Micro Ch.1
products from microorganisms
Cellulose: used in headphones Hydroxybutyric acid: used in the manufacture of disposable diapers and plastics Ethanol: used as a biofuel Hydrogen gas: used as a possible biofuel Oils: used as a possible biofuel Insect toxins: used in insecticides Antibiotics: used in the treatment of disease Amino acids: used as dietary supplements
Fungi Characteristics
Eukaryotic, Single cell or multicellular members,All members are NOT photosynthetic,Members have a cell wall
Algae Characteristics
Eukaryotic, Single cell or multicellular members,All members are photosynthetic,Members have a cell wall
Protozoa Characteristics
Eukaryotic, members are unicellular, some members are photosynthetic, NO cell walls
disprove spontaneous generation
Louis Pasteur, the French chemist considered by many to be the father of modern microbiology. In 1861,
scientific method, separates science from intuition and beliefs
Making an observation about something and asking a question about that situation Developing an explanation and devising an experiment that tests the explanation. A testable explanation of an observation is called a hypothesis Doing the experiment, collecting the data, and drawing a conclusion. Communicating the methods, results, and conclusions
Eukaryote
Organism composed of one or more eukaryotic cells; members of the domain Eukarya are eukaryotes.
Infectious Agents (non living)
Prions, Viruses, Viroids
Which of the following are eukaryotes?
Protozoa, algae
Prokaryote
Single-celled organism consisting of a prokaryotic cell; members of the domains Bacteria and Archaea are prokaryotes.
Identify which of the following is the correct way of writing a scientific name.
Staphylococcus aureus
Domain
The highest level in biological classification. There are three domains. Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya.
Algae (singular: alga) are a diverse group of
photosynthetic eukaryotes. Some are single-celled, whereas others are multicellular, such as seaweed
Today, the bacteria added to some fermented milk products are advertised as
probiotics (live microorganisms that provide a health benefit), protecting against digestive disruptions.
Algae and protozoa are also referred to as.
protists
Archaea differ from bacteria in several of their
structural and functional components.
In 1749, John Needham, a scientist and Catholic priest, showed
that flasks containing various broths (made by soaking hay, chicken, or other nutrient source in water) gave rise to microorganisms even when the flasks were boiled and sealed with a cork.
biogenesis
the production of living things from other living things (bio means "life"; genesis means "to create").
Biotechnology
the use of microbiological and biochemical techniques to solve practical problems—depends on members of the microbial world.
Parasitic helminths are
worms that live at the expense of a host
If the broth in Pasteur's swan-necked flask experiment had contained endospores, which of the following results might he have obtained?
would seem sterile after boiling but would soon develop bacteria
Bacteria
(singular: bacterium) are single-celled prokaryotes.
Eukaryotes
Algae, Protozoa, Fungi, Heiminths
Virus
An acellular infectious agent consisting of nucleic acid surrounded by a protein coat.
Viroid
An acellular infectious agent consisting only of RNA.
Prion
An acellular infectious agent consisting only of protein.
false
Bacteria that look alike are probably members of the same species.
Prokaryotes (unicellular)
Bacteria, Archaea
Which pair has members that are most similar in appearance?
Bacteria, Archaea
Organisms (living)
Bacteria, Archaea, Eucarya
Eukaryotic Cell
Cell type characterized by a membrane-bound nucleus
Prokaryotic Cell
Cell type characterized by the lack of a membrane-bound nucleus.
who challenged spontaneous generation.
This was challenged by an Italian biologist and physician, Francesco Redi. In 1668,
Protozoa
Which if the following IS a group of living organisms but IS NOT a biological domain?
BiotechnologyAlgae
Which of the following involves genetically modifying bacteria to produce compounds useful to humans?
viroid
You discover an agent that multiplies in plant cells and is composed of RNA but nothing else. This agent would be a
If all prokaryotes were eliminated from the planet
animals would die
Bacteria typically multiply by
binary fission, a process in which one cell enlarges and then divides. This forms two cells, each equivalent to the original
where does protozoa live
both aquatic and terrestrial environments.
In 1776, the animal physiologist and priest, Lazzaro Spallanzani
contradicted Needham's experiments; no bacteria appeared in Spallazani's broths after boiling.
Fungi (singular: fungus) are a
diverse group of eukaryotes, ranging from single- celled yeasts that can reproduce by budding to multicellular filamentous molds
The first name indicates the_________ with the first letter always _________; the second the specific epithet, or _______ name, and is not_____. Both are usually ________________.
genus, capitalized, species, capitalized, italicized or underlined for example, Escherichia coli. The genus name is commonly abbreviated, with the first letter capitalized—as in E. coli
who discovered endospores and what are they
heat resistent forms of some bacteria and Ferdinand Cohn
An emerging infectious disease (EID)
is an infectious disease that has become more common in the last 35 years
to multiply, viruses infect
living cells—referred to as hosts—and then use the machinery and nutrients of those cells to replicate.
pathogens
meaning they can cause disease (a noticeable impairment in body function
bioremediation.
microorganisms are added to pollutants to hasten their decay, a process called
The Golden Age of Microbiology was the time when
most pathogenic bacteria were identified.
The surfaces of the human body are populated with characteristic communities of microorganisms, collectively called
normal microbiota, or normal flora.
Viruses consist of
nucleic acid packaged within a protein coat
Viroids are simpler than viruses, consisting of
only a single, short piece of ribonucleic acid (RNA)