MT Chapter 16 The EYE

sight, vision

-opia

dz

-pathy

formation

-plasia

surgical repair

-plasty

stroke, paralysis

-plegia

prolapse, drooping

-ptosis

lacrimal canaliculi

2 ducts in the inner corner of the eye that collect tears and rain into the lacrimal sac

muscles of the eye

6 short muscles provide support and rotary movement of the eyeball

conjunctiva

acts as a protective covering for the exposed surface of the eyeball and helps keep the eyelid/eyeball moist

visual acuity

acuteness or sharpness of vision

mydriatics

agents used to dilate the pupil

Stargardt's dz

aka juvelline macular degeneation is a inherited dz that manifests itself between the ages of 7-12

oblique muscles

allow eyes to see upper left and upper right, lower left, and lower right

rectus muslces

allow person to see up down right and left

dull

ambly

lack of

an-

unequal

anis/o

retinopathy

any dz of the retina;

iris

colored membrane attached to the ciliary body and suspended between the lens and the cornea in the aqueous humor

iris

colored membrane attached to the ciliary body with a circular opening in its center, the pupil and 2 muscles that contract; regulates the amount of light admitted by the pupil

aphakia

condition in which the crystalline lens in absent

esotropia

condition in which the eye or eyes turn inward; crossed eyes

nyctalopia

condition in which the individual has difficulty seeing at night; night blindess

anisocoria

condition in which the pupils are unequal

phacosclerosis

condition of hardening of the crystalline lens

trichiasis

condition of ingrowing eyelashes that rub against he cornea, causing a constant irritation to the eyeball

to join together, conjunctiva

conjunctiv

orbit

contains the eye ball; cavity is lined with fatty tissue that pcushions the eyeball and has several openings through which blood vessels and nerves pass

cold

cry/o

astigmatism

defect in the refractive powers of the eye in which a ray of light is not focused on the retina but is spread over an area

macular degeneration

degeneration of the area of teh retina important for the visualization of fine details

strabismus

disorder of the eye in which the optic axes cnnot be directed to the same object

diplopia

doible vision

blepharoptosis

drooping of the upper eyelid

astigmatism

due to a misshaped curvature of the cornea and lens

amblyopia

dullness of visions; reduced or dimness of vision; lazy eye

glaucoma

dz characterized by increased intraocular pressure; aqueous humor is blocked and rains too slowly from the anterior chamber

retrolental fibroplasia

dz of the retinal vessels present in premature infants

in

em-

disintegrate

emulsificat

lacrimal sac

enlargement of the upper portion of the lacrimal duct

to remove the kernel of

enucleat

inward

eso-

gonioscopy

examination of the anterior chamber of the eye via a gonioscope; used to determine ocular motility and rotation

ophthalmoscopy

examination of the interior of the interior of eyes via ophthalmoscope used to view the retina and identify changes in the blood vessels and to diagnose systemic dzes

eye eyelids conjunctiva lacrimal apparatus

external structures of the eye?

xerophthalmia

eye condition in which the conjunctiva is dry

accommodation

function of the lens to sharpen the focus of light on the retina; combines the changes in the size of the pupil, curvature of the lens, and the convergence of the optic axes to keep the image in the same place on both retinae

hemiamopia

inability to see half of the field of vision

xenophthalmia

inflamed eye condition caused by foreign material

keratitis

inflammation of hte cornea

sty(e)

inflammation of one or more of the sebaceous glands of the eyelid; also called a hordeolum

conjunctivitis

inflammation of the conjunctiva that can be caused by allergens, iritating substances, bacteria, viruses, or stds

keratoconjunctivitis

inflammation of the cornea and the conjunctiva

blepharitis

inflammation of the hair follicles and glands along the edges of the eyelids

iridocyclitis

inflammation of the iris and ciliary body

retinitis

inflammation of the retina

scleritis

inflammation of the sclera

uveitis

inflammation of the uvea(iris, ciliary body, and choroid, and forms the pigmented layer)

choroiditis

inflammation of the vascular coat of the eye

retina

innermost layer of the eye, richly supplied with blood vessels and contains photo receptive cells that translate light waves focused on its surface into nerve impulses

retina

innermost layer with receptive cells; translates light waves focused on its surface into nerve impulses

optomyometer

instrument used to measure the strength of the muscles of the eye;

gonioscope

insturment used to examine the angle of the anterior chamber of the eye

nystagmus

involuntary, constant, rhythmic movement of the eyeball

cornea

kerat

cornea pupil lens and vitreous body

light passes through the ?

lacrimal gland

located above the outer corner of the eye, secretes tears trough approximately 12 ducts onto the surface of the conjunctiva of the upper lid

retinoblastoma

malignant tumor arising from the germ cell of the retina

tonometry

measurement of the IOP of the eye via a tonometer; used to sceen for an detect glaucoma

ophthalmoscope

medical instrument used to examine the interior of the eye

tonometer

medical instrument used to measure intraoclar pressure

uvea

middle layer of the eyeball

dilation, widen

mydriat

emmetropia

normal or perfect vision

optometrist

one who specializes in examining the eyes for refractive effors and providing appropriate corrective lens

optician

one who specializes in making optical products and adccessories such as eye glasses

optic disk

only part of the retina that is insensitive to light

cataract

opacity of the crystalline lens or its capsule; most often occurs in older adults

eye ball

organ of vision

sclera

outer layer of the eyeball composed of fibrous connective tissue; at the front of the eye it is visible as the white of the eye and eds at the cornea

cycloplegia

paralysis of the ciliary muscle

nasolacrimal duct

passageway draining lacrimal fluid into the nose;

mydriatic

pertainign to an agent that causes the pupil to dilate

miotic

pertaining to an agent that causes the pupil to contract

corneal

pertaining to the cornea

ocular

pertaining to the eye

optic

pertaining to the eye

uveal

pertaining to the second or vascular coat of the eye

lacrimal

pertaining to the tears

intraocular

pertaining to within the eye

lentil, lens

phak

rods cods

photoreceptor cells of the retina are/

ophthalmologist

physician who specializes in the study of the eye

choroid

pigmented vascular membrane that prevents internal reflection of light

optic disk

point at which nerve fibers from the retina converge to form the optic nerve

ocular fundus

posterior inner part of the eye as seen with an ophthalmoscope

accommodation (Acc)

process by which the eyes make adjustments to see objects at various distances

photocoagulation

process of altering proteins in tissue by the use of light energy such as the laser beam

keratometry

process of measuring the cornea via akeratometer

exophthalmometry

process of measuring the forward protrustion of the eye via an exophthalmometer; used to evaluate an icrease or decrease in exophthalmos associated with hyperthyroidism

enucleation

process of removing an entire part of mass without rupture, as the eyeball from its orbit

phacoemulsification

process of using ultrasound to disintegrate a cataract by inserting a needle through a small incision and aspirating the disintegrated cataract

lacrimal apparatus

produces stores and removes tears that cleanse and lubricate the eye

eyelids

protects the eyelids from intense light, foreign particles, and impact; permits eye to remain moist

lacrimal apparatus

provides the structrues that produce store and remove the tears that cleanse and lubricate the eye

electroretinogram

record of the electrical response of retina to light stimulation

tonography

recording of intraocular pressure used in detecting glaucoma

hardening, sclera

scler

meibomian glands

secrete sebum that helps the eye lids from sticking together

cones

sensitive to bright light and color vision

lens

sharpens the focus of light on the retina

optic foramen

short canal through he lesser wing of the sphenoid bone at the apex of the orbit that gives passage to the optic nerve and ophthalmic artery

chalazion

small, hard, painless cysts of sebaceous gland of the eyelids

microlens

small, thin corneal contact lens

ciliary body

smooth muscle that forms a part of the ciliary body that governs the convexity of the lens; secretes nutrient fluids that nourish the cornea, the lens, and surrounding tissues

point

stigmat

squinting

strabism

orthoptics

study and treatment of defective binocular vision resutling from defects in ocular muscultarue

ophthalmology

study of the eye

phacolysis

surgical destruction and removal of the crystalline lens in the treatment of a cataract

iridectomy

surgical excision of a portion of the iris

corneal transplant

surgical process of transferring the cornea form a donor to the patient

keratoplasty

surgical repair of the cornea

ciliary body

thickened portion of the vascular membrane to which the iris is attached

cornea

transparent anterior portion of the eyeball, which bends light rays and helps to focus them on the surface of the retina

cornea

transparent anterior portion of the eyes fibrous outer surface

turn

trop

dacryoma

tumor like swelling caused by obstruction of the tear ducts

entropion

turning inward of the margin of the lower eyelid

exotropia

turning outward of one or both eyes

cryosurgery

type of surgery that uses extreme cold to destroy tissue or to produce well-demarcated areas of cell injury

photophobia

unusual tolerance to light

ocular ultrasonography

use of high frequency sound waves to measure for intraocular lenses and to detect orgbital and periorbital lesions

color vision tests

use of polychromatic charts or an anomaloscope to assess an individual ability to recognize differences in color

rods

used for night vision and sensitive to dim light

iris ciliary body and the choroid

uvea consists of?

myopia

vision defect in which parallel rays come to a focus in front of the retina; nearsightedness

hyperopia

vision defect in which parallel rays come toa focus beyond the retina; farsightedness

sclera

white of eye