muscles exam
the biceps brachii has ___ origins
2
which molecule directly supplies energy to myosin to allow the filaments to contract
ATP
Compared to skeletal muscle, smooth muscle contract ___________ and relaxes_________
Contracts more slowly and relaxes more slowly
The ____ zone contains only myosin and is in the center of a
H
Which of the following is not a type of muscle tissue? a-somatic b-skeletal c-visceral d-cardiac
a - somatic
Rigor mortis that occurs in skeletal muscles a few hours after death is due to
a decrease in abailability of ATP and increased permeability to calcium
About ___% of ATP energy becomes liberated as heat from muscle metabolism
a little more than 50%
A motor unit is defined as
a motor neuron and the muscle fibers connected to it
a motor unit is made up of ____________ and the _________
a motor neuron and the muscle fibers it innervates
The chemical that crosses a neuromuscular gap is
a neurotransmitter
Which of the following may contain self exciting fibers? a- cardiac muscle contraction b- skeletal muscle contraction c- smooth muscle contraction d- all of the above
a- cardiac muscle
The I bands in a sarcomere are made of
actin
myofibrils are composed primarily of
actin and myosin
A sheet of connective tissue, such as on the abdomen, is called a
aponeurosis
The degeneration of muscle fibers caused by a lack of proper stimulation and usage is called ___-
atrophy
The following cause dorsiflexion of the foot except which one? a- extensor digitorum longus b-soleus c- tibialis anterior d-peroneus tertius
b - soleus
Which of the following is NOT a location of Smooth muscle? a- the urinary bladder wall b- the biceps brachii c - arrector pilli muscle of the skin d- the contractile parts of the digestive system e- all are sites of smooth muscle
b - the biceps brachii
Which term is the smallest subdivision in this group? a-fiber b-fibril c-filament d-actin
b-fibril
the major muscle lining the cheek is the
buccinator
The following belong together except which one? a - flexor carpi radialis b- palmaris longus c- flexor digitorum profundus d - extensor carpi ulnaris
c - flexor digitorum profundus
Which main factor allows muscle to sustain contraction even during times when the blood supply is low? a- the presence of hemoglobin b- glycogen storage c- myoglobin d- citric acid cycle
c - myoglobin
Which of the following does not belong with the others a-myofilament b-myosin c-myofibril d-actin
c- myofibril
when a muscle is at rest, which of the following is not associated chemically with the others a-actin b-myosin c-troponin d-tropomyosin
c-troponin
These are branced, uni-nucleated, involuntary muscles
cardiac
A sustained contraction that lacks even partial relaxation is called
complete tetanus
A tendon is characterized by being ______, whereas an aponeurosis is charachterized by being __________.
cordlike and connects muscles to bones; a broad, fibrous sheet of connective tissue that connects muscles to muscles
What is the most abundant storage form of energy within a muscle fiber
creatine phosphate
Atrophy, or decrease in size and strength of muscle involves a a- reduction in capillary networs b-decrease in the number of mitochondria within the muscle fibers c-decrease in the size of actin and myosin filaments d - all of the above
d - all of the above
Which of these does not belong with the others? a- vastus intermedius b- rectus femoris c - vastus medialis d- biceps femoris
d - biceps femoris
the following muscles belong together except which one? a-massiter b-pterygoid c- temporalis d-digastric
d - digastric
Which of the following does not belong with the others a-multinucleated b-skeletal c-striated d-involuntary
d - involuntary
which of the following is NOT a characteristic of smooth muscle a-it is involuntary b-it has a centrally located nucleus c- it has no striations d- it makes up the muscle tissue of the heart
d - it makes up the muscle tissue of the heart
Multiunit smooth muscle a- is composed of sheets of muscle cells b-tends to display rhythmicity c-occurs in the walls of the stomach and intestines d- none of the above
d - none of the above
which of the following does not belong with the others? a- white muscle b - fast contracting c- extensive sarcoplasmic reticulum d- relatively large supply of myoglobin
d - relatively large supply of myoglobin
Which of the following is not used as a factor in naming the muscle? a- the direction of the muscle fibers b- the location of the muscle c- the number of origins of the muscle d- the corresponding nerve or blood vessel in the region of the muscle
d - the corresponding nerve or blood vessel in the region of the muscle
One of the following statements about muscular responses is not true. Choose that one a- muscle fiber contraction in an all or none fashion b- there is a slight latent peior that occurs between when the stimulus arrives at the muscle and when the muscle contracts c - muscles will add motor units to a contraction, increasing the force d - when a person is fully at rest, non of her muscles are contracting
d- when a person is fully at rest, none of her muscles are contracting
The enzyme cholinesterase causes acetyicholine to
decompose
The __________ is a common intramuscular injection site, which flexes the shoulder or extends the arm.
deltoid
Each muscle fiber is directly surrounded by connective tissue called the
epimysium
a group of skeletal muscle fibers is called
fascicle
The muscle cells within a group such as the biceps brachii are individually called
fibers8
spontaneous contraction of random groups of muscles is called ________
fibrillation
Any muscle that decreases the angle at a joint is called a
flexor
the biceps is always a
flexor
How is excess sugar stored within muscle fibers
glycogen
The part of the muscle or tendon that attaches to a relatively moveable wtructure is called the
insertion
The presence of ___ allow cardiac muscle fibers to transmit impulses faster among themselves
intercalated disks
What molecule is produced during exercise, resulting in the oxygen debt
lactic acit (lactate)
In recording of a muscle twitch, the delay between the time a stimulus is applied and the time the muscle responds is called the
latent period
The period of time between the stimulus and contraction is called the
latent period
The ______ muscle acts to elevate the shoulders
levator scapulae
A condition called tempromandibular syndrome (TMJ) can be caused by contraction of the
masseter
neurotransmitters are stores in vesicles within
motor neuron endings
the combination of a neuron and the muscle fibers it associates with is called a
motor unit
Which type of muscle is found in the wall of blood vessles
multi-unit smooth
A disease which results in muscle weakness because of abnormal neuromuscular junction activity is ________-
myasthenia gravis
The main force of contraction occurs when actin forms a chemical complex with
myosin
The most abundant of the muscle proteins is
myosin
the crossbridges involved in muscle contraction are located on the
myosin myofilaments
The point at which the motor neuron innervates a muscle cell is the
neuro-muscular junction
The segment of a myofibril that is called a sarcomere runs from
one Z line to the next Z line
which muscle enables you to pucker your lips for a kiss?
orbicularis oris
which of the following is unique in that its insertion is to fascia ranter than to bone
palmaris longis
Which triangular thoracic muscle causes the arms to move towards the midline
pectoralis major
The _______- will move the shoulders on a forward plane
pectoralis minor
Since smooth muscle fibers have rhythmicity and can stimulate each other, they contract in a pattern called:
peristalsis
the sternocleidomastoid muscle was named because of its
points of attachment
The muscle is called the ______ when it is causing the movement that is being described
prime mover
Atheletes usually experience muscular fatigue less quickly that non-athletes because they
produce less lactic acid
the pronator teres inserts on the _____-
radius
the period of time in which a muscle will not respond to a stimulus is called the
refractory period
adduction of the scapulae in a posterior view is mainly accomplised by the
rhomboideus
The muscle that enables you to elevate and adduct your scapula is the
rhomboideus major
The discoloration and swelling that may accompany a muscle sprain is due to
ruptured blood vessels
The fiber cell membrane is termed the
sarcolemma
The smallest, functional unit of contraction is the
sarcomere
The cisternae are enlarged portions of the
sarcoplasmic reticulum
the _____ muscle causes one to rotate the thigh laterally as in crossing the leg (like men cross their legs)
sartorius
The biceps femoris is one hamstring muscle located on the back of the thigh. Which muscle is the other hamstring?
semitendinosus
This type of muscle is voluntary and multinucleate
skeletal
Muscle tissue refers to all contractile tissue. to what does the term muscular system most often refer
skeletal muscle system
What type of muscle is found in the stomach or blood vessels
smooth
This type of muscle decreases the size of an opening
sphincter
What is a commonly shared characteristic of cardiac and skeletal muscle
striations
The application of multiple stimuli of increasing frequency to a muscle is defined as the process called
summation
contraction called _____ occur whenever the forces applied to a muscle are increased, but the muscle does not appear to be moving
summation contractions
Into what does the neuron release its neurotransmitter at the neuromuscular junction
synaptic cleft
The gap between the muscle and nerve is the
synaptic cleft
muscles that assist the agonist are called
synergistic
the structure that connects muscles to bones is the
tendon
The ____ muscle attaches to a long band of tendon which runds down the lateral aspect of the leg
tensor fascia latae
The complete contraction of a muscle, without the ability to relax is called
tetanic contraction
The constant contraction of a percentage of fibers within a muscle is referred to as
tetany
Oxygen debt in muscles may develop because of
the inability of respiratory and circulartory sytems to supply enough oxygen to skeletal muscles when used strenuously for a minute or two
the maintenance of body temperature is related to the action of skeletal muscles because
the more active they are, the more heat is released
The minimum stimulus needed to cause a contraction is called the
threshold
The triangular shaped muscle on the back that rotates the shoulder is the
trapezius
This type of muscle contraction is the type that athletes utilize whene warming up for a sports event
treppe
what type of contraction is characterized by a rapid, jerky response to a single stimulus
twitch
Striated, multinucleated muscle is also termed
voluntary muscle
The all or none response means that
when a muscle fiber contracts it contracts completely
what type of muscle is associated with quick contractions
white
In smooth muscle, calcium ions combine with ____ to allow the actin and myosin cross-bridges to form
calmodulin