Muscle and Muscle Tissue

Special Characteristics of muscle tissue

1. Excitability or responsiveness. 2. Contractibility. 3. Extensibility. 4. Elasticity.

tendon

A tendon is a fibrous connective tissue which attaches muscle to bone

tropomyosin

a ribbon that covers bindings sights and makes filaments unable to bind permanently

glycolysis

a way of creating ATP, don't need oxygen, very inefficient

aponeurosis

a whitish, fibrous membrane that connects a muscle to a bone or fascia.

convergent

all the fascicles converge together pectoralis major.

insertions

attachment to the movable bone

why are muscles striated?

boatloads of sarcomeres

motor end plate

bumpy indent on a muscle cell that a motor neuron articulates with

cardiac muscle tissue

cardiac, striated, and involuntary

extensibility

characteristic of muscle tissue. has the ability to stretch and still contract

excitation contraction coupling

converting electrical stimulus to a mechanical response

multipennate

draw a chicken, many feathers deltoid.

acetylcholinesterase

enzyme used to break down ACH into acetyl and choline

muscles

force

creatine phosphate

found in skeletal muscle cells and can recycle creatine cell, makes ADP to ATP over and over again= cool recycling

first class lever

fulcrum is in the middle, load and the effort on the other side, system is powerful and fast

third class lever

fulcrum is on the end, load is on the end, and pull is in the middle, is not powerful or mechanically advantageous at al

joints

fulcrums

Pump calcium back

have to pump calcium back in from where it came from

synergists

helpers;trying to make the movements very specific and stable

smooth muscle

intra and extra cellular calcium can be used

sarcoplasmic reticulum

is a pump that holds and secretes ionized calcium that creates contractions. The smooth endoplasmic reticulum found in muscle cells

Troponin

job is to lift tropomyosin out of the way when activated by calcium

unipennate

just a half feather extensor digitorum longus.

epimysium

layer of dense irregular connective tissue surrounding the perimysium.

perimysium

layer of fibrous connective tissue around the fassicle.

fascicles

layer that wrapped muscle fibers grouped together.

bone

levers

parallel

linear, many parallel lines sartorius

second class lever

load is in the middle, pivot on side, muscle on opposite side, system is moderately advantageous

circular

many circles- think sphincters .mouth-orbicularis oris, eyes, anus.

pennate

means feathery, like the first pens

muscle

means myo

functions of muscle

movement, posture, stabilizes joints, and generates heat.

endomysium

muscle fiber that is surrounded by a fine sheath of Connective tisse means "within the muscle" -surrounding a muscle cell or fiber (muscle cell= muscle fiber)

oxidative phosphorylation

needs ton of oxygen, Krebs and ETC, very efficient

skeletal muscle

only intra cellular calcium can be used

myofibril

organelles of contraction

skeletal muscle

organs that attach to and cover the bony skeleton

sarcolemma

plasma membrane found only in muscle cells

agonist

prime mover, main muscle that is moving the bone, tugging the bone ex. biceps

bipennate

really looks like a feather, all the fascicles merge to one base rectus femorist

sarcomere

region of a myofibril between two successive z discs

antagonist

resists the movement ex. triceps

what causes helps create a contraction?

sarcomeres

myofibril is made of

sarcomeres.

skeletal muscle tissue

skeletal, striated, and voluntary. The only kind of tissue that has a nerve.

triad

terminal cisternae, double protein, and t-tube

elasticity

the ability of a muscle fiber to recoil and resume its resting length after being stretched.

extensibility

the ability to be stretched or extended

excitability

the ability to receive and respond to a stimulus (usually chemical in muscle)

contractility

the ability to shorten forcibly when adequately stimulated

acetylcholine

the most common neurotransmitter that the CNS and PNS uses to create contractions

cross bridge

the state when binding sites are connected

graded muscle response

the sum of motor units used to lift items, will used a different amount of units depending on how heavy it is guessed the item is

terminal cisternae

the upper bumpy dog bone portion of the SER

synaptic knob

the very end of the nerve, what articulates with the motor end plate

myosin

thick filaments in sarcomeres

actin

thin filaments in sarcomeres

Isometric

type of contraction has no movement but generates force, think pushing a wall, same muscles used in posture and tone

promoters

type of synergists: helps the agonist

fixers (fixators)

type of synergists: helps the antagonist

binding sights

used to grab and yank toward the Medial line

allosteric hindrance

used to remove the cross bridge, ATP causes old ATP to fall off and new ATP comes in, changes shape of contraction

smooth muscle tissue

visceral, nonstriated, and involuntary

excitability

what characteristic of muscle tissue has the ability to respond to stimulation

elasticity

what characteristic of muscle tissue has the ability to resume resting length after contraction

contractility

what characteristic of muscle tissue has the ability to shorten forcefully

Isotonic

what type of contraction occurs when the muscle changes shape (shortening or lengthening) and has mass movement

neuromuscular junction

when a neuron comes together with the motor end plate to exchange calcium and acetylcholine

ratcheting the myosin head

when calcium is released to move tropomyosin out of the way so the binding sites build a cross bridge, phosphates then contribute to what event?

origin

where the muscle is attaching to the bone that does not move.

motor units

One motor neuron and all the fibers it innervates

Types of muscle tissues

There are 3 types of muscle tissue: Skeletal Muscle tissue. Cardiac Muscle tissue. Smooth Muscle tissue.

myosin head is cocked

___________ is __________when ATP binds becomes ADP and the myosin is ready to go

what is a fascicle?

a bundle of muscle fibers

spatial summation

a graded muscle response that is a way to grade a response by summing up space

temporal summation

a graded muscle response that is the rate the message of "pick up" is sent, the summation of time