muscles exam

the biceps brachii has ___ origins

2

which molecule directly supplies energy to myosin to allow the filaments to contract

ATP

Compared to skeletal muscle, smooth muscle contract ___________ and relaxes_________

Contracts more slowly and relaxes more slowly

The ____ zone contains only myosin and is in the center of a

H

Which of the following is not a type of muscle tissue? a-somatic b-skeletal c-visceral d-cardiac

a - somatic

Rigor mortis that occurs in skeletal muscles a few hours after death is due to

a decrease in abailability of ATP and increased permeability to calcium

About ___% of ATP energy becomes liberated as heat from muscle metabolism

a little more than 50%

A motor unit is defined as

a motor neuron and the muscle fibers connected to it

a motor unit is made up of ____________ and the _________

a motor neuron and the muscle fibers it innervates

The chemical that crosses a neuromuscular gap is

a neurotransmitter

Which of the following may contain self exciting fibers? a- cardiac muscle contraction b- skeletal muscle contraction c- smooth muscle contraction d- all of the above

a- cardiac muscle

The I bands in a sarcomere are made of

actin

myofibrils are composed primarily of

actin and myosin

A sheet of connective tissue, such as on the abdomen, is called a

aponeurosis

The degeneration of muscle fibers caused by a lack of proper stimulation and usage is called ___-

atrophy

The following cause dorsiflexion of the foot except which one? a- extensor digitorum longus b-soleus c- tibialis anterior d-peroneus tertius

b - soleus

Which of the following is NOT a location of Smooth muscle? a- the urinary bladder wall b- the biceps brachii c - arrector pilli muscle of the skin d- the contractile parts of the digestive system e- all are sites of smooth muscle

b - the biceps brachii

Which term is the smallest subdivision in this group? a-fiber b-fibril c-filament d-actin

b-fibril

the major muscle lining the cheek is the

buccinator

The following belong together except which one? a - flexor carpi radialis b- palmaris longus c- flexor digitorum profundus d - extensor carpi ulnaris

c - flexor digitorum profundus

Which main factor allows muscle to sustain contraction even during times when the blood supply is low? a- the presence of hemoglobin b- glycogen storage c- myoglobin d- citric acid cycle

c - myoglobin

Which of the following does not belong with the others a-myofilament b-myosin c-myofibril d-actin

c- myofibril

when a muscle is at rest, which of the following is not associated chemically with the others a-actin b-myosin c-troponin d-tropomyosin

c-troponin

These are branced, uni-nucleated, involuntary muscles

cardiac

A sustained contraction that lacks even partial relaxation is called

complete tetanus

A tendon is characterized by being ______, whereas an aponeurosis is charachterized by being __________.

cordlike and connects muscles to bones; a broad, fibrous sheet of connective tissue that connects muscles to muscles

What is the most abundant storage form of energy within a muscle fiber

creatine phosphate

Atrophy, or decrease in size and strength of muscle involves a a- reduction in capillary networs b-decrease in the number of mitochondria within the muscle fibers c-decrease in the size of actin and myosin filaments d - all of the above

d - all of the above

Which of these does not belong with the others? a- vastus intermedius b- rectus femoris c - vastus medialis d- biceps femoris

d - biceps femoris

the following muscles belong together except which one? a-massiter b-pterygoid c- temporalis d-digastric

d - digastric

Which of the following does not belong with the others a-multinucleated b-skeletal c-striated d-involuntary

d - involuntary

which of the following is NOT a characteristic of smooth muscle a-it is involuntary b-it has a centrally located nucleus c- it has no striations d- it makes up the muscle tissue of the heart

d - it makes up the muscle tissue of the heart

Multiunit smooth muscle a- is composed of sheets of muscle cells b-tends to display rhythmicity c-occurs in the walls of the stomach and intestines d- none of the above

d - none of the above

which of the following does not belong with the others? a- white muscle b - fast contracting c- extensive sarcoplasmic reticulum d- relatively large supply of myoglobin

d - relatively large supply of myoglobin

Which of the following is not used as a factor in naming the muscle? a- the direction of the muscle fibers b- the location of the muscle c- the number of origins of the muscle d- the corresponding nerve or blood vessel in the region of the muscle

d - the corresponding nerve or blood vessel in the region of the muscle

One of the following statements about muscular responses is not true. Choose that one a- muscle fiber contraction in an all or none fashion b- there is a slight latent peior that occurs between when the stimulus arrives at the muscle and when the muscle contracts c - muscles will add motor units to a contraction, increasing the force d - when a person is fully at rest, non of her muscles are contracting

d- when a person is fully at rest, none of her muscles are contracting

The enzyme cholinesterase causes acetyicholine to

decompose

The __________ is a common intramuscular injection site, which flexes the shoulder or extends the arm.

deltoid

Each muscle fiber is directly surrounded by connective tissue called the

epimysium

a group of skeletal muscle fibers is called

fascicle

The muscle cells within a group such as the biceps brachii are individually called

fibers8

spontaneous contraction of random groups of muscles is called ________

fibrillation

Any muscle that decreases the angle at a joint is called a

flexor

the biceps is always a

flexor

How is excess sugar stored within muscle fibers

glycogen

The part of the muscle or tendon that attaches to a relatively moveable wtructure is called the

insertion

The presence of ___ allow cardiac muscle fibers to transmit impulses faster among themselves

intercalated disks

What molecule is produced during exercise, resulting in the oxygen debt

lactic acit (lactate)

In recording of a muscle twitch, the delay between the time a stimulus is applied and the time the muscle responds is called the

latent period

The period of time between the stimulus and contraction is called the

latent period

The ______ muscle acts to elevate the shoulders

levator scapulae

A condition called tempromandibular syndrome (TMJ) can be caused by contraction of the

masseter

neurotransmitters are stores in vesicles within

motor neuron endings

the combination of a neuron and the muscle fibers it associates with is called a

motor unit

Which type of muscle is found in the wall of blood vessles

multi-unit smooth

A disease which results in muscle weakness because of abnormal neuromuscular junction activity is ________-

myasthenia gravis

The main force of contraction occurs when actin forms a chemical complex with

myosin

The most abundant of the muscle proteins is

myosin

the crossbridges involved in muscle contraction are located on the

myosin myofilaments

The point at which the motor neuron innervates a muscle cell is the

neuro-muscular junction

The segment of a myofibril that is called a sarcomere runs from

one Z line to the next Z line

which muscle enables you to pucker your lips for a kiss?

orbicularis oris

which of the following is unique in that its insertion is to fascia ranter than to bone

palmaris longis

Which triangular thoracic muscle causes the arms to move towards the midline

pectoralis major

The _______- will move the shoulders on a forward plane

pectoralis minor

Since smooth muscle fibers have rhythmicity and can stimulate each other, they contract in a pattern called:

peristalsis

the sternocleidomastoid muscle was named because of its

points of attachment

The muscle is called the ______ when it is causing the movement that is being described

prime mover

Atheletes usually experience muscular fatigue less quickly that non-athletes because they

produce less lactic acid

the pronator teres inserts on the _____-

radius

the period of time in which a muscle will not respond to a stimulus is called the

refractory period

adduction of the scapulae in a posterior view is mainly accomplised by the

rhomboideus

The muscle that enables you to elevate and adduct your scapula is the

rhomboideus major

The discoloration and swelling that may accompany a muscle sprain is due to

ruptured blood vessels

The fiber cell membrane is termed the

sarcolemma

The smallest, functional unit of contraction is the

sarcomere

The cisternae are enlarged portions of the

sarcoplasmic reticulum

the _____ muscle causes one to rotate the thigh laterally as in crossing the leg (like men cross their legs)

sartorius

The biceps femoris is one hamstring muscle located on the back of the thigh. Which muscle is the other hamstring?

semitendinosus

This type of muscle is voluntary and multinucleate

skeletal

Muscle tissue refers to all contractile tissue. to what does the term muscular system most often refer

skeletal muscle system

What type of muscle is found in the stomach or blood vessels

smooth

This type of muscle decreases the size of an opening

sphincter

What is a commonly shared characteristic of cardiac and skeletal muscle

striations

The application of multiple stimuli of increasing frequency to a muscle is defined as the process called

summation

contraction called _____ occur whenever the forces applied to a muscle are increased, but the muscle does not appear to be moving

summation contractions

Into what does the neuron release its neurotransmitter at the neuromuscular junction

synaptic cleft

The gap between the muscle and nerve is the

synaptic cleft

muscles that assist the agonist are called

synergistic

the structure that connects muscles to bones is the

tendon

The ____ muscle attaches to a long band of tendon which runds down the lateral aspect of the leg

tensor fascia latae

The complete contraction of a muscle, without the ability to relax is called

tetanic contraction

The constant contraction of a percentage of fibers within a muscle is referred to as

tetany

Oxygen debt in muscles may develop because of

the inability of respiratory and circulartory sytems to supply enough oxygen to skeletal muscles when used strenuously for a minute or two

the maintenance of body temperature is related to the action of skeletal muscles because

the more active they are, the more heat is released

The minimum stimulus needed to cause a contraction is called the

threshold

The triangular shaped muscle on the back that rotates the shoulder is the

trapezius

This type of muscle contraction is the type that athletes utilize whene warming up for a sports event

treppe

what type of contraction is characterized by a rapid, jerky response to a single stimulus

twitch

Striated, multinucleated muscle is also termed

voluntary muscle

The all or none response means that

when a muscle fiber contracts it contracts completely

what type of muscle is associated with quick contractions

white

In smooth muscle, calcium ions combine with ____ to allow the actin and myosin cross-bridges to form

calmodulin