Muscle Tissue- Study Guide

Which of the following structures is surrounded by the connective tissue sheath known as the perimysium?

B

which of the following corresponds to a single fascicle

B

Which structure in the figure corresponds to a single skeletal muscle cell?

C

Which of the following is responsible for preventing a muscle from contracting?

Calcium ions are removed from the sarcoplasm by active transport.

A muscle fiber represents which organizational level of anatomy?

Cellular Level

Myofilaments represent which organizational level of anatomy?

Chemical Level

Which of the following is NOT a role of ATP in muscle contraction?

Exposing myosin binding sites on actin

As previously mentioned, this toxin can cause a fatal disease known as botulism. If the toxin becomes systemic, it can block the release of ACh from nerves in other locations. Why do you think botulism can be fatal?

If it affected the phrenic nerve, the diaphragm muscle would be paralyzed.

Which term best identifies as a muscle cell?

Muscle fiber

Some nerve agents have been used as bioweapons. Unfortunately, Sarin gas has been used as a bioweapon several times in other countries. Sarin is an acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor and even exposure to low levels can be fatal. Based on your knowledge of muscle physiology, why do you think Sarin has these effects?

Muscles will contract and be unable to relax, known as spastic paralysis. This can cause spasms of the diaphragm and bronchi, which lead to asphyxiation.

Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors have therapeutic value in the treatment of some medical conditions and diseases. Which of the following do you think would be a clinical application of these drugs?

Myasthenia gravis, a disease in which the ACh receptors are damaged and the muscle becomes progressively weaker.

Which of the following statements is true?

Skeletal muscle cells are long and cylindrical with many nuclei.

Which is the best description for why skeletal muscle stores glycogen?

Skeletal muscle is a heavy consumer of energy

Botulinum toxin is a very powerful toxin produced by the bacteria Clostridium botulinum. It is the cause of the sometimes fatal disease, known as botulism. This toxin prevents the release of ACh from the motor neuron. What effect will it have on muscle function?

The muscle will be unable to contract, known as paralysis.

Cardiac muscle has a limited regenerative capacity

True

One of the functions of skeletal muscle contraction is production of heat.

True

Which description is most appropriate for a myofibril?

a single long, thin organelle containing many proteins

dys-

abnormal, diseased

__________________ is a missing protein in Duschenne 19s muscular dystrophy.

dystrophin

Which of the following surrounds an individual muscle cell?

endomysium

Which membrane surrounds the others?

epimysium

iso-

equal or same

sarco-

flesh

During an exercise where muscles do not shorten, _____________ contractions have occurred.

isometric

myo-

muscle

The two proteins directly involved in muscle contraction are broadly called__________

myofilaments

Approximately 80% of a muscle fiber's volume are the myofibrils. This characteristic reflects muscles ability to ________.

produce movement through contractile force

The cell membrane of a muscle fiber is the_______________

sarcolemma

Which of the following is NOT a normal function of muscle tissue?

secreting hormones

Which type of muscle tissue is the only one that can respond to voluntary nervous stimulation in most people?

skeletal

Which of the following are correctly paired?

skeletal muscle, voluntary control

Oxygen starved tissues can release chemical signals into the blood that can change the diameter of nearby blood vessels delivering oxygen and nutrients to the tissues. In doing so the blood vessels will respond through vasodilation (widening of the vessel). Which muscle type is responsible for this vasodilation?

smooth muscle

The connective tissue that covers structure A is continuous with which of the following?

tendon

What is the most distinguishing characteristic of muscle tissue?

the ability to transform chemical energy into mechanical energy to move the body

_____________ has an affinity for myosin binding sites in the absence of calcium.

tropomyosin

tropo-

turning, change or affinity for