience

If an employer engages in a practice whereby it gives bonuses to employees who live by themselves, it is practicing _______ discrimination against married employees. A) de jure B) de facto C) direct D) practical E) cultural

In 1790, each member of the House of Representatives represented ________ citizens. A) 20,000 B) 30,000 C) 40,000 D) 50,000 E) 70,000

In 1905, W.E.B. DuBois met with other African Americans in Niagara Falls, Ontario, Canada, to A) found the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. B) advance the cause of African Americans through the Niagara Movement. C) meet in the only place that would allow whites and blacks to meet. D) create a lobbying strategy for the woman suffrage amendment. E) propose a new anti-discrimination constitutional amendment.

In 2011, Republicans regained control of the House of Representatives. That made the Democratic Party the ____ party within that legislative body. A) opposition B) minority C) losing D) lesser E) weak

In August 1963, the Reverend Martin Luther King, Jr., led a huge march in ________ that culminated in his "I Have a Dream" speech. A) Birmingham, Alabama B) Washington, D.C. C) Montgomery, Alabama D) Atlanta, Georgia E) Charleston, South Carolina

In D.C. v. Heller, the Supreme Court A) ruled that the USA PATRIOT Act was constitutional. B) struck down a law prohibiting the sale of handguns. C) ruled that the Second Amendment applied only to militias. D) urged the Congress to grant statehood to the District of Columbia. E) overturned the Court's earlier decision in Mapp v. Ohio (1961).

In Dred Scott v. Sandford, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that slaves were A) not to be counted the same as whites when counting state population. B) not U.S. citizens. C) U.S. citizens. D) prohibited in the North. E) allowed to bring suits in federal courts.

In Federalist 39, James Madison argues that the new Constitution A) eliminates state sovereignty. B) is both national and federal. C) is primarily national. D) retains the major features of the Confederation.

In New York Times v. United States, the Supreme Court ruled that A) libel and slander were constitutionally protected forms of speech. B) actual malice must be proved to support a claim of libel made by a public figure. C) prior restraint was constitutional. D) false or negligent speech was not protected by the First Amendment. E) newspaper reporters must divulge their confidential sources of information.

In ________, a record number of women were elected to Congress, doubling the number of women elected to that institution in the previous decade. A) 1990 B) 1992 C) 2000 D) 2004 E) 2006

In general, Congress has experienced _______ in/of its authority over time. A) growth B) decline C) redefinition D) no change E) a near obliteration

In order to become President, a citizen needs to be at least (a) 25 years old. (b) 35 years old. (c) 45 years old. (d) 30 years old.

In the 1980s and 1990s, the Republican party led the __________ revolution, which demanded that the national government return administrative authority to state governments. a. contract b. devolution c. evolution d. silent e. white

New Federalism favors ________ over ________ grants. A) block/categorical B) categorical/block C) funded mandates/categorical D) block/unfunded mandates E) block/funded mandates

One of the biggest reasons why members of Congress are mindful of their votes on controversial legislation is A) getting too much publicity. B) casting the "wrong" vote. C) angering the president. D) angering party leaders. E) fear of Supreme Court reversal.

Originally, each member of the House of Representatives represented ________ citizens. A) 20,000 B) 30,000 C) 40,000 D) 50,000 E) 70,000

Overall, in terms of approval ratings of individual representatives, people A) have dismal views toward them. B) like their own member of Congress, but not Congress as a whole. C) have very positive views of them, often topping 70 percent approval. D) have lower approval ratings than they do toward Congress as a whole. E) hold their own members in about equal regard as they do Congress as a whole.

President Dwight D. Eisenhower was forced to ________ to protect African American students seeking entry into Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas. A) order the governor to allow students to attend the school B) send federal troops to Little Rock C) order a federal judge to issue an injunction D) jail the governor for contempt E) seek congressional assistance

Racial discrimination that results from practice rather than law is called ________discrimination. A) cultural B) de facto C) direct D) practical E) de jure

Slavery was banned by the ________ Amendment. A) Twelfth B) Thirteenth C) Fourteenth D) Fifteenth E) Sixteenth

State legislatures lost their control over the selection of senators when the ________ Amendment was ratified in 1913. A) Fifteenth B) Seventeenth C) Nineteenth D) Twenty-First E) Twenty-Third

Suppose Congress allocated funds to the Central Intelligence Agency to carry out a new, controversial method of surveillance, and President Barack Obama refused to spend the money. These actions would be similar to those of President A) Lyndon B. Johnson. B) Richard M. Nixon. C) Gerald R. Ford. D) Jimmy Carter. E) Ronald Reagan.

Suppose the national government passes a series of aggressive anti-smoking laws that effectively invalidates state and local laws. This is an example of A) the federal government's reserved powers. B) preemption. C) distributive policy. D) an interstate compact. E) New Federalism.

The Anti-Federalists worried that the new Constitution would A) enhance state power to the detriment of the national government. B) undermine state sovereignty. C) establish a weak national government. D) create strong political parties.

The Articles of Confederation required __________ consent from the states for ratification. a. three-fifths b. unanimous c. two-thirds d. majority e. three-fourths

The Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits employment that discriminates based on A) race, national origin, and pregnancy. B) race, creed, color, and religion. C) color, alienage, sex, and religion. D) race, sex, religion, and wealth. E) religion and sex only.

The Civil Rights Act of 1964 was designed to overturn which of the following? a. integration b. Jim Crow laws c. nonviolent direct action d. the Fifteenth Amendment e. Reconstruction

The Constitution specifically provides for both the election and the removal of which of the following? a. secretary of defense b. president c. secretary of state d. chief justice e. Speaker of the House

The Equal Rights Amendment provided A) that all states guarantee equal rights to all women. B) that no state or Congress could deny or abridge equal rights on account of sex. C) that equality for women included the right to an abortion. D) that equal rights were a federal issue. E) that women be paid equal pay for equal work.

The House of Representatives is composed of ________members, the Senate is composed of _______members, and the Supreme Court of ________members a). 438; 100; 9 b). 435; 100; 9 c). 438; 108; 7 d). 435; 105; 8

The Missouri Compromise of 1820 A) abolished slavery. B) kept slavery legal south of 36 degrees latitude. C) was opposed by the World Anti-Slavery Society. D) allowed freedmen to go to Liberia. E) required Missouri to become a free state.

The Reverend Martin Luther King Jr. insisted that civil disobedience aimed at ending discrimination in the South should be conducted __________. a. in accordance with the law b. nonviolently c. secretly d. anonymously e. with all deliberative speed

The Senate has often been referred to as the A) Kitchen Cabinet. B) Millionaires Club. C) Effete Elite. D) White Guys Club. E) Melting Pot.

The Supreme Court held in Barron v. Baltimore that A) Congress had broad powers to regulate interstate commerce. B) the Bill of Rights did not apply to state governments. C) Congress lacked the ability to ban slavery. D) the City of Baltimore could not nullify laws passed by Congress. E) states could not tax the federal bank.

The Supreme Court ruled that states were not completely free to limit forms of political expression in A) Near v. Minnesota. B) Gitlow v. New York. C) Palko v. Connecticut. D) Pointer v. Texas. E) Cantwell v. Connecticut.

The Supreme Court uses the ________ test in dealing with religious establishment cases. A) prurient interest B) Lemon C) Engel D) Rodriguez E) equal access

The U.S. Supreme Court was influenced by __________in Brown v. Board of Education. A) the separate but equal doctrine. B) a study of children's reactions to black and white dolls. C) amicus curiae briefs from several southern states. D) Black Monday. E) the success of northern states' desegregation efforts.

The War Powers Act orders that soldiers sent overseas by the president must be a. at least 18 years of age and trained for at least a year. b. brought back to the United States within 60 days unless Congress approves the military action. c. quarantined before they return home to prevent the spread of diseases. d. college-educated, male, and over the age of 21.

The War Powers Act provides for all of the following EXCEPT A) allowing the president thirty days to implement a withdrawal of troops. B) giving the president the right to declare war. C) requiring the president to obtain congressional approval before committing troops abroad. D) requiring the president to notify Congress within forty-eight hours of deploying troops. E) requiring the president to withdraw troops after sixty days unless Congress declares war.

The __________ party favored a strong national government. a. Anti-Federalist b. Federalist c. Libertarian d. Progressive e. Republican

The __________ proposed proportional representation in both the House of Representatives and the Senate. a. Ohio Plan b. Virginia Plan c. New Jersey Plan d. Massachusetts Plan e. Pennsylvania Plan

The advantage that MOST helps members of Congress stay in office is A) redistricting. B) incumbency. C) political action committees. D) being a member of the president's party. E) demographics.

The clause that ensures that judicial decrees and contracts made in one state will be binding and enforceable in another is called the ________ clause. A) privileges and immunities B) full faith and credit C) equal protection D) supremacy E) elastic

The constitutional provision preventing the use of any "religious test" for public office A) is found in the First Amendment. B) is found in Article III. C) prevents members of non-Christian religions from being elected to public office. D) reflects the Framers' concern that too many Roman Catholics might be elected to public office. E) is found in the Sixth Amendment.

The determining factor in the public's approval rating of the president is A) the economy B) identification with the incumbent president's political party C) the honeymoon effect D) foreign relations E) the leadership effect

The era of dual federalism ended with the A) Civil War. B) Great Depression. C) Sherman Anti-Trust Act. D) passage of the Fourteenth Amendment. E) beginning of World War I.

The establishment clause A) requires the adoption of an official American religion. B) erects a wall of separation between church and state. C) inhibits citizens' basic religious rights. D) provides citizens with the opportunity to obtain federal dollars to create or build churches, temples, or other houses of worship. E) provides an absolute right to freedom of religious expression.

The first major affirmative action heard and decided on its merits by the U.S. Supreme Court was A) Defunis v. Odegaard. B) Regents of the University of California v. Bakke. C) Tennessee v. Lane. D) Brown v. Board of Education. E) Grutter v. Bollinger.

The judicial doctrine that prevents government from prohibiting speech or publication before the fact is called A) a priori limitation. B) prior restraint. C) selective incorporation. D) the prohibition clause. E) libel.

The legislative chamber that is technically more attuned to the principle of "one person, one vote" is the: a) Senate; b) House of Representatives; c) executive; d) judicial.

The nature of federalism was changed forever by A) Chief Justice John Rutledge. B) the Civil War. C) Missouri v. Department of Interior. D) Texas v. Johnson. E) Marbury v. Madison.

The only officially bilingual state is A) Florida. B) New Mexico. C) Arizona. D) Texas. E) California.

The power of the House of Representatives to charge politicians with "Treason, Bribery, or other high Crimes and Misdemeanors" is known as A) the authority to indict. B) impeachment. C) accusation. D) removal authority. E) federal charging.

The president, under Article II of the Constitution, has the power to make treaties limited by: a). the House Foreign Relations Committee; b). the advice and consent of the Senate; c). State Department rules; d). nothing.

The presiding officer of the Senate who can vote only in the case of a tie is the A) president pro tempore. B) vice president of the United States. C) majority leader. D) Speaker. E) head of the majority party's campaign committee.

The redrawing of congressional lines to reflect state population shifts and, therefore, the number of representatives each state receives, is called a). realignment. b). redistricting. c). recession. d). reconciliation.

The suffrage movement A) promoted broad social issues. B) had racist overtones. C) promoted voting rights for blacks. D) advocated equal rights for women. E) led to passage of the Eighteenth Amendment.

There is only one way to end a filibuster. It is called A) a hold. B) cloture. C) a discharge petition. D) a veto. E) a pocket veto.

Under the ________ Amendment, the police may search things in plain view, the person arrested, and things under the arrestee's immediate control. A) Third B) Fourth C) Fifth D) Sixth E) Eighth

What did Jim Crow laws mandate? a. voting rights b. racial segregation c. poll taxes d. grandfather clauses e. Black Codes

What is the Tenure of Office Act? A) A bill that was never signed into law that guaranteed a president at least one full term in office. B) A law preventing a sitting president from removing people appointed to Cabinet-level positions by previous administrations. C) An act that was used to justify the impeachment proceedings of President Bill Clinton. D) Legislation that attempted to establish term limits for members of the Senate. E) A law that was an initial attempt at setting term limits for presidents.

What is the principle that each branch of the federal government has the means to thwart or influence actions by other branches of government? a. weights and measures b. checks and balances c. balances and powers d. checks and freedoms e. freedom and power

What provision of the Fourteenth Amendment serves as a cornerstone of our understanding of civil rights? a. the all men are created equal clause b. the equal protection clause c. the privileges and immunities clause d. the Equal Rights Amendment e. the grandfather clause

What was the Supreme Court's rationale in the Civil Rights Cases (1883) for why Congress could not prohibit discrimination in public accommodations? a. Congress cannot regulate public accommodations because they involve interstate commerce. b. Congress cannot regulate public accommodations because they tend to be owned by private individuals. c. Congress cannot regulate public accommodations because it lacks the authority to spend money without the permission of the states. d. Congress cannot prohibit discrimination because doing so violates the First Amendment right to freedom of speech. e. Congress cannot prohibit discrimination because there was insufficient evidence that discrimination exists.

What was the decision in U.S. v. Nixon? A) Presidents have extensive executive privilege. B) President Nixon must comply with court orders relating to Watergate. C) The president can accept gifts from lobbyists and foreign dignitaries, but he must pay taxes on the value of the gift. D) Nixon was a crook and, therefore, had failed to uphold his presidential oath of office. E) "When the president does it, that means it's not illegal."

What was the greatest fear of the Anti-Federalists during the Constitutional Convention and subsequent debate? a. that a weak national government would undermine the survival of the United States b. that a strong national government would infringe on the essential liberties of the people c. that a powerful judiciary would restrict freedom of religion d. that powerful state governments would never assent to the new Constitution e. that a weak judiciary would be unable to enforce the new Constitution

What was the primary focus at the 1848 Seneca Falls Convention for activists like Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Susan B. Anthony, and Lucretia Mott? a. the prohibition of alcohol b. women's rights c. rights for former slaves d. ending the Civil War e. the New Deal

What was the subject of the Great Compromise? a. the legality of slavery b. the form of the legislative branch c. the number of states in the Union d. the number of Supreme Court justices e. the form of the executive branch

When President George W. Bush took office in 2001, A) he directed his attorney general to make race and sex discrimination enforcement a priority. B) a record number of career lawyers in the Department of Justice's Civil Rights Division resigned over disagreements with enforcement policies. C) federal attorneys were assigned additional religious discrimination cases. D) he urged Congress to expand civil rights protections. E) he abolished the Department of Justice's Civil Rights Division.

Which amendment gave Congress the power to levy and collect taxes on incomes without apportioning them among the states? a. Seventeenth b. Sixteenth c. Fourteenth d. Tenth e. Fifth

Which of the following best describes the Constitutional Convention? a. The Convention was transparent. b. The Convention was secretive. c. The Convention was free of significant disagreement. d. The Convention was inclusive of all types of citizens. e. The Convention lasted only one week.

Which of the following debated and drafted the Declaration of Independence? a. Constitutional Congress b. Continental Congress c. Revolutionary Congress d. American Congress e. Liberty Congress

Which of the following is a true statement regarding the House rules given to each bill? A) They originate with every committee in Congress. B) They determine the limits on floor debate. C) They rarely specify the type of amendments that can be made to a bill. D) They affect the composition of House budget bills. E) They govern debate in both the House and the Senate.

Which of the following remains a compelling source for determining the intent of the Framers? a. Minutes of the Constitutional Convention b. The Federalist Papers c. Common Sense d. Treatise on Government e. Declaration of Independence

Which of the following was instituted to limit the power of the presidency? A) line item veto B) War Powers Resolution of 1973 C) National Performance Review D) Law authorizing the appointment of an independent counsel E) National Security Advisor

Which of these does the Civil Rights Act of 1964 ban? a. poll taxes and grandfather clauses b. discrimination in public accommodations c. integration in public transportation d. discrimination based on sexual orientation e. nonviolent direct action

Who presides over the Senate in the absence of the vice president? A) the speaker of the Senate. B) the president pro tempore of the Senate. C) the majority leader of the Senate. D) the speaker. E) the Senate parliamentarian.

Why did the NAACP MOST likely begin its test case litigation strategy in law schools? A) They envisioned a top-down strategy. B) The lawyers felt that targeting law schools would make the cases easier for judges to understand and thus easier to win. C) Law schools had more discriminatory policies than other educational institutions. D) Law schools were high profile institutions. E) Most of the NAACP lawyers took the discrimination they felt in law school personally.

Why do some legal scholars think that George W. Bush's signing statements are troublesome? A) The failure to execute laws leaves many vital social welfare programs short of cash. B) The statements expand the president's powers at the expense of Congress, upsetting the balance of power between the two branches. C) The statements usurp the power of the judiciary to determine whether a law is a worthwhile public policy. D) The statements appear to be an act of aggression by nondemocratic countries with a penchant for terrorism. E) All of the above.

________ was the first major national crisis over slavery. A) Shays's Rebellion B) The Missouri Compromise C) Dred Scott v. Sandford D) The Niagara Movement E) The Seneca Falls Convention

__________ is the right of state to declare a federal law void. a. Amendment b. Nullification c. Referendum d. Reformation e. Veto

"The little woman who started the big war" A) refers to Frederick Douglass's characterization of Elizabeth Cady Stanton. B) refers to Jefferson Davis's description of Uncle Tom's Cabin. C) refers to Abraham Lincoln's characterization of Harriet Beecher Stowe, author of Uncle Tom's Cabin. D) describes Susan B. Anthony, the author of the Declaration of Rights and Sentiments. E) refers to Lincoln's wife, who was an advocate of war.

1) Eighteen to 21-year-olds received the right to vote with ratification of the A) Constitution. B) Bill of Rights. C) Twenty-Sixth Amendment. D) Nineteenth Amendment. E) Twenty-Fifth Amendment.

10) According to the Preamble of the U.S. Constitution, which of the following is NOT an example of a function of American government? A) Promoting the general welfare B) Securing the blessings of liberty C) Ensuring the pursuit of happiness D) Establishing justice E) Insuring domestic tranquility

12) The ________ is empowered by the Constitution to make all federal laws. A) federal bureaucracy B) judicial branch C) legislative branch D) executive branch E) Electoral College

14) Why did southern states want slaves to be counted as part of their population? A) It would ensure that slaves would receive certain inalienable rights. B) Northerners were advocating for the deportation of slave labor. C) It would increase southern representation in the House of Representatives. D) Slaves could then be forced to serve in the military. E) The South would then have a greater number of voters.

15) Politics, as defined in the text, is A) way too corrupt to attract any good men or women to run for office. B) impossible without government. C) the study of "who gets what, when, and how." D) the province of only the wealthy. E) irrelevant to the modern world.

15. The percentage of households in the United States consisting of a single person is nearly __________ percent. a. 10 b. 20 c. 30 d. 40 e. 50

16) Liberals A) believe individuals should look to churches and other social services organizations instead of the government for assistance. B) are comfortable with the social status quo. C) generally favor government intervention to promote equality. D) seek to end costly welfare programs. E) are more likely to vote Republican than Democratic.

17) The division of authority among the three branches of government is called A) federalism. B) pluralism. C) separation of powers. D) compromise. E) gridlock.

17. The reason that some pro-choice conservative voters may choose pro-choice liberal candidates over other conservatives is most closely related to which of the following functions of ideology? a. explanation b. evaluation c. orientation d. political programs e. conservative ideals

19) Moderates fall to the __________ of the political spectrum. A) far left B) left C) center D) right E) far right

2) Great Britain used the principle of mercantilism to justify A) its legal authority over the colonies. B) its assistance in the French and Indian Wars. C) strict import/export controls on the colonies. D) allowing colonists to levy their own taxes. E) westward migration and settlement.

2) The House of Burgesses was A) created in 1615. B) the Governor's board of advisors. C) the first representative assembly in North America. D) the lawmaking body for the Massachusetts Bay Colony. E) created by the Governor of Virginia.

23) Americans' faith in institutions in the United States has A) remained stagnant over time. B) generally increased. C) generally decreased. D) decreased for some and increased for others. E) fluctuated, depending on the political climate.

23) Some delegates to the Constitutional Convention believed that the new nation was in such dire straits that they were willing to A) take up arms against Indians on the western front. B) develop a looser league of friendship among the states. C) risk potential charges of treason. D) muzzle Benjamin Franklin. E) establish an American "monarchy."

23) The full faith and credit clause found in Article IV requires that A) Americans remain faithful to one God and tithe to their church. B) no state may coin its own currency. C) states generally honor the laws and rulings of other states. D) federal courts have the right to resolve issues of state law. E) all fifty states create a republican form of government.

25) National crises A) expose weaknesses in government. B) rarely necessitate government involvement. C) are times of elevated trust in government. D) are only occasionally the impetus for political reform. E) happen so infrequently as to have little effect on government.

25) The Anti-Federalists feared A) a confederacy. B) amendments. C) strong central government. D) checks and balances. E) separation of powers.

26) The Anti-Federalists demanded a series of amendments to the Constitution to protect individual liberties known as A) the libertarian amendments. B) the Anti-Federalist amendments. C) the Bill of Rights. D) Mr. Madison's Mistake. E) the confederation amendments.

3) The enumerated powers of the national government are found in A) the Declaration of Independence. B) the Preamble. C) Article I of the Constitution. D) Article III of the Constitution. E) Article VII of the Constitution.

4) Delegates to the Second Continental Congress formed a Committee of Five to write the Declaration of Independence. The committee's chair was A) Benjamin Franklin. B) James Madison. C) Thomas Jefferson. D) Samuel Adams. E) John Adams.

49) All of the following were differences between the Federalists and Anti-Federalists EXCEPT A) the Federalists were generally landed and rich, while the Anti-Federalists were small farmers. B) the Federalists were generally elitist, while the Anti-Federalists were common men. C) the Federalists generally favored the philosophy of John Jay, while the Anti-Federalists favored Alexander Hamilton. D) the Federalists favored centralized government, while the Anti-Federalists favored decentralized government. E) the Federalists favored the British, while the Anti-Federalists favored the French.

5) The "shot heard round the world" was fired at A) Saratoga, New York. B) Camden, New Jersey. C) Concord, Massachusetts. D) Yorktown, Virginia. E) Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

7) In 1781, the thirteen colonies adopted the ________ as the basis of their government. A) Constitution B) Treaty of Paris C) Articles of Confederation D) Declaration of Independence E) New Jersey Plan

8) "The power to tax is the power to destroy" comes from A) Alexander Hamilton's essay in The Federalist Papers. B) Thomas Paine's The Crisis. C) John Marshall's opinion in McCulloch v. Maryland. D) John Marshall's opinion in Gibbons v. Ogden. E) James Madison's essay in The Federalist Papers.

8) A doctrine that society should be governed by certain ethical principles that are part of nature and can be understood by reason is called A) ethical law. B) contract law. C) natural law. D) Newton's law. E) constitutional law.

9) A committee was appointed at the Constitutional Convention to work out the differences between the proposals of large and small states; the result was the A) Virginia Plan. B) New Jersey Plan. C) Great Compromise. D) Electoral College. E) Bill of Rights.

9) Who was the major author of the Declaration of Independence? A) George Washington B) James Madison C) Thomas Jefferson D) Benjamin Franklin E) Alexander Hamilton

A committee that is established on a temporary basis is called a/an ________ committee. A) standing B) ad valorem C) select D) pro tempore E) discharge

A proposed law is known officially as a A) proposal. B) suggestion. C) bill. D) apportion. E) affidavit.

Abolitionists' support of the Fifteenth Amendment led A) to ratification ten years later. B) women's rights activists also to support the amendment. C) Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton to form a women's rights group. D) to greater racial equality. E) only Southern blacks to get the right to vote.

According to the U.S. State Department, which of the following countries are the MOST actively involved in ending in human trafficking practices? I. Canada II. South Korea III. Israel IV. India A) I only B) I and III C) I and II D) I, II, and III E) I, III, and IV

According to the U.S. Supreme Court, the Thirteenth Amendment A) prohibits slavery. B) prohibits slavery and forced student volunteerism. C) prohibits slavery, peonage, and the coolie system of labor. D) prohibits slavery, sex discrimination, and human trafficking. E) guarantees suffrage for women.

After the Montgomery Bus Boycott, college students I. began to join the Southern Christian Leadership Conference. II. turned their attention to protect women's rights. III. began to use sit-ins as a protest tactic. IV. formed the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee. A) I and II B) II and III C) III and IV D) II and IV E) II, III, and IV

Allegations of state-sanctioned sex discrimination are judged using A) the rational basis test. B) strict scrutiny. C) the intermediate standard of review. D) the suspect classifications test. E) the rational-intermediate test.

Among the reasons women first became involved in the 1960s women's rights movement was their I. work in the student protest movement. II. work in the civil rights movement. III. awareness of the lax enforcement of the Nineteenth Amendment. IV. recognition of the need for an ERA. A) I only B) IV only C) I and II D) II and IV E) II, III, and IV

Article I, section 8 gives Congress the power to pass all laws necessary and proper to carryout its powers. These powers are known as A) enumerated powers. B) reserve powers. C) implied powers. D) full faith and credit powers. E) police powers.

Aside from the First Amendment, what portion of the U.S. Constitution deals with the relationship between the state and religion? a. Article III b. Article VII c. Article VI d. Article XIII e. Article IX

Before the Fourteenth Amendment was added to the Constitution, the civil liberties protections contained in the Bill of Rights were A) universally applied to the states. B) rarely applied to the states. C) limited by Barron v. Baltimore. D) limited by Plessy v. Ferguson. E) applied only to state governments.

Congressional review under the Congressional Review Act of 1996 has been used A) routinely by Congress to exercise oversight of the executive branch. B) far more by President Bush than President Clinton. C) only once. D) to support the USA Patriot Act. E) to express disapproval of laws passed by Congress without actually vetoing them.

D.C. v. Heller A) made all gun bans in the United States unconstitutional. B) was the first Supreme Court ruling on the Fifth Amendment. C) forced the District of Columbia to lift its gun ban. D) limited free speech at political rallies. E) protected politicians from libel law.

Former slaves were granted citizenship as well as the privileges and immunities thereof, and states were barred from depriving anyone of life, liberty, or property without due process of law through the ________ Amendment. A) Twelfth B) Thirteenth C) Fourteenth D) Fifteenth E) Seventeenth

Frustrated by the U.S. Supreme Court's opposition to many New Deal programs, President Franklin D. Roosevelt proposed A) impeaching the entire Supreme Court. B) reducing the pay of sitting Supreme Court justices. C) increasing the number of justices from nine to thirteen. D) packing Congress with his friends. E) reducing the number of justices from nine to seven.

If a person accused of a crime in Arizona leaves for Missouri, are Missouri authorities required to return the defendant to Arizona to stand trial? A) Yes, but only if Arizona will not impose the death penalty. B) No, because the privileges and immunities clause requires the person to be tried only in Missouri. C) Yes, because it is required by the extradition clause of Article IV. D) Yes, because it is required by the full faith and credit clause of Article IV. E) Maybe, it depends on what the laws in Missouri are.

If the president dies in office and the vice presidency is vacant, the next in line of succession is: a). President Pro Tempore of the Senate; b). Secretary of Defense; c). Speaker of the House; d). Secretary of State.

If the president resigns and the vice president assumes the presidency, how is a new vice president chosen? A) the new vice president is selected by the Senate B) the speaker of the House becomes the new vice president C) the new vice president is nominated by the president and confirmed by a majority vote in both houses of Congress. D) the new vice president is nominated by the Cabinet and confirmed by a supermajority vote in both houses of Congress. E) the new vice president is nominated by the Senate and confirmed by a majority of the state delegations in the House.

In 2002, in companion cases from Michigan, the U.S. Supreme Court found that A) affirmative action plans for the University of Michigan and its law school were constitutional. B) affirmative action plans for the University of Michigan and its law school were unconstitutional. C) the University of Michigan's law school plan, which gave preference to minority students, was constitutional. D) the University of Michigan's affirmative action plan for undergraduates, which included giving minority applicants extra points, was constitutional. E) the University of Michigan's affirmative action plan had to be based not only on race, but also sex, ethnicity, and national origin.

In ________, the Supreme Court found that segregation of rail transportation was constitutional because separate but equal accommodations did not violate the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. A) Civil Rights Cases B) Slaughterhouse Cases C) Plessy v. Ferguson D) Bradwell v. Illinois E) Brown v. Board of Education

In general, ________ are more supportive of affirmative action policies than any other group. A) Hispanics B) non-Hispanic Whites C) African Americans D) Asian Americans E) senior citizens

In some governments, politicians may be required to prove their religious knowledge to be considered suitable for office. In the United States, however, this is expressly prohibited by A) the Freedom of Religion Act. B) the First Amendment. C) Article VI of the Constitution. D) Article I of the Constitution. E) the Sixth Amendment.

Individual senators can exercise tremendous power by filibustering A) unless a majority of the Senate votes to cut her or him off from speaking. B) unless the party leader tells him or her to stop. C) unless three-fifths of the senators vote to cut her or him off. D) unless two-thirds of the senators vote to cut her or him off. E) unless three-quarters of the senators vote to cut him or her off.

Jackie attends a protest against animal testing. Which of the following secures her right to attend this protest? a. Second Treatise of Civil Government b. The Federalist Papers c. Bill of Rights d. Declaration of Independence e. Articles of Confederation

Key MALDEF victories in the courts include A) the constitutionality of English-only government services. B) stopping President George W. Bush from building a fence along the U.S.-Mexico border. C) a judicial decision declaring that multimember electoral districts were unconstitutional. D) the requirement that school financing must be equal across state school districts. E) ending gerrymandering for congressional district lines.

Mercantilism is an economic theory designed to increase wealth through the development of which of the following? a. schools b. the government c. industry d. religion e. foreign relationships

New Federalism was the guiding doctrine of the A) Carter administration. B) Ford administration. C) Reagan administration. D) Clinton administration. E) George W. Bush administration.

Over time, Congress has added _________ to the Civil Rights Act of 1964. I. pregnancy II. sexual orientation III. disability IV. educational attainment A) I only B) II and III C) I and III D) I, II, and III E) I, II, III, and IV

Overriding a presidential veto requires a _________fraction of the vote in each chamber of the Congress. a). One-third b). One-half c). Two-thirds d). Three-fourths

President John F. Kennedy's Commission on the Status of Women was headed by A) Bella Abzug B) Alice Paul C) Eleanor Roosevelt D) Jacqueline Kennedy E) Lady Bird Johnson

Qualifications for U.S. president are a. U.S. citizen for 10 years, Protestant, and at least 35 years old. b. U.S. resident for 20 years, 40 years old, and no criminal record. c. native-born citizen, U.S. resident at least 14 years, and at least 35 years old. d. at least 25 years old, U.S. resident at least 14 years, and male.

The Civil Liberties Act of 1988 A) guaranteed additional rights to women. B) began congressional efforts to repay the families of former slaves. C) gave Japanese Americans reparations for their treatment during World War II. D) eliminated California's constitutional ban on Chinese laundries. E) promoted Asian immigration for farm labor.

The Congressional Muslim Staffers Association A) was responsible for the election of the first Muslim to the Senate. B) sued Congress for a place to pray. C) works to educate policymakers about Islam. D) has complained about widespread discrimination against Muslim staffers. E) was banned after the terrorist attacks of 9/11.

The Equal Rights Amendment failed in A) 1972, when Congress failed to approve it. B) 1979, when Congress refused to extend the deadline for its ratification. C) 1982, when it fell three states short of the required number of states necessary for ratification. D) 1985, when President Ronald Reagan issued an executive order ending the ratification period. E) 1992, when it fell six states short of the required number of states required for ratification.

The First Continental Congress was a response to which of the following? a. Stamp Act b. Intolerable Acts c. Coercive Acts d. Boston Massacre e. Townshend Acts

The Missouri Compromise of 1820 A) provided that all new states would be admitted in pairs: one free state and one slave state. B) prohibited slave trading but allowed slavery to continue in existing areas. C) was found to be unconstitutional by the Supreme Court. D) eliminated tensions over the slavery issue. E) was followed shortly thereafter by passage of the Fourteenth Amendment.

The Senate has no real counterpart to the House Committee on A) Budget. B) Armed Services. C) Rules. D) Veterans Affairs. E) Appropriations.

The Supreme Court under Chief Justice John G. Roberts, Jr., appears to be deciding federalism cases A) similar to the Rehnquist Court. B) in strong favor of the states. C) without a strong inclination toward either federal or state rights. D) in favor of the powers of the federal government. E) following the trends of New Federalism.

The World Anti-Slavery Society refused to A) admit Frederick Douglass as a member. B) admit more than 200,000 members. C) accept women's demands for equality. D) react to the Missouri Compromise. E) seat black delegates to its convention.

The __________ Amendment says that says that those powers not given to the federal government and not prohibited to the states by the Constitution are reserved for the states and the people. a. First b. Eighth c. Tenth d. Eleventh e. Fourteenth

The first appointed vice president to assume the presidency was A) William H. Harrison. B) Dwight D. Eisenhower. C) Gerald R. Ford. D) George Bush. E) Spiro Agnew.

The first president to ever be impeached was A) Bill Clinton. B) Richard M. Nixon. C) Andrew Johnson. D) James Buchanan. E) Rutherford B. Hayes.

The formal body of presidential advisors who also head the executive departments are known as the A) Joint Chiefs of Staff. B) White House Council. C) Cabinet. D) Executive Council. E) Presidential Advisory Board.

The franking privilege is A) the ability of a member of Congress to speak bluntly on the floor without fear of public ridicule. B) the ability of a member of Congress to speak on television for free during campaign season. C) the ability of a member of Congress to send mail for free by using their signature instead of a stamp. D) another term for redistricting. E) illegal, as a result of a 1978 Supreme Court decision.

The length of the term served by each of the following: the president, senators, congresspersons, and Supreme Court Justices, is a). Four years; two years; six years; life b). Five years; six years; three years; life c). Four years; six years; two years; life d). Five years; two years' six years; life

The membership of the Cabinet is determined by the: a). Constitution; b). number of departments in the bureaucracy; c). president; d). all of the above.

The most powerful position in the House of Representatives is called the A) majority leader. B) president of the House. C) Speaker of the House. D) president pro tempore. E) party whip.

The personal guarantees and freedoms that the federal government cannot abridge by law, constitution, or judicial interpretation are called A) civil rights. B) enumerated rights. C) civil liberties. D) privacy laws. E) incorporated freedoms.

The president is limited to two terms or ten years due to the ratification of the_______Amendment? a). Sixteenth; b). Nineteenth; c). Twenty-Second; d). Twenty-Fifth.

The president pro tempore is I. the youngest member of the Senate. II. is actually an amateur. III. largely a ceremonial position. IV. generally the most senior person of the majority party. A) I and II B) II and III C) III and IV D) II and IV E) II, III, and IV

The purpose of the Twenty-second Amendment to the Constitution is to a. allow Congress to oust a president. b. set the presidential term at four years. c. impose a two-term limit on the presidency. d. prevent a president from leaving office before the end of a term.

The right of a state's reserved powers is guaranteed by the A) supremacy clause. B) elastic clause. C) Tenth Amendment. D) full faith and credit clause. E) Eleventh Amendment.

The wage gap between men and women A) is growing every year. B) is shrinking dramatically every year. C) remains around 80 percent. D) is virtually closed. E) was ended by Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.

There are ________ members of the House of Representatives and ________ members of the Senate. A) 376; 50 B) 435; 50 C) 435; 100 D) 527; 50 E) 527; 100

Under the "Don't Ask, Don't Tell" policy, A) police are prohibited from asking a suspect's race. B) American Indian children are not allowed to ask about their tribal customs. C) over 31,000 soldiers have been discharged from military service. D) homosexuals are not allowed to join the military. E) religious tests for political office have been eliminated.

Under the Constitution, both the national and state governments A) are totally autonomous. B) do not share any powers. C) are accountable to the people. D) can regulate interstate commerce. E) are able to establish local governments.

Under the Constitution, senators are elected to________ -year terms. A) two B) four C) six D) eight E) ten

Under the system created by the Framers, the national and state governments share power and derive all authority from __________. a. the Bill of Rights b. the Constitution c. the people d. the President e. the Declaration of Independence

What amendment, passed in 1913, gave the people the power to elect senators directly? a) Twelfth; b) Sixteenth; c) Seventeenth; d) Eighteenth.

What are funds that an appropriations bill designates for a particular purpose within a state or congressional district? A) Fowl B) Sequesters C) Earmarks D) Bling E) Cloture

What did supporters of the New Jersey Plan want to do to the Articles of Confederation? a. repeal them b. replace them c. strengthen them d. weaken them e. maintain them

What did the Supreme Court determine was unconstitutional in Brown v. Board of Education? a.integrated schools b. poll taxes c. segregation of schools d. unequal school funding e. school busing

What precipitated the Montgomery Bus Boycott? a. the Reverend Martin Luther King Jr.'s "I Have A Dream" speech b. the Greensboro, N.C., lunch counter sit-in c. the arrest of Rosa Parks in Montgomery, Ala. d. the Supreme Court's decision in Plessy v. Ferguson e. the assassination of the Reverend Martin Luther King Jr.

What strategy did the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) use most effectively to advance civil rights for African Americans? a. boycotts b. protests c. litigation d. nonviolent direct action e. marches and rallies

What was the basis for the Supreme Court's decision in Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) that upheld the constitutionality of a state law requiring segregated railroad facilities? a. Former slaves are not entitled to full citizenship rights because they did not immigrate to the United States willingly. b. Former slaves are not entitled to full citizenship rights because they were considered property under the law. c. The Constitution does not prohibit segregation; it only mandates equal protection under the law. d. Railroad transportation involves interstate commerce, which is regulated by Congress; there is no provision in federal law that prohibits segregation. e. Each state has the right to interpret the Constitution as it sees fit, as long as the interpretation is "reasonable and without malice."

Which best describes the confirmation of the president's Cabinet nominees? A) About half of his nominees are confirmed. B) About three-quarters of his nominees are confirmed. C) Nearly all of his nominees are confirmed. D) Confirmations typically occur only if the Senate is controlled by the president's party. E) The president's first choices are seldom confirmed, but his second choices are usually confirmed.

Which of the following arguments would most likely be made by an opponent of affirmative action policies? a. Affirmative action helps to compensate for past discrimination. b. Discrimination is a natural part of the human experience. c. Affirmative action discriminates on the basis of race. d. Diversity helps Americans better understand each other. e. Unaddressed past discrimination causes perpetual inequality.

Which of the following can be found in Article I? a. Electoral College b. procedure for presidential impeachment c. necessary and proper clause d. supremacy clause e. penalty for treason

Which of the following is a reason for the separation of powers? a. to ensure the power of the executive b. to promote justice c. to prevent tyranny by any one branch d. to create gridlock in government e. to improve international relations

Which of the following is an implied power of the federal government? a. admitting new states b. coining money c. creating banks d. establishing federal courts e. levying taxes

Which of the following required all paper items in the colonies to carry a stamp of the Crown? a. Crown Act b. Paper Act c. Stamp Act d. Tax Act e. Royal Act

Which of the following situations would most likely be a violation of Title IX? a. an election jurisdiction that does not provide bilingual ballots when there is a large bilingual community b. a legal prohibition on hiring women for positions that are known to be hazardous to women's reproductive health c. a college that spends significantly more on sports programs for men than for women d. job applications that are not made accessible to the blind e. an employer who systematically pays women less than men for doing comparable work

Which of the following specifies the procedure for amending the Constitution? a. Article I b. Article III c. Article V d. Article VI e. Article IX

Which of the following strategies for expanding civil rights would the Reverend Martin Luther King Jr. have been most likely to support? a. sabotaging the electricity supply to the homes of segregationist leaders b. intimidating elderly whites to discourage them from supporting Jim Crow laws c. boycotting stores that enforced segregationist policies d. boycotting elections to underscore the problem of African American disenfranchisement e. vandalizing government buildings that housed segregationist politicians

Which of the following was a powerful economic group during the colonial era? a. Massachusetts clergy b. southern fisherman c. New England merchants d. Pennsylvania miners e. northern farmers

Which of these discriminatory practices has the Supreme Court declared illegal? A) Male-only draft registration B) Rape laws that apply only to female victims C) Single-sex public nursing schools D) Male-only alimony laws E) State restrictions on same-sex marriage

Which type of federalism is characterized by a system of separate but equally powerful state and national governments? a. combined b. cooperative c. dual d. progressive e. pure

Who was the author of the Declaration of Independence? a. James Madison b. Benjamin Franklin c. Thomas Jefferson d. Paul Revere e. John Adams

Why did southern states enact poll taxes? a. to raise revenue for the government b. to ensure that only people who really want to vote would do so c. to get around the Fifteenth Amendment d. to enfranchise former slaves e. because literacy is necessary for democracy to function

Why was the Bill of Rights a politically necessary addition to the Constitution? A) The Framers wanted to outline states' powers. B) The Framers feared the people would revolt. C) It was a compromise to appease Anti-Federalists. D) The Bill of Rights was necessary for the system of checks and balances. E) The institutional powers specified in the original Constitution were unclear.

Within the House of Representatives, Democratic members function as a group known as a _____. A) congregation. B) conference. C) caucus. D) posse. E) committee.

Women were guaranteed the right to vote by __________. a. Korematsu v. United States b. Reed v. Reed c. the Nineteenth Amendment d. the 1964 Civil Rights Act e. the 1965 Voting Rights Act

________ is the largest Hispanic group in the United States. A) The Mexican American Legal Defense and Education Fund B) The Puerto Rican Legal Defense and Education Fund C) The League of United Latin American Citizens D) The Council of Hispanics E) The Hispanic Anti-Discrimination and Defamation Council

________ was a well-known abolitionist who edited the North Star. A) William Lloyd Garrison B) Lucretia Mott C) Frederick Douglass D) Elizabeth Cady Stanton E) Harriet Beecher Stowe

________ was at the top of President Lyndon B. Johnson's legislative priorities. A) Women's rights B) Reforming welfare C) Civil rights D) Economic policy E) Voting rights

__________ is an economic theory designed to increase a nation's wealth through the development of commercial industry and a favorable balance of trade. a. Nationalism b. Socialism c. Mercantilism d. Republicanism e. Commercialism

1) The first official meeting of the thirteen colonies was the A) Continental Congress. B) Sons and Daughters of Liberty. C) Committees of Correspondence. D) Stamp Act Congress. E) Constitutional Convention.

11) Under the Articles of Confederation, the national government had the power to do all of the following EXCEPT I. control a post office. II. directly elect members of Congress. III. negotiate peace treaties. IV. ratify constitutional amendments. A) II only B) III only C) I and II. D) II and IV E) I, II, III, and IV

12) Based on the average age of the state's population, which issue would you expect to be least important to voters in Florida? A) Social Security B) Medicare benefits for the elderly C) Regulation of nursing homes D) Public education E) Prescription drug costs

13) According to the definition in the text, political ideologies are sets of beliefs that I. shape the thinking of individuals and how they view the world. II. are affected only by historical forces. III. affect how people deal with relations between men and women. IV. have little to do with feelings of nationalism. A) I only B) II and III C) II and IV D) I and III E) I, II, and IV

13) All of the following are among the functions that political scientists attribute to ideologies EXCEPT A) explanation B) evaluation C) orientation D) discrimination E) political programs

13. One of the most long-standing and dramatic regional differences in the United States is between which of the following? a. Midwest and West b. North and West c. South and West d. North and South e. East and West

14) Conservatives generally believe that A) government should guarantee individual rights. B) activist governments are often necessary. C) government should provide only for defense and little else. D) there should be less government intervention in economic affairs. E) government should be abolished.

18) Moderates A) are most aligned with the views of Rush Limbaugh and Ann Coulter. B) comprise over half of the U.S. population. C) largely support an overhaul of the welfare system. D) believe that a temperate view is the best approach to politics. E) created the Tea Party movement.

2) Among the amendments that have been approved by Congress and unsuccessfully sent to the states for their approval are I. an amendment guaranteeing equal rights for women. II. an amendment guaranteeing efforts to prohibit child labor. III. an amendment denying voting rights to the District of Columbia. IV. an amendment banning flag burning. A) I and III B) I, III, and IV C) II and III D) I and II E) II

2) Which of the following did NOT lead to American settlement in the seventeenth century? A) Questioning the divine right of kings B) The split from the Church of England C) Belief in self-government D) Belief in intelligent design E) Hobbes and Locke's social contract theories

24) ________ was among the attendees at the Constitutional Convention who owned the most slaves. A) Thomas Jefferson B) Benjamin Franklin C) Alexander Hamilton D) George Washington E) James Madison

25) Which of the following statements did James Madison not make in Federalist 39? A) An important national characteristic of the Constitution is the direct election of the House of Representatives by the people. B) The electoral constituency of the Senate represents an important federal characteristic of the Constitution. C) The new Constitution carefully balances federal and national characteristics. D) The amendment process is wholly national in character.

3) A social contract theory of government was proposed by A) Plato and Aristotle. B) Aquinas and Luther. C) Newton and the separatists. D) Locke and Hobbes. E) Plato and Luther.

3) In 1776, Thomas Paine authored a pamphlet arguing for colonial independence from Britain entitled A) The Plain Truth. B) The Crisis. C) The Leviathan. D) Common Sense. E) A Treatise on Government.

30) Of the following components of the Great Compromise, which concept is derived from the Virginia Plan? I. A bicameral legislature II. Three branches of government III. Supremacy of the national government IV. Giving the U.S. House of Representatives the power to originate spending bills A) III only B) I and II C) I, II, and IV D) I, II, and III E) I, II, III, and IV

4) A direct democracy is a system A) in which an elite makes decisions for the society. B) in which representatives meet to discuss policy and make decisions. C) in which the masses have certain rights, but decisions are made by a council. D) in which all members of the polity meet to discuss policy and make decisions. E) that was used by a majority of the colonies.

4) Modern trade agreements designed to balance the flow of goods among countries have their theoretical roots in A) interventionism. B) the goals of the Treaty of Paris of 1763. C) constitutionalism. D) mercantilism. E) the full faith and credit clause of the U.S. Constitution.

4) The Boston Tea Party was a A) celebration conducted after the end of the Revolutionary War. B) colonial response to the Intolerable Acts. C) response to the Tea Act, which lowered the price of tea for loyalists in the southern states. D) response to the Tea Act, which penalized many colonial merchants. E) meeting of reconciliation between the crown and colonial leaders.

5) Indirect democracy is based on A) consensus. B) unanimity. C) the system of government used in ancient Greece. D) representation. E) "mob rule."

6) Which of the following BEST describes the relationships among states under the Articles of Confederation? A) A strong constitutional system B) A form of government modeled after Canada C) A life-long rivalry D) A loose league of friendship E) An interdependent, cohesive partnership

7. Which function of government provides for police protection? a. establishing justice b. providing for the common defense c. promoting the general welfare d. ensuring domestic tranquility e. securing the blessings of liberty

8) The idea that governments draw legitimacy and power from the governed is referred to as A) majority rule. B) direct democracy. C) capitalism. D) popular consent. E) popular control.

A unitary system of government is found in A) Canada. B) Mexico. C) Russia. D) Great Britain. E) Japan.

Among members of the Senate—dead or alive—who took up residence in a state for the sole purpose of running for the Senate in an upcoming election are I. Hillary Rodham Clinton. II. Barack Obama. III. Robert Kennedy, Jr. IV. Alan Keyes. A) I and III B) II and IV C) I, II, and III D) I, III, and IV E) II, III, and V

Among the alleged discriminatory practices made illegal under Civil Rights Act of 1964 are I. paying male orderlies more than nurses' aides. II. rules barring males from becoming flight attendants. III. an acting company hiring only women as mothers. IV. height and weight requirements. A) I and II B) II and III C) III and IV D) II and IV E) I, III, and III

Among the constitutional powers of the vice president is to: a). preside over the Senate; b). vote in the Senate in the event of a tie; c). fill in for the president; d). all of the above.

Among the main differences between the House and Senate are a). House members are highly specialized b). Senate is less centralized and formal c). House has a Rules Committee d). All of the above

Any legislature with two houses is referred to as A) Congress. B) bifurcated. C) bimodal. D) bicameral. E) bipolar.

Apportionment and redistricting typically occur every A) two years. B) four years. C) six years. D) 10 years. E) 20 years.

Article VI of the U.S. Constitution establishes that federal law is __________ in conflicts between federal and state law. a. irrelevant b. persuasive authority c. secondary d. supreme e. insignificant

As depicted in Figure 2.1, What Are the Separation of Powers and How Do Checks and Balances Work Under the U.S. Constitution?, the executive branch is in charge of which of the following? a. passing federal laws b. declaring war c. interpreting federal laws d. making foreign treaties e. establishing lower courts

Black Codes permitted local law enforcement officials to I. arrest unemployed blacks. II. fine blacks for vagrancy. III. hire out some blacks so they could pay their fines for vagrancy. IV. allow black men to vote. A) I only B) I and II C) II and IV D) I, II, and III E) II, III, and IV

Black sites are A) places in Afghanistan where Osama bin Laden may be hiding. B) in Guantanamo Bay, Cuba. C) holes in the universe. D) secret offshore prisons. E) unconstitutional.

Congress can override a presidential veto by a: a) majority vote in the Senate b) majority vote in both the House and the Senate c) two-thirds vote in the House d) two-thirds vote in both the House and Senate

During the colonial era, the colonists retained the right to do which of the following? a. wage war b. regulate trade c. negotiate treaties d. levy taxes e. require compulsory tithing

How do the rational basis and the intermediate standard of review differ? a. The rational basis standard requires an important governmental objective for classification; the intermediate standard requires the classification to be necessary. b. The rational basis standard applies only to racial classifications; the intermediate standard applies to gender and sexual orientation classifications. c. The intermediate standard of review is applied to a broader array of classifications than the rational basis standard. d. It is easier for the government to demonstrate that there is a rational basis for a law than to meet the requirements of the intermediate standard. e. Those who dislike a law will have an easier time getting it overturned if the Supreme Court applies the intermediate standard instead of the rational basis test.

How many constitutions has the United States had in its history? a. three b. five c. one d. two e. four

How many of the thirteen colonies voted for independence? a. thirteen b. ten c. eight d. twelve e. nine

If the president, the vice president, and the Speaker were to resign, who would become president? a. the attorney general b. the secretary of state c. the chief justice of the Supreme Court d. the president pro tempore

In Lawrence v. Texas, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that A) the Boy Scouts could prevent homosexuals from becoming troop leaders. B) there was a homosexual agenda in the United States. C) the equal protection clause prohibits discrimination against gay Americans. D) a Texas law criminalizing sexual behavior was unconstitutional. E) gay marriage represented an issue best left to the states.

In Plessy v. Ferguson, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that "separate but equal" A) was constitutional by a 5-4 vote. B) was unconstitutional by a 5-4 vote. C) was unconstitutional by an 8-1 vote. D) was constitutional by an 8-1 vote. E) was constitutional by a 9-0 vote.

In addition to granting certain powers to state and national governments, Article I of the Constitution also denies some powers to those governments. Which of the following powers are denied? I. Passing bills of attainder. II. Entering compacts with other states. III. Passing ex post facto laws. IV. Laying duties on exports. A) I and II B) I and IV C) III and IV D) I, III, and IV E) II, III, and IV

In recent years, Congress has expressed its unhappiness with Supreme Court decisions on abortion and gay rights by A) refusing to confirm new lower federal judges until the Court reverses its decision. B) ignoring its decisions. C) blocking confirmation votes on President Barack Obama's Supreme Court nominees. D) attempting to alter the Court's jurisdiction. E) threatening to reduce the justices' salaries.

In the United States, the national government derives its power from which of the following? a. states b. courts c. legislature d. citizens e. laws

In what year was the U.S. Constitution ratified? a. 1776 b. 1797 c. 1791 d. 1788 e. 1777

Laws that denied most legal rights to newly freed slaves and prohibited blacks from voting, sitting on juries, or appearing in public places after the Civil War in the South were known as A) Jim Crow laws. B) carpet-bagging. C) abolitionism. D) Black Codes. E) scalawag laws.

Leading the effort to secure the right to vote for women, the ________ engaged in a variety of tactics such as protesting in front of the White House. A) National Woman Suffrage Association. B) American Woman Suffrage Association C) National American Woman Suffrage Association D) National Woman's Party E) Women's Christian Temperance Union

President Harry S Truman used an executive order to A) justify the Korean War. B) establish affirmative action. C) avoid charges of adultery. D) desegregate the military. E) seize private U.S. steel mills.

Presidents may be removed from office by A) being found guilty of any crime by either the House or Senate. B) state referenda. C) a trial held in the Department of Justice. D) impeachment in the House and conviction at a trial held in the Senate. E) a majority vote of "no confidence" in both the House and Senate

Prior to the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment, how were senators selected? a. by direct election b. by the president c. by state governors d. by state legislatures e. By the Supreme Court

Reprieves and pardons are both examples of the President's (a) appointment power. (b) wartime powers. (c) ordinance power. (d) clemency power.

The "Contract with America" was a proposed program of governmental reform supported by many __________. a. Democrats b. women c. African Americans d. Republicans e. Latinos

The Bill of Rights refers to _________________ of the Constitution. A) the Preamble B) Article IV C) the first five amendments D) the first ten amendments E) the first eleven amendments

The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission was created by A) the Voting Rights Act of 1965. B) a presidential executive order. C) Congress to monitor all forms of discrimination. D) the Civil Rights Act of 1964. E) Title IX of the 1972 Civil Rights Act.

The Executive Office of the President includes I. the National Security Council. II. the Office of Management and Budget. III. the Council of Economic Advisers. IV. the Environmental Protection Agency A) I and II B) II and IV C) I, II, and IV D) I, II, and III E) I, III, and IV

The Fifteenth Amendment guarantees right to vote regardless of I. race. II. sex. III. color. IV. previous condition of servitude. A) I and III B) I, II, and III C) II, III, and IV D) I, III, and IV E) I, II, and IV

The Fourteenth Amendment attempted to guarantee which of the following to former slaves? a. forty acres of farmland and a mule b. free university education c. economic equality with whites d. citizenship rights e. debt forgiveness

The Fourteenth Amendment has been interpreted by the U.S. Supreme Court to __________ many of the protections of the Bill of Rights by applying them to states. A) negate B) do nothing to C) limit D) incorporate E) equally protect

The National Consumers' League I. sponsored Muller v. Oregon. II. was the major advocate for consumer rights. III. used sociological and medical data to prove that women should be barred from working more than eight hours a day. IV. was part of the abolitionist movement. A) III B) I and II C) II and III D) I and III E) II and IV

The New Deal best exemplifies which type of federalism? a. dual b. combined c. competitive d. cooperative e. progressive

The No Child Left Behind Act is an example of A) a block grant. B) returning power to the states as specified in the Contract with America. C) a funded mandate. D) preemption. E) a categorical grant.

The Seneca Falls Convention was A) called to draw additional attention to slavery. B) called to help implement the Missouri Compromise. C) a meeting in preparation for the World Anti-Slavery Society convention. D) held to discuss the civil and political rights of women. E) actually held in the city of New York.

The Seventeenth Amendment lessened state power by A) allowing Congress to tax individuals. B) abolishing the poll tax. C) creating a national bank. D) instituting the direct election of Senators. E) nullifying the Tenth Amendment.

The Supreme Court decision that overturned Plessy v. Ferguson in 1954 was A) Sweatt v. Painter. B) Missouri ex rel. Gaines v. Canada. C) McLaurin v. Oklahoma. D) Brown v. Board of Education. E) Brown v. Board of Education II.

The Supreme Court has ruled that A) the Constitution bars any redistricting between censuses. B) the Texas legislature's actions were forbidden by the full faith and credit clause since other states did not redistrict. C) Representative Tom DeLay's actions in ordering Democrats to attend the legislative session voting on redistricting proposals were illegal. D) it was unconstitutional for states to redistrict to purposefully dilute minority strength. E) the actions of the Democrats (leaving the state and therefore avoiding voting on redistricting) were a federal offense.

The Supreme Court ruled that slaves were not citizens, but property, in the case of A) McCulloch v. Maryland. B) Plessy v. Ferguson. C) Gibbons v. Ogden. D) Dred Scott v. Sandford. E) Brown v. Board of Education.

The Supreme Court's rulings in the Civil Rights Cases collectively resulted in A) greater state enforcement of federal civil rights laws. B) passage of the Thirteenth Amendment. C) an expanded interpretation of the Fourteenth Amendment. D) serious limitations on the scope of the Civil Rights Amendments. E) passage of the Fifteenth Amendment.

The Supreme Court, until 1900, repeatedly A) supported the Civil War Amendments. B) altered the interpretation of the Civil War Amendments. C) expanded the interpretation of the Civil War Amendments. D) nullified the intent of the Civil War Amendments. E) ruled that each amendment was unconstitutional.

The U.S. Supreme Court consistently has found that A) the Americans with Disabilities Act must be interpreted liberally. B) public buildings must always be accessible to the handicapped. C) failure to hire pilots who wear classes can be grounds for a discrimination claim. D) the disabled can sue local governments that do not make public buildings accessible to the disabled. E) workplaces must make accommodations for learning disabilities.

The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the notion of business necessity A) meant that businesses could discriminate if necessary to satisfy their customers. B) could be used to exclude pregnant women from most jobs. C) made it easier for employers to justify discrimination against women and African Americans. D) could be used to justify discrimination only if it had a relationship to successful job performance. E) was unconstitutional, because the practice violated the due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.

The ________ Amendments were added to appease the Federalists' concerns regarding enumerated rights. A) First and Fourth B) Second and Third C) Fourth and Eighth D) Ninth and Tenth E) Fourteenth and Fifteenth

The belief that the national government should not exceed its enumerated powers and that all other powers should be reserved to the states or the people is known as A) the full faith and credit doctrine. B) the doctrine of implied powers. C) confederalism. D) dual federalism. E) the unitary political system.

The major responsibilities of a member of Congress include a). constituency work. b). legislation. c). being a candidate for reelection. d). all of the above

The membership of the Cabinet is determined by A) the Constitution. B) the Secretary of State. C) seniority within each executive department. D) the president. E) the Congress.

The occupation most highly represented in the Senate is that of a). professor. b). business. c). clergy. d). attorney.

The process by which the Supreme Court has chosen to apply the specific guarantees in the Bill of Rights to the states is called A) due process. B) the inclusion doctrine. C) selective establishment. D) selective incorporation. E) the exclusion doctrine.

Thurgood Marshall was the first head of the A) National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. B) Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee. C) National Urban League. D) NAACP Legal Defense and Education Fund. E) Texas State University for Negroes.

U.S. citizens do not vote directly for a. governors. b. mayors. c. representatives. d. president and vice president.

Under which of the following scenarios is the president most likely to have success in getting Congress to enact legislation favored by the president? A) when the president is advocating on behalf of a bill that is important to a Republican member of Congress B) when the president is advocating on behalf of a bill that is important to a Democratic member of Congress C) when it is near the end of the president's term D) when the legislation is central to the president's announced agenda E) during divided government

What characteristics below of members of Congress are generally true? a). older than most Americans; b). predominantly white, male, an d from families with higher incomes; c). trained in higher status occupations; d). all of the above.

What typically happens to a House bill after it is reported by the full committee? A) It is introduced in the corresponding committee in the Senate. B) It is debated on the House floor. C) It is sent to a conference committee. D) It is sent to the Rules Committee. E) It is sent to the Committee on Committees.

Which government entity has the power to settle disputes between the states? a. Senate b. House of Representatives c. Department of State d. Supreme Court e. president

Which of the following duties is not performed by the U.S. president? a). Chief of State; b). Chief Executive; c). Commander in Chief; d). Presides over Senate;

Which of the following nations does NOT have a bicameral legislature? A) Canada B) United States C) United Kingdom D) New Zealand E) Australia

Which of the following presidents appointed the highest proportion of women? A) Jimmy Carter B) Ronald Reagan C) George Bush D) Bill Clinton E) George W. Bush

Which of the following was a problem under the Articles of Confederation? a. The national government was too strong compared to the states. b. The government derived its power from the citizens themselves. c. Congress imposed excessive taxes. d. Citizens lacked a national identity. e. Amendments to the Articles were too easy to ratify.

Why did the World Anti-Slavery Society MOST likely refuse to accept women's demands for equality? A) They felt like women had not worked hard enough for equality. B) No women had sought to join forces with the organization. C) Women were seen largely as racist. D) Members of the organization feared that fighting for both African Americans' and women's rights would be too ambitious of a goal to attain. E) Women already had more rights than African Americans, such as the right to vote.

Why was the Civil Rights Act of 1875 unsuccessful? a. The states of the former Confederacy did not abide by any of the laws passed by Congress prior to 1894. b. Congress did not have the authority to enact legislation in the South during the Civil War. c. The Civil Rights Act of 1875 was only concerned with discrimination on the basis of age. d. The Supreme Court said that private citizens could chose not to provide public accommodations on account of race. e. The Supreme Court said that governments could chose not to provide public accommodations on account of race.

________ is the Reed v. Reed of the gay rights movement. A) Bowers v. Hardwick B) Craig v. Boren C) Los Angeles Times v. MALDEF D) Lawrence v. Texas E) Hoyt v. Florida

________ led one of the longest filibusters in U.S. history in an effort to block passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. A) Jesse Helms B) Robert C. Byrd C) Lyndon B. Johnson D) Strom Thurmond E) Richard B. Russell

1) Federalism refers to how power is distributed A) among local governments. B) among state governments. C) within the national government. D) between state and local governments. E) between national and state governments.

10) The Framers agreed that the new nation had to be founded on notions of A) religious tolerance. B) religious faith. C) racial tolerance. D) racial freedom. E) religious freedom.

11) Debate among political historians continues over the motives of the Framers. Charles Beard argues that the men in Philadelphia were A) all patriots who had fought in the war. B) largely farmers who favored existing arrangements. C) worried that slavery was having a negative impact on trade relations with other nations. D) concerned with establishing a direct democracy. E) concerned that the Articles failed to protect the interests of the business class.

11) The fastest growing segment of the U.S. population is A) Asians. B) African Americans. C) Muslims. D) Caucasians. E) Hispanics.

16) The sole responsibility to try a president or vice president on charges of "treason, bribery, or other high crimes and misdemeanors" falls to the A) House of Representatives. B) state legislatures. C) Supreme Court. D) federal court system. E) Senate.

20) According to the text, which of the following is an ideology that political scientists generally do not measure? A) Moderate B) Liberal C) Fiscal conservative D) Social conservative E) Libertarian

24) Those who favored ratification of the Constitution were known as A) Whigs. B) Democratic-Republicans. C) Anti-Federalists. D) Tories. E) Federalists.

3) In 1765, the American colonists initiated a major protest against the A) Treaty of Paris. B) Quartering Act. C) Sugar Act. D) Tea Act. E) Stamp Act.

4) Locke's Second Treatise on Civil Government sets out a theory of A) the divine rights of kings. B) aristocracy. C) democracy. D) republicanism. E) natural rights.

5) According to Aristotle's classifications of government, rule by a few whose interests are served by the public is A) an aristocracy. B) a dictatorship. C) a democracy. D) a monarchy. E) an oligarchy.

6) A law declaring an a citizen or group of citizens guilty without a judicial trial is called A) an equity law. B) an ex post facto law. C) a writ of mandamus. D) an ex officio law. E) a bill of attainder.

7) American political culture embodies many key concepts including I. absolute personal liberty. II. political equality. III. majority rule. IV. individualism. A) I B) I and II C) II and III D) I, II, and III E) II, III, and IV

7) At the First Continental Congress, there were delegates from A) every colony except New York. B) every colony except Rhode Island. C) all thirteen colonies. D) all the colonies and a representative of the king. E) every colony except Georgia.

A member of Congress will often have trouble voting on an issue such as abortion because A) few people care about the issues, so a vote may be seen as wasted time. B) there is a clear majority opinion. C) members do not know the intricacies of abortion law. D) state policies vary dramatically. E) people feel passionately on both sides of the issue, so the member will always upset a large group of people, not matter how he or she votes.

According to the Constitution, apportionment and redistricting must occur every A) two years. B) four years. C) six years. D) eight years. E) ten years.

Among the more popular arguments against the proposed ERA were I. it would support legalized abortion. II. it narrowly passed both houses of Congress. III. husbands would no longer be legally bound to support their wives. IV. the public was largely against it. A) I and II B) II and III C) II and IV D) I and IV E) I and III

Among the most prominent people in the abolition movement was A) Martin Luther King, Jr. B) Thurgood Marshall. C) Thomas Jefferson. D) Rosa Parks. E) William Lloyd Garrison.

Among the tactics used by the civil rights movement were I. sit-ins and boycotts. II. lawsuits. III. freedom rides. IV. protests and marches. A) I only B) I and II C) II and IV D) I, II, and III E) I, II, III, and IV

By the time the Twenty-Fifth Amendment had been added to the Constitution, the office of the vice president had been vacant ________ percent of the time. A) five B) seven C) ten D) fifteen E) twenty

Emmitt Till was A) a leader of the Niagara Movement. B) a cofounder of the NAACP. C) one of the plaintiffs in Brown v. Board of Education. D) one of the Little Rock Nine. E) a fourteen-year-old victim of lynching.

For which of the following would the Supreme Court most likely apply an intermediate standard of review to determine whether the policy is an unconstitutional violation of the equal protection clause? a. preventing whites from attending schools designed to serve African American students b. prohibiting those over seventy years old from working in law enforcement c. prohibiting gays and lesbians from serving in the military d. requiring government contractors to have a racially diverse workforce e. having different minimum ages for men and women to marry

If you were a poor, illiterate, white farmer, which of the following would help ensure your ability to vote in the South after the Civil War? a. poll taxes b. literacy tests c. boycotts d. protests e. grandfather clauses

In 1955, a number of African American leaders, including the Reverend Martin Luther King Jr., founded the ________ to help continue the Montgomery Bus Boycott. A) National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. B) Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee. C) Congress of Racial Equality D) Southern Christian Leadership Conference. E) Montgomery Civil Improvement Association.

In Eyes on the Prize, Juan Williams wrote of the social code in the American South: I. Whites did not have to remove their hats even when they entered a black family's home. II. There were Jim Crow schools. III. Blacks were supposed to tip their hats. IV. Blacks were to be called by their first names. A) I only B) II and III C) I and IV D) II, III, and IV E) I, II, III, and IV

In Regents of the University of California v. Bakke (1978), the Supreme Court determined that __________ were unconstitutional. a. poll taxes b. grandfather clauses c. all forms of affirmative action d. Jim Crow laws e. racial quotas

In general, Congress is ________ than the rest of the United States. I. more liberal II. better educated III. older and whiter IV. more male and richer A) I and II B) I and IV C) II and III D) I, II, and III E) II, III, and IV

In the George W. Bush administration, key priorities of the Civil Rights Division included A) race, sex, and religious discrimination. B) religious discrimination and sex trafficking. C) voting rights and sex trafficking. D) voting rights, race, and sex discrimination. E) immigration and deportation.

In what year was the Bill of Rights added to the Constitution? a. 1776 b. 1788 c. 1789 d. 1798 e. 1791

One benefit of the federal system is the ability of the states to operate as __________ for new ideas. a. classrooms b. churches c. courts d. cradles e. laboratories

Race neutral laws enacted by southern states that resulted in segregation by race included I. Black Codes. II. poll taxes. III. Jim Crow laws. IV. grandfather clauses. A) I and II B) II and III C) III and IV D) I and IV E) II and IV

Republican members of the Senate come largely from states in the A) Northeast. B) Northeast and South. C) Midwest and West. D) Pacific Northwest and South. E) South and Southwest.

Standing committees can I. kill bills. II. amend bills. III. hurry bills through the process. IV. reconcile differences in House and Senate versions of bills. A) I and II B) II and III C) I and III D) II, III, and IV E) I, II, and III

Suppose Senator Smith asks Senator Ushkowitz to support the bill she is introducing to Congress, promising that if he supports it, she will vote in favor of the bill that he helped write. This is an example of A) bribery. B) pork barreling. C) reciprocal voting. D) you-scratch-my-back theory. E) logrolling.

The Committees of __________ were used by colonists to keep each other abreast of developments with the British. a. Collegiality b. Collaboration c. Congress d. the Continent e. Correspondence

The Defense of Marriage Act potentially violates which clause of the Constitution? a. Commerce b. Supremacy Clause c. Due Process d. Equal Protection e. Full Faith and Credit

The Emancipation Proclamation A) freed all slaves. B) limited slave ownership in the North. C) limited slave ownership in the West. D) pardoned Southerners who fought against the Union. E) freed all slaves in the Confederacy.

The House of Representatives and the Senate combined have ________ members with full voting privileges. A) 435 B) 475 C) 605 D) 575 E) 535

The NAACP began its litigation strategy to end segregation by challenging segregation in A) public accommodations. B) elementary schools. C) private housing projects. D) employment. E) law and graduate schools.

The No Child Left Behind Act is an example of a(n) __________. a. block grant b. business grant c. categorical grant d. programmatic request e. preemption

The Northwest Ordinance of 1787 was used to A) establish public education for American Indians. B) eliminate any idea that Indians had property rights. C) curtail expansion westward into Indian lands. D) justify what some call "genocide-at-law." E) prohibit the taking of Indian lands.

The Seventeenth Amendment placed in the hands of the people the power to elect which of the following? a. state executives b. local officials c. the president d. members of Congress e. senators

The Sixteenth Amendment made the ________ possible. A) national sales tax B) national import tax C) state sales tax D) state income tax E) national income tax

The Supreme Court ruled that individuals who are arrested must be informed of their constitutional rights in A) Mapp v. Ohio. B) Smith v. Massachusetts. C) Weeks v. U.S. D) McCleskey v. Zant. E) Miranda v. Arizona.

The Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Amendments are collectively known as the A) Civil Liberties Amendments. B) Bill of Rights. C) Susan B. Anthony Amendments. D) Frederick Douglass Amendments. E) Civil War Amendments.

The expansion of health insurance to most Americans A) was widely supported in the Senate. B) was widely supported in the House. C) showed the weakness of the Speaker of the House. D) was a key reason Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid decided not to seek re-election. E) showed how important cooperation is between Congress and the president.

The full faith and credit clause A) allows Indians to establish casinos on reservation lands. B) allows immigrants to commit crimes if that behavior is legal in their country of origin. C) prohibits state action to ban abortion. D) legitimizes organized religion in the United States. E) has become a controversial issue in light of the recent legalization of gay marriage in some states.

The official chair of the Senate is the _____. A) majority leader B) Speaker C) caucus chair D) vice president E) president pro tempore

The process of allotting seats in the House of Representatives is called A) redistricting. B) gerrymandering. C) proportionality. D) census. E) apportionment.

The right to privacy stems from the idea that some areas of life are off-limits to governmental regulation. This right is inferred from I. the First Amendment. II. the Fourth Amendment. III. the Fifth Amendment. IV. the Ninth Amendment. A) III only B) II and III C) I, III, and IV D) I, II, and IV E) I, II, III, and IV

Title VII litigation has resulted in I. consideration of sexual harassment as sex discrimination. II. a ban on sex discrimination in some areas of employment, such as partnership at law firms. III. allowing affirmative action programs to address historical discrimination against women. IV. considering same-sex discrimination as sex discrimination. A) I and II B) III and IV C) II and III D) II, III, and IV E) I, II, III, and IV

What type of legislature did the United States have under the Articles of Confederation? a. bicameral b. unified c. divided d. populist e. unicameral

When secular law conflicts with religious beliefs, freedom of religion is A) suppressed. B) guaranteed by the Second Amendment. C) allowed, but only after a court order is obtained. D) always upheld. E) sometimes denied.

Which clause in the Constitution ensures that judicial decrees and contracts made in one state will be binding and enforceable in another? a. Commerce b. Dormant Commerce c. Due Process d. Equal Protection e. Full Faith and Credit

Which clause of the U.S. Constitution did the Supreme Court interpret inMcCulloch v. Maryland? a. Commerce b. Dormant Commerce c. Due Process d. Equal Protection e. Necessary and Proper

Which clause provides that the Constitution shall be the supreme law of the land? a. full faith and credit b. legal c. primacy d. due process e. supremacy

Which of the following accommodations would an employer most likely have to make to be in compliance with the Americans with Disabilities Act? a. hiring a disabled person instead of an equally qualified person without a disability b. providing better medical insurance for employees who have a disability c. lowering expectations for the quality of work performed by employees with disabilities d. ensuring that employees who use a wheelchair have jobs that shield them from public contact e. installing a ramp and other physical accommodations for someone who uses a wheelchair

Which of the following acts was passed in response to presidential actions that Congress believed went beyond the responsible use of presidential power? I. Freedom of Information Act II. War Powers Act III. Budget and Impoundment Control Act A) I only B) II only C) III only D) I and II only E) II and III only

Which of the following are advantages of incumbency? I. Ease in fundraising II. Casework III. Franking privilege IV. Credit claiming A) I only B) II and III C) II, III, and IV D) I, II, and III E) I, II, III, and IV

Which of the following is a power specifically denied the states by the Constitution? a. conducting elections b. establishing local governments c. maintaining a militia d. providing for public health, safety, and morals e. regulating interstate commerce

Which of the following laws would be the most likely to draw strict scrutiny from the Supreme Court when determining its constitutionality? a. Male and female student athletes cannot compete on the same basketball team at the university level. b. Businesses cannot discriminate against gays and lesbians in hiring and promotion decisions. c. Those without a college degree are not eligible for upper-level civil service jobs. d. African Americans and whites must be given equal access to the public school system, including extracurricular activities. e. Government contracts must be awarded to a contractor who is a racial minority whenever at least 10 percent of the bidders are minority-owned businesses.

Which of the following people or groups influences congressional decision making? I. Constituents II. Political parties or colleagues III. Political action committees IV. Staff A) I and III B) II and III C) I, II, and III D) II, III, and IV E) I, II, III, and IV

Which of the following were most likely to oppose the proposed Constitution? a. lawyers b. merchants c. bankers d. plantation owners e. farmers

Which plan called for a one-house legislature and multi-person executive? a. the Ohio Plan b. the Connecticut Plan c. the Maryland Plan d. the Virginia Plan e. the New Jersey Plan

Which president created a set of programs in an effort to combat the Great Depression? A) Calvin Coolidge B) Herbert Hoover C) Howard Taft D) Woodrow Wilson E) Franklin Delano Roosevelt

Which president was defeated partly because of his unpopular use of the presidential pardon? A) Andrew Johnson B) Harry S Truman C) John Adams D) Lyndon B. Johnson E) Gerald R. Ford

_________ was a leader of the National Woman's Party. A) Susan B. Anthony B) Sojourner Truth C) Betsy Ross D) Eleanor Smeal E) Alice Paul

According to Table 8.4, President George W. Bush has used executive agreements far more often than did President Bill Clinton. TRUE or FALSE

FALSE

Article I describes the powers of the president.

FALSE

Civil liberties guarantee freedom from governmental actions such as discrimination. TRUE or FALSE

FALSE

Critics charge that the USA Patriot Act expands civil liberties needlessly in a time of war. TRUE or FALSE

FALSE

Divided government refers to the situation where the Congress and the Supreme Court are composed of different political majorities. TRUE or FALSE

FALSE

During George W. Bush's first six years in office, he did not appoint any women or minorities to major positions in his administration. TRUE or FALSE

FALSE

House incumbents usually win reelection, while Senate incumbents usually lose their reelection bids. TRUE or FALSE

FALSE

In Hernandez v. Texas, the Court ruled unanimously that Mexican Americans were entitled to a jury that included other Mexican Americans. TRUE or FALSE

FALSE

In Plessy v. Ferguson, a majority of the Supreme Court argued that the Constitution should be colorblind. TRUE or FALSE

FALSE

In Roe v. Wade, the Supreme Court ruled that the state had a right to regulate all aspects of second-trimester abortions, and that in the third trimester, abortions would only be legal if the life and health of the mother were at stake. TRUE or FALSE

FALSE

In interpreting the Fourth Amendment, the Supreme Court has ruled that police always need a warrant to conduct a search. TRUE or FALSE

FALSE

John F. Kennedy is generally considered to have been the best president. TRUE or FALSE

FALSE

Joint committees always are established to reconcile differences between versions of a particular bill in the House and the Senate. TRUE or FALSE

FALSE

Members of the Senate must be natural-born citizens of the United States. TRUE or FALSE

FALSE

Most presidential vetoes are overridden by Congress. TRUE or FALSE

FALSE

Only the Senate can impeach civil officers, who are tried by the House of Representative. TRUE or FALSE

FALSE

President Barack Obama has reversed many of the civil liberties curtailments put forth by the George W. Bush administration. TRUE or FALSE

FALSE

President George W. Bush promoted progressive federalism.

FALSE

Setting the time, place, and manner of elections is a concurrent power.

FALSE

Several provisions of the War Powers Act have been ruled unconstitutional by the U.S. Supreme Court because they interfere with the president's commander in chief powers. TRUE or FALSE

FALSE

The Articles of Confederation had a fairly powerful executive. TRUE or FALSE

FALSE

The Constitution was ratified in 1776.

FALSE

The George W. Bush administration ended the "Don't Ask, Don't Tell" Policy. TRUE or FALSE

FALSE

The Israeli Knesset was modeled on the U.S. Congress and operates in a nearly identical fashion. TRUE or FALSE

FALSE

The Missouri Compromise of 1820 eliminated tensions over slavery. TRUE or FALSE

FALSE

The New Jersey Plan proposed a powerful central government with three branches.

FALSE

The Sixteenth Amendment granted states greater power over taxation.

FALSE

The Supreme Court generally was supportive of President Franklin D. Roosevelt's early attempts to deal with the Great Depression.

FALSE

The Three-Fifths Compromise specified that only three-fifths of slaves could vote.

FALSE

The right to bear arms is guaranteed by the Third Amendment. TRUE or FALSE

FALSE

The vice president of the United States is the constitutionally designated presiding officer of the House. TRUE or FALSE

FALSE

Under the Articles of Confederation, the federal government had broad power to levy taxes.

FALSE

Vice presidential vacancies are filled by presidential nomination with confirmation required by three-fifths of the House. TRUE or FALSE

FALSE

Whips are named after the whips that they used in the eighteenth-century to control partisan loyalties in Parliament.

FALSE

10) The Constitution has only changed through formal amendments.

False

2) John Locke wrote Leviathan, in which he advocated for a strong central government.

False

27. Monarchy is a type of government that Aristotle considered rule by "tyranny."

False

3) Shays's Rebellion was the first battle of the Revolutionary War.

False

30. Over the years, our attitudes about personal liberty have remained unchanged.

False

5) The key functions of American government are found in both the Declaration of Independence and the Preamble of the U.S. Constitution.

False

6) African Americans are growing at the quickest rate of all ethnic or racial groups.

False

7) Article I of the Constitution creates the U.S. Supreme Court.

False

7) The typical modern American family is easy to describe.

False

9) The U.S. Constitution has been regularly rewritten.

False

A constitution is a written document establishing the structure, functions, and limitations of a government.

TRUE

A politico is a balance between a delegate and a trustee. TRUE or FALSE

TRUE

According to political scientist Paul E. Peterson, developmental programs are best left to state governments.

TRUE

Among the provisions of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 was a prohibition on arbitrary discrimination in employment. TRUE or FALSE

TRUE

Article III of the Constitution permits Congress to establish lower national courts.

TRUE

Article IV of the Constitution requires Ohio to honor an adoption that took place in California.

TRUE

As described by Table 2.1, How Do the Articles of Confederation and the U.S. Constitution Compare to One Another?, the Articles of Confederation did not include an executive.

TRUE

At times, the Supreme Court allows the use of hallucinogenic drugs in religious observances. TRUE or FALSE

TRUE

Before a bill can be debated on the floor of the House of Representatives, it must be given a rule and then placed on the calendar. TRUE or FALSE

TRUE

Block grants are federal monies given to the states with few strings attached.

TRUE

Brown v. Board of Education is considered by many scholars to be the most important civil rights case of the twentieth century. TRUE or FALSE

TRUE

Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee is the Native American equivalent of Uncle Tom's Cabin. TRUE or FALSE

TRUE

Congress has attempted to make exceptions to the full faith and credit clause.

TRUE

Generally, smaller states wanted to strengthen the Articles of Confederation, rather than replace them.

TRUE

If a committee chair desires, he or she can usually kill a bill. TRUE or FALSE

TRUE

In Gitlow v. New York, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that states were not completely free to limit forms of political expression. TRUE or FALSE

TRUE

Logrolling is another term for vote trading. TRUE or FALSE

TRUE

McCulloch v. Maryland effectively reduced the power of the states.

TRUE

Most Americans support affirmative action as a means to overcome past discrimination. TRUE or FALSE

TRUE

Most of a president's Cabinet nominees are successfully confirmed by the Senate. TRUE or FALSE

TRUE

Most of the former Confederate states passed Black Codes to restrict opportunities for newly freed slaves. TRUE or FALSE

TRUE

One of the most significant difficulties for Asian-Pacific Americans has been finding a Pan-Asian identity. TRUE or FALSE

TRUE

President Franklin D. Roosevelt expanded presidential policymaking powers at the expense of Congress. TRUE or FALSE

TRUE

President Lyndon B. Johnson's Great Society program altered the fragile balance between state and federal power.

TRUE

Redrawing congressional districts to reflect increases or decreases in population is called redistricting. TRUE or FALSE

TRUE

The Anti-Federalists strongly supported the Bill of Rights.

TRUE

The Congressional Budget Office helps members of Congress by evaluating the costs and economic effects of proposed legislation. TRUE or FALSE

TRUE

The House of Representatives has the power to impeach a president. Impeachment trials occur in the Senate. TRUE or FALSE

TRUE

The Office of Management and Budget aids the president in drafting his budget proposal. TRUE or FALSE

TRUE

The Supreme Court has ruled that testimony made with the assistance of one-way closed circuit television is permissible. TRUE or FALSE

TRUE

The Supreme Court ruled that the due process clause of the Fifth Amendment did not apply to the states in Barron v. Baltimore.

TRUE

The first Supreme Court case dealing with symbolic speech was Stromberg v. California. TRUE or FALSE

TRUE

The fiscal year ends on December 31. TRUE or FALSE

TRUE

The necessary and proper clause is the root of Congress's implied powers.

TRUE

The only congressional officer mentioned in the Constitution is the Speaker of the House. TRUE or FALSE

TRUE

The organization of Congress is closely tied to political parties. TRUE or FALSE

TRUE

The suffrage movement aimed to grant women the right to vote. TRUE or FALSE

TRUE

While the public typically disapproves of Congress, they tend to approve of the member who represents their district. TRUE or FALSE

TRUE

1) Commerce was the most common initial reason for settlement in North America.

True

1) The Committees of Correspondence were established to communicate ideas among the colonies in 1772.

True

10) According to a 2010 poll, over half of Americans believed that country is headed in the wrong direction.

True

11) Originally, electors did not vote for the president and vice president separately.

True

2) Thomas Paine wrote Common Sense to argue for American independence from Great Britain.

True

26. Indigenous peoples had been living in North America for more than 30,000 years before the arrival of the first European colonists.

True

28. Many colonists were uncomfortable with the term democracy because it conjured up fears of the people and mob rule.

True

29. Over time, our notions of what governments should do have expanded along with the size of government.

True

3) Jean-Jacques Rousseau believed a social contract would provide absolute equality.

True

4) Natural law is a doctrine that argues that society should be governed by certain ethical principles.

True

4) The 1787 Convention in Philadelphia w as called for the sole and express purpose of revising the Articles of Confederation.

True

5) To appease southern states, slaves were counted as three-fifths of a person for representation purposes.

True

6) Article II of the Constitution vests the executive power in a president.

True

8) According Isaiah Berlin, science and technology contributed significantly to the political environment of the twentieth century.

True

8) In Federalist No. 10, Madison argued that the greatest threat to individual liberty comes from factions within the government.

Mr. Foster Midterm Review Ch. 1-11

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