Muscles neck and trunk

Sagittal Plane

Flexion/extension/hyperextension

Diaphragm

Forms the floor of the abdomen Origin: Form a circle around the inferior portion of the rib cage Xiphoid process, Ribs 7-12, L1-L6 Insertion: NO BONEY ATTACHMENT (only muscle like this) Innervation: Phrenic Nerve-C4 Actions: Inspiration when contracts Expiration when relaxes

Cervical Flexion

Head and neck flex forward creating movement in cervical vertebra

Cervical Extension

Head tilts back creating movement in the cervical vertebra

Capital Extension

Head tilts back on its axis without engaging cervical spine

Capital Flexion

Head tilts down (chin tips down) on it's axis without engaging lower cervical vertebra

Trunk Lateral Flexion

Occurs when the trunk bends to one side or the other Caused when trunk flexors and trunk extensors work unilaterally Prime Lateral Flexor: Quadratus Lumborum

Transverse Abdominis

Origin: Outer 1/3 of inguinal ligament Iliac crest of pelvis Inner surface of lower 6 ribs Lumbar fascia Insertion: Abdominal aponeurosis and Linea alba Innervations: T7-T12 Intercostal nerves Actions: Compression of abdomen Forced expiration by pulling abdominal wall inward

Internal Oblique

Origin: Upper ½ of inguinal ligament Anterior 2/3 of crest of ilium Lumbar fascia Insertion: Costal cartilages of 10th, 11th, & 12th ribs Innervation: T8-T12 Intercostal Nerves Actions: Trunk Flexion (bilateral) Lateral Flexion (unilateral) Rotation: To the same side (unilateral)

Transverse Plane

Rotation

Longer muscles more effective at

flexion/extension

Movements are tri-axial

they occur in all three planes

Divided into anterior muscles, posterior muscles and lateral muscles based on function

Anterior muscles: create flexion Posterior muscles: create extension Lateral muscles: create lateral bending Muscles that cross joints: create rotation

Trunk Extension

Caused by large muscles connected to the spinous processes in the spine

Trunk Flexion

Caused by large muscles that connect the hip/pelvis to the rib cage Help keep organs in place by compressing the abdomen Abdominal muscles: Rectus Abdominis External Oblique Internal Oblique Transverse Abdominis

Suboccipital Group

Includes: Obliquus Capitis Superior and Inferior Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor and Major Actions: Cervical Extension Lateral bending Rotation to the same side

Respiration

Inspiration: expansion of the rib cage to bring air into lungs Expiration: contraction of the rib cage to force air from the lungs Muscles/Muscles Groups Intercostals Diaphragm Abdominal muscles*

Intercostals

Internal and External Origin: Ribs 1-11 lower borders Insertion: Ribs 2-12 upper borders Innervation: Spinal Nerves T1-T12 (Intercostal nerves) Actions: Elevate ribs for inspiration Depress ribs for expiration

Frontal Plane

Lateral bending

Neck Extension

Muscles/Muscle Groups Involved: Suboccipital Muscle Group Erector Spinea-will be discussed with trunk rotation Splenius Capitis Splenius Cervicis

External Oblique

Origin: Borders of the lower eight ribs at the side of the chest Insertion: Anterior ½ of crest of ilium Crest of pubis Fascia of Rectus Abdominis muscles at the lower front Innervation: Intercostal muscles T8-T12 Actions: Trunk Flexion Posterior Pelvic Tilt Lateral Flexion (unilaterally) Rotation-to opposite side Elevates pelvis

Quadratus Lumborum

Origin: Iliac Crest of pelvis Insertion: 12th rib, transverse processes of all 5 lumbar vertebrae Innervation: Spinal Nerves-T12 and L1 Actions Lateral bending

Splenius Capitis

Origin: Nuchal Ligament and spinous processes of C7-T3 Insertion: Lateral Occipital bone and mastoid process Innervations: C3-C6 Actions: Capital Extension Lateral bending Rotation to same side

Rectus Abdominis

Origin: Pubis bone Insertion: Cartilage of 5th, 6th, & 7th ribs Xiphoid process Innervation: Intercostal Nerves: T7-T12 Actions: Lumbar Flexion(draws pelvis and sternum toward each other) Lateral Flexion Posterior pelvic tilt

Erector Spinae: Iliocostalis

Origin: Ribs 5-12 Insertion: Sacrum and Illium Innervation: Spinal Nerves T1-T12 Actions: Trunk Extension Lateral Bending

Splenius Cervicis

Origin: T3-T6 Spinous Processes Insertion: Transverse Processes of C1-C3 Innervation: C4-C8 Actions: Cervical extension Lateral bending Rotation to the same side

Erector Spinae: Spinalis

Origin: nuchal ligament and spinous processes Insertion: Spinous processes of the cervical and thoracic vertebrae Innervation: Spinal Nerves T1-T8

Erector Spinae: Longissimus

Origin: transverse processes of the spine from the occiput to the sacrum Insertion: Sacrum Innervation: Spinal Nerves: T1-L1 Actions: Trunk Extension Unilateral-same side lateral bending

Muscles/ Muscle Groups Involved in Combined Neck Flexion

Sternocleidomastoid Scalenes (anterior, medius, and posterior) Prevertebral Muscles -Rectus Capitis muscles (anterior, posterior, and longus) -Longus Colli

Shorter muscles more effective at

rotation