MUSI 2730 EXAM 1

Benjamin Britten's The Young Person's Guide to the Orchestra was written specifically to demonstrate

different timbres in the orchestra.

disjunct

disjointed or disconnected melody with many leaps

The Young Person's Guide to the Orchestra closes with a(n) _______, a polyphonic form popular in the Baroque era (1600-1750).

fugue

Accelerando

gradually getting faster

crescendo

gradually louder

Ritardando

gradually slow down

dimineundo

gradually softer

Which of the following is an example of a chordophone?

harp

When several musicians sing or play the same musical line, each varying some element (like pitch or rhythm), they are creating a ______ texture.

heterophonic

A pianist playing a melody in the right hand while the left sounds chords produces a _____ texture.

homophonic

One person singing "Happy Birthday" with simple chords accompanying the melody produces a(n) _________ texture.

homophonic

A type of homophony in which all voices move together in the same rhythm is called

homorythm

tempo

how fast or slow the music is

meter

how we group and organize beats/repeated patterns of strong and weak beats

A round is based on the principle of _______ where each voice enters in succession with the same melody.

imitation

The best description of a melodic idea that is presented in one voice and then restated in another is

imitation

polymeters

multiple meters used simultaneously; ex: 2 and 3

diatonic

music where all notes are exactly in the same key; baroque and classical music

through composed form

no repetition, all contrast; very different from strophic

A short, repeated musical pattern used as a structural device is known as a(n)

ostinato

A texture in which two or more different melodic lines are combined is called

polyphonic

The texture of a round is

polyphonic

Imitation is a type of

polyphony

Which of the following textures is based on counterpoint?

polyphony

musical texture

refers to how many different layers of sound are heard at once and describes their relationship to each other

The word _________ describes a specific area in the range of an instrument or voice, such as low, middle, or high.

register

The conductor

rehearses the ensemble, interprets the music, beats time in metrical patterns

In musical forms ________ fixes the material in the listener's mind and satisfies the need for the familiar.

repetition

The basic elements of form are

repetition, variation, and contrast

A tempo

return to the original tempo

Row, Row, Row Your Boat is an example of

round

Who is responsible for systematizing bowing strokes for the string section in an orchestra?

the concertmaster

interval

the distance between two notes

range

the distance from the lowest note to the highest note in the melody

In Benjamin Britten's The Young Person's Guide to the Orchestra, the theme is first stated by

the entire orchestra

climaxes

the high point of a melody or phrase

contour

the overall shape of the melody

beat

the regular and recurrent pulsation that divides music into equal units of time

harmony

the simultaneous combination of sounds; multiple dimensions

1/2 step

the smallest interval in most Western music

true or false? Even when a performer improvises, the basic elements of repetition, contrast, and variation can be heard.

true

true or false? Heterophony is common in non-Western music.

true

true or false? In earlier eras, young boys and occasionally men with voices in the soprano or alto range sang female parts in church music and on the stage.

true

true or false? Instrument builders have often sought to emulate the human voice.

true

true or false? Movements in a large-scale musical work can be compared to chapters in a novel.

true

true or false? Music that is made up spontaneously in performance is called improvised.

true

true or false? Ostinato is particularly prevalent in blues, rock, and rap.

true

true or false? Themes are comprised of smaller units known as motives.

true

true or false? A composition must use one texture throughout.

true

duple meter

two beats per measure; one strong, one weak

The makeup of a string quartet is

two violins, a viola, and a cello

Micro or Quarter Tones

used in non-western music

A principle of form that is based on repeated alterations of a given melody (which is still recognizable) is called

variation

Instrument builders have sought to replicate the sound of the voice, including its characteristic throbbing called

vibrato

An individual part or line, even in instrumental music, is often referred to as a(n)

voice

12 equal parts (divisions of the octave)

what we use most of the time in western music

chromatic

when there are notes that aren't naturally found in the same key; romantic and 20th and 21st century music

In the sixteenth century, which musicians became more prominent performers of secular music?

women singers

compound meter

Meter in which each beat is subdivided into three rather than two; one and a two and a three, etc

homophonic texture

One main melody is heard and accompanied by chords or other voices that aren't as important as the melody; most common type

imitation

One voice/instrument states something, then someone else takes up the same thing—it gets passed around

Considering The Young Person's Guide to the Orchestra, which statement is NOT true?

The entire orchestra never plays all together.

musical form

The organization of musical elements in time; determined by repetition, contrast, variation

transposition

The process of taking an entire melody or piece of music and moving it to another key

Which is true of strophic form?

The same melody is repeated with each stanza of text.

consonance

agreement or compatibility in sound

In musical forms ________ stimulates our interest and feeds our desire for change.

contrast

Neumatic

Melodic style with two to four notes set to each syllable

Syncopation

The accent is shifted to a weak beat (we call them off-beats in this case)

4 categories of instruments

aerophones, chordophones, idiophones, membranophones

sharp sign

#

Ternary form

3 parts ABA

Monophonic texture

A single melody without accompaniment; Can be 1 instrument or voice alone OR can be multiple instruments or voices as long as they're singing the same notes (No Harmony)

binary from

AB

Tonality

All notes in a scale related to one central tone

homophony

All voices move at the same time; All voices move in the same rhythm

idiophones

Body of the instrument itself vibrates to create the sound; bell, moroccos

Which is NOT a true statement?

Choral groups are heterogeneous.

metronome

Device musicians use to know how fast or slow to play—so they they can coordinate speeds

downbeat

First beat of the measure, the strongest in any meter.

chromatic scale

Includes all twelve notes of an octave.

Additive Rhythms

Larger meter patterns are built from combinations to equal more beats per measure

Benjamin Britten's The Young Person's Guide to the Orchestra is a work based on a dance tune by which composer?

Purcell

changing meters

Shifting between meters, sometimes frequently, within a single composition or movement.

polyphonic texture

Simultaneous performance of two or more melodic lines, which are relatively equal; often contains imitation

chamber ensemble

Smaller groups of 2-12 instruments with one player for each part

strophic form

Song structure in which the same music is repeated with every stanza (strophe) of the poem; simple

chordophones

Sound is created by vibrating a string which is stretched across two points

Membranophones

Sound produced by a vibrating membrane; snare drums

harmonic scale

The 7th note is raised up and down (most often heard in music)

jazz

Underlying chord progression, and the soloist improvises a melody above

dissonance

Unpleasant or unharmonious sound

rest chords

a chord at rest

scale

a collection of pitches arranged in ascending or descending order from which chords and melodies are built

symphony orchestra

a large classical orchestra, including string, wind, brass, and percussion instruments; must have string

drone

a pitch that is sustained underneath other things which move around it to create different harmonies

Jazz bands usually include

a reed section, a brass section, and a rhythm section.

When a melodic idea is immediately restated at a lower or higher pitch level, this is known as

a sequence

Homophony is best described as

a single melody with accompaniment

melody

a succession of single pitches (notes) that we hear as a recognizable whole

Flutes, whistles, and bagpipes fall into what instrument classification?

aerophones

flat sign

b

Which of the following ensembles relies mainly on winds and percussion?

band

In an orchestra, brass instruments are placed near the back of the group

because they are loud

How many instrumentalists would you expect to find in a chamber group?

between two and twelve

Which form features a statement followed by a departure that ends the piece?

binary

root

bottom note of a chord or scale

How do specialists classify instruments?

by the way they generate their sound

A performance practice based on the concept of a singing leader imitated by a chorus of followers is called

called and response

A work that is comprised of a strictly imitative musical texture is called a

canon

A small vocal ensemble is known as a(n)

choir

An instrument that produces sound from a vibrating string is called a(n)

chordophone

The Indian sitar is considered a(n)

chordophone

chords

combination of 3 or more notes sounded together

simple meter

each beat is further divided into 2; one and two and three and four, etc

syllabic

each syllable gets a note

true or false? A symphony orchestra is an example of a chamber ensemble.

false

true or false? In through-composed songs, music from previous stanzas is repeated.

false

true or false? The category "chordophones" applies only to Western instruments.

false

true or false? Vocal music with instrumental accompaniment is called a cappella.

false

The concertmaster is the

first chair violinist

quadruple meter

four beats per measure; 1 strong, 1 weak, 1 strong-ish, 1 weak

A woodwind quintet is unusual in that

it includes a brass instrument

Melismatic

many notes per syllable

Which of the following factors influence timbre?

material from which the instrument is made, instrument size, instrument shape

Which of the following terms describes instruments made with stretched skins?

membranoophone

If you are singing alone in the shower, you are creating a ______ texture.

monophonic

three main types of texture

monophonic, homophonic, polyphonic

A single-line texture is known as

monophony

_________ describes a melody without any harmonic accompaniment or other melodic lines.

monophony

A fragment of a theme that forms a melodic-rhythmic unit is called a

motive

Independent parts of a large-scale work (a symphony, for example) are called

movements

motives

small fragments of music that can be manipulated

phrases

smaller bits of a melody

conjunct

smooth, connected melody that moves principally by small intervals

Which of the following shows the correct order of vocal ranges from highest to lowest?

soprano, alto, tenor, bass

Which of the following shows the correct order of vocal ranges from highest to lowest for female voices?

soprano, mezzo-soprano, alto

aerophone

sound is created using air; wind instruments and brass instruments

Which describes instruments classified as aerophones?

sound produced by using air

Which describes instruments classified as idiophones?

sound produced from the substance itself

The largest section of the Western orchestra is the _______ section.

string

categories of western musical instruments

strings, woodwinds, brass, percussion, keyboard

4 types of form

strophic, through composed, binary, ternary

In the West, an ensemble of strings coupled with an assortment of woodwinds, brass, and percussion instruments is known as a

symphony orchestra

Which of the following shows the correct order of vocal ranges from highest to lowest for male voices?

tenor, baritone, bass

Which form features a statement of an idea, a contrasting idea, then a repetition of the first idea?

ternary

The interweaving of melody and harmony produces ________ in music.

texture

Varying the pitches, harmony, or rhythm of a theme is known as

thematic development

A _____ can be a building block in the construction of a musical work.

theme

descriptive words for texture

thin, thick, complex, lush, transparent

triple meter

three beats per measure; one strong, two weak

The property of sound that gives instruments and voices their unique tone color is

timbre

Timbre

tone color; the individual type of sound an instrument creates

time signature

top number indicates how many beats per measure there are

Which instrument is NOT an example of a chordophone?

xylophone