MUS 225 EXAM 1

What was the Beatles' song that used tape loops to create an otherworldly sound?

"Tomorrow Never Knows"

Which of the following films used Bill Haley's song "(We're Gonna) Rock around the Clock" over the opening credits?

Blackboard Jungle

Which singer began recording rockabilly songs like "Bigelow 6-200" before the age of thirteen?

Brenda Lee

Who was the manager responsible for cleaning up the Beatles' stage act and helping them to secure their first recording contract?

Brian Epstein

When the Rolling Stones first formed, they were led by

Brian Jones

Between 1945 and 1963, music moved across international lines because

British listeners were fascinated with American music.

All of the following artists recorded for Sun Records, EXCEPT

Buddy Holly

On February 3, 1959, known as the "The Day the Music Died,"

Buddy Holly was killed in a plane crash

In 1963, the year after the Beatles' first single was released, most of the number-one hits on the U.K. charts were

By British artists

Who was the New Orleans-based pianist and singer who had more than thirty Top 40 hits, including "Blueberry Hill"?

Fats Domino

Chuck Berry's crossover hit "Maybellene" was his version of a country tune called

Ida Red

Who was the artist who cowrote and first recorded the song "Tutti Frutti"?

Little Richard

Which artists were early rock and roll performers known for their manic piano playing and wild stage personas?

Little Richard and Jerry Lee Lewis

Where did the members of the Beach Boys grow up?

Los Angeles

A second wave of Beatles-type bands—including Herman's Hermits, Freddy and the Dreamers, and the Hollies—emerged from which city?

Manchester

Where was Sun Records located?

Memphis

Which city became a center for country music recording and publishing after World War II?

Nashville

Sam Phillips sold Elvis's contract to

RCA

Who was the record producer who traveled the South and recorded many of the earliest country music performers?

Ralph Peer

This star of the radio and television show The Adventures of Ozzie and Harriet recorded twenty-six Top 40 singles.

Ricky Nelson

Gene Vincent and Eddie Cochran are associated with what style of music?

Rockability

His recording of "Only the Lonely (Know How I Feel)" demonstrates which singer's characteristic falsetto voice?

Roy Orbison

Lonnie Donegan was credited with popularizing

Skiffle

Before he had a string of hit records for the independent label Monument, Roy Orbison recorded for

Sun

What was the blues-oriented band from Newcastle that featured singer Eric Burdon?

The Animals

Which was the vocal group that recorded the "playlet" songs "Smokey Joe's Cafe" and "Down in Mexico" with producers Leiber and Stoller?

The Coasters

Buddy Holly's band, which recorded the hit "That'll Be the Day," was called

The Crickets

Some in the music business incorrectly predicted that _____________ would eventually be more popular than the Beatles.

The Dave Clark Five

What was the television show that launched the Beatles into American stardom?

The Ed Sullivan Show

Two British invasion bands that defy "Beatles-type" or "Stones-type" categorization are

The Kinks/The Who

In the United Kingdom, a lighthearted, driving pop feel with accents on beats 2 and 4 was called

The Mersey Beat

What was the name of the band that later became the Beatles?

The Quarry Men

Andrew Loog Oldham managed and produced

The Rolling Stones

"Be My Baby" was recorded by which girl group?

The Ronettes

Gene Autry is most often associated with

Western music

Bob Wills and His Texas Playboys are best known for what style of music?

Western swing

falsetto

When a male singer uses his highest vocal register, this is referred to as the falsetto. The highest vocal parts on Beach Boys records, for example, are often sung in falsetto. A good example is the line "everybody's gone surfing" in the song "Surfin' U.S.A." Frankie Valli has a more aggressive sounding falsetto, as can be heard in "Big Girls Don't Cry." (page 140)

arpeggios

When the individual notes of a chord are played separately, an arpeggio results. While any instrument can play an arpeggio, they are frequently found in guitar and piano parts as a way of providing variety in the accompaniment. (page 214)

By the early 1960s, Elvis Presley had

a broader appeal

The instrumentation of a big band typically consists of

a rhythm section and a horn section

The Shangri-Las' "Leader of the Pack" is a song portraying

a teenage death

The pop success of folk artists in the late 1950s and early 1960s is most effectively measured by looking at their

album sales

Suns records was

an independent label from Memphis

In contrast to the Beatles, the Rolling Stones were represented as

bad boys

During the 1960s, the Rolling Stones became popular in the United States

before The Beatles

In the 1950s, pop covers of rhythm and blues songs

benefited mainly record companies and white performers

Rhythm and blues in the postwar period was marketed to a

black, rural audience

Harry Belafonte's 1957 hits "Jamaica Farewell" and "Banana Boat (Day-O)" reflect an American fascination with

calypso

The folk revival that began in the late 1950s can largely be attributed to the interest of

college students

When a record holds a prominent position on more than one popularity chart (for example, the pop chart and the rhythm and blues chart), this is known as

crossover

Rockabilly arrangements tended not to use

drums

Chess Records in Chicago was known for recording

electric blues

Record popularity charts were created to

help industry radicals change the system.

The Yardbirds

included several important guitarists who went on to form their own bands.

As a songwriter, Chuck Berry appealed to teenagers by doing all of the following EXCEPT

incorporating sexually explicit lyrics

Duane Eddy and the Ventures had a series of hits between 1959 and 1962 that could be described as

instrumental surf

Which was a vocal surf group that worked closely with the Beach Boys until the groups' respective labels objected?

jan and dean

Which of the following was characteristic of the Mod subculture in 1960s London?

listening to ska and rhythm and blues

Hokum blues refers to

lyrics containing sexual double entendre

In 1957, Jerry Lee Lewis's career stalled due to a scandal surrounding his

marriage

Which of the following played a central role in the development of a national audience for entertainment in the United States?

network radio

Which was the technique of sound-on-sound recording pioneered by Les Paul?

overdubbing

The opening guitar solo of Chuck Berry's "Johnny B. Goode" uses double stops, a technique that involves

playing two notes at the same time

In 1948, WDIA in Memphis became one of the first radio stations to

program music and advertising for the local black community.

Many Tin Pan Alley songs are in which format?

sectional verse-chorus

Blues musician Robert Johnson typically performed

solo vocals with guitar self-accompaniment.

Before it was available over national radio networks, National Barndance was broadcast across

the Midwest

Controversy erupted in 1966 over a remark John Lennon made about

the church

The Everly Brothers came from a background in

the country music of the southeast

Which was the group that Ben E. King performed with on recordings for Atlantic including "There Goes My Baby"?

the drifters

Payola refers to

the practice of giving DJs gifts or cash to play records on the radio.

Drummer Hal Blaine was part of a group of Los Angeles studio musicians known as

the wrecking crew

What was the name of the independent record label founded in New York by Ahmet Ertegun and Herb Abramson known for producing rhythm and blues records?

Atlantic

In 1963, the British press began to label the frenzy surrounding the Beatles as

Beatlemania

When the television show American Bandstand began to be broadcast nationally on ABC, the host was

Dick Clark

Who is credited with creating the "Wall of Sound"?

Phil Spector

Carl Perkins's biggest hit for Sun Records was

"Blue suede shoes"

lick

A lick is a short and distinctive melodic figure. A lick is not a complete melody, but it may be employed as part of a melody, either vocally or instrumentally. A lick may also be used anywhere in the accompaniment, often as part of a repeated pattern, but not necessarily. The guitar lick from the beginning of the Rolling Stones' "(I Can't Get No) Satisfaction" is a famous example. For the purposes of this book, "lick" and "riff" are synonymous. (page 180)

Tag

A tag usually occurs at the end of a song or large section and consists of repeating the last few measures of the concluding section up to two times. (page 121)

The song "Over the Rainbow," famously sung by Judy Garland, is in what form?

AABA

During the payola scandals, there was a struggle between which two organizations that collected royalties for songwriters?

ASCAP and BMI

Which was the Nashville-based publishing firm that was important for the growth of the country and western music industry in that city?

Acuff-Rose

Which celebrity DJ, who started out playing rhythm and blues records on a Cleveland radio station, was influential in bringing rock and roll into the mainstream?

Alan Freed

Al Nevins and Don Kirschner ran what music publishing firm that helped to establish the "Brill Building" approach?

Aldon Publishing

John Mayall, Steve Winwood, and Eric Clapton were all part of a group of British musicians that favored

American Blues

"That's All Right (Mama)" was written by

Arthur Crudup

Why did Capitol Records decline to issue the Beatles' first singles in the United States?

Capitol presumed the singles would fail because previous British artists had few hits in the United States.

The song "Will You Still Love Me Tomorrow?" was performed by the Shirelles and produced by

Carole King and Gerry Goffin.

By the early 1950s, which city was the most important center in the United States for blues music?

Chicago

"The Twist" was originally performed by Hank Ballard, but it was popularized on American Bandstand by

Chubby Checker

The instrumental accompaniments in early Beach Boys songs such as "Surfin' U.S.A." were heavily influenced by

Chuck Berry

During the period between 1957 and 1963, the most successful British rocker was

Cliff Richard

"(I Can't Get No) Satisfaction," like many early Jagger-Richards compositions, is in what form?

Contrasting verse-chorus

Which musicians led the influential blues revival band Blues Incorporated?

Cyril Davies and Alexis Korner

Which two high-profile music industry professionals were questioned by a congressional committee during the payola investigations?

Dick Clark and Alan Freed

What was the style of rhythm and blues that emerged from urban neighborhoods and was typically characterized by vocal harmony and nonsense syllables?

Doo-wop

Bessie Smith's recording of which song sold more than a million copies?

Down Hearted Blues

The "three-finger roll" was a banjo technique developed by

Earl Scruggs

Which singer established a new model for pop singers when s/he broke away from big bands and became a solo star and teen idol in the 1940s?

Frank Sinatra

Who produced the Beatles' early recordings?

George Martin

Between 1960 and 1962, the Beatles made three extended trips to

Hamburg

Though he had less than five years of success when he died at age 33, which singer and songwriter was considered country music's biggest star in the late 1940s and early 1950s?

Hank Williams

Sectional chorus and sectional verse

In the decades before rock music, popular songs often featured two large sections. The first of these was a kind of lengthy introduction to the song proper, employing lyrics that set the scene for the song itself. The second large section was the song itself. Through the years, many of these introductions have been all but forgotten, while the songs themselves have remained familiar. Writers who work in Tin Pan Alley-style pop often call the first section of such songs the "verse," and the second section the "chorus." This usage conflicts with the established use of these terms in rock music, however, and can lead to great confusion. To address this, we will call these introductory sections "sectional verses" and the song proper "sectional chorus," reserving the use of "verse" and "chorus" for use as they are defined in this Glossary and in the text. (page 43)

Which of the following singers, signed to RCA Records just after Elvis Presley, was marketed as the "female Elvis"?

Janis Martin

The first important production team in rock was

Jerry Leiber and Mike Stoller

The Brill Building, which housed many music publishers, was located in

New York City

Tin Pan Alley refers to a style of music, a way of doing business, and an area located in

New York City

Overdubbing

Overdubbing is a recording process in which new recorded parts are added to previously recorded ones. One benefit to overdubbing is that it allows parts of a song to be recorded at different times, and even makes it possible for the same person to perform multiple parts in a way that would be impossible in real time. (page 54)

Which singer performed a cover of Fats Domino's "Ain't It a Shame," retitled "Ain't That a Shame," which outperformed the original on the pop charts?

Pat Boone

The Beach Boys' recording of "Don't Worry Baby," produced by Brian Wilson, was modeled on "Be My Baby," produced by

Phil Spector

What was one of Jimmie Rodger's nicknames?

The Singing-Brakeman

During the Hamburg and Liverpool period, the Beatles often performed music with origins in

The United States

How did the Beatles' approach to writing lyrics change between 1964 and 1966?

They wrote increasingly complex lyrics

The film A Hard Day's Night

features the Beatles playing themselves at the height of Beatlemania.

Peter, Paul, and Mary and the Kingston Trio are associated with what style of music?

folk

Before he recorded pop music, Sam Cooke sang primarily

gospel

Dick Dale was famous for playing which instrument?

guitar

What creates the high-pitched guitar sounds in "I'm Sittin' On Top of the World"?

guitars recorded at half speed

After World War II, teenagers

had their own pop culture

Compared to Big Joe Turner's original, Bill Haley's cover of the song "Shake, Rattle, and Roll"

has cleaner lyrics and a different rhythmic feel

In addition to being a performer, Buddy Holly was an influential

songwriter

All of the following were typical of the recordings Phil Spector produced EXCEPT

stereo backing tracks

What is the style of music, exemplified by artists such as Sam Cooke and the Drifters, which mixes rhythm and blues with orchestral strings?

sweet soul

In the late 1950s and early '60s, Frankie Avalon, Bobby Darin, and Freddy Cannon were all known as

teen idols

All of the following characterized mainstream popular music in the early 1950s, EXCEPT

teenagers and their parents listened to very different pop music.

Early radio networks such as NBC linked stations through

telephone lines