Micro Ch.1

products from microorganisms

Cellulose: used in headphones Hydroxybutyric acid: used in the manufacture of disposable diapers and plastics Ethanol: used as a biofuel Hydrogen gas: used as a possible biofuel Oils: used as a possible biofuel Insect toxins: used in insecticides Antibiotics: used in the treatment of disease Amino acids: used as dietary supplements

Fungi Characteristics

Eukaryotic, Single cell or multicellular members,All members are NOT photosynthetic,Members have a cell wall

Algae Characteristics

Eukaryotic, Single cell or multicellular members,All members are photosynthetic,Members have a cell wall

Protozoa Characteristics

Eukaryotic, members are unicellular, some members are photosynthetic, NO cell walls

disprove spontaneous generation

Louis Pasteur, the French chemist considered by many to be the father of modern microbiology. In 1861,

scientific method, separates science from intuition and beliefs

Making an observation about something and asking a question about that situation Developing an explanation and devising an experiment that tests the explanation. A testable explanation of an observation is called a hypothesis Doing the experiment, collecting the data, and drawing a conclusion. Communicating the methods, results, and conclusions

Eukaryote

Organism composed of one or more eukaryotic cells; members of the domain Eukarya are eukaryotes.

Infectious Agents (non living)

Prions, Viruses, Viroids

Which of the following are eukaryotes?

Protozoa, algae

Prokaryote

Single-celled organism consisting of a prokaryotic cell; members of the domains Bacteria and Archaea are prokaryotes.

Identify which of the following is the correct way of writing a scientific name.

Staphylococcus aureus

Domain

The highest level in biological classification. There are three domains. Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya.

Algae (singular: alga) are a diverse group of

photosynthetic eukaryotes. Some are single-celled, whereas others are multicellular, such as seaweed

Today, the bacteria added to some fermented milk products are advertised as

probiotics (live microorganisms that provide a health benefit), protecting against digestive disruptions.

Algae and protozoa are also referred to as.

protists

Archaea differ from bacteria in several of their

structural and functional components.

In 1749, John Needham, a scientist and Catholic priest, showed

that flasks containing various broths (made by soaking hay, chicken, or other nutrient source in water) gave rise to microorganisms even when the flasks were boiled and sealed with a cork.

biogenesis

the production of living things from other living things (bio means "life"; genesis means "to create").

Biotechnology

the use of microbiological and biochemical techniques to solve practical problems—depends on members of the microbial world.

Parasitic helminths are

worms that live at the expense of a host

If the broth in Pasteur's swan-necked flask experiment had contained endospores, which of the following results might he have obtained?

would seem sterile after boiling but would soon develop bacteria

Bacteria

(singular: bacterium) are single-celled prokaryotes.

Eukaryotes

Algae, Protozoa, Fungi, Heiminths

Virus

An acellular infectious agent consisting of nucleic acid surrounded by a protein coat.

Viroid

An acellular infectious agent consisting only of RNA.

Prion

An acellular infectious agent consisting only of protein.

false

Bacteria that look alike are probably members of the same species.

Prokaryotes (unicellular)

Bacteria, Archaea

Which pair has members that are most similar in appearance?

Bacteria, Archaea

Organisms (living)

Bacteria, Archaea, Eucarya

Eukaryotic Cell

Cell type characterized by a membrane-bound nucleus

Prokaryotic Cell

Cell type characterized by the lack of a membrane-bound nucleus.

who challenged spontaneous generation.

This was challenged by an Italian biologist and physician, Francesco Redi. In 1668,

Protozoa

Which if the following IS a group of living organisms but IS NOT a biological domain?

BiotechnologyAlgae

Which of the following involves genetically modifying bacteria to produce compounds useful to humans?

viroid

You discover an agent that multiplies in plant cells and is composed of RNA but nothing else. This agent would be a

If all prokaryotes were eliminated from the planet

animals would die

Bacteria typically multiply by

binary fission, a process in which one cell enlarges and then divides. This forms two cells, each equivalent to the original

where does protozoa live

both aquatic and terrestrial environments.

In 1776, the animal physiologist and priest, Lazzaro Spallanzani

contradicted Needham's experiments; no bacteria appeared in Spallazani's broths after boiling.

Fungi (singular: fungus) are a

diverse group of eukaryotes, ranging from single- celled yeasts that can reproduce by budding to multicellular filamentous molds

The first name indicates the_________ with the first letter always _________; the second the specific epithet, or _______ name, and is not_____. Both are usually ________________.

genus, capitalized, species, capitalized, italicized or underlined for example, Escherichia coli. The genus name is commonly abbreviated, with the first letter capitalized—as in E. coli

who discovered endospores and what are they

heat resistent forms of some bacteria and Ferdinand Cohn

An emerging infectious disease (EID)

is an infectious disease that has become more common in the last 35 years

to multiply, viruses infect

living cells—referred to as hosts—and then use the machinery and nutrients of those cells to replicate.

pathogens

meaning they can cause disease (a noticeable impairment in body function

bioremediation.

microorganisms are added to pollutants to hasten their decay, a process called

The Golden Age of Microbiology was the time when

most pathogenic bacteria were identified.

The surfaces of the human body are populated with characteristic communities of microorganisms, collectively called

normal microbiota, or normal flora.

Viruses consist of

nucleic acid packaged within a protein coat

Viroids are simpler than viruses, consisting of

only a single, short piece of ribonucleic acid (RNA)