nutrition 3
When Benson had his blood pressure tested, it was normal. Based on this information, what was his blood pressure?
118/69
Which of the following vitamins acts as a hormone in the human body?
D
Cameron was born with a condition that requires him to limit eating foods that contain phenylalanine. Based on this information, Cameron has
PKU
Jacob is a healthy, active 14-year-old boy. Recently, he began to experience a growth spurt. Based on this information, his body is in ________ nitrogen balance.
activated
Which of the following statements about calcium is false?
after bones are formed in early life, the body has no need for calcium
Which of the following compounds is a hormone that helps the body maintain fluid balance?
aldosterone
Carmen is an active child who is allergic to peanuts. While attending a classroom party, Carmen accidentally was exposed to trail mix that contained peanuts, and she rapidly developed ________ as a result.
anaphylaxis
An ________ is a substance that protects vulnerable molecules from free radicals.
antioxidant
Proteins
are comprised of amino acids
Vitamin ________ protects polyunsaturated fatty acids from being damaged by free radicals.
b-12
Which of the following vitamins have antioxidant activity?
b-6
Which of the following statements is true? A) Scientists think all vitamins have been discovered. B) Biotin is a vitamin-like substance for humans. C) The first vitamin was discovered in 1960. D) Vitamins are classified as being soluble in either alcohol or fat.
biotin is a vitamin like substance for humans
Which of the following statements is true? A) Vitamins are classified as being soluble in either alcohol or fat. B) People can survive for years by consuming formulas that contain all known vitamins. C) Biotin is a vitamin-like substance for humans. D) Scientists are conducting research on plants to discover more vitamins that are essential for human beings.
biotin is a vitamin like substance for humans
Which of the following cooking methods can result in major losses of water-soluble vitamins?
boiling in a saucepan of water
Which of the following statements about bottled water in the United States is true?
bottled water must be in sealed containers and have no added ingrediants
Adding a small amount of ________ to cooked vegetables can enhance the intestinal tract's ability to absorb the fat-soluble vitamins they contain.
butter
Which of the following substances is a mild diuretic?
caffeine
Which of the following minerals is necessary for proper muscle contraction?
calcium
A ________ remains when the nitrogen-containing portion of an amino acid is removed
carbon skeleton
Which of the following foods is not usually responsible for causing allergic responses?
carrots and celery
the body uses proteins to make
certain hormones
A person suffering from celiac disease must avoid
consuming foods that contain gluten
Dehydration can cause
death
________ is the process that changes the normal shape of a protein and, as a result, the molecule loses its usual function.
denaturation
Instructions for making proteins are coded in a cell's
dna
Erika is a college student who has never experienced dental decay. Recently, she slipped and fell down a flight of stairs. Although she had bumps and bruises after the fall, she did not break any bones. Which of the following practices is the most likely reason for Erika's strong bones and decay-resistant teeth?
drinking fluoridated water
Maris has a metabolic condition that upsets her body's hydration status. Her body has difficulty removing excess sodium ions from intracellular fluid. As a result of this condition,
extracellular fluid moves into cells, causing swelling
Pregnant women who have a history of inadequate ________ intakes are at risk of having babies with neural tube defects.
folate
The human body needs vitamin K to
form active blood clotting factors
Gina is pregnant. Although Gina's physician prescribed a prenatal vitamin for her to take daily, Gina thought she could have a very healthy baby by taking extra vitamins, so she took several other dietary supplements, including those that contained vitamin A. As a result, her total intake of vitamin A was over 5000 mcg RAE/day. Based on this information, Gina is at risk of
giving birth to a baby with birth defects
The introduction of iodized salt in the 1920s dramatically reduced rates of ________ in the United States
goiter
The deamination process forms
gylcogen
compared to a triglyceride molecule, a protein molecule
has nitrogen in its chem structure
Which of the following statements is true?
human cells maintain proper hydration by controlling ions in fluid compartments
In the stomach, ________ participate in the chemical digestion of protein.
hydrochloric acid and pepsin
The body constantly loses water through the skin as a result of ________ perspiration.
hydrostatic
Why is taking excess amounts of fat-soluble vitamins more likely to cause toxicity than taking excesses of water-soluble vitamins?
in general, excess of fat soluble vitamins cannot be excreted as easily as water soluble vitamins
Which of the following statements is true? A) Edema is a major sign of protein-energy malnutrition. B) Compared to children in other parts of the world, impoverished children in the United States have the highest risk of protein-energy malnutrition. C) In the United States, teenagers have the greatest risk of protein-energy malnutrition. D) Protein-energy malnutrition affects babies while they are breastfeeding.
in the united states, teenagers have the greatest risk of protein-energy malnutrition
In the United States, ________ deficiency is the most common nutritional deficiency.
iron
________ must be added to grains during the enrichment process.
iron
For the past 4 years, 23-year-old Maggie has been losing a lot of blood during her menstrual periods. Based on this information, which of the following conditions is she most likely to develop?
iron deficiency
Intracellular water
is within cells
________ are fat-soluble vitamins.
k,e,d
The ________ play a major role in regulating the body's fluid balance.
kidneys
Bernice is a vegan. Which of the following foods does she eat?
legumes
The ________ is main site of deamination in the body.
liver
The ________ is the primary site for nonessential amino acid production in humans
liver
Osteoporosis is characterized by
loss of bone mass
In the body, vitamin A helps
maintain epithelial cells
Iodine is necessary for
maintaining normal thyroid function
Routine vitamin C supplementation
may reduce the duration of cold symptoms by a day or so
The typical American eats more protein from ________ than he or she did in the early 1900s.
meats
Constance is making a vegetable soup that contains carrots, beans, water, salt, pepper, bits of ham, and onions. The soup has to cook for 4 hours. While the soup is cooking, what will happen to some of the minerals that are in its ingredients?
minerals will leach out of the food in the cooking water
Rosa is a teenager who has an eating disorder characterized by self-imposed starvation. Based on this information, her body is in ________ nitrogen balance
negative
________ are water-soluble vitamins.
niacin, riboflavin, and thiamin
An early symptom of vitamin A deficiency is
night blindness
Every amino acid has ________ in its chemical structure
nitrogen
B vitamins function as
parts of coenzymes
Which of the following foods is often responsible for causing an allergic response in susceptible persons?
peanuts
Lucy has a disease that affects the functioning of her pancreas. Based on this information, she may have difficulty digesting proteins because of a lack of
pepsin
The chemical attraction between the acid group of one amino acid and the amino group of another amino acid can form a
peptide bond
Marta is a pregnant woman suffering from severe iodine deficiency. As a result of the deficiency, she has a high risk of giving birth to a child with
phenylketonuria
A gene is a
piece of dna that codes for a specific protein
Roberta is 25 years of age, healthy, and pregnant. Based on this information, her body is in ________ nitrogen balance.
positive
In general, fresh fruits and vegetables are good sources of
potassium
Which of the following nutrients helps the body maintain normal fluid balance?
potassium
Which of the following foods are legumes?
potatoes
Which of the following statements is true? A) Protein is the primary energy source for the human body. B) Proteins are a major component of starch molecules. C) Certain proteins transport nutrients and oxygen in the bloodstream. D) All hormones are proteins.
protein is the primary energy source for the human body
________ is a major source of sodium in the typical American's diet.
salty food
Calcitonin
signals osteoblasts to release calcium from blood
Parathyroid hormone
signals osteoblasts to release calcium from bones
Pickled foods, canned soups, soy sauce, and deli (luncheon) meats contain high amounts of
sodium
During digestion, which of the following substances denatures the proteins in food?
stomach acid
Hyperthermia occurs when the body's
temp is too high
Which of the following statements is true about vitamins? A) They are usually in foods that Americans commonly eat. B) Chemically, they are the same as minerals. C) Excesses can be converted to glucose for energy. D) Compared to protein, the body requires vitamins in larger quantities.
they are usually in foods that americans commonly eat
Which of the following statements is true?
transamination
In the human body, water is involved in
transporting substances
The Nutrition Facts panel on a food label
typically includes information about the bioavailability of protein in the product
Kevin is a body builder who takes a variety of vitamin supplements. He often has diarrhea, and last week he was diagnosed with a kidney stone. Based on this information, which of his supplements is most likely contributing to his current health problems?
vitamin c
On sunny days, Juan spends at least 20 minutes exercising outdoors, because he knows sunlight helps his body make
vitamin d
Which of the following statements is false?
women have the highest risk of osteoporosis before menopause
