MUSI 2730 EXAM 1
Benjamin Britten's The Young Person's Guide to the Orchestra was written specifically to demonstrate
different timbres in the orchestra.
disjunct
disjointed or disconnected melody with many leaps
The Young Person's Guide to the Orchestra closes with a(n) _______, a polyphonic form popular in the Baroque era (1600-1750).
fugue
Accelerando
gradually getting faster
crescendo
gradually louder
Ritardando
gradually slow down
dimineundo
gradually softer
Which of the following is an example of a chordophone?
harp
When several musicians sing or play the same musical line, each varying some element (like pitch or rhythm), they are creating a ______ texture.
heterophonic
A pianist playing a melody in the right hand while the left sounds chords produces a _____ texture.
homophonic
One person singing "Happy Birthday" with simple chords accompanying the melody produces a(n) _________ texture.
homophonic
A type of homophony in which all voices move together in the same rhythm is called
homorythm
tempo
how fast or slow the music is
meter
how we group and organize beats/repeated patterns of strong and weak beats
A round is based on the principle of _______ where each voice enters in succession with the same melody.
imitation
The best description of a melodic idea that is presented in one voice and then restated in another is
imitation
polymeters
multiple meters used simultaneously; ex: 2 and 3
diatonic
music where all notes are exactly in the same key; baroque and classical music
through composed form
no repetition, all contrast; very different from strophic
A short, repeated musical pattern used as a structural device is known as a(n)
ostinato
A texture in which two or more different melodic lines are combined is called
polyphonic
The texture of a round is
polyphonic
Imitation is a type of
polyphony
Which of the following textures is based on counterpoint?
polyphony
musical texture
refers to how many different layers of sound are heard at once and describes their relationship to each other
The word _________ describes a specific area in the range of an instrument or voice, such as low, middle, or high.
register
The conductor
rehearses the ensemble, interprets the music, beats time in metrical patterns
In musical forms ________ fixes the material in the listener's mind and satisfies the need for the familiar.
repetition
The basic elements of form are
repetition, variation, and contrast
A tempo
return to the original tempo
Row, Row, Row Your Boat is an example of
round
Who is responsible for systematizing bowing strokes for the string section in an orchestra?
the concertmaster
interval
the distance between two notes
range
the distance from the lowest note to the highest note in the melody
In Benjamin Britten's The Young Person's Guide to the Orchestra, the theme is first stated by
the entire orchestra
climaxes
the high point of a melody or phrase
contour
the overall shape of the melody
beat
the regular and recurrent pulsation that divides music into equal units of time
harmony
the simultaneous combination of sounds; multiple dimensions
1/2 step
the smallest interval in most Western music
true or false? Even when a performer improvises, the basic elements of repetition, contrast, and variation can be heard.
true
true or false? Heterophony is common in non-Western music.
true
true or false? In earlier eras, young boys and occasionally men with voices in the soprano or alto range sang female parts in church music and on the stage.
true
true or false? Instrument builders have often sought to emulate the human voice.
true
true or false? Movements in a large-scale musical work can be compared to chapters in a novel.
true
true or false? Music that is made up spontaneously in performance is called improvised.
true
true or false? Ostinato is particularly prevalent in blues, rock, and rap.
true
true or false? Themes are comprised of smaller units known as motives.
true
true or false? A composition must use one texture throughout.
true
duple meter
two beats per measure; one strong, one weak
The makeup of a string quartet is
two violins, a viola, and a cello
Micro or Quarter Tones
used in non-western music
A principle of form that is based on repeated alterations of a given melody (which is still recognizable) is called
variation
Instrument builders have sought to replicate the sound of the voice, including its characteristic throbbing called
vibrato
An individual part or line, even in instrumental music, is often referred to as a(n)
voice
12 equal parts (divisions of the octave)
what we use most of the time in western music
chromatic
when there are notes that aren't naturally found in the same key; romantic and 20th and 21st century music
In the sixteenth century, which musicians became more prominent performers of secular music?
women singers
compound meter
Meter in which each beat is subdivided into three rather than two; one and a two and a three, etc
homophonic texture
One main melody is heard and accompanied by chords or other voices that aren't as important as the melody; most common type
imitation
One voice/instrument states something, then someone else takes up the same thing—it gets passed around
Considering The Young Person's Guide to the Orchestra, which statement is NOT true?
The entire orchestra never plays all together.
musical form
The organization of musical elements in time; determined by repetition, contrast, variation
transposition
The process of taking an entire melody or piece of music and moving it to another key
Which is true of strophic form?
The same melody is repeated with each stanza of text.
consonance
agreement or compatibility in sound
In musical forms ________ stimulates our interest and feeds our desire for change.
contrast
Neumatic
Melodic style with two to four notes set to each syllable
Syncopation
The accent is shifted to a weak beat (we call them off-beats in this case)
4 categories of instruments
aerophones, chordophones, idiophones, membranophones
sharp sign
#
Ternary form
3 parts ABA
Monophonic texture
A single melody without accompaniment; Can be 1 instrument or voice alone OR can be multiple instruments or voices as long as they're singing the same notes (No Harmony)
binary from
AB
Tonality
All notes in a scale related to one central tone
homophony
All voices move at the same time; All voices move in the same rhythm
idiophones
Body of the instrument itself vibrates to create the sound; bell, moroccos
Which is NOT a true statement?
Choral groups are heterogeneous.
metronome
Device musicians use to know how fast or slow to play—so they they can coordinate speeds
downbeat
First beat of the measure, the strongest in any meter.
chromatic scale
Includes all twelve notes of an octave.
Additive Rhythms
Larger meter patterns are built from combinations to equal more beats per measure
Benjamin Britten's The Young Person's Guide to the Orchestra is a work based on a dance tune by which composer?
Purcell
changing meters
Shifting between meters, sometimes frequently, within a single composition or movement.
polyphonic texture
Simultaneous performance of two or more melodic lines, which are relatively equal; often contains imitation
chamber ensemble
Smaller groups of 2-12 instruments with one player for each part
strophic form
Song structure in which the same music is repeated with every stanza (strophe) of the poem; simple
chordophones
Sound is created by vibrating a string which is stretched across two points
Membranophones
Sound produced by a vibrating membrane; snare drums
harmonic scale
The 7th note is raised up and down (most often heard in music)
jazz
Underlying chord progression, and the soloist improvises a melody above
dissonance
Unpleasant or unharmonious sound
rest chords
a chord at rest
scale
a collection of pitches arranged in ascending or descending order from which chords and melodies are built
symphony orchestra
a large classical orchestra, including string, wind, brass, and percussion instruments; must have string
drone
a pitch that is sustained underneath other things which move around it to create different harmonies
Jazz bands usually include
a reed section, a brass section, and a rhythm section.
When a melodic idea is immediately restated at a lower or higher pitch level, this is known as
a sequence
Homophony is best described as
a single melody with accompaniment
melody
a succession of single pitches (notes) that we hear as a recognizable whole
Flutes, whistles, and bagpipes fall into what instrument classification?
aerophones
flat sign
b
Which of the following ensembles relies mainly on winds and percussion?
band
In an orchestra, brass instruments are placed near the back of the group
because they are loud
How many instrumentalists would you expect to find in a chamber group?
between two and twelve
Which form features a statement followed by a departure that ends the piece?
binary
root
bottom note of a chord or scale
How do specialists classify instruments?
by the way they generate their sound
A performance practice based on the concept of a singing leader imitated by a chorus of followers is called
called and response
A work that is comprised of a strictly imitative musical texture is called a
canon
A small vocal ensemble is known as a(n)
choir
An instrument that produces sound from a vibrating string is called a(n)
chordophone
The Indian sitar is considered a(n)
chordophone
chords
combination of 3 or more notes sounded together
simple meter
each beat is further divided into 2; one and two and three and four, etc
syllabic
each syllable gets a note
true or false? A symphony orchestra is an example of a chamber ensemble.
false
true or false? In through-composed songs, music from previous stanzas is repeated.
false
true or false? The category "chordophones" applies only to Western instruments.
false
true or false? Vocal music with instrumental accompaniment is called a cappella.
false
The concertmaster is the
first chair violinist
quadruple meter
four beats per measure; 1 strong, 1 weak, 1 strong-ish, 1 weak
A woodwind quintet is unusual in that
it includes a brass instrument
Melismatic
many notes per syllable
Which of the following factors influence timbre?
material from which the instrument is made, instrument size, instrument shape
Which of the following terms describes instruments made with stretched skins?
membranoophone
If you are singing alone in the shower, you are creating a ______ texture.
monophonic
three main types of texture
monophonic, homophonic, polyphonic
A single-line texture is known as
monophony
_________ describes a melody without any harmonic accompaniment or other melodic lines.
monophony
A fragment of a theme that forms a melodic-rhythmic unit is called a
motive
Independent parts of a large-scale work (a symphony, for example) are called
movements
motives
small fragments of music that can be manipulated
phrases
smaller bits of a melody
conjunct
smooth, connected melody that moves principally by small intervals
Which of the following shows the correct order of vocal ranges from highest to lowest?
soprano, alto, tenor, bass
Which of the following shows the correct order of vocal ranges from highest to lowest for female voices?
soprano, mezzo-soprano, alto
aerophone
sound is created using air; wind instruments and brass instruments
Which describes instruments classified as aerophones?
sound produced by using air
Which describes instruments classified as idiophones?
sound produced from the substance itself
The largest section of the Western orchestra is the _______ section.
string
categories of western musical instruments
strings, woodwinds, brass, percussion, keyboard
4 types of form
strophic, through composed, binary, ternary
In the West, an ensemble of strings coupled with an assortment of woodwinds, brass, and percussion instruments is known as a
symphony orchestra
Which of the following shows the correct order of vocal ranges from highest to lowest for male voices?
tenor, baritone, bass
Which form features a statement of an idea, a contrasting idea, then a repetition of the first idea?
ternary
The interweaving of melody and harmony produces ________ in music.
texture
Varying the pitches, harmony, or rhythm of a theme is known as
thematic development
A _____ can be a building block in the construction of a musical work.
theme
descriptive words for texture
thin, thick, complex, lush, transparent
triple meter
three beats per measure; one strong, two weak
The property of sound that gives instruments and voices their unique tone color is
timbre
Timbre
tone color; the individual type of sound an instrument creates
time signature
top number indicates how many beats per measure there are
Which instrument is NOT an example of a chordophone?
xylophone
