MS 1 Unit 7: Treatment of Impaired Muscle Performance

resistance exercise

form of an active exercise in which a muscle contraction is resisted by an external force

resistance

internal or external force

submaximal intensity

pt in early stages of healing/learning. children/older. warm up, endurance

Manuel Resistance Exercise

PT applies resistance, graded and subjective.

aerobic power

Repetitive burst of less intense muscle activity (stairs)

anaerobic power

Single burst of high intensity activity (jumping)

isotonic exercise

activity that combines muscle contraction with repeated movement

rest interval

allow body to recover from the acute affect of resistive exercise. increase in intensity = increase break (DOMS 24-48hrs)

determinants: intensity

amount of resistance training load during exercise

general (cardiopulm) fatigue characteristics

decrease blood sugar, glycogen storage in muscle and liver

open chain

distal segment is free to move on proximal, non weight bearing, can be single muscle group , requires external stabilization

acute DOMS

during and exercise performance "burning" build up of metabolites in mm belly

Isokinetic

dynamic exercise where velocity of muscle remains constant through motion, machine used

rhythmic breathing

exhale lifting, inhale lowering

variable resistance units

expensive equipment, one muscle uniplanar movement. external stabilization

Mechanical Resistance Exercise

form of exercise in which resistance is applied by some type of equipment documented easily, progressed easily not consistent in range, painful arc cannot be modified, expensive to purchase

Resistance Exercise physiological response with skeletal muscle

hypertrophy, hyperplasia, muscle fiber adaptation (2B->2A, never type 1->2) decrease in capillary bed density and mitochonraial density and volume

benefits of resistance exercise

improved: mm performance, healing, balance, feeling of well being, perception of disability and QOL, lean mm mass decreased: stress on joints during activity, body fat

skeletal muscle tension: cross sectional area and architecture

increase area, increase potential of force. orientation of muscle fibers

intensity precautions

increase in cardiovascular system demand. encourage rhythmic breathing

neural system response to resistance exercise

increase motor recruitment, increase rate of firing, and synchronization of firing. decrease in nervous system, sensitivitiy GTO

connective tissue with resistance exercise....

increase tensile strength of tendons, ligaments, bone mineral density

concentric

increase velocity, decrease force muscle shortening causing movement in the opposite direction

eccentric

increase velocity, increase force muscle lengthening causing movement in the same direction Increased DOMS, injury rate higher

maximal exercise load intensity

increases muscle strength, power. healthy adult later in conditioning

how can you progressively load muscles?

intensity - strength gains volume (sets/reps) - endurance gains

determinants: stabilization

internal - isometric muscle contraction from a nearby group of muscles external - stability from therapist or equipment

periodization

intervals over time of training to "peak" physically during competition time

exercise order

large muscle groups, multi joint before single muscle group, warm up before high intensity. integrate rest break into program by targeting one muscle group, then changing the next exercise to target a different muscle group

determinants: alignment

line of pull of muscle fibers, how gravity affects muscle

total body endurance

low intensity activity done over long period of time (cardiopulmonary)

Isometric Muscle Setting

low intensity isometric contraction. little/no resistance. SOC acute, decrease atrophy/pain, increase circulation and mobility

training endurance

low intensity, high reps over long period. muscle adapts by increasing oxidative capacity

strength training

low rep over shorter period

skeletal muscle tension: fiber type

muscle type affects strength - type 1: tonic (static or postural) low mm tension, endurance and posture maintenance. aerobic - type 2: phasic, large amount of tension produced in short time, fatigue quickly, anaerobic

overload principal

must be challenged to perform at a higher level - beyond what normally done for a specific amount of time

Volume: Repetitions

number of muscle contractions performed to complete the exercise

frequency

number of times exercise session performed depends on goal/health of patient - could lead to over training -> decline in muscle performance

duration

number of weeks/months the exercise program carried out

resistance exercise contraindications

pain, inflammation, severe cardiopulmonary disease

elastic resistance devices

portable, cheap, used at home, internal stabilization, unclear amount of resistance - color resistance changes between companies and band can break.

volume: sets

predetermined number of consecutive reps after rest is allowed

closed chain

proximal segment moves on distal segment fixed, weight-bearing, multiple muscle groups involved, mimics functional tasks

power

related to strength and speed of contraction

multiple angle static exercise

resistance applied to elicit isometric contraction at a variety of joint positions being strengthening through ROM but unable to do dynamic

local endurance

specific ability of a muscle to contract repetitively against resistance while resisting fatigue over an extended period of time

Specific Adaptations to Imposed Demands

specificity of exercise, functional exercise (relating to function to improve carry over) improve stair climbing: eccentric, concentric and body weight exercises

power training

strength first, then manipulate speed and intensity

Isometric Stabilization

submaximal isometric maintained to improve stability

muscle strength

the ability of contractile tissue to produce tension and a resultant force based on the demands placed on the muscle

Functional Strength

the ability of the neuromuscular system to produce, reduce, or control forces, contemplated or imposed, during functional activities, in a smooth, coordinated manner

Volume

to improve muscular strength (60-80%; 8-12 reps x 3 sets) vs muscular endurance (40% or less 40-50 reps x 3-5 sets)

local fatigue characteristics

uncomfortable, crampy, moving slow, jerky, compensation

free weights

used in a variety of positions, requires ability of internal stability

precautions of resistance training

valsalva manuver, substitute, overtraining, exercise induced muscle soreness, pathological fracture (weak bone from OA/OP)

chronic DOMS

12-24 hrs after exercise most common with eccentric exercise. increased soreness, edema, warmth, decreased ROM and strength