MS 1 Unit 7: Treatment of Impaired Muscle Performance
resistance exercise
form of an active exercise in which a muscle contraction is resisted by an external force
resistance
internal or external force
submaximal intensity
pt in early stages of healing/learning. children/older. warm up, endurance
Manuel Resistance Exercise
PT applies resistance, graded and subjective.
aerobic power
Repetitive burst of less intense muscle activity (stairs)
anaerobic power
Single burst of high intensity activity (jumping)
isotonic exercise
activity that combines muscle contraction with repeated movement
rest interval
allow body to recover from the acute affect of resistive exercise. increase in intensity = increase break (DOMS 24-48hrs)
determinants: intensity
amount of resistance training load during exercise
general (cardiopulm) fatigue characteristics
decrease blood sugar, glycogen storage in muscle and liver
open chain
distal segment is free to move on proximal, non weight bearing, can be single muscle group , requires external stabilization
acute DOMS
during and exercise performance "burning" build up of metabolites in mm belly
Isokinetic
dynamic exercise where velocity of muscle remains constant through motion, machine used
rhythmic breathing
exhale lifting, inhale lowering
variable resistance units
expensive equipment, one muscle uniplanar movement. external stabilization
Mechanical Resistance Exercise
form of exercise in which resistance is applied by some type of equipment documented easily, progressed easily not consistent in range, painful arc cannot be modified, expensive to purchase
Resistance Exercise physiological response with skeletal muscle
hypertrophy, hyperplasia, muscle fiber adaptation (2B->2A, never type 1->2) decrease in capillary bed density and mitochonraial density and volume
benefits of resistance exercise
improved: mm performance, healing, balance, feeling of well being, perception of disability and QOL, lean mm mass decreased: stress on joints during activity, body fat
skeletal muscle tension: cross sectional area and architecture
increase area, increase potential of force. orientation of muscle fibers
intensity precautions
increase in cardiovascular system demand. encourage rhythmic breathing
neural system response to resistance exercise
increase motor recruitment, increase rate of firing, and synchronization of firing. decrease in nervous system, sensitivitiy GTO
connective tissue with resistance exercise....
increase tensile strength of tendons, ligaments, bone mineral density
concentric
increase velocity, decrease force muscle shortening causing movement in the opposite direction
eccentric
increase velocity, increase force muscle lengthening causing movement in the same direction Increased DOMS, injury rate higher
maximal exercise load intensity
increases muscle strength, power. healthy adult later in conditioning
how can you progressively load muscles?
intensity - strength gains volume (sets/reps) - endurance gains
determinants: stabilization
internal - isometric muscle contraction from a nearby group of muscles external - stability from therapist or equipment
periodization
intervals over time of training to "peak" physically during competition time
exercise order
large muscle groups, multi joint before single muscle group, warm up before high intensity. integrate rest break into program by targeting one muscle group, then changing the next exercise to target a different muscle group
determinants: alignment
line of pull of muscle fibers, how gravity affects muscle
total body endurance
low intensity activity done over long period of time (cardiopulmonary)
Isometric Muscle Setting
low intensity isometric contraction. little/no resistance. SOC acute, decrease atrophy/pain, increase circulation and mobility
training endurance
low intensity, high reps over long period. muscle adapts by increasing oxidative capacity
strength training
low rep over shorter period
skeletal muscle tension: fiber type
muscle type affects strength - type 1: tonic (static or postural) low mm tension, endurance and posture maintenance. aerobic - type 2: phasic, large amount of tension produced in short time, fatigue quickly, anaerobic
overload principal
must be challenged to perform at a higher level - beyond what normally done for a specific amount of time
Volume: Repetitions
number of muscle contractions performed to complete the exercise
frequency
number of times exercise session performed depends on goal/health of patient - could lead to over training -> decline in muscle performance
duration
number of weeks/months the exercise program carried out
resistance exercise contraindications
pain, inflammation, severe cardiopulmonary disease
elastic resistance devices
portable, cheap, used at home, internal stabilization, unclear amount of resistance - color resistance changes between companies and band can break.
volume: sets
predetermined number of consecutive reps after rest is allowed
closed chain
proximal segment moves on distal segment fixed, weight-bearing, multiple muscle groups involved, mimics functional tasks
power
related to strength and speed of contraction
multiple angle static exercise
resistance applied to elicit isometric contraction at a variety of joint positions being strengthening through ROM but unable to do dynamic
local endurance
specific ability of a muscle to contract repetitively against resistance while resisting fatigue over an extended period of time
Specific Adaptations to Imposed Demands
specificity of exercise, functional exercise (relating to function to improve carry over) improve stair climbing: eccentric, concentric and body weight exercises
power training
strength first, then manipulate speed and intensity
Isometric Stabilization
submaximal isometric maintained to improve stability
muscle strength
the ability of contractile tissue to produce tension and a resultant force based on the demands placed on the muscle
Functional Strength
the ability of the neuromuscular system to produce, reduce, or control forces, contemplated or imposed, during functional activities, in a smooth, coordinated manner
Volume
to improve muscular strength (60-80%; 8-12 reps x 3 sets) vs muscular endurance (40% or less 40-50 reps x 3-5 sets)
local fatigue characteristics
uncomfortable, crampy, moving slow, jerky, compensation
free weights
used in a variety of positions, requires ability of internal stability
precautions of resistance training
valsalva manuver, substitute, overtraining, exercise induced muscle soreness, pathological fracture (weak bone from OA/OP)
chronic DOMS
12-24 hrs after exercise most common with eccentric exercise. increased soreness, edema, warmth, decreased ROM and strength