nutrition 3

When Benson had his blood pressure tested, it was normal. Based on this information, what was his blood pressure?

118/69

Which of the following vitamins acts as a hormone in the human body?

D

Cameron was born with a condition that requires him to limit eating foods that contain phenylalanine. Based on this information, Cameron has

PKU

Jacob is a healthy, active 14-year-old boy. Recently, he began to experience a growth spurt. Based on this information, his body is in ________ nitrogen balance.

activated

Which of the following statements about calcium is false?

after bones are formed in early life, the body has no need for calcium

Which of the following compounds is a hormone that helps the body maintain fluid balance?

aldosterone

Carmen is an active child who is allergic to peanuts. While attending a classroom party, Carmen accidentally was exposed to trail mix that contained peanuts, and she rapidly developed ________ as a result.

anaphylaxis

An ________ is a substance that protects vulnerable molecules from free radicals.

antioxidant

Proteins

are comprised of amino acids

Vitamin ________ protects polyunsaturated fatty acids from being damaged by free radicals.

b-12

Which of the following vitamins have antioxidant activity?

b-6

Which of the following statements is true? A) Scientists think all vitamins have been discovered. B) Biotin is a vitamin-like substance for humans. C) The first vitamin was discovered in 1960. D) Vitamins are classified as being soluble in either alcohol or fat.

biotin is a vitamin like substance for humans

Which of the following statements is true? A) Vitamins are classified as being soluble in either alcohol or fat. B) People can survive for years by consuming formulas that contain all known vitamins. C) Biotin is a vitamin-like substance for humans. D) Scientists are conducting research on plants to discover more vitamins that are essential for human beings.

biotin is a vitamin like substance for humans

Which of the following cooking methods can result in major losses of water-soluble vitamins?

boiling in a saucepan of water

Which of the following statements about bottled water in the United States is true?

bottled water must be in sealed containers and have no added ingrediants

Adding a small amount of ________ to cooked vegetables can enhance the intestinal tract's ability to absorb the fat-soluble vitamins they contain.

butter

Which of the following substances is a mild diuretic?

caffeine

Which of the following minerals is necessary for proper muscle contraction?

calcium

A ________ remains when the nitrogen-containing portion of an amino acid is removed

carbon skeleton

Which of the following foods is not usually responsible for causing allergic responses?

carrots and celery

the body uses proteins to make

certain hormones

A person suffering from celiac disease must avoid

consuming foods that contain gluten

Dehydration can cause

death

________ is the process that changes the normal shape of a protein and, as a result, the molecule loses its usual function.

denaturation

Instructions for making proteins are coded in a cell's

dna

Erika is a college student who has never experienced dental decay. Recently, she slipped and fell down a flight of stairs. Although she had bumps and bruises after the fall, she did not break any bones. Which of the following practices is the most likely reason for Erika's strong bones and decay-resistant teeth?

drinking fluoridated water

Maris has a metabolic condition that upsets her body's hydration status. Her body has difficulty removing excess sodium ions from intracellular fluid. As a result of this condition,

extracellular fluid moves into cells, causing swelling

Pregnant women who have a history of inadequate ________ intakes are at risk of having babies with neural tube defects.

folate

The human body needs vitamin K to

form active blood clotting factors

Gina is pregnant. Although Gina's physician prescribed a prenatal vitamin for her to take daily, Gina thought she could have a very healthy baby by taking extra vitamins, so she took several other dietary supplements, including those that contained vitamin A. As a result, her total intake of vitamin A was over 5000 mcg RAE/day. Based on this information, Gina is at risk of

giving birth to a baby with birth defects

The introduction of iodized salt in the 1920s dramatically reduced rates of ________ in the United States

goiter

The deamination process forms

gylcogen

compared to a triglyceride molecule, a protein molecule

has nitrogen in its chem structure

Which of the following statements is true?

human cells maintain proper hydration by controlling ions in fluid compartments

In the stomach, ________ participate in the chemical digestion of protein.

hydrochloric acid and pepsin

The body constantly loses water through the skin as a result of ________ perspiration.

hydrostatic

Why is taking excess amounts of fat-soluble vitamins more likely to cause toxicity than taking excesses of water-soluble vitamins?

in general, excess of fat soluble vitamins cannot be excreted as easily as water soluble vitamins

Which of the following statements is true? A) Edema is a major sign of protein-energy malnutrition. B) Compared to children in other parts of the world, impoverished children in the United States have the highest risk of protein-energy malnutrition. C) In the United States, teenagers have the greatest risk of protein-energy malnutrition. D) Protein-energy malnutrition affects babies while they are breastfeeding.

in the united states, teenagers have the greatest risk of protein-energy malnutrition

In the United States, ________ deficiency is the most common nutritional deficiency.

iron

________ must be added to grains during the enrichment process.

iron

For the past 4 years, 23-year-old Maggie has been losing a lot of blood during her menstrual periods. Based on this information, which of the following conditions is she most likely to develop?

iron deficiency

Intracellular water

is within cells

________ are fat-soluble vitamins.

k,e,d

The ________ play a major role in regulating the body's fluid balance.

kidneys

Bernice is a vegan. Which of the following foods does she eat?

legumes

The ________ is main site of deamination in the body.

liver

The ________ is the primary site for nonessential amino acid production in humans

liver

Osteoporosis is characterized by

loss of bone mass

In the body, vitamin A helps

maintain epithelial cells

Iodine is necessary for

maintaining normal thyroid function

Routine vitamin C supplementation

may reduce the duration of cold symptoms by a day or so

The typical American eats more protein from ________ than he or she did in the early 1900s.

meats

Constance is making a vegetable soup that contains carrots, beans, water, salt, pepper, bits of ham, and onions. The soup has to cook for 4 hours. While the soup is cooking, what will happen to some of the minerals that are in its ingredients?

minerals will leach out of the food in the cooking water

Rosa is a teenager who has an eating disorder characterized by self-imposed starvation. Based on this information, her body is in ________ nitrogen balance

negative

________ are water-soluble vitamins.

niacin, riboflavin, and thiamin

An early symptom of vitamin A deficiency is

night blindness

Every amino acid has ________ in its chemical structure

nitrogen

B vitamins function as

parts of coenzymes

Which of the following foods is often responsible for causing an allergic response in susceptible persons?

peanuts

Lucy has a disease that affects the functioning of her pancreas. Based on this information, she may have difficulty digesting proteins because of a lack of

pepsin

The chemical attraction between the acid group of one amino acid and the amino group of another amino acid can form a

peptide bond

Marta is a pregnant woman suffering from severe iodine deficiency. As a result of the deficiency, she has a high risk of giving birth to a child with

phenylketonuria

A gene is a

piece of dna that codes for a specific protein

Roberta is 25 years of age, healthy, and pregnant. Based on this information, her body is in ________ nitrogen balance.

positive

In general, fresh fruits and vegetables are good sources of

potassium

Which of the following nutrients helps the body maintain normal fluid balance?

potassium

Which of the following foods are legumes?

potatoes

Which of the following statements is true? A) Protein is the primary energy source for the human body. B) Proteins are a major component of starch molecules. C) Certain proteins transport nutrients and oxygen in the bloodstream. D) All hormones are proteins.

protein is the primary energy source for the human body

________ is a major source of sodium in the typical American's diet.

salty food

Calcitonin

signals osteoblasts to release calcium from blood

Parathyroid hormone

signals osteoblasts to release calcium from bones

Pickled foods, canned soups, soy sauce, and deli (luncheon) meats contain high amounts of

sodium

During digestion, which of the following substances denatures the proteins in food?

stomach acid

Hyperthermia occurs when the body's

temp is too high

Which of the following statements is true about vitamins? A) They are usually in foods that Americans commonly eat. B) Chemically, they are the same as minerals. C) Excesses can be converted to glucose for energy. D) Compared to protein, the body requires vitamins in larger quantities.

they are usually in foods that americans commonly eat

Which of the following statements is true?

transamination

In the human body, water is involved in

transporting substances

The Nutrition Facts panel on a food label

typically includes information about the bioavailability of protein in the product

Kevin is a body builder who takes a variety of vitamin supplements. He often has diarrhea, and last week he was diagnosed with a kidney stone. Based on this information, which of his supplements is most likely contributing to his current health problems?

vitamin c

On sunny days, Juan spends at least 20 minutes exercising outdoors, because he knows sunlight helps his body make

vitamin d

Which of the following statements is false?

women have the highest risk of osteoporosis before menopause