Music 351 Hip Hop

true

"Womanism" refers to the specific experience of women of color

Backspin (backspinning)

A DJ technique used in which the DJ stops the record with his/her hand and reverses its direction to replay that portion of the record. (This technique is credited to grandmaster flash)

Measure

A collection of beats arranged into regular patterns

Synthesizer

A device that creates sounds electronically through the use of voltage- controlled amplifiers and filters

What is the Roland TR808

A drum machine

Crossover

A song that originates in one segment of the music market but achieves success in one or more other segments

Freeze

A still pose within a dance sequence performed by b-boys

Dis Rap (answer rap, response rap, dis rap)

A style of rap music with roots in "ritual dueling" dis rap allowed unknown rappers to "answer"

Cross Fader

A transitional side control on a DJ mixer for fading in one input channel while fading out another

Boasting

African American verbal art generic which performer praises or brags about personal attributes, material possessions, and verbal technical skills

Toasting

African American verbal art genre, praises about an antiauthority, heroic figure, toasts can be an enactment recasting, or exaggeration of an actual event.

Which of the following methods did the city of New York use to discourage graffiti writers?

All the answers

The Dozens

An African American form of verbal dueling, a game of ritualized insults. Also known as capping, cracking, ranking, signifying, snapping

A Jeli is:

An African American story teller

Jeli

An African American story teller tradition

Sample

An excerpt from a musical recording that is used in another artists recordings

Black Panther Party

Came out of the civil rights movement they wanted to bring human rights to the worlds attention. Mid 1960's their word was being spread and heard. Founded by Bobby Seale and Heuy Newton, this party was a revolutionary black nationalist and socialist organization active in the U.S from 1966-1982 They fought for racial independence, empowered the black community, and provided protection with weapons.

Roxannes Revenge

By Roxanne Shante s a song by a teenaged Lolita Shanté Gooden which responded to or "answered" UTFO's song "Roxanne Roxanne," and launched the concept of 'dis rap. Lyrically, Shanté makes clear that women were not to be taken advantage of, and could match any man when it comes to lyrical skills in rap.

Its Just Begun

By The Jimmy Castor Bunch One of the most sampled songs in early hiphop Jimmy Castor was a saxophonist who led the group. They were a funk and disco band. contains many sections with distinct rhythmic patterns and musical breaks

Funky 4 + 1 was

a and b

Multi Track

a way to record a complex musical piece by diving it into simple tracks and combining the tracks during playback

Being known for one's graffiti throughout a whole city is known as

all city

A musical phrase or pattern that repeats is called

all of the above

A regular pulse that lasts throughout the music

beat

______________a secular, predominantly black American folk music of the 20th century.

blues

Planet Rock

by Afrika Bambaataa and Soul Sonic Force Afrika Bambaataa—called "Master of Records" put together a record in 1982 that would go on to show a new direction in hip hop. Influenced by the German group Kraftwerk, "Planet Rock" features electronic instrumental sounds as the backdrop for the party rap of the Soul Sonic Force. Planet Rock" features interpolations of the Kraftwerk songs "Trans Europe Express" and "Numbers." "Planet Rock" is credited as the first song in recorded hip hop to use the Roland TR-808 drum machine. For a brief moment in the song a synthesized version of the theme from the score of the movie For a Few Dollars More by Ennio Moricone can be heard. The use of synthesized sounds in "Planet Rock"—a style Bambaataa called "electro-funk"—influenced contemporaneous hip hop artists Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five and Cold Crush Brothers and future genres such as house and trance

Rapture

by Blondie is an american rock group Often classified as a "New Wave" band Blondie was not considered rap Blondie's music included musical elements from many genres including disco, punk, pop, rap, and reggae. The lyrics name-check both graffiti artist Fab Five Freddy (who also appears in a cameo in the music video) and DJ Grandmaster Flash and refer to graffiti writing and to hip hop block parties The video for the song features Debbie Harry walking through a New York neighborhood as she sings, showing graffiti writers spraying on a wall. While not the first song to include a rap, "Rapture" was the first song to incorporate a rap to original music (rather than rapping over pre-existing music) and the first to reach the number one position on the music charts.

How We Gonna Make The Black Nation Rise

by Brother D with collective effort is the first rap record to be explicitly political The song was released on Clappers Records in 1980 a math teacher, recorded the song to reflect the philosophy of an organization known as National Black Science. Clappers Records founder Lister Hewan-Lowe wanted to make a "revolutionary hip-hop record." The result is "How We Gonna Make the Black Nation Rise?" Along with Collective Effort—a group of MCs — Brother D raps about the many social problems of his community. The rap, over Cheryl Lynn's "Got to Be Real," mentions such figures as Elijah Muhammad, Marcus Garvey, and Martin Luther King Jr. The song encourages those listening not be pacified, but to rise up against economic and racist oppression: "agitate, educate, organize."

Thats The Joint

by Funky 4+1 First female Mc, first to be on national television on SNL The MCs take turns with verses, and also come together rapping over the instrumental breaks.

The Adventure of Grandmaster Flash On The Wheels Of Steel

by Grandmaster Flash and The Furious Five The group formed in the Bronx Grandmaster Flash is credited with the innovation he called "quick mix theory" (backspinning) Flash is also credited with popularizing the "punch-phrase" "The Adventure of Grandmaster Flash on the Wheels of Steel" is a master class of turntable technique. The 'wheels of steel' refer to the turntables themselves, and Flash uses ten different records as the sound sources for the song. a lot of sampling. Has three turn tables turning

A______________instrumental-track version of a popular track, often placed on the flip side of a single, consisting of bass and drum

dub

B-boying is highly choreographed

false

Blondie is known as a hip-hop group

false

Sampling and interpolation are the same thing

false

The theremin is an early recording device

false

Which of the following is not part of the four elements of hiphop

food

According to the Barnett article, graffiti writing is a felony

if the damage exceeded $200.00

Lady B is a radio DJ in

philidelphia

DJ

stands for disc jockey which is one of the four elements of hiphop

A device that creates sounds electronically through the use of voltage-controlled amplifiers and filters is called a:

synthesizer

Robert Moog is known for his work with

synthesizers

The way the melodic, rhythmic, and harmonic materials are combined in a composition is called

texture

According to Layli Phillips, Kerri Reddick-Morgan and Dionne Patricia Stephens, which of the following is NOT a theme in women's rap?

the difficulties of women in the workplace

A sample is an excerpt from a musical recording that is used in another artist's recording

true

A tag is the written nickname of a graffiti writer

true

Melle Mel is the only member of Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five to actual appear on the record "The Message."

true

The Black Spades were a street gang

true

The building of the Cross Bronx Expressway negatively impacted neighborhoods in the Bronx

true

The members of the group Sequence were all women

true

Marking the record with a piece of tape or crayon to mark the return spot is called:

Clock theory

Bomb

Cover as many subway cars with graffiti as possible

Beat Juggling

Creating a new rhythmical composition by using two records and manipulating the arrangements of the elements (drum sound, etc)

Breaking

Dance style developed by African American carribean and latino youth in New York in the early 1970's AKA b-boying or giriling

Lindy Hop

Energetic partner dance that used different styles, drawing from other references. it included a lot of lifting and is related to swing

Meter is the speed of music work

False

Dub

Instrumental track version of a popular song, often placed on the flip side of a single, consisting of base and drum (early reggae)

--- was a radio DJ with a patter style delivery who influenced early hiphop MCS

Jock Henderson

The term merry-go-round is associated with which of the following figures?

Kool Herc

Merry-go-round

Kool Herc's DJ technique of putting breakbeats together using two turntables

____________was a WWII invention which was put to civilian use in recording after the war

Magnetic Tape

Clock Theory

Marking the record with a piece of tape or crayon to mark the return spot

Graffiti

Markings, as initials, slogans, or drawings, written, spray painted, or sketched on and in a public space such as a sidewalk, wall of a building, public restroom

In music the arrangements of rhythms in a repetitive pattern of strong and weak beats is known as

Meter

Race Records

Music industry term used through the 1940's to designate recordings produced by and marketed to African Americans (oaken record, victor records)

Which of the following record companies was NOT an R&B label from the 1960s?

OKeh

Universal Zulu Nation

Originally the Bronx river organization, its leading member was Africa Bambaataa (Kevin Donnovan) believed in self actualization. It arose in the 1970's as reformed New York city gang members began to organize cultural events for youths, combining local dance and music movements. "Don't start trouble, let trouble come to you, then fight like hell.

gospel

Religious music of African Americans that emerged in Urban centers during the early decades of the 20th century

Scratch (scratching)

Rotating and applying pressure to a record back and forth against the needle to create a rhythmic pattern. Created by Grand Wizard Theodore

Tempo

Speed of a musical work, often identified by the number of beats per minute (bpm)

Tin Pan Alley

Street nickname in New York part of the 20th century artist would make money for music started in the 50's where all kinds of music gathered. known as "rag time", it was the center of song writing.

According to the Barnett article, who is widely accepted as the first New York graffiti writer?

Taki 183

The speed of a musical work is known as

Tempo

Womanism

Term coined by the author and activist Alice Walker to visibility to the experience of African American woman and other woman of color who are part of a feminist movement but face other obstacles as a result of race or ethnicity

An African American game of ritualized insults is known as

The Dozens

The movement of African-Americans from the south to the north in the first half of the twentieth century is called:

The Great Migration

Freestyle

The ability to improvise, for example, making up a verse or a series of dance moves on the spot

Meter

The arrangement of rhythms in a repetitive pattern of strong and weak beats

Musique Concrete

The compositional manipulation and arrangement of pre-recorded sounds from everyday life

Footwork (floor rockin)

The intricate leg movements performed on the ground by a b-boy while supported by his arms

Break (breakdown)

The most persuasive or rhythmically complex section of songs

Rhythm

The systematic arrangements of musical sounds and silences, principally according to duration and periodic stress

writing

The term used by graffiti artist to describe the style of aerosol graffati produced

Drop

The transition between top rockin and floor rockin

Texture

The way the melodic, rhythmic and harmonic materials combines in a composition

According to Layli Phillips, Kerri Reddick-Morgan and Dionne Patricia Stephens, what do MC Lyte, Queen Latifah, Lauryn Hill, Erykah Badu, and Missy Elliott have in common?

They were introduced to the music business without the introduction of male rappers

invented the phonograph?

Thomas Edison

Interpolation

Using a melody (or portions of a melody) from a perviously recorded song, but re-recording that melody instead of sampling it.

Black Power Movement

Were movements like the black panther party . They wanted to spread awareness and the word of black people struggles. A movement among black americans emphasizing racial pride and social equality through the creation of their political and cultural institutions. Fight for racial independence and empowering the black community.

Punch Phrase

a DJ technique in which the DJ rhythmically inserts or "punches" very short segments of sound over another record playing on the other turntable

Funky Drummer

Improvisational piece with an extended vamp by James Brown and Clyde Stubblefield as the drummer. Released as a two part singe in early 1970. Most frequently sampled rhythmic breaks in hiphop

true

In music, rhythm is the systematic arrangement of musical sounds and silences, principally according to duration and periodic stress.

Blues

A secular, predominately black american folk music of the 20th century, which has a history and evolution separate but sometimes related that of Jazz

Great Migration

1916-1930 blacks moving from the south to the north during WW1. almost 3.5 million southern blacks migrated due to social and economic features (physical danger, inequality in education, suffrage and laws). It was the first time there was a demand for black workers since the emancipation.

Fill

A short musical passage, riff or rhythmic sound which helps to sustain the listeners attention during a break between the phrases of a melody (MC technique)

Disco

A genre of dance music popular in the 1970's the name is derived from "discotheque" the main venue for the consumption of the music

Funk

A genre of music that became popular in the 1970's the music blends soul, jazz, and r&b elements featuring strong rhythmic structures and deemphasizing melody and harmony

Tag (tagging)

A graffiti signature, the written or painted nickname of the graffiti writer

Ostinato

A musical phrase or pattern that repeats (riff,hook,vamp)

Jazz

A musical tradition that developed early in 20th century in African American communities

Cover

A new performance of recordings of a previously recorded commercially released or unreleased song by someone other than the original artist

Call & Response

A performance practice in which a singer or instrumentalist makes a musical statement which is answered by another soloist, instrumentalist or group

Syncopation

A placement of rhythmic stresses or accents where they wouldn't normally occur

Throw Up

A quickly drawn piece with one or tow colors and bubble lettering

Beat

A regular pulse which lasts throughout a piece of music

Loop

A repeating section of sound material

Top Rock (top rockin)

B-boying technique that is performed standing upright

Zulu Nation Throwdown

By Afrika Bambaataa Multiple Mc's Afrika Bambaataa use to be a gang member and used that to try and change the violence and make a community. Emphasized that they weren't a gang and were an organization. Afrika Bambaataa (born Kevin Donovan) was inspired to change his name to Afrika Bambaataa after seeing a movie about the Zulu chief who fought against the British in the nineteenth century. As a member of the Black Spades gang, Bambaataa was known for his communication and diplomacy skills His association with Black Power movements and gangs inspired him to frame an ideology of community outreach and self-actualization through a performing group. This group—the Bronx River Association—was made up of former Black Spades. The motto of the group was "This is an organization. We are not a gang. We are a family. Do not start trouble. Let trouble come to you, then fight like hell in 1974, the Bronx River Association was renamed the Universal Zulu Nation. Bambaataa started DJ-ing in 1970 Bambaataa is often credited with popularizing the term hip hop to describe this South Bronx music and culture. The MC's introducing themselves and encouraging the crowd to participation and unity.

King Time III (Personality Jock)

By FatBack Band The guy on the actual song is a DJ that they invited to get on the song. Combining the "fatback jazz" beat of new orleans with west indie and carribean beats They adapted a disco sound and incorporated the style of rapping MC.

The Revolution Will not be televised

By Girl Scott Heron Gil Scott-Heron was an American poet, musician, and author was first recorded in 1970 as a spoken word performance of the lyrics accompanied by congas and bongo drums the song's title refers to a slogan that was popular with Black Power movements in the United States during the 1960s. The lyrics of the song refer to popular culture in the United States during the early 1970s—including television programs, advertising slogans, and musical groups The song is a commentary of the socio-political atmosphere in the United States in the post-Civil Rights decade of the 1960s. Scott-Heron is often referred to as 'proto-hip hop' performer for the style of his vocal delivery and the content of his lyrics.

Funky Drummer

By James Brown Released as a two part single This song is primarily an instrumental with ad- lipped vocals declarations The instrumentation includes, organ, tenor and baritone, saxophone, trumpet, trombone, guitar, bass and drums Drummer Clyde Stubblefield's drum break has become one of the most frequently sampled rhythmic breaks in hip hop.

Poor Georgie

By Mc Lyte as raised in Brooklyn, New York and started rapping at the age of twelve. MC Lyte was one of the most successful women hip hop artists: she was the first rap artist ever to perform at New York's historic Carnegie Hall, the first female rapper to receive a gold single, and was the first female solo rapper nominated for a Grammy award The lyrics express the narrator's feelings towards Georgie, refer to the nursery rhyme "Georgie Porgie,"

Last Poets

Formed on May 9, 1969, politically charged poetry, who used "the spoken word" AKA "photo hiphop" Song- the madness

Black Spades

Gang based on reputation, respect and retaliation. originally the savage 7 and had Africa Bambaataa as a member. Dsavage7- was a gang between the ages of 12 and 18 and later became the black spades.

Soul

Gospel influenced African American popular music style that began to emerge in the late 1950's and became popular during the 1960's

________________is considered the inventor of scratching

Grand Wizard Theodore

The Message

by Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five After releasing material on Enjoy Records, the group left the label and began recording for Sugarhill Records percussionist Ed "Duke Bootee" Fletcher wrote the song "The Message;" Sylvia Robinson—owner of Sugarhill Records—loved it and wanted the song for Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five to record for their next single. the group, with the exception of Melle Mel, did not want to record the song. Grandmaster Flash said, "We were into DJing, talking about women, the party thing. Sylvia had this feeling that America was ready to hear social commentary lyrics..." In the end, even though the song is credited to the group, Melle Mel is the only member who is actually on the record. The music heard in the song was newly composed for the record and the lyrics paint a grim picture of urban life. The record closes with a spoken word scene very similar to one that can be heard in Stevie Wonder's 1973 song "Living for the City."

Rock It

by Herbie Hancock Herbie Hancock is an American jazz pianist, keyboardist, and composer. Although Hancock is known primarily as a jazz musician, he has recorded albums in many different genres 1970s and early 1980s, Hancock recorded albums that fused jazz with disco and pop music which became a mainstream hit in 1983. The video for the song (MTV was still in its infancy in 1983) was considered highly innovative for its time, winning five MTV Music Video Awards. long with Michael Jackson and Prince, Hancock was one of the first black artists to get significant airplay on MTV The instrumentation includes synthesizers, drum machines, a vocoder (an early version of today's autotune), and of course, a turntable.

The Breaks

by Kurtis Blow Kurtis Blow is often referred to as one of the first solo rap artist of note, making a career out of the art of rap and having rap's first gold record: "The Breaks." Blow—a New York native—was managed by Russell Simmons and was the first rapper to sign with a major record label "The Breaks" features the word 'break' (and its homophones) other eighty times during the song The hook—the repeating of the word 'break'—never lets the listener forget the name of the song. Musically, there are seven 'breakdowns' of different lengths and sections of call-and-response. Unlike many rap songs of this time period, "The Breaks" features original musical accompaniment, not a sample or an interpolation of previously recorded music.

To the beat y'all

by Lady B Radio Dj from Philadelphia. began her career as a Dj in philadelphia and continues to be a Dj there She is credited with playing planet rock on her radio all the time and helped it get popular. she was one of the first female MCs to release a record. In addition to her work as an artist Lady B is known for introducing listening audiences to new hip hop music through her radio show Street Beat. include set stories, "Jack and Jill went up a hill," "Superman and me had a fight," and boasting. To the beat y'all became a gold record

Rappers Delight

by Sugar Hill Gang and it was the first rap record reach a wide audience and to make an impact on the listening public. The Sugarhill Gang is "Big Bank Hank" Jackson, Mike Wright, and "Master Gee" O'Brien. Before recording the song, the group didn't actually exist. sylvia Robinson— the owner of Sugar Hill Records—was looking for rappers to record a record and her son heard a rapper in a pizza place. "Big Hank" Jackson, who helped manage a group called Cold Crush Brothers, was working at the pizzeria. After hearing Jackson and two other performers (Wright and O'Brien) rap together, Robinson signed them. was recorded in one take, using live musicians here is some controversy over whether or not the verses that appear in "Rapper's Delight" were written by the Sugarhill Gang or someone else threatened legal action for the use of "Good Times," their names were added as co-writers of the song.

The New Rap Language

by Treacherous Three Spoon G went solo when the new rap language came out spoon G had already but still continued to collaborate with his former group members. Speed rap is included in this track.and contains lyrics with more syllables per line than most other rap songs of its time. When listening to the song, it is obvious that this rap delivery is virtuosic, but also many of the words and therefore the ideas in the song go by too quickly and perhaps lose intelligibility. Each of the MCs take extended passages of the song and come together to get the crowd going. Musically, the song is sparse: percussion, guitar, and bass performing rhythmic accompaniment under the rap, then coming to the forefront during the breaks.