Music

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Michael Marissen argues that this work's use of major mode keys of the soft hexachord was intended to complement L'Estro Armonico. Its composer's Sinfonia in F Major is an early version of its first portion lacking the third movement and the polonaise of the fourth movement. A lengthy solo passage for harpsichord caps the first movement of one piece, and another has two fast movements separated by two slow chords. The third of these works divides the orchestra into three parts, while the second features solo violin, flute, oboe and trumpet. Catalogued as BWV 1046-1051, FTP name this collection of six instrumental pieces by Bach, named for a Margrave.

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Of this work, Keochel number 297, the composer wrote, "I have had to compose a symphony for the opening of the Concert Spirituel. It was performed on Corpus Christi day [1778] with great applause." Because audiences found the original andante movement too long, director Jean Le Gros asked for a new version, and Mozart was happy to adapt his work to suit his French hosts. FTP, identify this symphony in D, number 31, that remained highly popular in the city for which it was nicknamed.

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One character in this work performs a song on a cornet, after which she begins to dance to dance tunes its composer borrowed from Josef Lanner. One character performs a pas a deux with a coconut while lying on his back in this work, while the "Wet Nurses' Dance" is performed before one character is chased by an axe-wielding character. Featuring a namesake chord consisting of the major triads of C and F, it opens at a Shrovetide Fair in St. Petersburg. It sees the death of the title via an axe at the hands of the Moor, who has seduced the title character's lover, the Ballerina; all of this took place after the Old Wizard brought them to life. FTP, name this Igor Stravinsky ballet about a dancing puppet.

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The Presto finale of one piece by this composer consists entirely of triplets played in octaves, except for its last bar. A lone F is the only note belying the nickname of a piece that joins a work inspired by the November Uprising in this composer's Opus 10. He wrote twenty-one works in a genre pioneered by John Field. His works in another genre include one with an Andante Spianato introduction and ones nicknamed "Heroic" and "Military". For 10 points, name this composer of many Polonaises and Nocturnes, the "Funeral March" sonata, the "Black-Key" and "Revolutionary" etudes, and the Minute Waltz.

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This composer of the "Alto Rhapsody" and "Love-Song Waltzes" expressed his artistic credo in the words, "If we can not compose as beautifully as Mozart and Haydn, let us at least try to compose as purely." A meticulous worker, he did not complete the first of his four symphonies until age 43. Composer of "Variations on a Theme of Haydn" and the "Four Serious Songs", he is better-known for the "Tragic" and "Academic Festival" Overtures. FTP, name this composer of "A German Requiem" and a famous "lullaby".

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This composer set a text by Goethe about Druids fighting Christian persecution in his cantata, Die Erste Walpurgisnacht. The minuet from his First Symphony is sometimes replaced with a version of the scherzo from his String Octet in E-flat. In his teen years, this composer wrote an overture for a play for which he would later write a wedding march. One of his symphonies ends with a presto saltarello finale, while another was written on the same trip that inspired his Hebrides Overture. For 10 points, name this composer of Scottish and Italian symphonies and incidental music to A Midsummer Night's Dream.

Brandenburg concertos

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Unfinished Symphony (accept early buzz of Schubert's Eighth Symphon)

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First performed by the Ballet Caravan in Chicago in 1938, it was turned into a concert suite two years later. Lincoln Kirstein paired the choreographer Eugene Loring with its composer and the result was this work that opens with a vivid sonic depiction of prairie life followed by a processional and into the first movement "Street in a Frontier Town." The rest of the the title figure's tale is told using cowboy tunes like "The Old Chisholm Trail,," "Trouble for the Range Cook," and "The Dying Cowboy," the last of which is played during the scene at Fort Summers when Pat Garett shoots him. FTP identify this work based on Burn's saga of William Bonney, a ballet by Aaron Copland.

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Kid Ory was the most popular of the "tailgate" performers of this instrument. Still a mystery today is the generation of several sounds by "Tricky Sam" Nanton using only this instrument and a plunger. Jimmy Bosch is notable for his contributions to salsa playing this instrument. In addition to his status as one of the few prominent white male jazz singers, Jack Teagarden was a master of this instrument, while another member of this section in the Duke Ellington Orchestra, Juan Tizol, played the "valve" type of this instrument. For 10 points, name this brass instrument played by Tommy Dorsey and Glenn Miller, seventy-six of which led the big parade in a song from "The Music Man."

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During rehearsals for the premiere of this work, the violinists tied handkerchiefs to their bows as a sign of protest. One section of this work sees horns and cellos divided into four different parts, while its third section contained brass fanfares which were deleted at the suggestion of Varese. Opening in 6/8, a violin solo appears roughly sixty bars into this piece following the Tres lent introduction. Daybreak is represented by the tremolo in the strings that coincides with the establishment of the D-flat major key in the first movement of this work, of which Satie “particularly liked the bit at a quarter to eleven.†“Play of the Waves†and “Dialogue of the wind and sea†are the last two sections of, for 10 points, which three movement composition by Claude Debussy?

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During the course of this work the harmony moves steadily up, from D minor, up to E, and then F. It ends with a death wish and a recapitulation of the refrain, "O, my heart is sad, my rest is o'er." Its climax, accompanied by a fortissimo ascent to B flat major, occurs during the memory of a kiss, at which point the insistent piano accompaniment stops short for a moment, before it begins again. Composed one year before another of its composer's Goethe-inspired works, The Elf-King, this work is set in a room by a window where an enraptured girl waits while her foot rises and falls on a pedal. For 10 points, identify this lied that depicts a Faust heroine dreaming of her love as she manipulates the title object, a work by Franz Schubert.

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Eduard Lalo wrote a "Norwegian" one for orchestra in 1879, while Charles Stanford wrote a whole set of Irish ones. The word derives from a Greek word for a professional dramatic reciter of Homeric poems, and the word came to mean a free-form composition. The comic story of a man getting a job on a construction site during the Depression was Fantasia II's setting of the jazz piano concerto that is the most famous American work in, FTP, what musical form that includes Liszt's Hungarian ones, Rachmaninoff's on a theme of Paganini, and Queen's Bohemian?

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Efforts in this opera to lift the title character's spirits include the piano-accompanied "Lieben, hassen" and a quartet sung by four men with a coloratura soprano descant. That coloratura soprano role is best known for the massive aria "Grossmächtige Prinzessin!", in which she lists men who have seduced her, to which the title character responds by withdrawing into her cave. The title location disappears upon the appearance of a certain god, and the Prologue to the opera, not included in its original version, ends with the Composer singing "Musik ist eine heilige Kunst." Zerbinetta and four commedia dell'arte characters star in the comedy that infringes upon the Composer's opera seria, creating the opera-within-an-opera that forms the body of this work. For 10 points, identify this opera with libretto by Hugo von Hofmannsthal, a work by Richard Strauss about the abandoned lover of Theseus.

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Elliott Antokoletz argues that a certain treaty inspired this composer's "expansion in range" technique in his third string quartet, which begins with sections called "prima parte" and "seconda parte" and introduced his namesake pizzicato. He wrote a work based on a colinda in which nine sons are turned into stags, while another piece opens with a group of "Unison Melodies" and ends with six pieces dedicated to Harriet Cohen. This composer of Cantata Profana wrote a work parodying Shostakovich's "invasion" theme in the "intermezzo interrotto" fourth movement and wrote a collection of 153 instructional piano pieces titled Mikrokosmos. He wrote an opera ending when Judith opens the seventh door of the title location to uncover the three former wives of her husband. For 10 points, name this composer of Concerto for Orchestra and Duke Bluebeard's Castle who collected Hungarian folk songs.

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Encouraged and financed by the actress Helena Modjeska, he studied in Vienna under Theodor Leshetizky, who greatly improved this man's limited technique. In 1901 his opera Manru, dealing with life in the Tatra Mountains, was performed at Dresden, and his Symphony in B Minor was performed in Boston in 1909. For a time he edited the works of Chopin and strongly urged Woodrow Wilson to support Polish independence, which became #13 of the Fourteen Points. FTP, name this Polish pianist and composer, who actually served as prime minister of the country in 1919.

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Enrico Caruso legendarily added an extra high C at the end of this opera's aria "Di quella pira." One character sings about her mother who was burned alive in "Stride la Vampa," and she later confesses that to get her vengeance she stole her enemy's son but accidentally threw her own son into the fire. The Duchess Leonora drinks poison after selling herself to secure the freedom of the title character, and the opera ends when the gypsy Azucena reveals the title character is actually Count di Luna's brother. For 10 points, name this opera concluding with Manrico's execution that features "The Anvil Chorus," composed by Giuseppi Verdi.

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Erik Satie wrote a set of six of them in 1919, of which the first three were all written in D major. One by Samuel Barber is his Opus thirty-three, written for solo piano. This term also names a collection of three pieces that may have originally been written as a violin concerto for Eugene Ysaye, of which the third movement features a wordless chant for eight mezzo-sopranos. One in the key of A-flat Major follows a Polonaise in Les Sylphides, a ballet inspired by the music of the composer most often associated with this musical form. FTP, identify this type of musical composition giving its name to a set of three orchestral works including Fetes, Sirenes, and Nuages by Debussy, developed by the Irish composer John Field, and naming twenty-one piano pieces by Chopin and a painting of a falling rocket by John Whistler.

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Eugène Ysaÿe and Paolo Gallico gave this work its Carnegie Hall premiere. Its second movement contains a theme and four variations and its third movement begins with a crashing A Major chord in the piano followed by an exuberant 6/8 tarantella in rondo form. Its first movement begins with a slow chordal introduction and ends with an anguished coda but is highlighted by a furious A Minor presto section. Originally dedicated to George Bridgetower, its current namesake never performed it and considered this 1802 work unplayable. FTP, name this most famous Beethoven violin sonata which shares its name with a short story by Leo Tolstoy and is dedicated to a French violinist with a German-sounding name.

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Everyone will tell you I am not a musician. That is correct. These are the words of a turn-of-the-century composer whose eccentricities ranged from wearing 12 identical gray velvet suits to letting no one into his apartment for 27 years. Many of the titles of this man's works are equally odd, including Desiccated Embryos, Truly Flabby Préludes for a Dog, and Three Pieces in the Form of a Pear. The 1917 premiere of his ballet Parade caused a theater riot. For ten points, name this "non-musician" whose protégés included "The Six" of French music, and whose most famous composition is Trois Gymnopédies.

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Failed romances helped inspire this composer's song cycle Lieder eines fahrenden Gesellen and the cantata Das Klagende Lied. Director of the Imperial Opera of Vienna from 1897-1907, his death fixation helped shape his Kindertotenlieder,or "Songs on the Death of Children", and a year after his cancer diagnosis he wrote Song of the Earth. FTP, name this Austrian-Jewish composer best-known for the Titan Symphony, the Resurrection Symphony, and the Symphony of a Thousand.

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Featured prominently in Cesar Frank's Symphony in D, solos for this instrument are included at the beginning of Act Three of Wagner's Tristan and Isolde and in the second movement of Dvorak's New World Symphony. It has been suggested its name came from a misspelling of the French phrase for "angled horn" which refers to the bend near the mouthpiece. FTP, identify this double-reed woodwind, an alto oboe originally called a "cor anglais."

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Features of this piece of music, such as the use of the xylophone, the harp, softly played snare drum, and violins whose strings are plucked pizzicato-style in the beginning are not always obvious in hearing. Its main theme, consisting of two parts, is repeated throughout as it spreads from the woodwinds to the whole orchestra, and its steady gain in volume and tempo has often led to its use as background music for lovemaking, the use to which a Marvin Hamlisch-arranged version of it was famously put in the film 10!. FTP, name this 1928 composition, the most famous of Maurice Ravel.

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Ferruccio Bussoni used its incomplete quadruple portion as the basis for the Fantasia contrapuntistica, while its first nine sections were the only organ recording ever made by Glenn Gould. Its completed sections include four simple subjects, three counters, two doubles, two triples, four canons, and three mirrors. Key and subject are kept constant in order to demonstrate the potential of variation on a short theme alone. FTP, identify this work in D minor by Johann Sebastian Bach that demonstrates his skill with counterpoint.

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First staged in Western Europe by Diaghilev in 1921, it's premiere was at the Mariinsky Theater in St. Petersburg three decades earlier. Choreographed by Marius Petipa, Carabosse curses the heroine to die at the age of 16. The Lilac Fairy changes her sentence to a hundred years slumber. After that time is up, the Lilac Fairy leads Prince Florimund to the princess, and his kiss restores her to life. FTP, name this Tchaikovsky opera about Aurora.

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Five years after its rather dismal premiere its composer decided to release this opera as a suite featuring such sections as "The Ridiculous People," "Scene from Hades," and "Flight:" which corresponds to Celio's appearance in the finale. It begins when the King of Clubs persuades his minister, Leandro, to cure his son's melancholy. Soon he has offended Fata Morganna and must go to the witch Creonte to find the title objects. Eventually Truffaldino saves the Ninetta from her fruity prison and she falls in love with the Prince in FTP what 1921 work based on a story by Gozzi, an opera by Prokofiev.

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Following the suggestion of the composer's friend Axel Carpelan, this work was given its present name. Originally concocted as the sixth part of the musical melodrama, Music for Press Ceremony, it would be performed until the title of Impromptu for almost twenty years. Based on a text by Zachria Topelius, this symphonic poem was composed in response to a Russian censorship rule of 1899. FTP, name this patriotic work, the most famous of Jean Sibelius.

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Francois Poulenc wrote eight of them, including "Ball of the Young Women" and "Phalenes." Though it was Irish composer John Field that introduced this type of composition. A set of three symphonic poems entitled "Clouds," "Festivals" and "Sirens" shares this name, though the work's title was taken from paintings of Whistler by its composer, Claude Debussy. The best-known example is a series of 21 pieces for piano by Chopin. FTP, give this musical term which comes from the French for "of the night."

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Friedrich Kind ("kint") wrote the libretto for this 1821 opera. A contest is held for the hand of the lovely Agathe ("Agga THAY"). The woodsman Max enters the contest, but he requires a little help from Caspar, who is in league with the Devil. The Black Hunstman gives him seven magic bullets, and the seventh, aimed at a dove, would have killed Agathe, but bounces off her wreath and kills Caspar instead. FTP, name this opera by Karl Weber ("Vaybur").

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Gary Karr arranged this composer's cello sonata in A Minor as a double bass concerto, while folk music collected by Lindeman gave inspiration to four symphonic dances, the Opus 64 of this composer. He included two wordless Hallings in his Album for Male Chorus, while a drum roll and a set of octaves played by the solo instrument open this composer's famous piano concerto in A Minor. An Arietta is the first of the 66 short piano pieces in one collection by this composer, whose lament The Death of Ase accompanies the title mountain outlaw's return just in time for his mother's death in part of another work. For 10 points, name this Norwegian composer whose works include his Lyric Pieces and In the Hall of the Mountain King, which is part of the incidental music to Peer Gynt.

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Geirr Tveitt wrote a Norwegian version of this piece called "Hardanger Ale." It originated when Ferdinand Arbos gave the composer permission to orchestrate the tone poem Iberia, but the composer abandoned it. The leading melody begins in the flutes, and is taken up by the clarinet and bassoon. A shift in the theme from C-major to E-major begins the finale, after which the entire orchestra adopts the snare drums' ostinato accompanied by cymbals and trombone glissandi in the 18th recapitulation. Commissioned by Ida Rubinstein, FTP, what is this piece named for a Spanish dance rhythm by Maurice Ravel?

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Goofy titles for some of them were proposed by the composer's cousin Marc-André Souchay, but he rejected the suggestions. The fifth of the eight albums of them to be published appeared in 1844 and included a "Funeral March" and a piece about springtime, while the sixth appeared the next year and included a piece about spinning. Other pieces in the group include a Duetto written on the occasion of the composer's engagement to Cecile Jeanrenaud, several pieces for children, and three Venetian boat songs. Originally entitled "Original Melodies for the Pianoforte, FTP, name this collection of 48 short piano pieces written by Felix Mendelssohn.

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Guillaume Lekeu wrote two symphonic versions of this kind of work, the second of which is known as "Ophelia." A set of four "great concert" versions of this kind of work is the Opus 111 of Ignaz Moscheles, and includes "La Fougue." A set of these constitutes the Opus 2 of Adolf von Henselt, while "Aesop's feast" and "In Molossian rhythm" are among the twelve written "in all the minor keys" as the Opus 39 of Charles-Valentin Alkan. Leopold Godowsky wrote a set of 53 of these which are adaptations of a better-known 19th-century set of these; the latter set includes pieces known as the "Winter Wind" and "Revolutionary." For 10 points, identify this type of composition, "transcendental" ones of which were written by Franz Liszt, though Chopin's are more famous.

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He abandoned many operas, including The Cup of the King of Thule and Don Rodrigue, and he died before he could complete an opera about Ivan the Terrible. His opera teacher was Jacques Halevy, whose daughter he married. His instrumental works include Children's Game and some incidental music to a play by Alphonse Daudet. One of operas most famous duets, "Au fond du temple saint," comes from his The Pearl Fishers. His most famous opera includes character such as Zuniga, Escamillo, and Don José. FTP, name this French composer who wrote an opera about a Spanish gypsy named Carmen.

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He collaborated with Jean Cocteau to create The Ox on the Roof and The Newlyweds of the Eiffel Tower. A frequent user of polytonality, his operas include La Mére Coupable and Christophe Colombe, but he is more associated will ballets such as La Mort d'un tyran. FTP, name this member of Les Six who composed Suite provençale and La création du monde.

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He composed Seven Sonnets of Michelangelo and Les Illuminations specifically for the tenor Peter Pears, who gained fame as the lead in his opera Death in Venice. A student of Frank Bridge, he composed music intended for church performance like Noye's Floode and Curlew River, but is better known for operas like Billy Budd and The Turn of the Screw. FTP, who is this British composer of the War Requiem and Peter Grimes?

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He composed the scores for Pare Lorentz' The Plow That Broke the Plains and The River and Robert Flaherty's Louisiana Story. He composed a Sonata de chiesa for his graduation from study with Nadia Boulanger and soon after composed the Symphony on a Hymn Tune and a ballet called Filling Station. Jack Larson wrote the libretto for his third most important opera Lord Byron. His songs "Susie Asado", "Preciosilla", and his early success "Capital, Capitals" were all based on Gertrude Stein as were his two most famous works. For 10 points, name this American composer of Four Saints in Three Acts and The Mother of Us All.

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He composed the scores for the ballets Dybbuk and Facsimile, while his controversial Mass was composed specifically for the opening of the Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts. Initially studying under Walter Piston and Fritz Reiner, he was soon mentored by Serge Koussevitsky. Making a spectacular debut as conductor with the New York Philharmonic as a last-minute substitute for Bruno Walter, he went on to success both as a conductor and composer of musicals like Candide and Fancy Free. FTP, who was this composer of West Side Story?

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He currently collaborates with flautist Bobby Millitello. He created a jazz version of "Someday My Prince Will Come" in his album based on Disney songs, and he is credited with bringing jazz to college campuses with his Jazz at Oberlin. His group's best known album features the tracks "Kathy's Waltz" and "Strange Meadowlark," and features a 9/8 time signature in a piece inspired by the zeybek folk dance, "Blue Rondo a la Turk." Joe Morello was originally supposed to play a drum solo in his most famous piece composed by saxophonist Paul Desmond and written in quintuple time. For 10 points, name this Jazz pianist, who featured "Take Five" in his album Time Out.

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He failed to win the Prix de Rome five times. His piano cycles include Miroirs and Gaspard de la Nuit, and he was fascinated by the east as evidenced by Tzigone, a work inspired by gypsy music. He composed adaptations of three of Tristan Klingsor's Sherezade poems and wrote two full length operas, The Spanish Hour and The Child and His Spells. FTP, name this French composer who modified Mussorgsky's Pictures at an Exhibition, most famous for his repetitive Bolero.

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He first gained fame for the one-act Le Villi, and Giuliu Ricordi bought that work's publication rights and signed this man to a contract. After the failure of Edgar, he produced a successful opera based on a novel by the Abbé Prévost, Manon Lescaut. His final work, based on a Carlo Giozzi play and completed by Franco Altano, was the only Italian impressionist opera. FTP, name this composer of that tale of the son of Tamerlane and a Chinese princess, Turandot.

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He gave his first pianoforte recital in 1846 at the age of 11. Six years later he befriended Liszt and dedicated his Third Symphony to the Hungarian. He would go on to be the teacher of Gabriel Faure and write the coronation march for Edward VII in 1902. Among his piano works are Variations of a Theme of Beethoven and Caprice heroique, while orchestral works include Phaeton and Omphale's Spinning Wheel. FTP, name this composer of Danse Macabre, Samson and Delilah, and Carnival of the Animals.

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He introduced chords built in fourths instead of the usual major/minor triads to produce an exotic effect in his piano sonatas and such works as Satanic Poem. He also attempted to get interesting effects through the fusion of music and philosophy in the programmatic Divine Poem, and both colors and scents in the planned but unexecuted Mysterium. However, he did finish a piece calling for a color organ to produce a light show on a screen. FTP, name this Russian composer of Prometheus: A Poem of Fire.

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He is buried in Paris's Père Lachaise (pair la-shezz) cemetery between the graves of Cherubini and Bellini, though his heart was sent back to his home country at his request. His first published work was a set of variations on Mozart's aira La ci darem la mano, and his other orchestral works include the Krakowiak, piano concerti in F and E minor, and the Fantasia on Polish Airs. FTP, identify this Romantic composer, best known for his numerous piano works, including etudes, nocturnes, polonaises, and the "Funeral March" piano sonata.

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He left one of his earliest groups after they performed in the revue Strutting Along. Through his work with Wilbur Sweatman, he met a collaborator with whom he would work for the next decade, producing an album that featured his first major recorded solo, Dirty Blues. After achieving popularity with Fletcher Henderson's band, he toured Europe making many studio recordings with musicians like Django Reinhardt and Benny Carter and performing solos on songs like Crazy Rhythm. His only collaboration with Duke Ellington appeared in 1962 with Impulse Records, and soon after he started to show signs of serious alcoholism. Another highly influential solo of his, recorded in 1939 after years of playing it at Kelly's Stables, was Picasso. For 10 points, identify this performer famous for Body and Soul, who, at the height of his popularity, led a group with Roy Eldridge and earned the title "Father of the Tenor Sax."

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He liked to concentrate on mischievous figures with his symphonic poems as evidenced by Vodnik, or The Water Goblin, and Polednice, or The Noonday Witch. His friendship with Fritz Simrock was beneficial, for Simrock's firm gained him worldwide attention with the publication of his Moravian Duets. Though he was especially proud of his choral works, only the Stabat Mater and Te Deum continue to be regularly performed today. His best known work might have been influenced by his time spent in Iowa and possibly based on Negro spirituals. FTP, identify this composer of Humoresque, Slavonic Dances, and Symphony No. 9, or From the New World.

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He sailed on the Almaz in 1862, which visited New York City, Baltimore, and Washington D.C. at the height of the Civil War, after graduating from the Russian naval academy. Upon return, he finished his first symphony, which he had started under the guidance of Mily Balakirev. Aquatic scenes appear in many of the operas of, FTP, what most productive of "The Five" whose operatic works include Snow Maiden, The Tsar's Bride, and Tale of Tsar Saltan?

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He wrote about the relationship between a girl named Vita and the title character in his opera The Stranger, while he depicted the conversion of Nicéa, the Queen of Pleasure, by a man originally known as Auférus in his The Legend of Saint Christopher. He wrote about the Saracen invasions of his country in his music drama Fervaal, while he reversed the usual arrangement of variations in his Istar. He used a text by Uhland for his "symphonic legend" The Enchanted Forest and wrote three symphonic overtures based on Schiller's Wallenstein, while his major symphonic works include the Sinfonia brevis and an 1886 work alternately known as the "Symphonie Cevenole." His teaching methods, detailed in Cours de Composition, were used on such pupils as Joaquin Turina, Georges Auric, and Erik Satie. FTP, name this Belgian-French composer who was himself taught by Cesar Franck, and who is most famous for his Symphony on a French Mountain Air.

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Heinrich Panofka published five volumes of them during the 19th century, and Peter Racine-Fricker composed one in 1965. Jean-Antoine Bérard, in his L'Art du Chant, may have started the tradition from which these pieces are derived, as it included twenty works of Lully, Rameau, and others, as exercises. Vaughan Williams composed three for soprano and clarinet in 1958. FTP, identify this term whose most famous example may be Rachmaninoff's Opus 34, Number 14, a concert piece or vocal exercise which is sung to one or more vowels.

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Herman Scherchen and Wolfgang Graeser both arranged this work for orchestra, since the composer did not specify on what instrument it was to be performed. Its first published version included a chorale attached by the composer's son, entitled "Here Before Thy Throne I Stand." The last of its four canons is augmented in retrograde motion, while the second is written for two voices separated by an octave. These canons connect the main movements, the sixth of which is "in the French style," and the last of which was left unfinished at the composer's death, ending on a motif that spells out his name. FTP, name this composition which consists of fourteen Contrapuncti, written by J.S. Bach.

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Highlights of this opera include the chorus Gloria all'Egitto, the title character's arias Ritorna vincitor and O patria mia, and the "Triumphal Scene". One of its unique features is a brief atmospheric prelude that replaces the traditional overture. The plot is fairly simple, involving a love triangle in which a captain inadvertently reveals battle plans to the enemy. The jilted Amneris then has Rhadames arrested as a traitor and walled up in a pyramid, where he is joined in death by the titular Ethiopian princess. FTP, what is this opera by Verdi?

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Hindemith based his "Symphonic Metamorphoses" on a theme by this composer. In 1803 his father placed him under the tutelage of Abbé Vogler. Forced to focus on composing and conducting after he ruined his singing voice by accidentally drinking nitric acid, his first successful opera, Abu Hussan, followed failures such as Silvana and Das Waldmadchen, and he died in England two months after the premier of his Oberon. FTP, identify this German Romantic composer famous for the opera The Freeshooter.

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His building, the Opera-Nationale, had to be shut down during the Revolutions of 1848 prompting him to work as a music critic to pay off his debts. His later works include minor successes like The Toreador and If I was King, though his attempt at grand opera, Richard in Palestine, failed. Beginning a successful career at the Opera Comique with works like Pierre et Catherine and La Chalet, other compositions include the Le Postillon de Longjumeau and a series of ballets: Faust, The Girl from the Danube, and his most famous piece, a supernatural love story inspired by Gautier, FTP, identify this composer of Giselle.

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His efforts in opera were almost completely unsuccessful, chiefly due to the asinine libretti seen in efforts like Alfonso and Estrella, The Twin Brothers, and Fierribras. The inventor of the "Moments Musicaux", his chamber works include the Grand Duo Piano Sonata in C Major, a series of Impromptus, and Fantasy in F Major, but he is better known for works in another genre that include "Gretchen at the Spinning Wheel", "Hark, Hark, The Lark", and "The Doppelganger". FTP, name the prolific composer of lieder probably best known for his 8th symphony, which was left unfinished.

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His efforts in opera were almost completely unsuccessful, chiefly due to the asinine libretti such as those used for Alfonso and Estrella, The Twin Brothers, and Fierribras. The inventor of the form "Moments Musicaux", his chamber works include the Grand Duo Piano Sonata in C Major, a series of Impromptus, and Fantasy in F Major, but he is better knwon for works in another genre that include "Gretchen at the Spinning Wheel", "Hark, Hark, The Lark", and "The Doppelganger". FTP name this composer, one of whose lieder, "Die Forelle', formed the basis for the Piano Quintet in A Major named for it, The Trout.

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His first opera was about a 13th century German knight who loves the wife of the antagonist Duke Robert, the lady Freihild. His last opera or "conversation piece" on the contrary, is a debate among musicians, poets, and artists about whether words or music is more important in opera, set in a 18th century Countess's house in a single act entitled Capriccio. His final work uses Joseph Eichendorff's poem Im Abendrot and three Herman Hesse settings related to death for Vier letzte lieder. FTP, name this composer of Tod und Verkalung, Till Eulenspiegel's Merry Pranks, and Ein Heldenleben, which were among his tone poems, the most famous being Don Juan.

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His inappropriate sense of humor was evidenced in a letter he sent to the pianist Harriet Cohen which was adorned with a swastika. The etchings of Thomas Rowlandson inspired his overture Portsmouth Point, while the end of his career saw such works as Capriccio burlesco and a Duettino for flute and oboe. One of his early works is based on the text "Drop, Drop Slow Tears" by Phineas Fletcher. That work, A Litany, was written when he was a choirboy at Chirstchurch, though this composer's most famous work contains a parody of Elgar's Pomp and Circumstance to represent the court of a Babylonian king. FTP, name this British composer of the operas The Bear and Troilus and Cressida , best known for his 1931 cantata Belshazzar's Feast.

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His last two major works, Jean de Nivelle and Kassya, were finished by Massenet after his death. His church music and songs are rarely performed, with the exception of "The Girls of Cadiz." His first major work, a collaboration with Ludwig Minkus, was the ballet La Source, which was quickly followed by the comic opera Le Roi l'a dit, and another opera, featuring the "Bell Song" aria. FTP, name this French composer of the opera Lakme and the ballets Sylvia and Coppelia.

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His most famous work was the basis of an Ernst Lubitsch film that won the 1934 Academy Award for art direction. Dvorák advised him to "Hang up your fiddle, and write music." As conductor of the Theater an der Wien, he had a 110-piece orchestra at his disposal, composing his first operetta with librettist Felix Falizari, Kukuschka. Following works included The Count of Luxembourg and The Land of Smiles. The composer of the grand opera Giuditta, FTP, name this early 20th century Austro-Hungarian composer of The Merry Widow.

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His only opera was based on a novel called A Cabin Outside the Village, and deals with the tragic love of a peasant girl and a gypsy. His only symphony is a B minor work which calls for three sarussophones, and may be the only major symphony to use that instrument. More than half of his songs are settings of French poems by Catulle Mendés. He used folk music of his homeland's Tatra mountain people for an early piano collection and again for the "Gypsy March" in the opera Manru. His violin sonata Six Humoresques de Concert contains a popular Minuet in G, while his lone choral piece is "Hey, White Eagle," which became an independence anthem. FTP, name this pianist and composer who spent three years editing a complete edition of Chopin, decades after his one-year term as Prime Minister of Poland.

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His output for piano includes 13 nocturnes, five impromptus, and a pair of works, Berceuse and Elegie, for piano and violin. His Masques et Bergamasques is written for orchestra alone, and his two operas Promethee and Penelope were not big hits. He wrote incidental music for Pelleas and Melisande, but this student of Louis Niedermeyer and Saint-Saens is much more well known for works like "After a Dream" and "The Roses of Isphahan" which depict his mastery of the song cycle. As director of the Conservatoire this teacher of Ravel and Boulanger produced a famous Requiem for his deceased father, FTP, identify this composer of La Bonne Chanson.

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His scant output for piano includes two nocturnes entitled Separation and Regret, both of which owe a debt to his early teacher, the Irish composer John Field. A trip to Spain inspired him to write two overtures, the Capriccio brillante on the Jota aragonesa and Summer Night in Madrid. Two folk songs from his native land inspired another late work, Kamarinskaya. In another of his works, Vanya and Antonida mourn the death of Ivan Susanin, just as a group of people are celebrating the triumph of the new ruler. FTP, name this composer whose works include Ruslan and Ludmila and A Life for the Tsar.

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His second opera, Dorval and Virginia, is now lost, as is a Christmas Cantata he wrote which was dedicated to Tsar Alexander I. According to William Beckford, this man was working for the Duchess of Osuna in 1787, the year after he composed his opera La Clementina. His Stabat Mater was originally written for solo soprano, but he revised it in 1800 to feature three singers. A violin concerto that used to be attributed to him was probably written by Henry Casadesus, while his best-known concerto is in the key of B flat and used to be widely played in an arrangement by Friedrich Grützmacher. His chamber music includes a number of arrangements for guitar quintet and several groups of string quintets which featured two cellos. FTP, name this Italian composer and virtuoso cellist who was nicknamed the "wife of Haydn."

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His songs include words by Housman, Hopkins, Yeats, and Stephens, and he set to music James Joyce's Chamber Music. His operas include A Hand of Bridge and Antony and Cleopatra and he composed the Capricorn Concerto for flute, oboe, trumpet, and strings. Known for the vocal piece Dover Beach, his best known opera is Vanessa. For 10 points, name this American composer best-known for Adagio for Strings.

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Howard Pollack argues that the changing rhythms in this work's first six measures from 4/4 to 3/2 to 3/4 to 5/4 are meant to reflect the cadences of speech. The final version of this work did not include the sections "Moment of Crisis" and "The Day of Wrath". In the movement "The Lord's Day" the "pioneer woman" advises her new neighbors after they encounter a Revivalist preacher and his congregation. Isamu Noguchi designed the original set for this ballet, which took its title from a Hart Crane poem after it was originally titled Ballet for Martha. Quoting the Shaker hymn "Simple Gifts", for 10 points, name this ballet written for Martha Graham about a couple building a farmhouse in Pennsylvania, composed by Aaron Copland.

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Hugh Aitken wrote a suite for flute and orchestra in which this man is "remembered." Castel allegedly introduced this man to the bird songs noted in Kircher's Musurgia Universalis, which can be heard in his The Call of the Birds and The Hen. Leopold Godowsky wrote piano arrangements of his "Tambourin" and "Rigaudon," while his four grand motets reflect his origins as a church organist in Clermont. The author of exotic operas such as Samson and Zoroastre and a treatise which introduced a new system of theoretical music, he is better-known for his use of classical myths in works like Dardanus and The Festivals of Hebe. FTP name this French composer who engaged Pergolesi in the War of the Buffoons and composed the operas Hyppolyte et Aricie and Castor et Pollux.

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Important arias in this opera include Hat man nicht auch Gold beineben and Gott! welch Dunkel hier! In a side plot, Jacquino is rejected by Marzelline, who loves the title character. Marzelline's father, Rocco, is the jailer and the only one allowed in the lower dungeon levels according to Don Pizarro. Don Fernando arrives at the end to free the character Florestan from prison upon learning that it is Leonore dressed as the title character. FTP, identify this only opera by Beethoven.

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In 1816, this man composed his first paid work, a cantata for the students of a Professor Watteroth entitled "Prometheus." Other works around that time include his libretto for the founder of the schoolmasters' widows' fund and an opera, Die Burgschaft. Due to the inept writing of men such as Georg von Hoffman, Josef Kupelweiser, and Franz von Schober, operas such as Alfonso and Estrella and Fierrbras were poorly received. Other works include a famous sonata for piano and arpeggione as well as an Ave Maria that was based on a poem by Sir Walter Scott. He is best known, however, for his Grand Duo Piano Sonata in C Major as well as songs like "The Doppelganger" and "Die Schone Mullerin." FTP, identify this German Romantic composer of Die Winterreise and the Trout Quintet.

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In 1852 she married Otto Goldschmidt, who conducted the Bach choir in London. At age eighteen she made her debut in Der Freischutz, as Agathe, the leading soprano role, and that Stockholm Opera performance led to immediate success. FTP, identify this singer who toured the United States from 1850 to 1852, when she was managed by P.T. Barnum, and who was nicknamed the "Swedish Nightingale."

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In Mark Morris's production of this opera at the Metropolitan, each member of the chorus is dressed as a different historical figure. This opera opens with the lament "Ah, se intorno" in which one singer interrupts a chorus of shepherds dancing around a grave with the name of his wife. The protagonist sings the famous aria "Che faro" before Amore convinces him not to commit suicide. With a libretto by Ranieri de' Calzabigi, this opera features the "Dance of the Blessed Spirits" in a scene set in Elysium. This opera prefigures the operatic reform that the composer would later make explicit in the preface to Alceste. For 10 points, name this opera about a mythical Greek singer's descent into the underworld, written by C. W. Gluck.

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In the conclusion six harps are used to accompany the cries of some betrayed servants. Scene 1 opens with a 136-measure prelude based on an E-flat chord that grows and expands; and in the transition to Scene 3 the orchestra falls silent, leaving a forging rhythm to ring out on eighteen tuned anvils. Scene 4 includes Erda's warning and the "Entrance of the gods into Valhalla" near the end. FTP, name this opera that introduces us to Alberich and Wotan, the first of Wagner's Ring Cycle which is named for a river treasure.

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In the first act finale of this opera, "Silence, let no one warn him," the villain revels in his plan, while in the aria "Comes a pretty boy this path," Annchen jokes with his cousin. An early chorus praises the rich young Kilian, who initially defeats the protagonist in acquiring the favor of the master Kuno, while a meeting with Duke Ottokar follows the "Huntsmen's Chorus." In the Wolf's Glen scene, Kaspar summons the demon Zamiel in order to forge magic bullets, which Max uses to win the hand of Agatha in a shooting contest. For 10 points, name this opera composed by Carl Maria von Weber.

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Initially performed with a text by Josef Weyl, this work revived a nation that had suffererd a recent humiliating defeat at Koniggratz. It is divided into five mini versions of the namesake form, of which the first is in D-major and the fourth is in F. Composed for the Vienna Men's Singing Society, it debuted in 1867 and is still more famous than similar works in the vein by its composer as in Roses from the South, Morning Leaves, and Emperor. FTP, name this most famous waltz of Johann Strauss the Younger.

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Inspired by a conversation its composer shared with his grandmother, the composer remarked of it, "Not a day goes by without my using that piece in my life and work." It premiered in 1952, performed by David Tudor in Woodstock, New York, and it is divided into three movements, each marked by the word "Tacet" and its respective length of time. Its composer considered it only a partial success since even when he performed it in an anechoic chamber he could still hear his heart beating. FTP identify this minimalist work for piano by John Cage.

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Ira Gitler first coined the term "sheets of sound" to describe the style of this jazz musician, who ended one album with the "musical narration" of a poem that begins "I will do all I can to be worthy of Thee, Oh Lord." He collaborated with McCoy Tyner and Elvin Jones in his namesake quartet on albums such as First Meditations and Gleanings, and his famous chord substitutions based on major third cycles known as his namesake "changes" are first seen in the track "Lazy Bird" on Blue Train and later seen in "Countdown" and "Naima." For 10 points, name this saxophonist, whose albums include Giant Steps and A Love Supreme.

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It appears between settings of the Rellstab poems On the River and Autumn as catalogued by Deutsch after its discovery by Schumann following its composer's death. A French horn solo introduces an allegro ma non troppo dance passage in its first movement, followed by an oboe-dominated andante con moto and a cello-dependent scherzo. The violin triplet supported fanfare of its finale features four blows identified as the composer's knocking on the gates of heaven. FTP, name this work in C Major, the first complete symphony of the Romantic era, completed after the "Unfinished" symphony, and nicknamed "The Great."

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It concludes: "None can call himself fully contented who has not tasted love in [a woman's] arms," after lamenting that women, "simple in speech and simple in mind," are highly changeable. It comes just before the singer makes a pass at a gypsy while an earlier conquest observes with her father, who has hired Sparafucile to kill the singer. FTP, identify this aria, sung by the Duke of Mantua before his ill-fated court jester, Rigoletto.

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It includes songs entitled "How he looks at me!" and "Tzing, tzing, tzing." The putative hero is pressed into action by the character of Public Opinion, who is more disappointed in the outcome than the husband. One of the title figures has a violin solo and the score borrows from Gluck's "Che Faro" throughout. Carl Binder would later compose an overture to the 1860 Vienna production of this work which had begun its run in Paris two years earlier to great acclaim. Featuring a down and out Styx and a lusty Jupiter, who wants the abducted nymph all to himself, for ten points, identify this satirical operetta, best known for having the classical gods dance the can-can, a work about a legendary singer's descent into Pluto's realm by Jacques Offenbach.

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It was advertised as "An Experiment in Modern Music" by promoter/conductor Paul Whiteman for its premiere at Aeolian Hall in New York City. The 1924 composition begins with perhaps the most famous clarinet solo in classical music. FTP, the composer's brother Ira named what famous George Gershwin piece?

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It was the inspiration for the later Piano Sonata No. 2 of Boulez, who elaborated on its contrapuntal form. The first movement of the piece, Allegro, introduces fortissimo B-flat chords, and the very short Scherzo parodies the first. The third movement, one of the longest of any solo piece up to the time, is an Adagio sostenuto that is said to have inspired much Romantic-era music. The final movement, marked Allegro risoluto, begins with contrapuntal meanderings before breaking out into a full fugue similar to its composer's Grosse Fuge. FTP, name this piano sonata by Beethoven whose name describes both the instrument and the piece's difficulty.

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Its opening scene begins with an Allegro Giusto movement and shows the protagonist on the eve of his coming-of-age ceremony, celebrating with his friend Benno and his drunk tutor Wolfgang. To escape the Queen Mother's reminders of his eventual need to marry, the protagonist goes hunting in the forest and is discovered by the evil wizard Von Rothbart, who plots to have his daughter Odile seduce the hero and prevent him from breaking the curse placed upon Odette. Such is the story of Prince Sigfried, in, FTP, what Tchaikovsky ballet about a maiden who spends her days in the form of a white bird in the title pond?

name this ballet centering on the title puppet at a fair, with music by Igor Stravinsky.

Its second version, which appeared in 1947, included such revisions as replacing several legato passages with staccato accompaniment and the changing of some metronome markings. It opens at a Shrovetide gathering, with the title character freeing himself from the Showman, and returns to the gathering in Scene III, in which the title character's rival, the Moor, wins the love of the Ballerina. This "Burlesque in 4 scenes," was co-written by Alexandre Benois. For 10 points

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Its third section, which features strings, piano, and woodwinds, depicts the arrival of dusk and is marked "Andantino." By contrast this work opens with a savage discordant theme marked "Allegro Feroce" that illustrates the elemental struggle inspired by its source material, a poem by Gorodetzky. Its second section featuring insistent, pounding rhythms, depicts the kidnapping of a wood nymph, and is entitled "The Evil God and Dance of the Pagan Monster." This work, which was based on a ballet originally commissioned by Diaghilev as a piece that would focus on prehistoric subject matter, ends with a fourth movement that sees the rising sun smiting the evil Chuzbog and the triumph of the characters Ala and Lolli. For 10 points, identify this orchestral work that is named for a barbarian tribe and composed by Sergei Prokofiev.

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Jacques Ibert wrote a concerto for this instrument for Marcel Moyse, and Messaien's Le merle noir is for this instrument and piano. A quartet of these instruments, whose lowest note is either Middle C or a half-step below, attempt to respond to the trumpet's five-note query in Ives' The Unanswered Question. A physical property of platinum lends its name to Varese's work for this instrument solo, Density 21.5, and Walter Piston wrote a ballet about an "Incredible" player of this instrument. This transverse instrument, which supplanted the recorder, is also known for its low-register unaccompanied solo at the beginning of Debussy's Prelude To The Afternoon Of A Faun. For 10 points, name this woodwind instrument whose dimunitive relative is the piccolo.

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John Rutter wrote one of these compositions that opens with a setting of a Thomas Ken writing. Frederick Delius used passages from Also Sprach Zarathustra in his version of this form, and Leonard Bernstein, at the request of Jacqueline Kennedy, wrote a dramatized version that features many musical styles, including rock-n-roll and blues. Stravinsky wrote a "very cold" setting with only moderate instrumentation, apparently as a reaction against elaborate settings like Mozart's "Coronation" version. J.S. Bach combined several earlier compositions into his seminal setting in B minor. FTP name this musical form found in Ordinary and Proper varieties, designed to be used in Catholic worship services.

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Ludovic Halevy wrote most of the libretto for this four-act opera, though he had to share the billing with Meilhac [MY-lak]. The composer was criticized for borrowing from popular melodies, particularly the one he expropriated from Sebastian Radier for the famous Habanera. Le Remendado is a tenor and Le Dancaire is a baritone, but of course most celebrated is the titular soprano, made famous by Celestine Galli-Marie. The plot concerns the love for the heroine by both Escamillo and Don Jose, who kills her. Based on a work by Prosper Merimee, FTP, name this most famous opera of George Bizet.

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Memorable pieces of music in this opera include "Tacea la notte," "Il balen del suo sorriso," "Ai nostri monti," and the Soldiers' chorus. Set in 15th century Spain, it tells of Count di Luna's love for Duchess Leonora, who in turn is in love with the title character, the disguised Manrico. Manrico's adoptive mother, the gypsy Azucena, seeks to gain vengeance on the di Luna family for the death of her mother by involving Manrico in a plot to kill the Count, resulting in Manrico's beheading, after which it is revealed that he was the Count's brother. FTP, name this 1853 opera featuring the Anvil Chorus, composed by Giuseppe Verdi.

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Michael Haydn's requiem Pro defuncto Archiepiscopo Sigismundo was written in this key. It is the key of the first piano sonata of Karol Szymanowski and of the fourth piano sonata by Prokofiev. It is also the key of the first symphony by Brahms, as well as his Academic Festival Overture, while Mozart used it both for a Fantasia for solo piano and for an incomplete "Great" Mass. It was used for the Coriolan Overture, the Piano Sonata number 32, the Fifth Symphony, and the Piano Sonata number 8, or "Pathétique," by Beethoven. FTP, identify this key which has three flats, the relative minor of E-flat major.

Maurice Ravel

Modest Mussorgsky's Pictures at an Exhibition was originally a piano piece before it was orchestrated by this person. Because of the tonal color, harmonies, and mood of much of his music, he is often associated with the French impressionistic composer Claude Debussy. His impressionistic leanings can be heard in his orchestral suite Rhapsodie espagnole, as well as his ballet Pavane for a Dead Infanta. FTP, name this French composer of the celebrated orchestral piece Bolero.

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Most scholars believe that the composer of this work studied Michael Hadyn's Symphony No. 28 while composing this symphony. This work's "allegro vivace" first movement features the bass quietly imitating the second theme played on the violins before the orchestra quotes the composer's aria "Un Bacio de Mano", which he wrote for another composer's opera Le Gelosie Fortunate. In this symphony's "molto allegro" fourth movement the trumpets and trombones start a double fugue that climaxes when all of the themes are incorporated into a famous five-voice fugato. Given its nickname by Johann Peter Salomon, for 10 points, name this last symphony of Mozart, with a nickname of a certain Roman god.

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Much confusion has surrounded the direction senza sordini in the first movement of this musical work, whose third and final section, presto agitato, concludes with a remarkably long 43-bar coda. The composer's Opus 27, Number 2 in C-sharp minor, its most famous part is its first section, adagio sostenuto. Originally titled "Quasi una fantasia" to account for the non-traditional use of its form, it gained its nickname from a description by the poet Ludwig Rellstab involving Lake Lucerne. FTP, what is this * 14th piano sonata by Beethoven bearing a lunar name?

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Musical highlights of this opera include the duet "Libiamo," sung by the two principal characters at a party given by one of them, and the aria "Di Provenza il mar," sung to the male lead by his father, who is trying to get him to come back home so that his sister can get married. Alfredo has up to that point been doing a lot of singing about how much he loves living with the title character in spite of her sketchy past. Violetta the courtesan sings awfully loud for someone who dies of TB at the end of, for 10 points, what opera by Verdi whose title means "the fallen woman."

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Notable pieces in this opera are the aria "O muto asil" and the "Soldiers' Dance", but it is most famous for its overture. A subplot concerns Arnold's love for Matilda, but soon Arnold sees his father Melcthal executed. The villain Gessler celebrates a century of Austrian occupation in Switzerland by ordering the Swiss to kneel, and when the title figure refuses, Gessler orders him to perform his most famous feat on his son Jemmy. FTP, what is this opera by Rossini about a Swiss folk hero who shoots an apple from his son's head?

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Notable pieces in this opera include the duet "Il core vi dono," in which a character gives away a locket containing a portrait of her husband, and the aria "Come scoglio," in which the same character expresses her constancy. The opera's title comes from a line spoken by Basilio in a trio which appears in an earlier opera by the same composer. At the end of Act I, a doctor uses a large magnet to cure a poisoning, but turns out to be the maid Despina in disguise. She later presides over the final marriage scene in which Ferrando and Guglielmo, dressed as Albanians, swap their wives, Dorabella and Fiordiligi, thus fulfilling a challenge issued by Don Alfonso. FTP, name this Mozart opera whose title translates as "So do they all."

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Of his four known partsongs, Like as the doleful dove seems to be the latest, while When shall my sorrowful sighing slake was the most popular during the composer's life. His earliest surviving works are three votive antiphons in five parts, including a Salve intermerata which is one of the earliest known "parody" masses from his country. His greatest work was inspired by a similar work by Alessandro Striggio, and may have been written for the banquet hall at Nonsuch Palace, which possessed four first-floor balconies. A seven-voice work on the text "A boy is born to us" is his only known Catholic mass, as most of his works were written for monarchs before and after Queen Mary. FTP, name this English composer of Spem in alium, who also wrote a theme that inspired a fantasia by Ralph Vaughan Williams.

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On December 10, 1879, the temperature in Paris dropped to -25.6 degrees Celsius. During that severe winter, carriages were forced to operate on runners and the Seine froze over completely, providing the imagery for this composition that was published two years later. Its introduction suggests a wintry theme, gradually building to an evocation of daring leaps and falls, completed with the arrival of a sleigh to the scene. FTP, identify this most famous waltz of Emile Waldteufel.

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One character in this opera considers the freedom of the birds flying in the sky in her famous "Ballatella," "Stridono lassu." Later that character uses a whip to resist the advances of a character who plays Taddeo onstage and who warns that actors have feelings too in his prologue, "Si puo? Si puo?". In this opera's most famous aria, a character tells himself to laugh in spite of his wife's infidelity as he applies his makeup and dons his costume. In this opera, after singing "Vesti la giubba," Canio stabs his wife Nedda during a performance of the commedia dell'arte play they act in. For 10 points, name this opera by Ruggiero Leoncavallo whose title means "clowns."

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One character in this opera convinces himself of victory in the aria "Schweig! Damit dich Niemand wart," and in another scene a portrait falls from the wall, injuring the female lead. In the prologue, a hermit warns of dark days and gives another character sacred roses. One character sings "Comes a pretty boy up this path", is named Annchen, and is later dismayed at one character's dream. In a later scene another character waits impatiently and calls for Zamiel to help. Kaspar convinces the protagonist to come to the Wolf's Glen at night, and the next morning Kuno's underlings rejoice in the "Hunter's Chorus." For 10 points, name this opera where Max tries to win Agathe by using charmed bullets to ace a trial shot, a work by Carl Maria von Weber.

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One character in this opera sings of conquering lands for his beloved in an aria that begins with the line "Se quell guerrier io fossi." In its final act, the two protagonists sing the duet "O terra addio" as they are sealed in a tomb. The title character of this opera puzzles out her allegiances after mocking her rival's cry of "Ritorna vincitor." That rival begs the priests for mercy as Ramfis condemns a character that revealed the location of the army to Amonasro and is the king's daughter, Amneris. For 10 points, name this Giuseppe Verdi opera in which the Egyptian captain Radames falls in love with the title Ethiopian princess.

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One composer from this country wrote a violin fantasy on the opera Carmen. One composer from this country dedicated a five-instrument concerto to Wanda Landowska and wrote the Atlantis cantata. One composer from this country wrote a difficult four-book piano suite opening with an A-minor “evocation†of this nation, and one “symphonie†set in this country was written by Édouard Lalo. This country was the setting of a ballet in which the miller and his wife trick a magistrate. Iberia and The Three-Cornered Hat were set in, for 10 points, what country, whose classical music was composed by Manuel de Falla?

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One master of this instrument worked with Nat and Cannonball Adderley on his album Bohemia After Dark and was nicknamed "Klook". Another man who played this instrument wrote the album We Insist! â€"Freedom Now for the centennial of the Emancipation Proclamation and founded the orchestra M'Boom. In addition to Kenny Clarke and Max Roach, another master of this instrument recorded the album A Night in Birdland while leading his band the Jazz Messengers. A bandleader known for this instrument gained fame in Benny Goodman's band for playing the solo in "Sing, Sing, Sing", and Elvin Jones played it in the Coltrane Quartet. For 10 points, name this instrument played by Art Blakey, Gene Krupa, and Ringo Starr.

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One melody from this work was adapted into the hymn Thaxted, and later into "O God beyond All Praising." Its penultimate movement, featuring prominent tympani, is dominated by a repeated four-note phrase, and its fifth movement develops a pattern of two chords that sounds like a ticking clock. Its final movement contains a wordless choir, while part of the fourth inspired Cecil Spring-Rice's patriotic song "I Vow to thee my Country." Its opening movement is a distinctive rhythmic ostinato in 5/4 time, and its sections are known as the Mystic, the Magician, and The Bringer of War. For 10 points, name this suite by Gustav Holst, to which Colin Matthews added "Pluto."

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One movement in this piece is in 6/8 time and G sharp and is intended to depict a troubadour singing in front of an ancient castle. One movement of this piece depicts two French women fighting in a market in the titular city, Limoges, while another one depicts two children playing in a certain garden. Many movements of this piece are separated by promenades, while a more famous movement of this piece depicts a house suspended on chicken legs. In addition to The Tuleries Gardens, the most famous movement of this piece has its main theme interspersed with piano hymns twice, and is entitled The Great Gate at Kiev. For ten points, identify this suite of pieces inspired by Victor Hartmann, which was composed by Modest Mussorgsky.

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One of his works contains the movement "The Evil God and the Dance of Pagan Monsters" and a section depicting the sun god Ala. He evoked the 18th century with a down-bow on the strings and D-minor triad arpeggio at the start of a symphony created "as Haydn might have written it." This composer of the Scythian Suite and Classical Symphony wrote a troika in a work about the advisors of Emperor Paul, who create a fake military hero. This creator of the Lieutenant Kije Suite wrote a work in which the clarinet plays the cat and the bassoon represents the Grandfather. For 10 points, name this composer of the ballet Romeo and Juliet and Peter and the Wolf.

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One of them features a series of verses rising in vehemence and is commonly named for "the People," while another is a somber piece in E minor known as the "Funeral March." They also include a piece in E major named "Berceuse" and a work in G major titled "May Breezes," that should not be confused with a work in A major that celebrates "Spring." The last two sets of these short works were the composer's Opuses 85 and 102, respectively, while the second of them, Opus 30, was dedicated to the composer's sister, Fanny. Ultimately comprising 8 books, the more oft played pieces include the Duetto and the three Venetian Boat Songs. For 10 points, name this series of 48 works for the piano that do not feature lyrics, and were composed by Felix Mendelssohn.

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One of these features a simple yo-yo like path of three descending notes and double stops preceded by what sounds, at first, like a flute and, subsequently, like a French horn. That work, which was later interpolated in the final movement of Mendelssohn's Italian Symphony, was written in E major and nicknamed "The Hunt." Another one of these, in B flat major, is nicknamed for a mocking, descending theme that mimics a demonic chuckle. Later provided with piano accompaniment in works by Fritz Kreisler and Mario Pilati, this group of works opens with a piece marked "Andante in E" and concludes with a set of eleven variations on a twelve bar theme in A minor, that make up the 24th and final one. For 10 points, identify this series of compositions for the solo violin, the masterwork of Niccolo Paganini.

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One of these precedes a polonaise in the Opus 38 of Henri Vieuxtemps (vyu-tahm). Six of them, including one for alto saxophone and another for trombone, were written by Frank Martin. One of these for piano and orchestra is the Opus 19 of Gabriel Fauré, who also wrote one for solo piano. The Opus 9 of Franck is one, while Liszt wrote two and Grieg wrote one in G minor "in the form of variations on a Norwegian folk song." The first of them in the Opus 10 of Brahms is based on a Scottish poem, "Edward," which was translated by Herder. Brahms wrote four of them in total, as did the composer who introduced this musical form. Those original four are works in compound meter that are said to be based on poems by Adam Mickiewicz, and the first one appeared in 1836. FTP, name this type of composition, an instrumental piece with a narrative form which was pioneered by Chopin.

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One of these works finishes with a movement marked Alla breve that is preceded by a brief cadenza. Another, written while its composer was still a student, opens with portentous horn declarations and a cascade of chords meant to evoke the pealing of bells. Yet another one of them is prefaced by eight stark chords at the beginning and includes a soaring second theme in E flat. That piece, which featured an "Oriental" second subject later popularized by the song "Full Moon and Empty Arms," was completed soon after the composer began visiting the hypnotist Nikolas Dahl. Although the first one remained unfinished, by 1909 the third and final one had been completed. For 10 points, identify this set of works for a certain instrument by the composer of The Isle of the Dead.

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One of this man's compositions includes a saucy dance in which one character asks "Got any money?" after which a disheveled old man chases her around saying "All that matters is love." He wrote a symphonic poem for a former Regent-President of his country, and he wrote a piece for the Basel Chamber Orchestra called Music for Strings, Percussion and Celesta. This composer of Kossuth and The Miraculous Mandolin also wrote a five-movement Concerto for Orchestra and an opera about Judith, who insists that the title character open the doors of his palace. For 10 points, name this Hungarian composer of the opera Duke Bluebeard's Castle.

The Market," "Bydlo," and "Two Jews, Rich and Poor," each of which is accompanied by a promenade. The piece culminates with the penultimate movement, "The Hut on Fowl's Legs," followed by "The Great Gate at Kiev." FTP name this suite based on a set of paintings by Victor Hartmann, a work of Modest Mussorgsky.

One section of this work is based on designs for costumes for children dressed as canaries that would have been featured in the ballet Trilbi. The second movement comes from a nutcracker in the shape of a gnome, while the fourth is dominated by a sustained bass that is heard constantly while the primary tune plays above. That movement, "The Old Castle," accompanies such sections as "Limoges

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One work by this composer is considered one of the most technically demanding of its kind and has a notable second movement with quick glissandi, but ends in its fourth with an unusual use of the rare Locrian mode. This man's other compositions include an E-minor work dedicated to Rostropovich, and a suite that contains a movement entitled “The Glorious Departure of Lolli and the Cortège of the Sun.†Besides his Symphony-Concerto and Scythian Suite, he also composed a piece commissioned by Paul Wittgenstein, as well as a ballet containing the movement “Dance of the Knights,†and a suite with a bell-filled Troika movement. He imitated Haydn in his Classical Symphony. For 10 points, name this Russian composer of The Love for Three Oranges and the Lieutenant Kije suite.

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One work in this note's major key uses cyclical form and was written for Eugene Ysaye by César Franck, his Violin Sonata. A work in this key by Beethoven has an allegretto second movement with a motif based around a repeating pattern of quarter-eighth-eighth-quarter-quarter, centered on E. This note's major key is the relative major of F-sharp minor, and the key of Beethoven's Kreutzer Sonata and Seventh Symphony. This note's (*) minor key has no accidentals, and is the key of Grieg's Piano Concerto. For 10 points, an orchestra often tunes to the oboe playing this pitch at 440 Hz, the pitch between G-sharp and B-flat.

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Only the lament of his Arianna survives. He created the "excited style" which is displayed in his The Combat of Tancredi and Clorinda, and his most notable example of sacred work was the Vesprodella Beata Virgine. A longtime maestro di cappella at St. Luke's, he was employed by Gonzaga family of Mantua during his early career. His two most noted works concern a Roman emperor's casting off of his wife Ottavia and marriage to his mistress and a musician descending into the Underworld. FTP, identify this originator of the opera who composed The Coronation of Poppaea and Orfeo.

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Originally a violin player he visited Russia on a tour and ended up staying to study with Rimsky-Korsakoff. His American trips inspired such works as Brazilian Impressions, while his time at St. Cecilia's produced Church Windows, The Birds, and Three Pictures by Botticelli. Operatic works include the children's piece Sleeping Beauty, Belfagor, and The Sunken Bell. Works like the Ancient Airs and Dances for lute saw him exploring the traditions of his native Italy, one of whose major cities inspired his best known pieces. FTP identify this composer of two symphonic poems that contain sections like "The Catacombs" and "The Appian Way," The Pines of Rome and The Fountains of Rome.

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Other works that share its name include a setting of Guinaud's poetry by De Joncieres, an 1889 fantasy by Glazunov inspired by Liszt's tone poems, and an orchestral work prefaced by the poems of Levis, written by Gilson. These works, along with D'Indy's L'Etranger, helped inspire this piece. The first edition manuscript given to Varèse includes brass fanfares that were later removed from the third section, a dialogue between the wind and the title setting. Proceeding "from dawn to noon" in the first movement, FTP name this Debussy piece whose second movement depicts the "play of the waves."

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Part 1 of this work, which was originally meant to have a section called "Christmas games with the Christ child," opens with an allegro impetuoso whose polyphony was inspired by the composer's recent studies of Bach and features a notable trombone motif. The "Eternal-Feminine" section of its 2nd part was admired when it premiered, and follows a section featuring Doctor Marianus while preceding an instrumental coda of the first part, a setting of the Latin hymn "Veni, creator spiritus." For 10 points, identify this work whose second part is a setting of the final scene of Faust, the eighth symphony by Mahler, nicknamed for the large number of musicians who performed it.

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Paul Gaugain compared this piece to "the somber harmonies of brown and dull violet in Delacroix." The twelfth measure of this piece's first movement changes to a bright "Allegro di molto e con brio" in cut time, after it opens with the tempo marking "Grave" over a richly scored C minor chord. Its third movement, a Rondo: Allegro, returns to C minor, after the A flat minor of its second movement, a flowing Adagio Cantabile. It shares its name with a symphony whose second movement contains an unusual waltz in 5/4 time. For 10 points, identify this piano sonata, the eighth by Beethoven, which its name with Tchaikovsky's sixth symphony.

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Performer Vladimir von Pachmann devoted his entire career to playing this man's pieces, while John Field was one inspiration for his works and Cornel Wilde was nominated for an Oscar after portraying him in A Song to Remember. After studying music theory under Joseph Elsner, his notable works included the Berceuse, the Ballade in G Minor and the Fantaisie-Impromptu. His Barcarolle and Ballade in A-flat Major were written at Nohant after leaving Majorca. FTP, name this composer of 21 nocturnes, 55 mazurkas, and 6 polonaises, a prolific French-dwelling piano composer from Poland.

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Piano works by this composer include "In the Mists," as well as a concertino for piano, horn, clarinet, and chamber strings, a series of short pieces like "Reminiscence" and "Malostransky Palace," and a sonata nicknamed 1.X.1905. A "Pilky" and a "Pozehnany" are two of the six Lachian Dances composed by this man, who drew his song cycle, The Diary of One Who Disappeared, from a poem by Josef Kalda. The famous "Sokol Fanfare" opens the nationalistic Sinfonietta of this man, whose two string quartets are nicknamed Intimate Letters and the Kreutzer Sonata. Remembered primarily as an operatic composer for works like Katia Kabanova, and an opera adapted from a play by Karel Capek, this is, FTP, which Czech composer of The Makropoulos Case, who also composed the music for Jenufa?

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Pieces sharing this name include the concerto in F sharp minor of Heinrich Ernst, which was a staple of the 19th century violin repertoire, and one of the last works of Frederic Kuhlau, his Allegro in C for two pianists. Liszt wrote a concerto with this name, and it identifies the seventh piano concerto of Ignaz Moscheles. One of the most famous works with this name is a composition that may be the most successful piece of its composer's "C minor mood," a work dedicated to Prince Lichnowsky. The other most famous work with this sobriquet was written in 1893, and premiered ten days before the composer died of cholera. FTP, give this common musical nickname which identifies Beethoven's eighth piano sonata and Tchaikovsky's sixth symphony.

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Popular excerpts from this opera include the duet Ah! l'honnête homme! and En vain j'espère un sort prospère. The villain, revealed to be the title character's father, sinks into the earth at the end after Alice aids the title character in attaining his love. Set in Palermo, it begins with Raimbaut singing a ballad of marriage to the title character, who must win the Princess Isabelle at a tournament. The climax of this opera occurs when dead nuns rise from their graves and assist the title character in stopping the Prince of Granada. FTP, identify this opera about a Norman king by Giacomo Meyerbeer.

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Questa o quella is a notworthy aria in this opera, one of the few post-1830's operas to feature the baritone as the chief protagonist. The action is driven by a curse placed by Monterone on the protagonist, who is soon approached by the assassin Sparafucile, who is soon paid to kill the libertine Duke of Mantua. However, Maddalena falls for the duke and has Sparafucile spare him, after which he mistakenly kills Gilda, the protagonist's daughter. Featuring the aria La donne e mobile, FTP, what is this opera about a court jester by Verdi?

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Roberto Gerard's is nicknamed "Collages," and a better known one features a soloist singing from the Polish Songs of Lysagora. That one, by Henryk Gorecki, is nicknamed * "Symphony of Sorrowful Songs," while Camille Saint-Saens' is commonly known as "Organ." The best-known work of this number was completed in 1804 and was initially composed "In Memory of a Great Man." FTP, give the common number of these symphonies, the last of which was once dedicated to Napoleon by its composer Beethoven and is commonly known as "Eroica."

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Ross Gorman improvised the music that begins this work as a gag, but the composer liked it enough to keep it. Commissioned by Paul Whiteman for a concert called "An Experiment in Modern Music," it opens with the aforementioned glissando for clarinet that many classical soloists have trouble performing. There are two orchestrations by Ferde Grofe, a later one for a full orchestra and an original for a jazz band. FTP, name this work that melds jazz and classical styles, a popular piano concerto by George Gershwin.

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Schindler described the composer's state as Erdenentrucktheit, translated as "oblivion of everything earthly," while he was composing this work, which was created for Archduke Rudolph's installation as Archbishop of Olmutz. The work contains a break in style from the first part to the second as the Kyrie and Gloria are written in the more classical style of "true church music," whereas the Credo, Sanctus, and Agnus Dei have more dramatic elements, which are not part of traditional religious music. FTP, name this sacred mass by Beethoven

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Section 13 of this work is the only one without a title; though a quote within it from Mendelssohn's Calm Sea and Prosperous Voyage implies that the person was on a sea voyage. Section 4 features a door slamming, a tribute to the composer's friend, William Baker. Section 5 was inspired by the nervous laughter of Richard Arnold, son of the poet Matthew. The most famous section was inspired by a nighttime walk with the composer's best friend August Jaeger, and is titled "Nimrod." The first represents the composer's wife and the last represents the composer in this series of 14 vignettes. FTP, identify this set of variations for orchestra, written by Edward Elgar and so-named because of their puzzling meaning.

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Sensing his impending death, the only tenor in this opera bids his mother farewell with the aria "Addio alla madre," which comes not long after the drinking song, "Viva il vino." Mamma Lucia first learns of her son's affair from the aria, "Voi lo sapete," after which she runs into church and the ongoing Easter services. Following Lucia's exit, Santuzza argues with her lover and the subject of his new love, Lola. Passions over these women ultimately results in a duel in which Alfio kills Turiddu. Based on a story by Verga, FTP, name this epitome of verismo opera by Pietro Mascagni.

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Several of his early works, including such operas as Cleonice, Demofoonte, and Artaserse, were written with librettist Pietro Metastasio. He had begun composing an opera based on the Song of Roland, but the discovery that Niccolo Piccini was given the same libretto to work on sparked a rivalry in the Parisian press and motivated him to compose Armide. Collaboration with the librettist Calzabigi resulted in the composition of the ballets Semiramide and Don Juan, as well as an opera featuring the "Dance of the Blessed Spirits" and another in whose preface he declared his intent to "restrict music to its true office of serving poetry." FTP, identify this German classical composer of "reform" operas such as Alceste and Orfeo et Euridice.

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Shortly before his death this composer wrote a third opera, entitled The Bigamist, while his songs include The Toasting Cup, The Gulf of Finland, "Where is our rose?", and "I recall a wonderful moment". Several trips to Spain influenced his First and Second Spanish Overtures, but he is better known for works related to his native land, including his opera Ruslan and Ludmilla and a work originally titled Ivan Susanin. FTP, who is this father of Russian classical music best-known for his first opera, A Life For the Tsar?

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Shortly before the composition of this piece, the composer was diagnosed with having a valvular malformation of the heart, and his eldest daughter "Putzi" had earlier died of scarlet fever. Unlike a normal symphony, it contains six movements including The Farewell, Drunk in Spring, and Autumn Loneliness, all of which contain voice parts. Its composer was prompted to write it after his discovery of Hans Bethge's The Chinese Flute, a collection of poems adapted from the original Chinese. FTP name this piece, which Gustav Mahler did not call a symphony because it would have been his ninth.

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Sibelius's Seventh Symphony was the basis for this composer's Symphony in One Movement, while selections from The Unchangeableness of God can be found in his Prayers of Kierkegaard. The poem "Prometheus Bound" was the basis for the tone poem Music for a Scene from Shelley written by this composer, who used a flurry of two-note cells leading to a trill to open his Overture to The School for Scandal. This composer of two Essays for Orchestra wrote about Erika and the title character waiting for Anatol in his opera Vanessa, but he may be best remembered for a work which is based on a passage from Vergil's Georgics. FTP, name this American composer of Adagio for Strings.

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Singing "Avant de quitter ces lieux" in the second act of this opera, an officer entrusts his sister to the care of Siebel. In the fourth act, after returning singing "Gloire immortelle," that officer duels with the title character and in the last act, the title character and his love sing "Oui, c'est toi que j'aime." The Tintin character Bianca often sings the Jewel Aria from this opera, the third act of which features a ballad about the King of Thule sung by the main female character at a spinning wheel. That character, Marguerite, appears in a vision for the title character in the first act. FTP, identify this opera beginning with the gift of a magic potion of youth and about a deal with Mephistopheles; the masterpiece of Charles Gounod.

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Some of the characters in this opera discuss the future in the song "Alta cagion v'aduna," while later, one character instructs antoher to be more modest in "Vieni: sul crin ti piovano." Other notable music in this opera includes the ball scene in the second act, while a returning army is depicted in the Triumphal March. The title character is compared to Celeste in one aria, while others include "Ritorna vincitor," and "O Patria Mia." In an excised scene, the title character meets another character in a tomb, where that man had been sealed as part of his punishment for defying the ruler. Amneris complicates matters in this play by falling in love with Radames, the son of the Pharaoh. For ten points, name this opera about the titular Ethiopian princess, which was written by Giuseppe Verdi.

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Starting out with the Queen City Cornet band, his first published works were songs like Please Say you Will . John Stark published one third of his works including Cascades which was performed at the St.Louis World's Fair, and The Strenuous Life which celebrated the life of Teddy Roosevelt. Roosevelt would reappear, along with Booker T Washington, in the opera Guest Of Honor , but it is for a certain style of piano music rarely exceeding 68 bars with names like: Roseleaf , Sunflower , and Maple Leaf , that he is best known. FTP identify this composer of rags like The Entertainer and the opera Treemonisha .

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Such pieces as "Tribute to Roberto Garcia Morillo" and "In the First Pentatonic Minor Mode" constitute the 12 "American" ones by Alberto Ginastera. 25 of them constitute the Opus 64 of César Cui, while 13 of them comprise the Opus 32 of Sergei Rachmaninov. Others include "The Canopic Jar," "Dancers of Delphi," and "The Sunken Cathedral," which appear in the two books of them written by Claude Debussy. A more famous group of them ends in D minor after beginning in C major, and includes one known as the "Raindrop." FTP, name this type of composition that constitutes the Opus 28 of Chopin, and which is paired with fugues in The Well-Tempered Clavier.

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Taught by his musicologist father, this performer gave his first public concert in Paris at the age of 6. Studing under Leonard Rose at Julliard, he is known for his many groundbreaking recording with the pianist Emanuel Ax, and received the prestigious Avery Fisher Prize in 1978, although in recent years he has professed a desire to give up his most famous instrument for the accordian. Known for his wide reportoire and combination of technical virtuosity and lyrical expression, FTP, who is this famous cellist?

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Ten years after its premiere, the composer made a piano arrangement of "three movements" from this work, including a "Russian Dance" and a piece set in the title character's room. The fourth scene features the "Dance of the Bear and the Peasant" as well as the "Dance of the Coachmen and Grooms." Scene one is set at the Shrovetide Fair, where a showman plays a flute to three characters. In scene three, the villain begins worshipping a cocoanut after he is unable to crack it with his scimitar. That villain, the Blackamoor, murders the title character because of their rivalry over the Ballerina, and in the end the title character's ghost appears above the theater. FTP, name this 1911 ballet by Igor Stravinsky about a puppet.

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The "Children's Chorus" is a feature of this opera, whose "Card Trio" is sung while the title figure draws the ace of spades, symbolizing her impending death. Act II opens at the inn of Lillas Pastia, where the title figure is introduced to Escamillo, leading to a rivalry for her between Escamillo and a corporal who throws away his career and his relationship with the chaste Micaela, and who kills the protagonist when she rejects him for the bullfighter. FTP, what is this opera about a gypsy employed in a cigarette factory, the masterpiece of Georges Bizet?

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The 1914 staging of this opera had a set designed by Natalia Gonchorova that contrasted with the production designed by Ivan Bilibin. With a libretto by V.I. Belsky, the most often performed part is "Hymn to the Sun." In the epilogue, the eunuch Astrologer returns to life to assure the audience that he and the Queen are the only mortals. The body count includes the death of the Tsar's two sons, as well as the Astrologer, who requests the hand of the Queen of Shemakha. Based on a Pushkin story, FTP, name this Rimsky-Korsakov opera in which revenge is taken against Tsar Dodon by the titular bird.

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The E major tempo d'attacco of this opera's Act III duet is followed by a cantabile in A-flat major and the C major cabaletta "Gran Dio! morir si giovane," and that cantabile is called "Parigi, o cara." A melody first heard in an Act I duet on the words "Di quell'amor ch'è palpito" reappears several times, once in the orchestra as the heroine reads a letter from her lover's father, once interrupting her cabaletta "Sempre libera," and once sung by the heroine herself in "Ah! fors'è lui." That act I duet, "Un di felice, eterea" is not as famous as the brindisi "Libiamo ne' lieti calici." FTP, identify this opera about the love between Alfredo and the title "fallen woman," Violetta, a work of Giuseppe Verdi.

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The Fughetta section of this musical work alludes to JS Bach's Clavierubung, its 22nd variation is based upon "Notte e giorno faticar" from Don Giovanni, and its 33rd and final variation makes reference to the "Arietta" movement of the composer's own 32nd piano sonata. Written in C major, the most important musical reference is the frequently pariodied waltz theme which serves as the basis for this set of variations, inspired when a Viennese music publisher circulated a waltz of his own invention to 50 composers, each of whom was requested to contribute a variation to a collective project. FTP, name this set of variations by Ludwig van Beethoven.

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The Latin Mass is the source of the titles of this composer's third symphony of this composer, who also wrote incidental music for a play by Rene Morax. This composer of A Christmas Cantata created a piece for solo flute for the play Dance of the Goat. This man's Amphion contains the notable Prelude, Fugue, and Postlude, and his Summer Pastoral was written for chamber orchestra. He collaborated with Ibert on his opera L'Aiglon, while Ida Rubinstein commissioned his Joan of Arc at the Stake. This critic of Satie collaborated with Cocteau on the opera Antigone, while his best known work is paired with Rugby and Mouvement Symphonique No. 3 and imitates the sound of a locomotive. For 10 points, name this member of Les Six, best known as the composer of Pacific 231.

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The Minuet in this work features a trio that, unlike many of the composer's other pieces, is not self-contained. This is followed by the finale marked Spiritoso that, oddly enough, treats a Croatian folk song. The Adagio introduction is monumental, but shifts to a wistful Allegro D major marking that could be a farewell to foreign fans. Written during the composer's second stay in the title location, it is part of a twelve-work cycle alternately called the "Salomon" symphonies. FTP, identify this work, #104, Franz Joseph Haydn's final symphony named for a certain British city.

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The action centers around a young soldier whose mother keeps a wineshop in the village square. When he went away to serve in the army he was betrothed to Lola, but on his return he found her married to Alfio, the teamster. The soldier, Turiddu, having thus lost Lola, consoled himself by making love to another village girl, Santuzza. Before long he betrayed, then abandoned her, transferring his affections back to Lola. Alfio kills Turiddu in a duel and Mamma Lucia and Santuzza faint. This summarizes the action in, FTP, what 1890 opera by Pietro Mascagni?

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The aria "Di provenza il mar" is sung by one character in this opera to comfort his son, whose love for the title character was first admitted to her by Gastoné de Letorières in Act I. Later, the title character's new husband, the Baron Dauphol, becomes infuriated with the gambling successes of Giorgio Germont's son, who misunderstands the title character's warnings and storms off. Earlier, the duet "Libiamo" is sung at the opening party by Alfredo and the object of his affection, the titular courtesan. For 10 points, name this opera in which Violetta eventually dies of consumption, a work by Giuseppe Verdi.

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The beginning of this composition sees the strings play col legno a rhythmic ostinato that consists of an eighth-note triplet, two quarter notes, two eighth notes and then another quarter note. The main melody of this piece is carried for the majority of the piece by the brass section, and it climaxes with a shift into 5/2 meter on a dissonant quadruple forte chord. As part of a suite containing seven pieces, this piece in 5/4 time is contrasted with the calmer last movement, which is subtitled “The Mystic.†For 10 points, name this first movement of Gustav Holst's The Planets, subtitled “The Bringer of War.â€Â

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The cantata The Heirs of White Mountain triggered fame in his homeland for this composer, whose Carnival Overture formed part of his Nature, Life, and Love trilogy. In England, Joseph Barnby introduced his Stabat Mater, the first religious piece by this composer. His only violin concerto was premiered by Joachim after that of Brahms. He composed a work whose six movements is each a “fleeting thought.†A premiere by Victor Herbert convinced this composer to compose his second cello concerto in B minor, while time spent in Iowa convinced this composer of the American quartet, The Bells of Zlonice symphony, and the Dumky Trio to explore folk tunes in his ninth symphony. For 10 points, name this Czech composer who composed a symphony From the New World.

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The cantata The Lovers was completed late in his career, Hermit Songs was first sung by Leontyne Price, while his work Knoxville was inspired by James Agee. He premiered a setting of Dover Beach on NBC in 1935 and spent some time in the early 1950s composing ballets including, Souvenirs and Medea's Meditation , but he found greater acclaim for choral works like Prayers of Kierkegaard and the opera Vanessa . FTP identify this composer of 2 symphonies, famed for The Rose Tree , the Capricorn Concerto and the Adagio for Strings .

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The clarinets precede the violins in expressing fragments of the march theme of the third movement of this work, while its ending portrays the process of dying as the orchestra fades to having only the cellos and basses play. The trombones quote from the Russian Orthodox Mass of the Dead in the first movement of this work, whose second movement is uncharacteristically in 5/4 ["five four"] time. Originally called A Programmatic Symphony, it sometimes uses a bass clarinet to play a four-note bassoon solo midway through its first movement since it is marked with six p's. The end of the third movement is often mistaken for the end of this B minor work, whose name was given by the composer's brother, Modest. For 10 points, give the name of the sixth and final Tchaikovsky symphony.

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The composer claimed that much of it was modeled after Totentanz by Liszt. The main instrument in the 19th part is marked quasi pizzicato, modeled on the technique of its subject. The minuet in the 12th section is the first appearance of a woman, following a long stretch concentrating on the evil spirit. Written for solo piano and orchestra, it tells of troubles with the church, a love affair, and the selling of one's soul to the devil; all composed 96 years after its subject's death in 1840. FTP, name this series of 24 variations composed by Rachmaninov in honor of a famous Italian violin virtuoso.

Gilda - trots on through and is slain. FTP, name her father, a court jester, and you've named this Giuseppe Verdi classic.

The curse of Count Monterone resonates throughout this opera, both opening and closing the action. In between, the title character pays Sparafucile to kill the Duke of Mantua, but the assassin instead decides to kill the first person that walks in the door. Unfortunately for the conspirator who planned the assassination, his own daughter

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The director of the Netherlands Opera asked its composer to write a "real" opera, and it debuted in Rotterdam in 1980. Famous songs in it include The Kuru Field of Justice and Indian Opinion, and the main character is visited by spiritual guardians including Arjuna and Krishna in the opening, Tolstoy in Act I, Tagore in Act II, and Martin Luther King in Act III. They watch over the main character as he fights to repeal the Black Act in South Africa. FTP, name this Phillip Glass opera about Gandhi that takes its name from the Sanskrit word for nonviolence.

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The events of this opera follow from the sickness of Garzia and burning of a woman, whose daughter accidentally throws her own baby in the same fire. That story is told to retainers by the captain of the guard in "Abbietta zingara". The Count and Troubador decide to duel soon after singing "Di geloso amor spezzato" with their love Leonora, who faints to end Act I. The second act opens with the "Vedi! le fosche notturne spoglie". Ferrando later captures the Gypsy woman who had burned her child, and her supposed son holds Leonora as she dies from taking poison. For 10 points, name this Verdi opera about Manrico, Azucena, and the Count Di Luna, which contains the Anvil Chorus.

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The figure of Music appears in the prologue to introduce the work. At the beginning of Act 5, the main character takes comfort from Echo in the fields of Thrace after Sylvia brings bad news. The "possente spirto" aria is an attempt to sway the will of Charon, and Apollo comes down from heaven at the end of Act 5 to take the title character away so that he can look upon his deceased forever in the stars. It has a libretto by Alessandro Striggio based on Ovid's Metamorphoses and Virgil's Georgics. FTP, name this 1607 pioneering opera about the love of the titular musician for Eurydice, a work by Monteverdi.

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The final movement of this work features a coda that us described as "the tail that wags the dog." In the second movement the cello section is divided with two cellos playing muted instruments representing dripping water, while the rest of the section joins the double basses in playing pizzicato. A trio appears twice and is interrupted by a 2/4 scherzo each time in the third movement depicting a peasants' dance, and a cadenza featuring the oboe, flute, and clarinet represents bird songs in the second movement subtitled, "By a Brook." For 10 points, name symphony in F Major inspired by country life by Beethoven.

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The first act of this opera sees an Italian tenor perform the aria “Di rigori armato†for one of the central characters until he is interrupted by another character's heated argument with an attorney over wedding gift etiquette. Three central characters sing the third act trio “Hab' mir's gelobt†in this opera, which opens with one character hiding from the chocolate-bearing servant Mohammed. A male character courts the antagonist of this opera in the guise of the servant girl Mariandel. After helping trick Baron Ochs into releasing his engagement, the aging Marschallin allows Octavian to pursue the younger Sophie. For 10 points, name this opera in which Octavian falls in love with Sophie after ritually presenting her with the title flower on behalf of Baron Ochs, a comic opera by Richard Strauss.

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The form was brought to France by Antoine Charpentier, although Berlioz's Infancy of Christ is the most famous French one. Recent examples include Krzysztof Penderecki's Saint Luke Passion, and Liszt worked in this form to create Christus and The Legend of Saint Elizabeth. Other examples include Beethoven's Christ on the Mount of Olives, Elgar's Dream of Gerontius, Mendelssohn's Elijah, and Haydn's Creation. FTP, name this form consisting of a two-act dramatic vocal and orchestral rendition of a sacred subject, a form often associated with Georg Handel.

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The hero of this opera manages to find some unusual allies in the form of the Good Magician Finn, who warns him of the power of a sorceress working against him, his former rival Ratlaf, who ceases to compete with him when finds true love with his slave-girl Gorislava, and a giant head, who gives him the sword and the know-how to defeat the evil dwarf that has captured his beloved. Ranged against him are the bumbling Varangian Farlaf, the sorceress Naina, and Chernomor, who has captured and put to sleep the daughter of Svetozar, his future bride. Such are the adventures of the main character of, FTP, what Pushkin-inspired opera, perhaps the best known of Mikhail Glinka?

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The horns play his sad theme, and he is the principal attraction at a carnival in a public square in Saint Petersburg. He is in love with a ballerina who hates him and loves a handsomely attired Moor. When he interrupts the Moors flirting, the Moor kills him, and the crowd erupts in anger, quieted only when a policeman reminds everyone that the victim is, after all, only a puppet. For ten points, identify this title character, first danced by Waslaw Nijinsky, in a 1911 ballet by Igor Stravinsky.

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The libretto was compiled by a postal clerk, Christian Friedrich Henrici. Well known portions include the alto solo, "Grief and Pain" and the tenor aria with chorus, "O Grief, There Throbs the Racked and Bleeding Heart." Perhaps the most famous section is the closing chorus, "In Deepest Grief We Sit Here Weeping", though also popular is the soprano aria "My Savior Now is Dying from Love Unbounded." Unlike the composer's previous work with a similar theme, this piece provides an instrumental background for Jesus' words alone, distinguishing them from the other recitatives. Famously revived in 1829 by Felix Mendelssohn, FTP, name this grand religious composition by J.S. Bach.

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The main theme of this opera's orchestral prelude is the hero's first-act love song, "La rivedro." It is during an attack by Samuel and Tommaso that the central deception is revealed. This happens after a series of revelations at the hut of the suspected witch Ulrica. Finally, Renato discovers that his wife, Amelia, loves his best friend, Ricardo, and hatches a murderous plot. Its setting was shifted from the original locale of Sweden during the period of Gustavus III's assassination at the title event. FTP, name this opera set in Boston and composed by Giuseppe Verdi.

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The manic sexual desires of the title nun are the subject of this composer's opera Sancta Susanna, while Thorton Wilder collaborated with him on his tragicomedy about the Bayard family, The Long Christmas Dinner. His use of a non-diatonic system was detailed in The Craft of Musical Composition and applied in his piano piece Ludus Tonalis. The composer of a viola concerto whose title means "The Swan-Turner," he took a suggestion to write Symphonic Metamorphoses on Themes of Weber. For 10 points, name this German composer of the requiem When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom'd and an opera about the painter of the Isenheim altarpiece, Mathis der Maler.

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The one by Henry Cowell includes such movements as "Repression" and "Liberation," and is nicknamed the "Anthropos." The one by Philip Glass opens with an English horn introduction, and is a follow-up to a work based on the David Bowie album Low. The one by Sibelius is written in D major and based upon themes originally composed for a tone poem based on The Divine Comedy. The one by John Corigliano won the Pulitzer Prize in 2001. The one by Brahms was also written in D major, and features two movements written in waltz time. An important one written in Heligenstadt replaced the usual Minuet in the third movement with a Scherzo. FTP, give the number shared by these symphonic works, including one by Beethoven which preceded the Eroica and Mahler's Resurrection.

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The opening theme borrows from Poulenc's Mouvements Perpetuels, but the central "slow walk" section proves more memorable in this concerto written in F. In the second part, the setting of the sun is depicted by a solo violin cadenza followed by the famous trumpet "blues" passage, which leads into a saxophone-rich conclusion. The first part contrasts symphonic depictions of car horns with more peaceful passages while the concluding "Postlude: Memories" contains excerpts from the entire work. FTP, name this Gershwin piece depicting an expatriate in a certain city.

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The opening theme is reprised in "Con mortuis in lingua mortis," which is the only part not drawn from the same source as the others. Other sections include "The Ballet of the Chicks in Their Shells" and "Il vecchio castello." More famous are the musical depictions of the rich and poor "Two Polish Jews;" the quarreling French market women in "The Marketplace at Limoges;" and the ox-drawn cart in "Bydlo." In its most famous orchestration the solo passage in the Old Castle is played by an alto saxophone, and the opening Promenade is given to a trumpet. Culminating in "The Great Gate of Kiev," it was inspired by a showing of water colors and drawings by Victor Hartmann. FTP, name this piano suite of Mussorgsky's, famously orchestrated by Ravel.

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The parts of this work include nine canons and, in the penultimate section, a quodlibet. It begins and ends with an aria, "Sarabande," which is found in the 1725 notebook of the composer's wife Anna Magdalena. Originally published as the fourth volume of Clavier-Ubung, its current name dates from a biography by Johann Forkel, who revealed that it was composed to alleviate the insomnia of its patron, Count Keyserling. Consisting of 32 sections and famously performed in 1955 by Glenn Gould, FTP, name this 1741 harpsichord work by Johann Sebastian Bach.

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The piano is instructed to play "blue-orange chords" in the second movement while the third movement is a clarinet solo depicting an "abyss." Among its eight total movements are "dance of fury, for the seven trumpets," despite the lack of any trumpets in the score. It begins with a depiction of birds waking up at three in the morning in the "liturgy of crystal" and includes "praises" to the "immortality" and "eternity" of Jesus. Originally performed by Henri Akoka on clarinet, Étienne Pasquier on cello, and Jean Le Boulaire on violin along with the composer on piano, it is based on an announcement by an angel in chapter ten of Revelation. FTP, name this piece written at the Görlitz concentration camp by Olivier Messiaen.

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The principal theme of this musical work is used in second movement of Verdi's Manzoni Requiem, in Berlioz's Symphanie Fantasique, and in the third movement of Mozart's Requiem. Probably composed by Thomas of Celano, it is based on the Vulgate version of Joel 2:31, and is used in the mass for the dead and on All Souls' Day. A medieval hymn on the Last Judgement. FTP, name this famous hymn whose name is Latin for "Day of Wrath."

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The section entitled "Dorabella" simulates the hesitancy of speech of a lady named Miss Penny, while "B.G.N." contains a famous cello solo. The 11th part was inspired by a swimming bulldog; the 5th paid tribute to the son of Matthew Arnold; and the 14th depicted the composer himself. Some have proposed Auld Lang Syne as the "hidden" theme indicated to be in it by the composer, who achieved his first success with the work. FTP, what is this set of variations on an original theme of Edward Elgar, named for their inscrutable nature?

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The songs “But who may abide†and “How beautiful are the feet†were changed after the premiere of this piece, which was debuted in London along with its composer's piece Samson. It was based on text prepared by Charles Jennens. It is split into three sections, which depict the Annunciation, the Passion, and the Aftermath. This work includes the aria “I know that my redeemer liveth†and a section that inspired King George II to stand, the “Hallelujah Chorus.†For 10 points, name this oratorio composed in 1741 by George Frederic Handel.

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The tenth, written in E major, attempts to imitate the sound of a cimbalom through use of fast arpeggios and tremolos. The fourth was written in D minor and designated Lento A Capriccio, while the first of them was written in F minor and designated Lento Quasi Marcia Funebre. The Horowitz transcription of its last disregards much of the lassan section. Entitled Rakoczy March, this fifteenth section is not as famous as the second in D minor, which most may recognize from cartoons. FTP, identify this series of fifteen sketches based on Gypsy music by Franz Liszt.

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The theme was first embodied in murals and a poem in Paris's Church of the Holy Innocents before the crowning of King Charles VII. In 1485, the painter Guyot Marchant published a version in woodcuts and verse which circulated throughout Europe. Musical versions appear in the work of Liszt and Saint-Saens, and a set of forty drawings on the subject was executed by Hans Holbein the Younger. FTP name this theme based on the popular belief that the dead rose as skeletons from their graves to tempt the living into a fatal dance.

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The third of nine of them written in 1992 by modernist Belgian composer Boudewijn Buckinx is only 40 seconds long. Tchaikovsky's was reworked into his third piano concerto and features a notable Allegro brillante, while Mahler composed one with an Allegro moderato known as Purgatorio that was worked into a "performing version" by musicologist Derek Cooke. The most famous one features two movements, an Allegro moderato in B minor and an Andante con moto in E major, and concludes with a B minor scherzo fragment. FTP, give this shared name of these symphonies, the most notable of which is Schubert's eighth, which has inspired several reconstructed endings.

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The time when this composer heard a flute player repeat a four note theme for two and a half hours inspired his orchestral suite "Beni Mora", while the works of Keats were the basis for his "First Choral Symphony". A symphony trombonist, he developed an austere style in works like "Egdon Heath" and the opera "At the Boar's Head", and gained acclaim for the "St Paul's Suite" and the operas "The Perfect Fool" and "Savitri", the latter of which stemmed from an interest in Hindu themes that prompted him to learn Sanskrit. FTP, who is this British composer probably best known for a seven-part orchestral suite entitled "The Planets"?

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The unusual instrumentation required for this work was inspired by Johann Hummel's earlier work in the same form. It begins with a long sonata-allegro and, as it continues, an andante is followed by a "dance poem" containing Austrian folk tunes. Commissioned as a piece of Hausmusik by Sylvester Paumgartner during the composer's stay in Steyr, it ends with an energetic Hungarian style finale that sets off the fourth movement's variations on the title song. FTP identify this 1819 composition for strings and piano, a quintet by Franz Schubert

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The violin represents the moonlight, while the woman's speech is rendered on the violin and the man's on the cello. Set in a cold grove, it depicts the woman's confession that she is bearing another man's child and his response that they will raise it together. Originally scored as a string sextet, it is based on a poem by Richard Dehmel. FTP, what is this pioneering atonal work, the opus 4 of Arnold Schoenberg?

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There were about three hundred of them, or five annual cycles of sixty each, but only about one hundred ninety remain. Most of them were written between 1723, when their composer became Kantor at the Saint Thomas School in Leipzig, and 1730, a period when he also wrote the Magnificat and the Saint John's Passion. Performed before the sermon and based on the day's Gospel text, FTP, name this group of choral compositions by Johann Sebastian Bach.

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They are often heard today in an arrangement for modern orchestra by Bernardino Molinari. They appear as the first works in the composer's Opus 8, collectively known as The Trial of Harmony and Invention, and the composer wrote sonnets for each of them which explain the program of the music. FTP, identify this group of four concerti grossi, which depict birds singing, a hunting scene, and a walk on ice, the most famous works of Antonio Vivaldi.

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This advocate of Simon Sechter's counterpoint system dedicated his fifth symphony to education minister Carl Stremayr. This composer of the "Study Symphony" also created the "Symphony of Rests" and attempted a choral work entirely in Lydian mode, Os Justi. A complete edition of his masses and symphonies was commissioned from Robert Haas. His admirer Hans Richter conducted the premiers of his 8th symphony and his 4th symphony, whose third-movement Scherzo depicts a hunting scene. FTP name this Austrian devotee of Wagner who penned a "Romantic" symphony.

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This composer adapted one of Pushkin's Little Tragedies in an opera in which a priest admonishes youngsters to honor the dead caused by a recent cataclysm. In addition to Feast in the Time of Plague, he wrote an opera based on a tragedy by Heinrich Heine, William Ratcliff, and composed versions of Puss and Boots, Ivan the Fool, and Little Red Riding Hood for children. In another of his operas, the title character falls in love with Fatima, who ultimately commits suicide. For 10 points, name this Russian composer of The Prisoner of the Caucasus, a member of the Mighty Five along with Balakirev, Mussorgsky, Borodin, and Rimsky-Korsakov.

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This composer alternated E-flat major and minor chords to simulate questions and answers in the last of his three piano preludes. Walter Damrosch commissioned a piano concerto in F of this composer., who used bongos and maracas in his Cuban Overture and included four taxi horns in his tone poem An American in Paris. He composed the aria “Summertime†for a work set in Catfish Row with his brother Ira, and began another work with a clarinet glissando. For 10 points, name this American jazz-influenced composer of Porgy and Bess and Rhapsody in Blue.

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This composer mimicked Muzio Clementi's Sonatina Op. 36 in his own Sonatine Bureaucratique, while "Waltz of the Mysterious Kiss in the Eye" and "High-Society Cancan" are numbers in his orchestral suite La belle eccentrique. A co-composer of the ballets Parade and The Adventures of Mercury, he also created a word for a set of pieces without time signatures and bar lines called Six Gnossiennes, while 840 repetitions are needed for his work Vexations. This composer of Dried Up Embryos and the play Medusa's Trap composed five works of "furniture music," but he may be best remembered for a set of three piano works in 3/4 ["three-four"] time which are considered the basis for ambient music. FTP, name this mentor of Les Six, the French composer of Gymnopedies.

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This composer ventured into comic opera with Le Filibustier, based on a Jean Richepin play, which premiered under the title By the Sea. His first numbered opus, which was dedicated to his wife Malvina Bamberg, was a piano duet based on letters in her name, while his opus 50, "Kaleidoscope," features the "Orientale." He wrote several works on military fortifications, but he is better known for a three-act opera based on a tragedy by Heinrich Heine, William Ratcliff, and his opera The Prisoner of the Caucasus, one of several of his works based on Pushkin. FTP, name this Russian composer regarded as the most minor member of The Five.

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This composer's tone poems include one in which the title demon murders a child, The Water Goblin, and his first symphony is titled after the "Bells of Zlonice." He quotes the song series "The Cypresses" at the end of his Cello Concerto in B minor, which is probably the most frequently-played cello concerto today. This composer also wrote the American String Quartet, which was inspired by his time in Spillville, Iowa; that also provided inspiration of a symphony he wrote that was based on the Song of Hiawatha and African American spirituals. For 10 points, name this composer of the Carnival Overture, some Slavonic Dances, and his 9th symphony, From the New World.

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This instrument is featured in the second movement of Rautavaara's Dances with the Winds. It restates the intermezzo motive for the third and last time after the flute cadenza in the Concerto for Orchestra, having ended the previous movement in a duet with the horn. Concertos written for it include a modern one by Lowell Liebermann, as well as some by Vivaldi that were originally performed on a Baroque instrument with a similar but smaller range, the sopranino recorder. Starting the fugue in Britten's A Young Person's Guide to the Orchestra, for 10 points, name this instrument that plays a famous solo in The Stars and Stripes Forever, and is often described as a small flute.

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This man based his cantata "Aeolus Propitiated" on a work by Nicholas Harmoncourt, and he wrote only three oratorios, the Easter, Christmas, and Ascension. He later returned to mythological themes with a cantata featuring the son of Alcmene "at the crossroads." String works include six suites for solo cello and the sonatas and partitas for solo violin, but better known are a set of 10 "puzzle canons" on a royal theme, "A Musical Offering," and six concertos written for the margrave of their titular state. FTP name this prolific contrapuntal composer of The Art of Fugue and the Brandenburg Concertos.

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This man composed songs such as "Rime," "Your Small Black Eyes," and "The Bread of Ronda Has a Taste of Truth" for voice and piano. The few works from his middle period include the Stravinsky-inspired Concerto for Harpsichord and a puppet opera about "Master Peter." Ernesto Halffter completed this man's scenic cantata Atlantis after his death. Other orchestral works by him include the "Ritual Fire Dance" from one of his ballets, a series of Homages to people such as Claude Debussy and Paul Dukas, and a work whose first section depicts the Generalife. Sergei Diaghilev asked him to re-write The Magistrate and the Miller's Wife, leading to a stage work for which Pablo Picasso designed the costumes and sets. FTP, name this composer of El amor brujo and El sombrero de tres picos.

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This man wrote a cantata about a creature from Persian myth that tries to regain entrance into heaven. This composer wrote a set of variations on his imaginary friend Meta Abegg. This composer wrote his only cello concerto in A minor and dedicated to Frédéric Chopin his Kriesleriana. One composition by this man contains quotations of “Grandfather's Dance†and he quoted from that work in his later piece Carnaval. Of this man's four symphonies, the third opens powerfully like a fanfare in E-flat major and his first was written the year after he married Clara. For 10 points, name this German composer of the Spring and Rhenish symphonies. Â

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This man wrote four piano concertos, two of which are subtitled "Youth" and "Prague." Other works include his "Requiem" Symphony, as well as the operas In the Magic Forest and Into the Fire. He also created incidental music to Romeo and Juliet, while a "Little Lyrical Scene" appears in his suite The Comedians. One of his operas concerns the Nazi invasion of Moscow, while in another the title character sculpts a Duke mounted on a donkey. He composed 24 preludes based on songs by Rimsky-Korsakov, and also edited the Sovietskaya Muzika, winning two Stalin Prizes for his work. FTP, name this Soviet composer and proponent of socialist realism, best known for his operas The Taras Family and Colas Breugnon.

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This man's only opera was The Maiden in the Tower, though a later work was originally the prelude to the never-realized opera The Creation of the Boat. He wrote incidental music to plays like Everyman and Strindberg's fairy-drama Swanwhite, while tone poems include Nightride and Sunrise and The Dryad. "A Spring in the Park" and "Three Blind Sisters" are among the eight movements of his incidental music to Pelleas et Melisande. This composer of seven symphonies honored his home province in his Karelia Suite, though he is better-known for mythical pieces like Kullervo and The Swan of Tuonela. For 10 points, name this composer of Finlandia.

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This man's orchestral works include the Othello Suite and the Battle of Stalingrad Suite. Unable to speak Russian or read music when he entered the Russian Conservatory, he went on to write the ballet Spartacus, while Lezghinka and the Dance of the Rose Maidens can be found in Gayaneh, which also includes his most famous work. FTP, who is this Armenian composer of Saber Dance?

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This musical piece was the inspiration for Hugo Alfvén's Uppsala Rhapsody. Its introduction begins with strings playing in C, and goes on to introduce two songs, one using violins and bassoons and the other primarily trumpets. The recapitulation hammers to a loud close, setting up the Coda and the third, and best-known of the student-songs in the piece, "Gaudeamus Igitur." FTP, what 1880 Brahms work was composed for his reception of an honorary doctorate from the University of Breslau?

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This musical work features a number of noteworthy dances, including "Trepak", the "Arab Dance", the "Chinese Dance", and the "Dance of the Flutes", and concludes with the "Waltz of the Flowers". Featuring the first-ever orchestral use of the celesta, this * ballet opens with the "Miniature Overture", then goes on to tells of the title figure's battle with an army of mice, after which he takes a girl to Jam Mountain, leading to the famous "Dance of the Sugarplum Fairy". FTP, what is this ballet by Tchaikovsky?

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This musician died in 1976 in seclusion at the New Jersey estate of Pannonica de Koenigswarter, his patron, after whom he named one of his songs. He was house pianist at Minton's in Harlem in the early 1940s, where he greatly influenced the playing of Bud Powell. Known for his odd habit of getting up and doing a shuffling dance when moved by his or his sidemen's playing, his studio album Brilliant Corners gave a boost to John Coltrane's career. FTP name this composer of "'Round Midnight" and subject of the film Straight, No Chaser.

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This musician's later career saw the production of the album In a Silent Way, which marks a shift towards fusion and electronic music. The nonet he formed in 1948 with Gerry Mulligan and Gil Evans produced the singles “Boplicity†and “Budo.†The music of JoaquÃn Rodrigo and Manuel de Falla served as a basis for his record Sketches of Spain. This musician of the album Birth of the Cool included the songs “Freddie Freeloader†and “So What†on another album. For 10 points, name this jazz trumpeter, known for his album Kind of Blue.

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This note is the submediant of C major and mediant of f-sharp minor. It is also the leading tone in b-flat minor and the supertonic in G major. It is a fifth above D, and is written on the middle line of tenor clef, the top line of the bass clef, and the space below the middle line of the treble clef. FTP, name this note, to which orchestras generally tune, set by international convention at 440 hertz.

what is this opera by Vincenzo Bellini?

This opera's line "I did not think to see you extinguished so soon, oh flower" is found on its composer's tombstone. The most famous arias are heard in the concluding second act, starting with the aforementioned "Ah, non credea mirarti" and culminating with "Ah! non giunge", sung while the protagonist is atop a bridge spanning a mill wheel. The wealthy young landowner Elvino becomes interested in Lisa after his fiancee is found in the bed of Count Rodolfo, who nevertheless convinces Elvino that Adina is innocent of infidelity because she is unaware of her activities during her nightly adventures. For 10 points

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This person adapted the passacaglia from Bach's Nach dir, Herr, verlanget mich for a theme that appears in the notable chaconne of the last movement of his Fourth Symphony in E minor, while he created twenty-one pieces for piano-four-hands based on folk songs in his Hungarian Dances, and featured two sharp chords to begin his Tragic Overture. His first symphony is often referred to as "Beethoven's Tenth," while another of his works quotes the hymn "Gaudeamus Igitur" and was written to commemorate an honorary degree from the University of Breslau. For 10 points, name this composer of Academic Festival Overture and a namesake lullaby.

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This piece was orchestrated by the composer of the Grand Canyon Suite, Ferde Grofé. After this work's distinctive solo opening, which was improvised by Ross Gorman, a trumpet theme enters. This piece's composer played piano when it premiered at the Aeolian Hall during the “Experiment in Modern Music†concert. This “musical kaleidoscope of America,†which was written for Paul Whiteman's band, opens with a trill followed by a seventeen-note clarinet glissando. For 10 points, name this George Gershwin work for piano and jazz band.

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This symphony was the best-received work of the composer during his lifetime, and it was the last of his pieces he saw premiered. It has only two movements: the first is a setting of the Latin hymn, "Veni creator spiritus". The second movement can be divided into three sections that approximate the slow movement, scherzo, and finale of a traditional symphony. As a setting of the final scene of Goethe's "Faust", its subject matter seems distant from the first movement, but the composer saw them in a similarly spiritual light. FTP, name this 1906 work whose call for an unusually large chorus and orchestra resulted in the nickname the "Symphony of a Thousand".

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This symphony's "Largo" third movement features no brass and surprisingly calls for the violins to be divided into three sections. The composer was inspired by the opening of Mahler's Fourth Symphony for the first four measures of this work, which sets up a sharply dotted rhythm of repeated As playing against a melody on the first violins. The finale movement quotes from the composer's setting of the Pushkin poem "Rebirth" and is dubbed a "forced rejoicing" in the autobiography Testimony. This symphony was after the scandal surrounding the composer's earlier opera Lady Macbeth of the Mtensk District. Subtitled "A Soviet Artist's Response to Justified Criticism", for 10 points, name this symphony by Dmitri Shostakovich.

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This type of orchestra uses colotomic structure and consists of two sets of intruments, with one set tuned to a five-note scale and the other to a seven-note scale. It sometimes accompanies theatrical performances, and is characterized by polyphony, with the main melody played either by a stringed instrument or a bamboo flute, and its percussion instruments include xylophones, metallophones, and gongs. FTP, name this orchestra indigenous to Bali and Java.

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Though a long version called a buisine (bwee-zeen) was replaced by a shorter version in about 1300, the modern version only came into use about 1815. Made with a cylindrical bore, the piccolo version was created in D for compositions with high registers such as those of Handel and Bach. The more typical B flat version has a range of about three octaves from the F sharp below the treble staff. FTP, name this close relative of the coronet, the instrument of Miles Davis and Wynton Marsalis.

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Though there were originally 23 pieces, after revision: only two settings of four numbers each were orchestrated. The third section is scored for strings but features a lone triangle, capturing the North African setting and sensuality of its title: Anitra's Dance . Perhaps the finest music in this piece is contained in the introduction also known as Morning Song or Morning Mood . But the most famous movement, actually act 2 scene 5 of the play, features the hero riding on the back of a pig to a place where he is taunted and tormented by trolls. FTP identify this suite which ends with "In the Hall of the Mountain King," a work by Edvard Grieg.

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Tony Scherman's album notes track its genesis back to a 1990 tour and one collaborator's constant refusal from the other collaborator, until finally giving in for a May 1995 performance with the San Francisco Symphony. Recorded at Masonic Grand Lodge in New York City, and Donald Benson Great Hall at Bethel College, it includes a capella vocal and piano improvisations on the song for Amadeus, and two concertos. For ten points, name this album featuring the talent of the St. Paul Chamber Orchestra, Bobby McFerrin, and Chick Corea.

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Toward the end of Act One, one of the characters sings "I know you hate me" after being whipped by the protagonist's wife. A peasant sings "Why hast thou taught me" to woo the hand of the protagonist's wife, who is known as Columbine in Act Two. After Beppe sings an ode to Columbine, the protagonist confronts Nedda about Silvio, and when she brushes him off he stabs her, leading Tonio to end the opera with the line "La Commedia Finita." FTP name this opera by Ruggierio Leoncavallo, whose first act ends with the melancholy "Vesti La Giubba" and whose protagonist is a very sad clown.

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Trumpets and drums depict an army marching to the Capitol in the fourth movement. Its third movement contains both a clarinet solo and a piano cadenza, which both serve to represent a nightingale's song near the Janiculum. The first movement, an Allegretto vivace in 2/8 time, represents children playing by the Villa Borghese near the title objects. The most famous movement of this piece, however, is the second movement in which muted horns represent the title objects near a catacomb. FTP, identify this orchestral work by Ottorino Respighi about the trees of a certain city.

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Two operas by this composer, based on Oedipus and The Tempest, were never completed. Early works like Musica ricercata and Apparitions were published much later than their composition due to government censorship in his country but, upon fleeing to Germany, he wrote Volumina, the electronic piece Artikulation, and a work with a title borrowed from a Karl Popper phrase, Clocks and Clouds. His Poeme symphonique is a work for a hundred "preferably pyramid-shaped" metronomes, while his only completed opera was based on a Michel de Ghelderode play and is titled Le Grande Macabre, but he is better known for Atmospheres and two other works that appeared in a 1968 Kubrick film. FTP, identify this Hungarian composer whose Lux Aeterna and Requiem can be found in the score for 2001: A Space Odyssey.

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Unusual features of this work include the built-up diminished seventh and the conclusion, which includes a minor plagal cadence, a detail that indicates a possibly faulty transcription or even a wrong attribution to the composer by the transcriber Johann Ringk. Peter Williams places the work a fifth higher, so that the famous opening is in E and the dominant key is A minor, because he believes it to be originally a composition for violin that had been transcribed to its usual instrument. Edith plays the piece in Strindberg's Dream Play and, because it was Stokowski's favorite piece, it famously appears in the opening scene of Fantasia. FTP, name this spooky-sounding organ work, a two-part piece by Johann Sebastian Bach.

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Verdi used one of this composer's tunes for the Grand Chorus of Aida. Enrico di Borgogna was his first opera to be staged, and he did not become widely known until the premiere of Anna Bolena. He was comfortable with French as well, debuting operas in that language after 1840. Among his better-known 73 are Lucrezia Borgia, Don Pasquale, and Daughter of the Regiment. FTP, name this composer of the The Elixir of Love and the Sir Walter Scott adaptation, Lucia di Lamermoor.

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We first meet this character when he sings the aria "Dunque io son," (doon-kay ee-oh sohn) telling of his poor cousin named Lindoro. In a later section he sings of how nothing is more stimulating in the world than gold and proceeds to use his guile to arrange the marriage of Rosina. In another opera he pretends to be Cherubino, as part of a plan he hatches because he cannot repay Marcellina, who turns out to be his mother. Eventually this valet of Count Almaviva is united with his beloved Susanna. FTP, identify this character, a former barber, whose wedding is the subject of a Mozart opera.

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When Brahms was asked for his autograph by the daughter of this work's composer, he wrote out a few bars of it and wrote, "Sadly, not by Johannes Brahms." Written in 1867 in response to a commission by the Vienna Men's Chorus Association, it was originally a choral work of four waltz numbers, to which the composer added a piano accompaniment. A fifth number was later added, words were provided by Josef Weyl, and the more familiar orchestral version appeared in the same year. FTP, name this work featured in 2001: A Space Odyssey and countless commercials, probably the most famous waltz of Johann Strauss, Jr.

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When one character in this opera admires the Drum Major of the military band, her friend Margaret says that she can "stare through seven pairs of leather breeches." The Doctor alters the title character's diet as part of an experiment and complains when he coughs in the street "like a dog". The moon rises "like a bloody sword" and the title character kills Marie, the mother of his child. In the final scene, a child riding a hobby-horse learns that his mother is dead. FTP, name this controversial opera based on a Buchner play and composed by Alban Berg.

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While most of these musical pieces follow the same pattern, the first features a minuet as a fourth movement, while the third features only two movements separated by two slow chords, and is written for strings alone, while the fifth features the harpsichord. The most famous of these pieces is the second, which is written in the Italian concerto grosso style and features trumpet, flute, oboe, and violin. Named for a margrave, FTP, what are these six concertos by J.S. Bach?

"Emperor Concerto" or Beethoven's Piano Concerto No. 5 [require "Beethoven" before mention]

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"Titan" Symphony (Accept early "1st Symphony in D Major by Gustav Mahler" or equivalents)

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"Twinkle, Twinkle Little Star" (accept "Ah ! vous dirai-je, Maman" before "expresses curiosity...")

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"Unfinished" symphonies [accept Unvollendete]

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(Charles-) Camille Saint-Saëns (san-sahns)

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1812 Overture

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4' 33" (Four Minutes and Thirty-Three Seconds)

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Alban Berg

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Aleksandr Nikolayevich Scriabin

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Aleksandr Porfirevich Borodin

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Alexander Borodin

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Also sprach Zarathustra (or Thus Spake Zarathustra)

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An American in Paris

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Anton Bruckner

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Aram Khachaturian

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Aram Khatchaturian

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Ariadne auf Naxos

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Arnold Schoenberg

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Arrigo Boito

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Arthur Honegger

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Arthur Honneger

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Arthur Sullivan

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Arvo Part

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Bachianas Brasileiras

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Bassoon

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Bedrich Smetana

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Beethoven's Fifth Symphony in C minor [accept Fifth Symphony after Beethoven is mentioned]

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Bela Bartok

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Billy the Kid

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Bolero

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C minor (do not prompt on "C")

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Camille Saint-Saens

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Camille Saint-Saëns

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Capriccio Espagnol or Spanish Caprice or Kaprichio na ispankskiye temi

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Carl Maria von Weber

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Carl Nielsen

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Carmen

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Carmina Burana

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Carmina Burana (prompt on "Songs of Bur" if anyone happens to say it)

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Carnival of the Animals

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Cesar Antonovich Cui

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Charles Mingus

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Christoph Wilibald Gluck

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Christoph Willibald von Gluck

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Christoph Willibald, Ritter von Gluck

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Cinderella or La Cenerentola

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Clara Schumann or Clara Wieck (prompt on "Schumann")

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Claude Debussy

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Claudio Monteverdi

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Clément-Philibert-Léo Delibes

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Coleman Hawkins

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Concerto

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Concerto for Violin and Orchestra or Violin Concerto (be sure Alban Berg is mentioned on early buzz)

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Concierto de Aranjuez

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Concord Sonata or Piano Sonata No. 2, Concord, Mass., 1840-60

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Cosi Fan Tutte (accept early So Do They All)

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César Antonovich Cui

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Dance of Death or Danse Macabre or Totentanz

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Daphnis et Chloe or Daphnis and Chloe

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Die Fledermaus [or The Bat]

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Die Mestersinger von Nurenberg or The Mastersingers of Nuremberg

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Die lustige Witwe (The Merry Widow), operetta (accept Die lustige Witwe)

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Dies Irae (prompt on Day of Wrath)

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Drums

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Duke Bluebeard's Castle [or A kékszakállú herceg vára]

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Edvard Grieg

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Edvard Hagerup Grieg

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Edward Elgar

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Eine Kleine Nachtmusik or A Little Night Music

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Einstein on the Beach

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El Sombrero de tres picos, ballet in 2 parts, G. 53 (or The Three-Cornered Hat; accept any underlined part)

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Erik Satie

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Ernest Bloch

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Etudes by Liszt (accept "Paganini Etudes" before "scherzando," prompt on "etudes" or "works by Liszt")

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Eugene Ormandy

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Falstaff

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Faust

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Faust Symphony

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Faust, opera

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Felix Mendelssohn

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Fidelio

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Giacomo Meyerbeer

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Giacomo Puccini

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Giacomo Puccini [or Giacomo Antonio Domenico Michele Secondo Maria Puccini]

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Gian Carlo Menotti

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Gioacchino Rossini

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Gioachino Antonio Rossini

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Gustav Holst

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Gustav Mahler

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GustavHolst

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Gyorgy Ligeti

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Hammerklavier or Beethoven's Piano Sonata No. 29

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Hungarian Rhapsodies (19), for piano, S. 244 (LW A132)

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Hungarian Rhapsodies [or Magyar rapsodiak]

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I Pagliacci

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Johann Sebastian Bach (prompt on just last name; must have both initials)

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Johann Sebastian Bach [prompt on "Bach" or even "Johann Bach"]

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Johannes Brahms

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Johannes BrahmsÂ

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John Adams

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John Coltrane

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John Milton Cage

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Jose Carreras

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Joseph Anton Bruckner

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Joseph-Maurice Ravel

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Jules Emile Frederic Massenet

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Jupiter Symphony [accept Symphony No. 41]

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Jupiter Symphony [or Symphony No. 41 in C major; or K. 551]

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Karl Maria von Weber

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Karlheinz Stockhausen

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Kingdom of Spain [or España]

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Krzysztof Penderecki

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Kurt Weill

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L'elisir d'amore, opera (accept The Elixir of Love)

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La Boheme

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La Donna e Mobile

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La Fenice

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La Gioconda

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La Mer (prompt on "The Sea")

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La Mer [accept The Sea before “seaâ€]

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La Mer or The Sea

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La Sonnambula or The Sleepwalker

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La Traviata

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Lakmé

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Le Marteau sans Maitre [or The Hammer without a Master; or The Unmastered Hammer]

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Le nozze di Figaro [or The Marriage of Figaro]

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Leonard Bernstein

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Leos Janacek

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Les Huguenots (accept Gli Ugonotti or The Huguenots)

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Les Troyens

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Les contes d'Hoffmann (accept The Tales of Hoffmann)

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Lohengrin

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London Symphony (accept early Symphony No. 104)

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London Symphony; or Symphony 104 in D major

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Louis Armstrong

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Love for Three Oranges or Love of the Three Oranges

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Lt. Kije Suite

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Lucia di Lamermoor

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Luigi Boccherini

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Lyric Pieces

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Mahler's Symphony No. 1 in D-Major,“Titan†[do not accept the first underlined part after “Gustavâ€]

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Mahler's Symphony No. 8 in E-flat major [or “Symphony of a Thousand;†prompt on Symphony No. 8 before Mahler is read]

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Manon

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Missa Solemnis or Mass for soloists, chorus, and orchestra in D Major

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Missa Solemnis, Op. 123

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Paganini's Caprices or Capricii

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Pagliacci [or Clowns]

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Pagliacci or The Clowns

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Paris symphony (accept Symphony No. 31 on early buzz)

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Pastoral Symphony (or Fete Champetre or Concert Champetre)

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Pastoral Symphony [or Beethoven's Symphony Number 6 in F Major; accept just six after "Beethoven"]

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Paul Bunyan

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Petrushka [or Petrouchka]

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Philip Glass

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Philip Morris Glass

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Pictures at an Exhibition

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Pictures at an Exhibition (also accept "Kartinki s vystavki")

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Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky

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Rachmaninoff's Concertos for Piano

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Romeo and Juliet

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Ruslan and Lyudmila (Ruslan i Lyudmila)

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Ruslan and Lyudmila or Ruslan i Lyudmila

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Sacred Cantatas

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Salome

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Te Deum

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The 1812 Overture in E-Flat Major

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The Unanswered Question (I & II), for trumpet, winds & string orchestra, S. 50 (K. 1C25) (accept any underlined part)

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Thelonious Sphere Monk

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Thelonius Monk

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Thomas Tallis

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the Messiah [prompt on HWV 56]

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toccata

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trombone

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trumpet

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tuba

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violas

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A 24 bar Overtura opens a work split from this man's thirteenth string quartet, his Grosse Fugue. Variations by this composer include a set of twelve for cello and piano on Handel's “See the Conquering Hero Comes†and a set of thirty-three on a waltz by the Austrian music publisher Diabelli. One work by this composer contains a subject in E-flat minor in its Grave introduction, and an oft-played piano work by this composer opens with E-D sharp-E-D-sharp-E-B-D natural-C. For 10 points, name this composer of the Moonlight Sonata, Für Elise, and the Choral Symphony.

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A Henri Arnaut de Zwolle wrote the premier medieval treatise on this instrument, while the definitive book on their construction was written by Arnold Schlick. Leos Janacek taught at a school in Brno dedicated to this instrument, for which Cesar Franck wrote his Grande Piece Symphonique. Charles-Marie Widor wrote ten symphonies for it and collaborated with Albert Schweizer on a definitive edition of J.S. Bach's works for it. Anton Bruckner wrote several preludes for this instrument, for which Copland wrote an early symphony. Most popularly the focus of the third symphony by Camille Saint-Saens, this is, for 10 points what keyboard instrument often found in churches?

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A Villa-Lobos Fantasia and a Milhaud work with "Vif" as the first movement were both adapted for a performer of this instrument with the nickname "Le Patron." In Kodály's Háry János Suite, this instrument has a solo at the end of the "Battle and Defeat of Napoleon" movement. In Prokofiev's Lieutenant Kije Suite, the title character is depicted with this instrument in the "Romance" movement. Sidney Bechet was the basis for the Steppenwolf character Pablo, who played this instrument. Featured in Vaughn Williams' Symphony No. 6 and Bizet's L'Arlesienne Suite, it is found most prominently in the B-flat tenor and E-flat alto versions. FTP, name this woodwind instrument often featured in jazz bands, most notably played by Stan Getz, Coleman Hawkins, and Charlie Parker.

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A chord consisting of all seven notes of the A-flat harmonic minor scale forms the ostinato at the beginning of this work's second movement. Two tetrachords related by tritone in the fifth movement and four superimposed dominant-seventh chords in the third are two ways in which the composer creates octatonic harmonies and this work opens with a solo bassoon one octave above middle C. Featuring sections such as "Ritual of the Rival Tribes," it is divided into two large parts entitled "The Adoration of the Earth" and "The Sacrifice". FTP, identify this ballet originally choreographed by Nijinsky and composed by Stravinsky, which caused riots at its 1913 premiere.

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A famous ostinato from this work's first movement is quoted in the Intermezzo interotto of Bela Bartok's Concerto for Orchestra. The composer suggested employing a relief drummer for the 352 bar "little puppet-like tune" in the first movement, which features a C major theme later quoted in the tonic minor as a "requiem." The second movement begins with a fugue-like theme in the strings followed by a high variation on the theme played on an oboe. A march, repeated twelve times in eleven minutes, follows a theme said to represent the Nazi incursion into Russia. For 10 points, name this symphony by Dmitri Shostakovich named for a city.

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A murder attempt by one character in this work is forgiven in the aria "In diesen heil'gen Hallen." Earlier another character sings a love song to a picture of a woman presented to him by the Three Ladies in "Dies Bildnis Ist Bezaubernd Schon." One character in this opera is ordered to commit murder by her mother, who sings of how "Hell's vengeance boils in her heart" in her most famous aria. In this opera, a prayer to Isis and Osiris is sung by the priest, Sarastro, and an aria about birdcatching is sung by Papageno, who helps save the Queen of the Night's daughter, Pamina. For 10 points, name this Mozart singspeil about Tamino's title instrument.

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A pair of horns in this piece was supposed to recapitulate a theme in C major, but was replaced by its composer in that section by bassoons. 29 C major chords end this symphony whose first movement contains a brief oboe cadenza and whose third movement scherzo transitions into the finale. This symphony's most notable feature also appears in its composer's Appassionata sonata, and is played in E flat major after several imitations of the notes G-G-G-E flat, which is commonly described as “Fate knocking at the door.†For 10 points, name this Beethoven work that precedes the Pastoral Symphony.

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A portrait in the Vatican shows him holding a copy of his work Accepit Jesus calicem, and the source of his Missa Benedicta Es was only recently identified. He used excessive salary demands to avoid taking musical posts in Vienna and Mantua, and Johann Fux codified the contrapuntal rules used in a certain type of his work, which included two composed on the tune "L'homme Armé." He wrote Improperia while choirmaster at St. John Lateran, while a legend about this man was perpetuated by a Pfitzner opera. For 10 points, name this composer whose Pope Marcellus Mass supposedly convinced the Council of Trent not to ban polyphonic music.

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A premonition of the title character's death is found in her "Card Song", while another major moment of the opera is the duet "Seguidilla". The male lead's fate is sealed when he draws his sword on Captain Zuniga, leading him to flee to the mountains and join the smuggling gang led by Lillas Pastia. Shortly after singing his "Flower Song" he abandons his sweetheart Micaela, but his beloved soon cuckolds him for the bullfighter Escamillo, who sings the famous "Toreador Song". FTP, what is this opera about a gypsy woman, the masterpiece of Georges Bizet?

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A scene in this work at the Gate of Wisdom sees a priest convince the protagonist that women have trivial opinions. In one of its scenes, a character falsely claims that he rescued the protagonist from a snake, after which three women hand the liar a rock and padlock his mouth shut. This opera features the famous “Tremble not, my dear son†aria, and its incredibly demanding aria “Der Hoelle Rache†requires a range up to F6 for its soprano role. A man dressed in bird's feathers in this opera is Papageno, who is a servant of the villain. The plot of this opera centers on the love of Tamino for the maid Pamina, and the attempts to thwart the relationship by the Queen of the Night. For 10 points, name this work that features an instrument which can change men's hearts, an opera by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart.

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A skilled ballet dancer who often acted the clown in Moliere comedies, he wrote "Amour, Que Veux-tu de Moi". As a boy, he was a gift of the Duc de Guise to lady Montpensier; as a man, his lavish operatic productions introduced overtures and female dancers to Versailles. FTP, name this composer of Armide et Renaud and Alceste, who famously expired after poking his foot with his conductor's baton.

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A stretch of bars in 7/4 ("seven four") time in this work's Finale was its composer's first use of metrical irregularity, and the composer noted his delight with its natural-harmonic string glissando in Expositions and Developments. The Sinfonietta on Russian Themes by the teacher of its composer informs the oboe melody in this work's Khorovod section, representing a round dance of thirteen princesses. A solo bassoon represents the title creature luring a castle full of monsters to sleep in the Berceuse, after forcing them to exhaust themselves in the Infernal Dance of King Kastchei. FTP, name this Stravinsky ballet in which the magical title creature gives Ivan one of its feathers.

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According to Charles Burney, its first use in an opera came in Johann Christian Bach's Orione. Two pioneering concertoes for it were written by F. X. Pokorny, while an early set of six concertoes for it was written by J. M. Molter. Max Reger wrote three sonatas for this instrument and piano, a combination also employed in Schumann's Opus 73, a set of three "fantasy pieces." Heinrich Baermann inspired Carl Maria von Weber to write two concertoes for it, while Hermstedt was the original soloist in the four concertoes for it by Louis Spohr. One of its early virtuosi was Anton Stadler, for whom the "Kegelstatt Trio" was composed by Mozart. More recent performers include Gervase de Payer, for whom Thea Musgrave wrote a concerto, and a man for whom Copland's concerto and Bartok's Contrasts were written. FTP, name this musical instrument, whose noted performers include Woody Herman, Artie Shaw, and Benny Goodman.

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Act I of this opera sees a man standing watch keep from falling asleep by singing a ditty about "my girl," who would "like the trumpery" of storms. One aria translates as "Will that day" and sees Erik pine for his lost love, who is introduced in a scene that sees a chorus of spinners sing "Spin, spin fair maiden." One character proposes a marriage to his daughter in the aria "May you my child," and the title character tells of his fate in the aria "Die Frist ist um." Daland offers his daughter Senta to the title character of this opera, who is cursed to spend seven years at a time at sea. For 10 points, name this opera about the title ghost-sailor, by Richard Wagner.

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After a brief introduction, often interpreted as an expression of "once upon a time," the composer states the theme early on with a bravura passage for French horn. Contrived as a response to criticism for the composer's opera Guntram, this single-movement work for orchestra is characterized by abrupt shifts in scoring between instruments. It is in the form of a large-scale rondo and the various rondo episodes include the title character railing at preachers, making fun of intellectuals, and finally being sentenced to death. FTP, name this tone poem by Richard Strauss, centering on a medieval German pranskter.

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After an early opera, Irmelin, this composer's first published work was 1893's Legend for violin and orchestra. After he became blind in 1924, he dictated works like A Song of Summer and Songs of Farewell to his amanuensis Eric Fenby. Earlier works include Koanga, Brigg Fair, and the Florida Suite, based on his earlier experiences as an orange planter. FTP, identify this distinctive composer of Sea Drift and A Village Romeo and Juliet.

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After studying at the Curtis Institute of Music, he attracted notice in 1933 with his overture to The School for Scandal. In 1935 his Symphony No. 1 was performed in Rome and at the Salzburg Festival. Other works include the Capricorn Concerto, Antony and Cleopatra, and Prayers of Kierkegaard. FTP identify this American composer well known for his Adagio for Strings and the opera Vanessa.

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After the first play through, the first violinist advised Schubert that the composition was "nothing at all... stick to your lieder." Sharing its name with an Ariel Dorfman play, all of the four movements are in the minor mode, from the opening descending motif to variations upon a theme taken from one of Schubert's songs which lends its name to the piece. FTP identify this 1824 string quartet, which shares its name with a painting by Hans Baldung Grien showing a young woman looking in a mirror with a ghastly figure behind her.

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After the populace shouts "Ritorna vincitor!", one character in this opera sings the aria "Numi pieta," demonstrating her conflicting emotions. After being captured, Amonasro tells the protagonist about the ghost of her mother, causing her to eventually sing, "O patria! Quanto mi costi!" Its final act features a double scene, where one character is imprisoned in the Temple of Vulcan after revealing that he planned to attack using using the pass of Napata. The title character wins the love of Radames over her mistress Amneris, but is buried alive in a vault. For 10 points, name this opera about an Ethiopian princess by Giuseppe Verdi.

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After writing a wind quintet for his friends which mirrored their personalities, he wrote five concertos, one for each of them, including a clarinet concerto for Aagé Oxenfold. This composer used "progressive tonality" so that only the first of his symphonies was written "in" a certain key. His second symphony, giving each movement a different humour, is called The Four Temperaments. For ten points, name this composer famous for his fourth symphony, called the Inextinguishable.

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Alexander Scriabin's opus 74 consists of five of these pieces, including one marked "Très lent, contemplatif." Alberto Ginastera included tributes to Juan Jose Castro and Aaron Copland in his twelve American ones. One of these in D flat major marked "Sostenuto" was nicknamed for its repetition of A flat in the left hand. One of these pieces consisting of arpeggiated chords opens J. S. Bach's first cello suite. Rachmaninoff's opus 3 number 2 is one of these pieces in C sharp minor, while Chopin's set of twenty-four of them includes one known as the "Raindrop." For 10 points, name these pieces paired with fugues in The Well-Tempered Clavier, named for their origin as short introductions to longer works.

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Although he earned his living at an early age by playing the violin in cafes and dance bands, he went on to become leader of the Frankfurt Orchestra. An opponent of the 12 tone school, he wrote what he called utility music, and collaborated with Weill on the music for a radio cantata by Bertolt Brecht, The Lindbergh Flight. His works include both a Violin and a Cello Concerto and the song cycles The Young Maid and The Life of Mary, but he is best known for an opera based on the life of the painter Mathias Grunewald. FTP identify this German composer of Mathis der Maler.

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Among his compositions are "Heart Wounds" and "The Last Spring," melodies after a popular poem of his nation. His piano works include the Humoresques and 66 Lyric Pieces, among which are the "Cradle Song" and "Wedding Day at Troldhaugen." His first major work was the Piano Concerto in A minor, which was first sight-read by Franz Liszt, but he gained widespread fame with a piece of incidental music he was asked to write in 1876. FTP, name this author of the Holberg Suite and two suites for Peer Gynt, the greatest Norwegian composer.

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Among his secular works were four large panels on the theme of justice for the courtroom of Brussels that were destroyed in 1695. Other notable works include the Braque Triptych and St. Luke Painting the Virgin. His was renowned for his masterful handling of emotion, as seen in his celebrated Deposition, whose dramatic power and plain gold background are similar to an earlier work by his teacher, the Master of Flemalle. FTP, who was this artist, whose name means "of the pasture," the leading Netherlandish painter of the mid-15th century?

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Among the unusual scenes from this opera is in the third act, during which a depiction of frivolities on a frozen lake calls for singers to perform on roller-skates, although more serious are the performance of the "Triumphal Hymn" and the bitter "O Priests of Baal." Its Ad Nos ad Salutarem Dei music was later the subject of a series of organ variations by Liszt. Eugene Scribe made alterations in the life of the historical figure on which it is based, changing him from a tailor's apprentice to an innkeeper, while conveniently omitting his sixteen wives and relocating all of his love towards the female lead Berthe. The title character dies in a violent explosion rather than from the brutal torture that befell the historical leader of the Anabaptists on whose life this work is based. FTP, name this work dramatizing the life of John of Leyden, a grand opera by Giacomo Meyerbeer.

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Among this man's lieder are one on the murder of Murray and another on the poem "Ivan." This man's late piano works include a set of seven "Fantasies," his Opus 116, and three sets of "Klavierstücke," though he is better-known for keyboard works like the two rhapsodies of his Opus 79. He wrote two sets of Gypsy Songs, his Opus 103 and 112, both of which reflect the influence Hungarian folk music had on his work. His first symphony is often called "Beethoven's 10th," although his fourth and final one is better known. He used a German text for his Deutsches Requiem, which he dedicated to his mother, but he is better known for a set of songs written for the University of Breslau. FTP name this composer, perhaps best known for his Academic Festival Overture and a namesake lullaby.

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An E-minor composition by this man uses minor second intervals to produce dissonant “wrong note†sounds. He composed a G-flat major work in which the right hand plays arpeggios consisting almost entirely of sharps and flats. This composer of the Black Key Etude wrote a work that was compared to a dog chasing its tail. He honored his home nation by writing a solo piano work that venerates the November Uprising. For 10 points, name this composer of the Revolutionary Etude and the “Minute Waltz,†a prolific writer of nocturnes and polonaises from Poland.

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An important element of his training with Niccolo Zingarelli was the composition of hundreds of wordless solfeggi, none of which survive, while Giovanni Rubini created noted tenor roles in his works such as Adelson e Salvini. His most famed partnership began with Il pirata and lasted throughout his career until his ninth, and last, opera based on a Scott work. Thus Felice Romani did not adapt I puritani, but did work on The Capulets and the Montagues and La Sonnambula. FTP, name this composer who surpassed Rossini to earn the highest fees ever for his opera Norma.

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An ostinato with the winds and horns mirroring notes from a harp mimics the tolling of convent bells in this work's second movement, an Allegretto. Subsequently, a rustic Allegro Assai passage introduces the next movement, an Allegretto serenade. A theme from the composer's unsuccessful overture Intrata di Rob Roy Mac Gregor provided the basis for this piece's idée fixe, and after the aforementioned "March of the Pilgrims" and the "Serenade of an Abruzzi Mountaineer to his Mistress," this work's fourth and last movement revisits its previous movements before descending into the "Orgy of Brigands." Never performed by its intended soloist, Niccolo Paganini, this is, FTP, what viola showpiece by Hector Berlioz, adapted from a Lord Byron poem?

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Arias from this opera include Act II's Le Rêve (En fermant les yeux) and O Rosalinde from Act III, sung by the title character's cousin. The title character dies in the final act while on the road to exile at Le Havre, falling in the arms of her former lover. After escaping from De Brétigny, a touching scene in the cathedral of St. Sulpice sees the title character reunited with her lover Des Grieux, who finds her at the opera's end with her cousin Lescaut. FTP, identify this opera based on a novel by Abbé Prevost, perhaps the most famous work by composer Jules Massenet.

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As a critic, he would say, "Hats off, gentlemen, a genius" upon discovering Chopin. As a piano player, he would ruin his career by using a homemade machine to strengthen his right hand. As a piano composer, his suite Carnaval, Cute Scenes on Four Notes, has 21 short pieces mostly based on three fragments. For ten points, name this composer whose first symphony would be titled Spring and whose third would be dubbed Rhenish.

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As it opens the old trees and the young trees argue; the former are content to stand still, while the latter are bored and long for excitement. They are interrupted by wild geese, who bring news of the impending birth of the title character, who will "bring them to another life." The Ballad-Singer, appearing throughout the opera, tells of the title character's unhappy marriage to Carrie, and the birth of his daughter Tiny. We also see his hiring of Sam Sharkey and Ben Benny as cooks, and Hel Helson, the best logger, as foreman. FTP, what is this Benjamin Britten opera, based on the titular American folk hero, who has no singing parts, just like his pet blue ox?

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At the premiere of his last ballet, Relache, the curtain bore a sign stating that "[Blank] is the greatest musician in the world; whoever disagrees with this notion will please leave the hall." The musicians Sauguet (so-GAY), Desormière (daze-orm-YARE) and Milhaud (mee-OH) organized the "School of Arcueil" (ar-COY) in honor of the suburb of Paris where he lived, and his compositions include the Mass of the Poor, the Bureaucratic Sonatina, and Parade. FTP, name this man, upon whose ideas Les Six were founded, and who is best known for such pieces as Dessicated Embryos and the Gymnopédies (zheem-no-pay-DEE).

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Bedier theorized that they were accompanied by the vielle, and based on stories told by monks and pilgrims. 80 to 100 of them survive and are grouped into three cycles concerning Garin de Monglane, Doon de Mayence, and the king. From the latin for deed, this literary genre consists of decasyllabic lines grouped into laisses of varying lengths, each with a single assonance. FTP name this 11th to 13th century genre, examples of which include Garin le Loherain, Huon de Bordeaux, and the Song of Roland.

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Before one of the characters in this opera kills himself, he sings the aria "You who have spread your wings to God." When we first see the title character, she sings the aria "There reigned in silence," which horrifies her maid Alisa. One highlight of the opera is the sextet "Who restrains me at this moment?" which is sung in Act 2 after the signing of a wedding contract. After the title character murders Arturo on their wedding night, she undergoes a notorious "Mad Scene," and she dies soon after, after which her true love Edgardo, a member of the Ravenswood family, dies also. FTP, name this 1835 opera which is set in a Scottish castle, a work by Gaetano Donizetti based on a novel by Sir Walter Scott.

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Before this opera's first act ends with the "Night Chorus," one of the antagonists expounds on the nature of freedom in "Those Birds Flying Above Us." The composer's efforts to emulate Bach's passion settings can be seen in such interspersed choruses as the one retelling the story of Hagar at the start of the second act. A song mentioning a child named Didi, sung by a Swiss grandmother, and the Captain's opening song, "It was just after 1:15," provide different narrative viewpoints in this minimalist opera, which features such characters as Rambo, Molqi, and the title character's wife Marilyn, and explores the tenuous history of Israel-Palestine relations. FTP, identify this opera about the murder of a Jewish passenger on the hijacked Achille Lauro, composed by John Adams.

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Before this work was written the composer's teacher at the Milan conservatory, Antonio Bazzini, wrote an opera based on the same play. In Act 2, the title character sings the aria "Within This Palace," in which she tells about one of her ancestors who thousands of years earlier was betrayed by a man who conquered her city. In order to avenge that betrayal, she invents a test which involves questions about a phantom, a fever, and an ice that sets you on fire. In the third and final act, the blind king of Tartary Timur refuses to reveal a secret, after which his slave girl Liu is tortured and stabs herself to death. In that act, the aria "Nessun dorma" is sung by Calaf, who wins the titular princess of China. FTP, name this 1926 opera, which was left unfinished at his death by Giacomo Puccini.

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Belgian composer Boudewijn Buckinx (BO-de-wine Boo-kingsk ) made a typically postmodern "statement" when he produced nine of them between 1991 and 1992. Other examples include Burgmüller's second, Borodin's third, Bruckner's ninth, Sibelius' eighth, Bizet's "Roma," Mahler's tenth, and Tchaikovsky's seventh. FTP, heart attacks, a blood infection, and drowning in a mineral bath are among the reasons that these musical works fall under this category, the classic examples of which are Schubert's eighth and Beethoven's tenth.

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Blanik is a mountain in southern Bohemia which was considered the Valhalla of the Hussite heroes, while Tabor was a stronghold of the Hussites. Arka was the leader of a band of Bohemian Amazons, while Vltava is the native name for the Moldau River. The four also name symphonic poems that together with Vy ehrad, or The High Citadel, and Z Ceskych luho a haju, or From Bohemia's Woods and Fields, round out this cycle of six. Composed in the 1870's, for 10 points, what is this Smetana homage to his homeland?

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Born Jeno Blau, he entered the Royal Academy of Music in Budapest in 1904, when he was 5 years old. After coming to America in 1921, he became concertmaster of New York's Capitol Theater Orchestra, and went on to serve as music director of the Minneapolis Symphony before becoming engaged, along with Stokowski, as associate conductor of the orchestra with which he would spend 42 seasons as music director. FTP, name this conductor, who led the first American orchestra to appear in the People's Republic of China when he took the Philadelphia Orchestra there.

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British composer Harrison Birtwistle composed an opera titled for the mask of this character, whose “wonderful constancy of love†titles a Telemann opera. He sings the passionate “Rosa del ciel†aria and converses with the messenger Sylvia in another opera. “The Dance of the Blessed Spirits†appears in an opera about this figure by Christoph Gluck. His attempt to save his lover erupts into can-can music in a Jacques Offenbach opera, which is titled for him “in the Underworld.†For 10 points, name this character who appears in those operas with his lover, Eurydice.

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Bruce Broughton wrote a concerto for this instrument with Tommy Johnson in mind, and John Fletcher was the dedicatee of a concerto for this instrument composed by Edward Gregson. It is featured as a soloist in the "Bydlo" movement of Pictures at an Exhibition, and near the end of his life, Vaughan Williams wrote an F minor concerto for it. A variety of it was invented for use in the Ring Cycle and is named for Wagner, and its first notable use in the orchestra saw it replace the ophicleide, itself a descendant of the serpent. For 10 points, name this cousin of the euphonium and basis for the sousaphone, the lowest-pitched member of the brass family.

Der Rosenkavalier or The Cavalier of the Rose

Characters include the newly ennobled Herr von Faninal, Count Octavian Rofrano, Baron Ochs of Lerchenau, and the Princess von Werdenberg, or the Marschallin. Set in the 1740s, with libretto by Hugo von Hormannsthal, it is the story of how Baron Ochs loses the young Sophie Faninal to the much younger Octavian. For 10 points, name this 1911 opera composed by Richard Strauss.

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Charles Koechlin completed his Egyptian-themed ballet Khamma, and this composer spent thirty years vacillating over the incidental music for As You Like It. He used a woodwind solo based on an Indian elephant-charm and parodied Gounoud's "Soldier's Chorus" and Mendelssohn's "Wedding March" in a ballet written for children, The Box of Toys, and he also wrote the depiction of tennis, Jeux. Another piece, which depicts a nocturnal phenomenon, is part of his Suite Bergamesque. For 10 points, name this composer who used the sections about the "dialogue of the wind," "from dawn to noon" and "play of the waves" in his La Mer and also wrote "Clair de Lune."

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Chopin wrote one for piano in C major, Glinka composed one for piano in D minor, and Rossini produced a "tartare" version. Introduced by Sebastian Zerezo, this type of piece features the interplay between the "paseo" or walk portion and the "bien parado" or sudden stop. The most famous example begins with a snare drum and, with the exception of the shift in harmony from C to E towards the end, features a recurrent rhythmic obbligato throughout. That piece of music was composed for a namesake ballet in 1928. FTP, identify this Spanish dance which also titles the most famous piece of orchestral music by Maurice Ravel.

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Clifford Brown played this instrument for Art Blakey's Jazz Messengers, as did Freddie Hubbard. Another player of this instrument cut notable recordings with Anita O'Day during his time with the Gene Krupa Orchestra. Besides Roy Eldridge, another player of this instrument won the Pulitzer Prize for his oratorio, Blood on the Fields, and is artistic director of Jazz at Lincoln Center. Another player of this instrument recorded "Potato Head Blues" and "Heebie Jeebies" with his Hot Five. One man to play it led the albums Sketches of Spain and Kind of Blue. For 10 points, name this instrument played by Wynton Marsalis, Louis Armstrong, and Miles Davis.

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Composed while its creator was on vacation with Alexander von Zemlinsky, the music of this work was later used for the ballet Pillar of Fire. Opening with a slow, atmospheric introduction depicting a walk through the darkness of a grove, its two major sections depict a woman's confession of sin and the forgiveness by her lover. A sextet scored for two violins, two violas, and two cellos, it was arranged for orchestra in 1917, 18 years after its initial composition. Inspired by a poem of Richard Dehmel, FTP, identify this early work by Arnold Schoenberg.

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Cui would later use the opening melody of this work in the 9th piece of his Kaleidoscope: Orientale. The first section ends with a fortissimo rendition of the plaintive folk song, "The Sun Does not Shine," by a pair of trumpets, a moment that some critics suggest is meant to evoke a cry for help. It ends with a swirling virtuoso coda for the full orchestra that features loud and ringing accents presumably announcing victory. In later years, a portion of this work was replaced by inserting a melody by Glinka in the second section, where a rustic motif for the woodwinds is interrupted by a statement of "God Save the Tsar." Its composer's Opus 31, this work was written at the behest of Nikolai Rubinstein in 1876 for a benefit concert for Serbian soldiers wounded in the war against Turkey. For 10 points, identify this orchestral work by Pyotr Tchaikovsky.

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David Humphreys suggested that a “Cosmic Allegory†unifies this work, while Alan Street claims that it was written in defense of criticisms made by Johannes Scheibe. Its twenty-fifth section contains many chromatics and was nicknamed the “Black Pearl†by the person who recorded it first, while Jozef Koffler created an orchestral transcription for this work in 1938. Every third section in this work is a canon except the last, which contains two folk songs as a quodlibet. Revived by Wanda Landowski, it helped bring success to its 1955 performer, Glenn Gould. For 10 points, name this harpsichord collection consisting of an aria followed by thirty variations, published in 1741 by Johann Sebastian Bach.

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Dragon's Dance, "From the Island of Bali," and "Melody in the Mist" are among the more colorfully titled works in this collection, whose last six works were dedicated to Harriet Cohen. "Fox Song" is one of a handful of pieces in it with a voice part, while a duet format is used for such pieces as "Contrary Motion II." Triplets in Lydian Mode" A series of "Unison Melodies" opens this collection, which ends with a set of "Dances in a Bulgarian Rhythm," and is comprised of six volumes of didactic pieces that ascend from novice to expert level in difficulty. Hungarian Style appear in, FTP, what 153 piece set of piano exercises composed by Bela Bartok?

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Due to its extensive fugato, Francois Habaneck initially attacked this orchestral work for being too academic. Its first movement was described as "a fat bristly animal" by its composer and is reminiscent of Beethoven's Ninth, with which it shares a D-minor key. Wagner's Parsifal samples from that first movement during which strings, flutes and bassoons weave a liturgical mood and which culminates in the "Dresden Amen." During the fourth and final movement, a flute solo introduces and a clarinet chorus recalls a melody from a namesake Bach cantata, the hymn "A Mighty Fortress is Our God." FTP, name this symphony composed for the three hundredth anniversary of the Augsburg Confession; the 5th by Mendelssohn, nicknamed for the Protestant movement of the sixteenth century.

A

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A Masked Ball or Un ballo in maschera

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A Young Person's Guide to the Orchestra

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A [accept "A Major" before (*)]

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Aaron Copland

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Academic Festival Overture

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Academic Festival Overture (or Akademische Festouvertüre)

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Achille Claude Debussy

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Antonio Salieri

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Antonio Vivaldi

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Antonín Dvorák

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Appalachian Spring

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Beethoven's Ninth Symphony [accept Choral Symphony before mention]

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Beethoven's Symphony No. 3 in E-flat major or Eroica or Beethoven's Opus 55 (accept just 3 or Third or Opus 55 after Beethoven is mentioned)

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Bela Victor Janos Bartok

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Belshazzar's Feast

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Benjamin Britten

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Brahms' Fourth Symphony in E minor

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Brahms's Symphony No. 1 in C Minor [or Brahms's First Symphony; prompt on partial answer; "Brahms" not required after his name is mentioned]

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Brandenburg Concertos

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Darius Milhaud

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Dmitri Shostakovich

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Harold in Italy or Harold en Italie

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Harold in Italy, Symphony with Viola obbligato (prompt on Berlioz's second symphony or equivalents)

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Hebrides Overture (accept Fingal's Cave before it is mentioned)

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Hebrides Overture [or Fingal's Cave overture before mentioned; or Felix Mendelssohn's Opus 26]

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I Pagliacci [or The Clowns, early]

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I Pagliacci [prompt on "Clowns" until mentioned]

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I Pagliacci or The Clowns [accept loose English equivalents such as The Strolling Players]

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Idomeneo, re di Creta

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Lyric Suite [or Lyrische Suite]

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Ma Vlast (accept My Fatherland)

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Mahler's 3rd Symphony

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Mahler's 8th Symphony (Accept the Symphony of a Thousand before it is mentioned)

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Manuel de Falla

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Manuel de Falla y Matheu

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Marche Slave or Slavonic March

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Mars:The Bringer of WarÂ

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Mass [accept Ordinary Mass b/c the works are all more or less Ordinaries]

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Prelude to the Afternoon of a Faun or "Prélude à l'apres-midi d'un faune

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Prelude to the Afternoon of a Faun or Prelude a l'apres-midi d'un faune

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Preludes

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Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky [or Peter Ilich Tchaikovsky]

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Quartet for the End of Time [or Quatuor pour la fin du temps]

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Quatuor pour la fin du temps, for violin, cello, clarinet & piano, I/22 (or Quartet for the End of Time; accept any underlined part)

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Ralph Vaughan-Williams

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Ralph Vaughn Williams

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Sinfonia Antartica (accept Vaughan Williams's Seventh Symphony or equivalents before "seventh" is read)

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Spring Symphony or Symphony No. 1

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String Quartet [accept equivalents; prompt on "Quartet"]

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String Quartet in F Major, Opus 135

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Surprise Symphony (Accept 'no.9 in G major' before it is mentioned)

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Surprise Symphony or Drumstroke Symphony or Mit dem Paukenschlag (accept "Haydn's Symphony No. 94" before it is mentioned)

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Swan Lake

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Symphonic Metamorphosis of Themes by Carl Maria von Weber (accept equivalents with "Metamorphoses" or with different prepositions, e.g. "Symphonic Metamorphoses on Themes of Weber")

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Symphonie Fantastique

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Symphonies of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart [Both underlined parts required]

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Symphony No. 2 (or second)

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Symphony No. 2 in C Minor ("Resurrection") (accept Mahler's second symphony before it's mentioned)

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Symphony No. 3 in E Flat Major, Op. 55 (accept Eroica before it is said)

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Symphony No. 4 or Fourth Symphony (prompt on "Symphony" before the words "number shared by")

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Symphony No. 5 in D major/D minor ("Reformation"), Op. 107 (accept either underlined part; accept Symphony No. 5 in D major/D minor ("Reformation"), Op. 107 before it's mentioned)

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Symphony No. 5 in D-major [accept A Soviet Artist's Response to Justified Criticism before it is read]

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Symphony No. 6 in B minor, "Pathétique," Op. 74 [accept Tchaikovsky's 6 before "the name"]

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Symphony No. 7 [or Leningrad Symphony; accept either; require "Shostakovich" before read]

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Symphony No. 9 in D minor ("Choral"), Op. 125 [accept any underlined part; accept Op. 125 before it's mentioned and prompt on it afterwards]

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Symphony in D minor [accept Franck's Symphony before his name is read]

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Symphony of a Thousand

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Symphony of a Thousand [accept Mahler's Symphony Number 8 before mentioned]

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Symphony of a Thousand [accept Mahler's Symphony Number 8 in E major; accept Symphony Number eight after "Mahler"]

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Symphony on a French Mountain Air [or Symphonie sur un chant montagnard francais or Symphonie Cevenole]

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Tchaikovsky's Symphony No. 6 [accept Pathetique before it is read]

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The "Waldstein" Sonata [or Sonata No. 21 in C major, Op. 53; accept either underlined part before it is mentioned]

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The Art of the Fugue or Die Kunst der Fuge

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The Elixir of Love [or L'elisir d'amore]

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The Enigma Variations or Variations on an Original Theme

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The Firebird or L'Oiseau de Feu or Zhar-ptitsa

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The Flying Dutchman [accept Der fliegende Hollander]

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The Four Seasons [or Le Quattro Stagioni; accept The Contest Between Harmony and Invention or Il Cimento dell'Armonia e dell'inventione before "larger work" is read; accept "L'autunno" or Autumn before "louder than the plucked strings" is read; do not accept individual movement names after that point since information about multiple movements has been given]

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The Four Seasons or Le Quatro Staggioni

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The Girl of the Golden West or La Fanciulla del West

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The Golden Cockerel or Zolotoy Petushok or Le Coq d'Or

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The Impressario or Der Scahuspieldirektor

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The Magic Flute [or Die Zauberfloete]

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The Magic Flute or Die Zauberflöte

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The Miraculous Mandarin

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The Mozart Sessions

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The Nutcracker (accept Nutcracker Suite until *)

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The Open Boat

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The Passion According to St. Matthew or St. Matthew's Passion or Passio Domini Nostri Jesu Christi secundum Evangelistam Matthaeum

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The Pines of Rome or Pini di Roma

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The Planets Suite

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The Prophet (or Le Prophète)

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The Queen of Spades or Pique Dame or Pikovaya Dama

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The Rite of Spring [or Le sacre du printemps or Vesna svyashchennaya]

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The Seasons or Die Jahreszeiten (don't accept or prompt on "The Four Seasons")

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The Sleeping Beauty

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Three Places in New England

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Three Places in New England or First Orchestral Suite

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War Requiem

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Water Music

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William Tell (or Wilhelm Tell)

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clarinet

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etudes (accept study until *)

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the Brandenburg Concertos

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Mstislav Rostropovich

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Má Vlast or My Country

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Nabucco

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Nabucco or Nabucodonosor

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Niccolo Paganini

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Nicolay Andreyevich Rimsky-Korsakov

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Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov

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Nikolay Rimsky-Korsakov

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Nixon In China

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Nixon in China

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Norma

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Olivier Messiaen

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On Hearing the First Cuckoo in Spring

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On the Beautiful, Blue Danube or An der schonen, blauen Donau

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Orfeo

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Orfeo ed Euridice [accept Orpheus and Eurydice]

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Orpheus [or Orfeo]

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Orpheus and Eurydice (or Orfeo ed Euridice)

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Orpheus in the Underworld [or Orphée aux Enfers]

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Orpheus in the Underworld or Orphee aux Enfers

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Otello

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Ottorino Respighi

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Pacific 231

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Pathetique sonata [or Ludwig van Beethoven's piano sonata no. 8 in C minor]

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Pathétique Symphony or Tchaikovsky's Symphony No. 6 (accept just "Symphony No. 6" after Tchaikovsky's name has been given

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The Planets

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The Thieving Magpie [or La Gazza Ladra]

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The Thieving Magpie or La Gazza Ladra

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The Three-Cornered Hat (accept early buzz of El Sombrero de tres picos)

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Till Eulenspiegel's Merry Pranks or Till Eulenspiegels lustiche Streiche

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Toccata and Fugue, for organ in D minor, BWV 565 (BC J37) (accept any of the underlined parts)

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Tosca

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Tragic Symphony [or Mahler's Symphony no. 6 in A minor]

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Transfigured Night or Verklärte Nacht

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Trout Quintet

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Turandot

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Undine

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Unfinished Symphonies

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Unfinished Symphony (accept buzz of Schubert's Eighth Symphony, before the 8th is mentioned)

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Valkyries

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Verklarte Nachte or Transfigured Night

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Vincent d'Indy

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Vincenzo Bellini

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Vincenzo Salvatore Carmelo Francesco Bellini

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Virgil Thompson

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Virgil Thomson

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William Turner Walton

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William Walton

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Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

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Wozzeck

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Wynton Marsalis (prompt on just last name)

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Yo-yo Ma

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Zadok the Priest [accept any of the other anthems if someone actually buzzes on the first clue]

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Zither

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a ballade

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A number of the sonatas in Philipp Buchner's Plectrum Musicum feature one of these instruments rather than a cello, as do several of the trio sonatas of Giovanni Legrenzi. Johann Christian Bach and Johann Nepomuk Hummel both wrote concerti for this instrument, which also features in 37 concerti by Antonio Vivaldi. The Andante and Rondo Ungarese in C minor by Carl Maria von Weber is for this instrument and orchestra, and Weber also wrote an F major concerto for this instrument. It developed from an instrument known as the dulcian, and modern ones employ either the Buffet or Heckel system. Also featured in a B flat concerto by Mozart, FTP, name this woodwind instrument which uses a double reed, like the oboe.

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Act Three of this opera features the recitative "Sventurata," in which a servant mourns the blood shed in his city. In the aria "Zeffiretti lusinghieri," one character hopes that the wind will carry her songs of love, while another character claims that Alecto's torch brings her death in the aria "D'Oreste, d'Aiace." The servant Arbace creates trouble by suggesting one character be sent in secret to Argos. Meanwhile, the recently-exiled daughter of Priam, Ilia, competes with the unstable Electra for the affections of the title character's son, while the title character incurs the wrath of Neptune for his refusal to sacrifice Idamante. FTP, name this opera by Mozart named for a king of Crete.

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Both this man's song "I Love and I Must" and the Alemand that opens the Suite No. 7 in D Minor from his A Choice Collection of Lessons curiously bear the nickname "Bell-Barr." A popular anecdote tells how in one of his many catches, "Of all the instruments," this composer of Bonduca and The Spanish Friar mocked the "zingle, zingle, zing" of the viola da gamba to irritate John Gostling. Franklin Zimmerman lent his name to the "Z" numbers used to catalog the works of this composer, whose "Martial Air," or "Trumpet Tune," is often played as a fanfare at weddings, and whose Abdelazar contains a rondo that served as the theme for Benjamin Britten's A Young Person's Guide to the Orchestra. FTP, identify this Baroque composer who employed Nahum Tate as a librettist for his Dido and Aeneas.

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In his time, he was nearly worshipped by his fellow composers-Liszt compared him to Bach; and his improvisation sessions were so frenzied as to approach religious ecstasy. He never cursed, never engaged in name-calling games, never sought fame or money. As a result, he is largely forgotten in our time, although his influence in French music in the 19th century was considerable, as he was the teacher of both Chausson and d'Indy. His compositions include The Tower of Babel oratorio, the opera Ghisèle, and the symphonic Les Eolides. For 10 points, name this Belgian-born virtuoso on and major composer for the grand organ, who was organist at the church of Sainte-Clotilde, Paris.

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In one of his operas, Mamud switches his favored son Melindo at birth with the son of the Sultana Rustena. Along with Truth and Ordeal, he featured a female chorus playing Assyrian soldiers in his oratorio based on the book of Judith, Juditha Triumphans. He showcased four sets violin concertos alternating with a pairwise arrangement of keys in his L'Estro Armonico. His Mandolin Concerto in C Major is often paired with his most famous work, which comes from the collection of concerti grossi, The Contest Between Harmony and Invention. For 10 points, identify this Italian composer, who included the movements "L'inverno," and "La Primavera," in The Four Seasons.

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In the prologue to one of his operas the gods Virtue and Fortune argue about who is more powerful, only to be outdone by the god Amore. He used consecutive fifths as parody in his Canzonetta tre voci, and there is debate about the placement of the "Nigra Sum" motet in his Vespers for the Blessed Virgin. He featured a stile concitato in a setting of Jerusalem Delivered, entitled The Combat of Tancred and Clorinda. In one opera, Drusilla confesses to an attempted assassination to protect her lover Ottone, who had tried to kill Nerone's future empress. For 10 points, name this composer whose works such as Arianna, The Coronation of Poppea, and Orfeo, helped develop opera.

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In the rondo finale of the eighteenth of these works, the meter changes from 6/8 to 2/4 in the winds. The ninth of these works is nicknamed “Jeunhomme,†and the final one is in B-flat, following one of these works with a second movement entirely lacking left hand portions. Besides the “Coronation,†one of these works possesses a unique adagio in F-sharp minor, and yet another contains a Mannheim rocket in its final rondo following a peaceful, then furiously fast Romanze movement. For 10 points, name this type of work for solo keyboard and orchestra, 27 of which were composed by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart.

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In this opera, an apparition of Mercury strikes a breastplate with his caduceus, highlighting the fate of the central character. Despite his impending glory, Hylas expresses homesickness in the aria Vallon sonore. Iopas's aria Errantes sur le mers leads to the presentation of the Scepter of Iliona, and Iarbas's defeat follows its Royal Hunt and Storm. Other pieces include an early duet with Anna that reveals the queen's love for Sychaeus. Four ghosts, including Chorèbe and Priam, seal the two lovers' fates by convincing the title characters to sail for Italy. FTP, name this opera about Didon and Enèe, by Hector Berlioz.

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It is a one movement piece for two violins, two violas, and two cellos written in 1899. It was inspired by a poem written by the German poet Richard Dehmel and takes its style from the "love music" of Wagner and Richard Strauss. Later it was arranged for full string orchestra and became the music for the ballet, Pillar of Fire. FTP- what is this work which describes the happiness of two lovers who overcome personal tragedy to change a black winter night into something of great beauty, an early chamber work of Arnold Schoenberg?

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Marcel sings "Piff, paff" to the grotesque accompaniment of piccolo, bassoon, cymbal, and drums. Raoul de Nangis and Valentine share the duet "O ciel! Ou courez-vous?" In all there are seven major roles, and performances of the work are known as "nights of the seven stars." An 1876 collaboration with librettists Eugene Scribe and Emile Deschamps, it represents the pinnacle of French grand opera. FTP identify this history of Marguerite de Valois, the masterpiece of Giacomo Meyerbeer.

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Nicholas Cook suggests that “sheer perversity†is the reason why the composer of this work chose to compose a difficult, chromatic solo for the fourth horn in its third movement. The return of the timpani ends the trio section of its second movement, while a coda with an ostinato in the cellos and basses ends the first movement. Wagner dubbed the opening of its fourth movement “Schrenkensfanfare,†while “hammer-blow†octaves open its second movement “Scherzo.†However, most notable is the movements that follows the third movement “Adagio†and is scored for four soloists, orchestra, and chorus. For 10 points, name this “Choral†final symphony of Beethoven's which contains a setting of Schiller's “Ode to Joy�

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Once the deputy organist to Kerll at the Imperial Chapel, he originally studied under Heinrich Schwemmer. His son Hieronymus became an accomplished musican in his own right, but this composer's better known student was Johann Christoph Bach. Court organist at both Stuttgart and Nuremberg, some of his better known works include the motet Praise the Lord, the Hexachordum Apollonis arias and the Six Suites for Two Violins. Also known for his Magnificat Fugues, FTP, name this Lutheran baroque composer of Canon in D.

...

One character in this opera addresses the audience during the prologue and reminds them that the actors are real people with feelings in "Si può? Signore! Signori!" Set in Calabria on the Feast of the Assumption, trouble starts when two characters go off to a tavern to drink in the afternoon while Tonio stays behind to make advances on the main character's wife, who was waiting for her secret lover Silvio. The main character sings "Vesti la giubba" to prepare himself for their show, in which Colombina's exploits mirror the real-life situation and lead Canio to murder Nedda. For 10 points, name this opera about tragedy in a commedia dell'arte troupe by Ruggero Leoncavallo.

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Principal themes in the overture to this opera include a melody first given by four horns, then amplified by woodwinds accompanied by plucked strings; a light tune for strings; and a jaunty episode for woodwinds. Two notable ensemble numbers are "Ebbene, a te ferisci" and the Act I finale, "Quel mesto gemito," while its two most notable arias are "Ah! Quell giorno" and the title character's "Bel raggio." The title character murders her husband, Ninus, and later falls in love with her son Arsace in, FTP, what Rossini opera about a legendary Babylonian queen?

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Schonberg wrote two of them, Ode to Napoleon and A Survivor from Warsaw, and William Walton's Belshazzar's Feast is another example of this type of composition. The form was created by Giacomo Carissimi, and became a favorite of Schutz and Buxtehude, while Handel wrote a number of the secular variety, including Alexander's Feast and Acis and Galatea. FTP, identify this musical form, which is a scaled-down version of the oratorio, hundreds of which were written by Johann Sebastian Bach.

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Set during the reign of the Tsar Berendey, the opera features the wealthy youth Misgir, whose love of the title character cannot console her after she is repeatedly rejected by the shepherd Lehl, who in turn loves Misgir's betrothed Kupava. Longing both to love and be loved, the title character prays to her mother, the Fairy Spring, to be able to return the affection of Misgir, a request that is granted, but when she is about to marry him her heart is melted by a ray from the sun god Yarilo and dies, leading to Misgir's suicide. Such are the events in, FTP, what opera about the daughter of Spring and Winter whose words and music were composed by Nicolai Rimsky-Korsakov?

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The exposition of this work's "Allegro Vivace" first movement opens with an A major arpeggio up two octaves in triplets, while the recapitulation repeats the exposition transposed down a perfect fifth. Sylvester Paumgarter commissioned this work so the cello did not play the bass line and its unusual instrumentation was borrowed from a piece by Johann Nepomuk Hummel. A recurring motif of a rising sextuplet represents jumping through a stream. This work is written for piano, violin, viola, cello, and double bass substituting the bass for the second violin. It takes its title from variations in the fourth movement on the composer's earlier lieder "Die Forelle". For 10 points, name this piano quintet by Schubert named after a fish.

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The librettist was walking up and down the library in his new house when an enormous Japanese executioner's sword he had hung on the wall suddenly fell to the floor. The event gave him the idea for this opera. Nanki-Poo is in love with Yum-Yum, the most desirable of the 'Three Little Maids'. He was supposed to marry Katisha, but submits to banishment instead. Yum-Yum is supposed to marry Ko-Ko. But in the end, Katisha ends up with Ko-Ko and Nanki-Poo with Yum-Yum. FTP name this opera by Gilbert and Sullivan.

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The first of its three movements unfolds in 6/8 meter and includes a notable violin solo sixty bars in and a brief horn gesture after the change to 6/8. This first section ends with a forte-fortissimo brass attack, which dies away to piano. The final part contains a rhythmic gesture first introduced pianissimo by the cellos and bases, but it is solo flute and harp harmonics from the second movement that might prove familiar, as identical orchestration was used at the end of Prelude to the Afternoon of a Faun. That part, The Play of the Waves, is just one of the sections of, FTP, what work by Claude Debussy that translates as "The Sea."

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The first theme of this D minor piece modulates to C major and reappears three times in full, beginning a fourth repetition as the music fades away. That theme is set to the words "Meine Ruh is hin, mein Herz ist schwer." The climax is a high G harmonized by a C# diminished chord in the piano as the title character sings of the kiss of her beloved. At that moment, the cyclic accompaniment figure in the piano pauses, and then builds momentum to a steady whirring after beginning from individual rotations of the title object. FTP, name this Schubert lied [LEED] based on a scene from Goethe in which Faust's love is working in her room at the title object.

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The main theme of this musical work was first developed for the trio section of the composer's March in D Major, and its music was later adapted for his Coronation Ode with the words "Land of hope and glory". The first of five similar compositions by the composer intended to prove that serious music could be written in the military march form, the tradition with which it is most associated grew from its use at a Yale ceremony conferring an honorary doctorate on its composer, Edward Elgar. Named for a quote from Othello, FTP, what is this famous march now ubiquitous at graduation ceremonies?

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The opening theme of Brahms' 3rd symphony derives from this work's opening theme, which itself was adapted from the beginning of Beethoven's Seventh. Its second movement is a scherzo containing a gentle Landler whose chief theme is announced by bassoons and cellos. The work's title refers to an area around Dusseldorf where the composer worked as a conductor and the fourth movement, which adds three trombones, was inspired by a trip to see the Archbishop of Geissel's installation at Cologne Cathedral. Containing five movements as opposed to the usual four and composed almost ten years after the Spring Symphony, FTP, identify this E-flat symphony, Schumann's third symphony whose title refers to the Rhine river.

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The second movement, repeated virtually unaltered by Ravel in Daphnis and Chloe, follows a melancholy woodwind theme that is interrupted by nervous string oscillations that hearken back to the opening movement. That section presents a conversational melody in barcarole time interrupted by occasional brass accents. These two parts are followed by the flute melodies of "The Prince and the Princess." The title figure, represented throughout by a sinuous violin, introduces passages about the sinking of a ship, the arrival of the Roc, and a grand festival in Bagdhad. in FTP identify what symphonic suite containing The Story of the Kalender Prince and Sinbad's Ship, a work by Rimsky-Korsakov.

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This composer's parents considered music to be an improper career, but finally allowed this person to enter the Paris Conservatore at the age of 12. Born in 1892 and taught by Koechlin and Ravel, this composer of Six Chansons Francaise and Pastorale for Flute and Piano avoided the heavy harmonies and repetitive forms of German music in favor of a light, elegant style. After a long career, she died in 1983, having composed such pieces as the Bird-Seller ballet, The Master, based on the Ionesco work, and Games in the Open Air for two pianos. FTP, name this only female member of "Les Six".

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This composer's poetry-inspired song cycles include The House of Life, and On Wenlock Edge, which incorporate verses from the poems of Dante Gabriel Rossetti and A Shropshire Lad. While organist at Lambeth, he collected the folk melodies that would become "Shepherds of the Delectable Mountains" and Tudor material that influenced his most famous work. His opera Sir John in Love contains his famous arrangement, Fantasia on Greensleeves, but, FTP, what English nationalist composer is equally well known for his Fantasia on a Theme by Thomas Tallis.

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This composer's third Symphony opens with an impressive array of gongs and cymbals into a staggered bass accompaniment. This composer of two String Quartets also created a piece for two pianos titled Synthetic Waltzes. His critical writing was collected in such volumes as The Musical Scene and he composed film scores for such works as The River and The Plow that Broke the Plain. He included a tango and recurring references to the Song "The Bear Went Over the Mountain" in the ballet Filling Station and spent more than 30 years composing his Portraits for piano. Still another work by this composer of Symphony on a Hymn Tune opens at Avila Cathedral and includes the song "Pigeons on the Grass Alas," as sung by St. Ignatius of Loyola. For 10 points, identify this American composer who collaborated with Gertrude Stein on The Mother of Us All and Four Saints in Three Acts.

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This thinker invented a constructed language called the Lingua Ignota, and wrote a morality play about the victory of the Virtues over Satan, Ordo Virtutum. This opponent of the Cathar Heresy described a man superimposed on the world who turns on the points of the compass in the six-part Liber Vitae Meritorum, and depicted the Catholic Church as "Ecclesia," a powerful woman, in Scivias, a book of divine visions. Taught by Jutta and Volmar, she was one of the first people to undergo the canonization process, but was not officially recognized as a saint until the 16th century, almost five hundred years after her death in 1179. FTP, name this German composer and mystic.

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This work's text was strongly influenced by Gazzaniga's Convitato di pietra, which appeared eleven years before it. One character sings "Ah, pity me, my lords" after being confused for the title character, in an incident that also leads Ottavio to sing "My Treasure" about his beloved Anna, whose father was killed at the beginning of Act I. The peasant Zerlina often has to pacify Masetto's anger at the title figure, while Donna Elvira is informed of the title character's exploits by Leporello in the "Catalogue" aria. For 10 points, name this opera ending with the statue of Anna's father, the Commendatore, dragging the titular seducer to Hell, composed by Mozart.

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This work's third movement Andantino features an extended arabesque in the solo flute, while the second movement theme features a single note on the glockenspiel followed by phrases in the flute and piccolo. That theme originally appeared in a cultural study by Jean-Baptiste de Halde, and Rousseau quoted it in his Dictionary of Music as an example of Eastern music. This work was originally planned as a ballet to be produced by Leonide Massine, but the composer withdrew when he learned Salvador Dali would design the sets. Although it has three movements based on piano duets, with the last turned into a vigorous march, its second movement is based on an overture to J.A. Schiller's adaptation of a Carlo Gozzi play and is entitled "Turandot Scherzo." FTP, name this Paul Hindemith work featuring variations on pieces by the composer of Oberon and Der Freischutz.

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This work's third movement intermezzo features a section in six-eight time framed by clarinet solos in two-four. The first movement's introduction features three simultaneous motives above a throbbing rhythm in the percussion, and each movement is set a major third up from the previous movement. Alpine horns introduce C major in the fourth movement with a melody that the composer first scribbled on a birthday postcard to Clara Schumann. The composer responded "Any ass can see that!" when asked about the fourth movement chorale's resemblance to Beethoven's "Ode to Joy"; the similarity led Hans von Bulow to dub this work "the Tenth." FTP, identify this orchestral work in C minor composed over a period of twenty-one years by Johannes Brahms.

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Though this instrument does not seem to have great solo capabilities, it has been used notably in several orchestral works. In Mendelssohn's violin concerto it sustains a pitch from the first movement into the second, and in The Sorcerer's Apprentice, by Dukas, it contributes its distinctive wooden sound to the humorous accompaniment. For ten points, what instrument's saxophone-like sound in its upper register helped contribute to the riot at the premier of Stravinsky's ballet, The Rite of Spring, in which it plays the opening solo?

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Throughout this musical work, the same theme is taken up by different combinations of instruments, constantly increasing the sonority of the piece until the full force of the orchestra makes a final, thunderous statement of the theme just before its conclusion. Its single theme is in two sections, the first heard in the flute and clarinet, the second in the bassoon and clarinet. During a slow, 17-minute long crescendo, a side drum punctuates the Spanish dance rhythm for which it is named. FTP, what is this most-famous piece by Maurice Ravel?

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Two pianos and six percussionists are featured in one section of its third part, which opens with a chorus of boys who sing that Cupid is flying everywhere. The following section of this work features three glockenspiels and is known as "Blanziflor and Helena." Earlier sections include "On the Lawn," which features the German "Reie" dance, and "In Springtime." Originally staged in 1937 by the Frankfurt Opera, it begins and ends with a section about the "Imperatrix Mundi." FTP, name this orchestral work notable for its blaring "O Fortuna" section, which was based on a medieval manuscript and written by Carl Orff.

Brandenburg Concertos [or Brandenburg Concerti; or Brandenburg Concerto No. 4 before “natural trumpetâ€]

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By the Beautiful Blue Danube waltz or An der schoenen blauen Donau or Op. 314 (prompt on Strauss before "its composer" is read)

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Béla Bartók

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Cavalleria Rusticana or Rustic Chivalry

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Cavalleria rusticana or Rustic Chivalry

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Cesar Franck

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Chansons de Geste

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Charles Edward Ives

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Charles Francois Gounod

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Charles Gounod

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Charles Ives

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Cosi Fan Tutte, ossia La Scuola degli Amanti [accept Thus Do They All or The School for Lovers]

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Cosi Fan Tutte, ossia La scuola degli amanti [or Thus Do They All or All Women Are Like That or clear-knowledge equivalents]

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Cosi fan tutte (accept All Women Do the Same or They're All Like That or other equivalents; accept So Do They All before it's mentioned)

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Georg Phillip Telemann

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Swan Lake or Lebedinoje osero

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Symphony in White Number 1 (accept The White Girl)

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The Mikado

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the clarinet

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the nocturne

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He liked to concentrate on mischievous figures with his symphonic poems as evidenced by The Water Goblin and The Noonday Witch. At the end of his life, he turned to operas, like Rusalka, but he had first gained fame by getting a contract from Brahms' publisher, Fritz Simrock, who successfully published this man's Moravian Duets. Among his other successes were the American Quintet, the Dumky Trio, and his Slavonic Dances. His best known work arose from the Iowa melodies and African-American spirituals he picked up in the U.S. in the early 1890s. FTP, name this Czech whose fame rests in his Symphony No. 9, From the New World.

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His music was banned by Nazi Germany since he was a public advocate of aiding Jewish refugees. His musical education continued with Max Bruch in Berlin and Maurice Ravel in Paris. His output includes nine symphonies, incidental music for Aristophanes' The Wasps, and Fantasia on Greensleves, the latter being one of his many incorporations of English folk music in his compositions. FTP, name this composer who, despite being an atheist, used strong religious themes in revising the English Hymnal and composing Fantasia on a Theme of Thomas Tallis.

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His opus 113 is a collection of four pieces for viola and piano entitled Märchenbilder. More famous is a song cycle in which the singer's final word falls on a half-diminished ii6/5 [two six five] chord, giving way to an extended piano postlude in the parallel major of the main key of the final song, "Die alten, bösen Lieder." "Ich grolle nicht" is another movement of that cycle, Dichterliebe. This composer also wrote a piano piece whose first movement alludes to Beethoven's An die ferne Geliebte and a collection whose most famous piece is "Träumerei." FTP, identify this composer who, in addition to Fantasy in C and Scenes from Childhood, wrote the "Rhenish" and "Spring" symphonies.

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In Germany and Austria, two types of this instrument exist: The Salzburg, which is flat along its fretted side and curved out on the opposite side, and the less common Mittenwald, which is curved out on both sides. Both have 5 metal melody strings and 17 to 40 accompaniment strings. Technically, this family also includes hammer dulcimer and psalteries, but it is known best through the traditional music from the Appalachians. FTP, name this instrument which uses the left hand to stop strings and calls for the use of a plectrum.

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In John Corigliano's The Mannheim Rocket, it is followed by the blowing of a loud whistle. Kevin Love wrote a series of progressive variations for guitar on it, and an atonal version can be found in movement XVIII of Olivier Messaien's Vingt Regards sur l'Enfant-Jésus. Originally written by Francois Bouin, this song is the basis of a set of dissonant variations by Erno Dohnanyi, his opus 25, and a better-known set of variations that comprise Mozart's k300e. Also featured in the beginning of movement 2 of Haydn's "Surprise Symphony," this is, FTP, what nursery song, which expresses curiosity about a celestial object?

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Among his sacred works are three early settings of the Regina Coeli, as well as a work that features the soprano solo "Laudate Dominum," his Vesperae solennes de confessore. Two soprano soloists duet in the "Domine" movement of another sacred piece that also features three prominent subito piani in its "Qui tollis" movement and the soprano solos "Laudamus te" and "Et incarnatus est." His most famous sacred work, in which the four soloists sing together in the "Recordare" and "Tuba mirum," also features a famous "Lacrimosa" and was completed by his student Franz Xaver Süssmayr. FTP, identify this composer of the "Great" Mass in C minor, along with Don Giovanni and Eine Kleine Nachtmusik.

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Among his works for solo organ are Three Rhapsodies on Breton Melodies, and he wrote two cello concertos, Op. 33 in A minor and Op. 119 in D minor. His symphonic poems include La jeunesse d'Hercule and Le rouet d'Omphale. His most famous opera features the aria "Mon coeur s'ouvre à ta voix" and a famous bacchanal. Another of his works contains a movement which quotes Rossini's "Una voce poco fa," Fossils, as well as ones entitled Aquarium, Pianists, and The Swan. FTP, identify this French composer of Samson and Delilah, the Organ Symphony, and The Carnival of the Animals.

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Among the most moving pieces in this opera is "'Liu! Liu! Sorgi!" sung at the death for a character's unwillingess to betray the man she loves. Another is the brief aside of Ping longing for his small home covered in bamboo, far away from the executions he must help arrange. Its most famous aria demands that no rest be taken, which is a result of Calaf's success and his deal with the title character. FTP name this opera about the wooing of the daughter of the Emperor of China, famous for the aria "Nessun Dorma," the last opera of Giacchimo Puccini.

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An Andante con moto siciliana in 6/8 is the second movement of one of these works, composed in four days for Count Thun. The Presto finale of one of these works in D major is reportedly to be played "as fast as possible" and shares a dedicatee with an earlier serenade by the composer. The penultimate of these was scored to be played with or without clarinets, and is one of only two in a minor key. The finale of the last of these uses a theme previously used in Michael Haydn's Symphony No. 33 and ends with a five-voice fugato. For 10 points, "Linz", "Haffner", "Great G minor", and "Jupiter" are some of what orchestral works by the composer of The Marriage of Figaro?

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Brass and winds are played in short bursts of eighth notes over flashes of string to mimic laughter during its "Grotesque Dance of Dorcon." In addition to featuring fifteen distinct percussion instruments, a wordless chorus can be heard throughout this work. The second section begins with the exhausting "warrior's dance" and ends with a divinely aided rescue from a pirate camp. A series of parallel fourths in the horns and a triplet pattern in the solo flute represent three statues coming to life in a sacred grotto during its opening. Its epilogue, featuring a group of women playing tambourines in a manic 5/4 rhythm and dressed as bacchantes, is preceded by the reunited title characters dancing a duet in honor of Syrinx and Pan. Commissioned by Diaghilev, its composer would later adapt this work as his Suites No. 1 and No. 2 for orchestra. For 10 points, identify this 1912 ballet based on a drama by Longus, a work by Maurice Ravel.

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C.P.E. Bach wrote his 'Hamburg' Symphony for strings in this note's major key, and another symphony in this major key is sometimes nicknamed The Philosophical. That symphony is Bruckner's sixth, and Saent Saens' first cello concerto is in this note's minor key, as is Paganini's 24th caprice and Rachmaninov's Rhapsody on that theme. Playing this note's major scale starting on E would be identical to a Mixolydian mode, and when the Aeolian mode is played on the white keys of the piano, it is identical to this note's natural minor key. Beethoven's "Fur Elise" is in this minor key, as are both Schumann's and Grieg's piano concerti. Mozart's clarinet concerto is in its major key, and the dominant of this note is E. For ten points, name this note whose minor key has no sharps or flats, is the note played by the oboe for an orchestra to tune to, and which is found a whole step below B.

only 25 people remained in the auditorium by the end. FTP, identify this composer of the more favorably received Fourth or "Romantic" Symphony, who is sometimes better known for his Zeroth Symphony.

During his first meeting with Richard Wagner he refused to sit down out of respect for his musical hero. His first major musical work, Requiem in D minor, was written while teaching at St. Florian in Austria. In 1856, he moved to Linz, and while there he composed a version of Ave Maria and his Mass in D Major. He dedicated his Third Symphony to Wagner but its 1877 premier was a failure

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During his years at the commoners' Stadtkonvikt school, he composed an unfinished operetta, The Looking-Glass Knight. He remained poor, partly due to the continued failure of such operas as The Devil's Palace of Desire and Fernando. His orchestral works include the so-called "Little C Major" symphony and a C minor work known as the "Tragic" symphony, as well as incidental music written for the play Rosamunde. All those works are catalogued according to a system devised by Otto Deutsch, which is why they have "D" numbers. FTP, name this composer of the early 19th century who also wrote a "Great" C major symphony and an "Unfinished" symphony.

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During the same summer that the composer of this work was writing it, he was inspired by the death of the painter Feuerbach to write a piece in the same genre which consists of three movements in D minor. This work's second and fourth movements are C major maestosos, while it begins with a C minor allegro and also features an E minor animato movement. The composer's Opus 80, it was written after Bernard Scholz informed him that he would have to write a piece of this nature, and it draws upon such works as the "Rakoczi March" and the song "Gaudemaus Igitur." FTP, name this orchestral work which was written after the composer received a degree from the University of Breslau, a work by Johannes Brahms.

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While William Baker and August Jaeger are represented in this work, the composer dedicated the last one to himself, writing "E.D.U." next to the name of the piece. The one preceding this lacks initials, but evidence indicates that it is perhaps written to Lady Mary Lygon or Helen Weaver, who was the composer's fiancée before she moved to New Zealand. The fifth is dedicated to Richard Arnold, the son of Matthew Arnold, while the first is dedicated to the composer's wife. For ten points, identify this set of compositions which are modifications to some well known tune, composed by Edward Elgar.

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While staying in Darstadt, he almost completely gave up music, only writing some concertos and the operetta Abu Hassan. His Konzertstuck for piano and orchestra is still played but not as popular as his piano solo Invitation to the Dance. This composer's musical career began with his Opus 1, Sechs Fughetten, which he wrote while being trained by Michael Haydn, brother of Joseph. His fame rests on three operas, and one anecdote relates how he learned English for his commission for one of them, Oberon, which followed 1823's Euryanthe. FTP, name this German best known for his opera Der Freischutz.

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Its premier was conducted by Felix Mendelssohn. This symphony's composer received inspiration for the first movement, Allegro molto vivace, from the poems of Adolf Bottger. Opening with a brass fanfare found throughout the entire work, it gives way to the Larghetto of the second movement, punctuated by divided violins and trombones. The third movement, a scherzo, contains two trios, while the Finale adopts a theme from the composer's Kreisleriana. FTP, identify this symphony in B-flat major bearing a seasonal title by Robert Schumann.

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One character in this opera sings "Oh! Che volo d'augelli" before her ballatella "Stridono lassu" while Beppe has taken another character to the village. The aria "Si Puo? Signore, Signori" is sung near its opening, as is "Un tal gioco, credetermi" by a character who boxes the ears of Tonio; later on, it is Tonio who goes to the tavern and alerts that character, who then sings "Vesti la giubba." Taking place in Calabria during the celebration of the Feast of the Assumption, it ends with Silvio's death while the title character attempts to kill Harlequin during a play. This is due to Nedda's real-life betrayal of Canio in, FTP, which opera about a troupe of actors, written by Ruggiero Leoncavallo?

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One character in this opera sings "we fight, we die / and if we do not fight, we die" in an aria titled "I Am No One." This opera ends with one character singing "How much of what we did was good?", and its second act includes a performance of one of the eight model plays. Its title character sings "News Has a Kind of Mystery" after a giant plane descends from the ceiling in its first scene. With a libretto written by Alice Goodman, its third act features a foxtrot later adapted into the Chairman Dances. Including characters like the soprano Pat and the baritone Chou En-lai, for 10 points, name this opera by John Adams about a president's visit to a Communist country.

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One work containing this word in the title is based on the work of poet Aasmund Vinje and forms the second half of Grieg's Elegiac Melodies. A symphony subtitled this features a pizzicato section in its first movement, and a Scherzo movement containing two trios in opposing rhythms. Another symphony of this name includes poems by Milton and Auden and ends with a finale on "London, to Thee I do Present." This period of time appears in the title of a tone poem in which a clarinet, an oboe and strings imitate the calls of a bird, Frederick Delius' On Hearing the First Cuckoo in this period. For 10 points, identify this word shared by the opening movement of Antonio Vivaldi's The Four Seasons.

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One work named for this man was composed for the marriage of his daughter to Franz Xaver Spath, and is the longest of its composer's serenades. A better-known work of this name begins with an allegro con spirito movement, and the composer noted that the direction sciolto in its first movement called for "a clear and aggressive separation of the bowstrokes." Written in D major, it features a menuetto third movement followed by a lighthearted presto finale, which borrows from Osmin's comic aria "O how shall I triumph" from The Abduction from the Seraglio. FTP, name this 35th symphony of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart which was originally composed to honor the ennoblement of the namesake citizen of Salzburg.

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One work of this form in A-major incorporates a Recitativo-Fantasia and was written for Eugéne Ysaÿe by Cesar Franck. Schumann, Brahms, and Albert Dietrich collaborated on the F-A-E one, and the fifth one by Beethoven is popularly called the "Spring" due to its sunny disposition. Another of these works ends with a 6/8 tarantella in rondo form and was originally dedicated to George Bridgetower, but Bridgetower's drunken remarks convinced the composer to rename it. Tartini wrote an extremely technically demanding one called “Devil's Trill,†while Johann Sebastian Bach paired three of these works with three partitas for the same solo instrument. For 10 points, name this genre of works for a string instrument, exemplified by Beethoven's “Kreutzer†one.

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One work with this name is actually an oratorio which features such songs as "Shine Out," "Out On the Lawn I Lie in Bed," and "London, to Thee I Do Present." Another work known by this name was inspired by a poem by Adolph Böttger, and each movement originally had a descriptive title, such as the "merry playmates" of the Scherzo. After the composer put aside a G minor work in the same genre, he wrote this piece in less than two months at the beginning of 1841. This B flat major work was the first of four in this genre written by its composer. FTP, identify the shared name of a work by Benjamin Britten and the first symphony by Robert Schumann.

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The composer's sense of diablerie is palpable in the driving energy of number's eight and nine. The cavalry charge in number fourteen is meant to evoke the Romantic period of its inspiration, while the actual theme appears only by the second variation and appropriately in the violins. There are 24 parts in all to this concerto for piano and orchestra, in accordance with the 24 Caprices by the musician who inspired it. FTP, name this work by Rachmaninoff inspired by an Italian violin virtuoso.

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The female lead of this opera explains how the breezes will carry her sighs to her lover in the duet "Verrano a te sull'aure." Earlier she had sung of a ghost appearing near a fountain, whose waters turned blood-red, in "Regnava nel silenzio." In Act II, the male lead discovers that his beloved has signed a marriage contract, shortly after singing "Chi mi frena in tal momento?", this opera's famous sextet. The title character sings "Il dolce suono," as part of the Mad Scene of this opera that sees its title bride fall in love with Edgardo Ravenswood against the wishes of her brother Enrico Ashton. For 10 points, name this opera based on a story by Walter Scott by Gaetano Donizetti.

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This composer opened the fourth movement of his second minor-key symphony with a Mannheim Rocket. This composer of the Great G-minor Symphony wrote a well-loved C-minor Piano Concerto No. 24 and an A-major Clarinet Concerto. His wife Constanze lobbied Franz Süssmayer to complete this composer's Requiem. He composed the Prague and Jupiter symphonies, which are found in the Koechel catalog of his works. For 10 points, name this composer who wrote Eine Kleine Nachtmusik and variations on the melody that became Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star.

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This composer used a habanera rhythm and the double harmonic scale to portray the title "Evening in Granada," one of his Estampes. "The Sunken Cathedral" joins a mostly pentatonic melody in G-flat depicting the title "Girl with the Flaxen Hair" in his Preludes. The second movement of his most famous orchestral piece is titled "Play of the Waves," while "Doctor Gradus ad Parnassum" and "Golliwog's Cakewalk" are among the movements in his Children's Corner Suite. For 10 points, name this French Impressionist composer of La Mer, Prelude to the Afternoon of a Faun, and Clair de Lune.

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This composer's Dumky Trio and String Sextet are among his best chamber works, while larger-scale works include Symphonic Variations and a Serenade for Strings. His choral works were very popular in England, especially his Te Deum and Stabat Mater, though his operatic success is limited today to Rusalka. A close friend of Brahms, he blended native folk tunes into works like Moravian Duets and Slavonic Dances, though his most famous works were written in New York and Iowa. Also notable for his B minor Cello Concerto, FTP, name this Czech composer of the "American" quartet who was influenced by spirituals in writing his 9th symphony, "From the New World".

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This composer's chamber works include a single-movement piece in C minor usually known as the Quartettsatz, as well as a sonata in A minor for arpeggione and piano. His Rondo in A Major and Fantasy in F minor are major four-handed works for piano, and like Rachmaninoff he composed a set of four Moments musicaux for solo piano. "Die Leiermann" closes another work whose movements include "Auf dem Flusse" and "Der Lindenbaum," and the song "Die Forelle" is the basis for one movement of a piece that substitutes a double bass for the usual second violin. For 10 points, name this composer of Die Winterreise, the Trout Quintet, and the Unfinished Symphony.

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This composer's choral music included such songs as "The Renegade," and "My Star," but he could also do secular music, as in the Shakespeare Festival March. He wrote a concert etude for piano, On the Seashore, in the same year as his symphonic poem about a vassal of Harold Bluetooth, Hakon Jarl. His final opera, which dealt with a monarch's wish to destroy a legendary dam, was called The Devil's Wall. Both "The Dance of the Comedians" and the aria, "Is it Possible," appear in his opera about Hans' struggle to best Wenzel for the hand of Marie. That work was preceded by the story of Jira in The Brandenburgers in Bohemia. For 10 points, identify this composer whose best known work is composed of such tone poems as "Tabor," "Blanik,"and "The Moldau, and is collectively entitled Ma Vlast.

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This composer's early struggles ended with the publication of his Moravian Duets. He experienced great success with his less-ambitious works like the Scherzo Capriccioso and the Gypsy Songs, but his 10 operas, including Rusalka, were less successful. Although he composed the American String Quartet and the Dumky Trio, today he is known for introducing folk melodies into classical music, notably in the Slavonic Dances. FTP, who was this great Bohemian composer whose 9th symphony is known as the New World Symphony?

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This composer's first and last symphony are both opened by the timpani: the first with a sustained roll over which a clarinet plays, the last with a short roll opening its sole movement. He wrote a quatrain describing the titular wood-sprite, prefacing his Tapiola. An English horn depicts a bard singing in the second movement of a suite by him that has an Alla Marcia finale. An English horn is employed in another of his works to depict the title creature, as strings depict the shimmering water it swims in. This composer of the Karelia Suite and The Swan of Tuonela wrote another work protesting Russian occupation of his native country. For 10 points, name this composer of Finlandia.

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This composer's only oratorio includes grieving Bethulian women and depicts Judith beheading Holofernes. This composer used solo violins in his collection La stravaganza and 1, 2, and 4 violins for various movements in his 12 concerto collection L'estro Armonico. This composer wrote “Pleasure†and “The Hunt†for another collection, The Contest Between Harmony and Invention, whose first four movements are accompanied by sonnets describing a barking dog, an icy wind, and a sleeping goatherd in a meadow. For 10 points, name this composer who wrote The Four Seasons.

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This composer's three-part cantus firmus, Durch Adams Fall, demonstrates his mastery of word-painting. Beginning his musical instruction under Schwemmer, his organ works show influence from Froberger and Frescobaldi. His Magnificats served to enhance the vespers at St. Sebaldus, Nuremburg, where he served as organist, and in 1699 he wrote the set of six keyboard arias Hexachordum Apollinis. A close personal friend of Dietrich Buxtehude, he was also the teacher of Johann Christoph Bach, but his reputation today rests mainly on a work for three violins and continuo. For 10 points, identify this German composer of a Canon and Gigue in D Major.

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This composer's works for piano include a Fantasia on a theme of Hummel as well as the songs "The Pretty Girl No Longer Loves Me" and "The Sea Princess." This composer relied extensively on syncopation and dotted rhythms in his Symphony No. 1, in E flat major. In another work, composed in D major, this composer represented himself as the cello and his wife Ekaterina as the first violin. That piece, the second of his two string quartets, preceded this man's Petite Suite, which was edited and orchestrated by Glazunov. Although he died before he could complete a third symphony, he did finish a certain "musical picture," for the anniversary of Alexander II, that sought to depict a caravan moving across the deserts of an exotic title location. For 10 points, identify this composer of the Polovtsian Dances, Prince Igor, and In the Steppes of Central Asia.

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This creator of octave-free teaching pieces known as Gyermekeknek is also responsible for the suite Out of Doors. One piece by this composer is best known for its andante second section, entitled "Through forest aroving, hey-yah!" In addition to Cantata profana, this composer created a piano piece with a movement called "From the Diary of a Fly," a pantomime similar to The Wooden Prince, and a work for Sacher in which a non-standard instrument draws the work to its A-major conclusion. For 10 points, name this composer of Mikrokosmos, The Miraculous Mandarin, and Music for Strings, Percussion & Celesta; a collector of Hungarian folk music.

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This fanatical admirer of the German Romantic Jean Paul founded a society of friends known as "David's Band," and wrote a series of dances for piano named after him. Grieg's Piano Concerto is largely derived from an A minor concerto by this German, whose choral works include Requiem for Mignon. Better known are his Kreisleriana and his Kinderscenen, or Scenes from Childhood. FTP, name this composer of four symphonies, of which the first is called "Spring" and the fourth the "Rhenish."

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This instrument plays a long solo over a timpani roll at the beginning of Sibelius' Symphony No. 1. This instrument evolved from the older chalmeau, a word that also names this instrument's lower register. Multiple concertos for two soloists playing this instrument were composed by Franz Krommer, while virtuosos of this instrument include Julian Bliss and Sabine Meyer. Mozart's concerto in A minor for this instrument was written for Anton Stadler, while Stravinsky wrote the Ebony Concerto for Woody Herman. A glissando for this instrument opens Gershwin's Rhapsody in Blue and it represents the cat in Peter and the Wolf. For 10 points, identify this single-reed woodwind performed by Benny Goodman.

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This man studied under Antonio Buzzolla before receiving his education at the Milan Conservatory from Mazzucato. Influenced heavily by his friendship with Franco Faccio, with whom he collaborated on the opera Amleto, he gained much fame as the most prominent figure of the literary movement Scapigliatura. His musical career included composing the libretti for Ponchielli's La Gioconda. The composer of the opera Mefistofele, he is better known for writing the libretti to such works as Simon Boccanegra and Otello. FTP, identify this librettist most famous for working with Giuseppe Verdi.

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This man used portions of the Book of Genesis in his work Sarah Was Ninety Years Old. One of his works is based on St. Andrew of Crete's Canon of Repentance, and he composed Fur Lennart for the funeral of his country's former president. One of his works was dedicated to Gidon Kremer and consists of the movements "Ludus" and "Silentum," while a series of overlapping fifths formed the basis of his St. John Passion. He used only the pitches of the A minor scale in his Cantus in Memoriam Benjamin Britten, and his Fratres for violin and piano was featured on the soundtrack for There Will Be Blood. For 10 points, identify this developer of "tintinnabulation" and composer of Tabula Rasa, a proponent of sacred minimalism from Estonia.

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This one-movement orchestral work begins with eight solo cellos intoning the theme of the hymn God Preserve Thy People, which returns in full instrumental panoply at the end. Written to commemorate the consecration of the Cathedral of Christ the Savior, this work, the composer's Opus 49 in E-flat major, reaches a climax with the folk theme God Save the Czar shortly after the strings invoke the battle scene depicted by the use of the Marseillaise. Punctuated at the end with the ringing of bells and the firing of cannons, FTP, identify this work by Tchaikovsky that celebrates the end of the Napoleonic Wars.

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An opera of this name by Ferruccio Busoni shares the same basic plot as the more famous one, although it includes a part for Truffaldino as chief eunuch. The chorus of peasants is very prominent in the better-known version, in which they sing "Gira la Cote" in the first act. Toward the beginning of Act Two, courtiers sing about their country estates in "Ho una casa nell'Honan," then lament the need to prepare simultaneously for weddings and funerals. Act One ends with "A, Per l'ultima volta!" in which the peasants attempt to warn the protagonist, who rings a gong three times. The protagonist is then asked three riddles after the title character sings "In Questa Reggia," and having solved them, in Act Three he sings the triumphant "Nessun Dorma" in defiance of the title character. FTP name this opera about Calaf and a Chinese princess, the last opera by Puccini.

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In 1987, this man was diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, but it did not end his career, only paused it. As a child, he learned from such works as Verdi's Rigoletto and from recordings of Enrico Caruso an Giuseppe Di Stefano. He made his operatic debut at age 11 singing in a Manuel de Falla work. FTP, name this tenor, probably most famous for his concerts and recordings with Placido Domingo and Luciano Pavarotti.

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Only one page survives of a work by this man subtitled "A Pedagogic Overture" and written to accompany a planned ballet co-written by Percy Wyndham Lewis. This composer of Dr. Syntax scored the film The First of the Few, from which he extracted his Spitfire Prelude and Fugue. His second and last opera was billed as an "Extravaganza in One Act" and was composed to a libretto written by Paul Dehn based on a Chekhov play. This composer of the coronation marches, Orb and Sceptre and Crown Imperial wrote the operas The Bear and Troilus and Cressida. He gained early fame for his orchestral setting of Edith Sitwell's Façade poems, but is best-known for setting texts from Psalms, Revelation, and Daniel to music. For 10 points, identify this twentieth-century British composer of the oratorio Belshazzar's Feast.

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She gave her first complete piano recital in 1830, at age 11, and married against her father's wishes 10 years later. Most of her compositions were dated June 8, her husband's birthday, though she gave him Am Strand as a Christmas gift before their collaboration on the Liebesfruehling. FTP, name this musician, who became close to Johannes Brahms after her husband Robert went insane.

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The title character of this opera is a young girl who is in love with the local mill owner Stiva Burjiya, whose child she carries, and who spurns Stiva's brother Laca, who loves her and believes Stiva only loves her for her beauty. In a fit of exasperation, Laca cuts her cheek with a knife to prove that Stiva will no longer love her if her beauty is gone, which later turns out to be the case, though she eventually forgives Laca and they find happiness together. This is, for 10 points, a very brief sketch of what opera by Leos Janacek?

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This work's composer used the words "drunken fugue" to describe the bacchanal scene that forms the closing chorus of its third section. One of the gloomier moments in this work is the cavatina "Light and Life," which appears near the start of its fourth section. The composer quotes the "Quam olim Abrahae" from his friend Mozart's Requiem in the aria "Be Now Gracious" in this work modeled after a poem of the same name by James Thomson. Hanne, Lucas, and Simon, a trio of peasant farmers, are the three solo vocal parts in this work, which also has an aria quoting a theme from the composer's Symphony No. 94, and was finished three years after his earlier work in the same style, The Creation. FTP, identify this Franz Josef Haydn oratorio divided into the sections: Spring, Summer, Autumn and Winter.

Giovanni Pierluigi de Palestrina

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Girl of the Golden West or La Fanciulla del West

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Giselle

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Giuseppe Fortunino Francesco Verdi

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Giuseppe Verdi

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Glenn Herbert Gould

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Goldberg Variations

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Gretchen am Spinnrade (accept Gretchen at the Spinning Wheel and close equivalents)

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Gretchen at the Spinning Wheel or Gretchen am Spinnrade, D. 118 (Opus 2)

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Haffner symphony or Sigmund Haffner (accept the Haffner Serenade before the second sentence)

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Hansel and Gretel [or Hansel und Gretel]

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Hector Berlioz

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Heinrich Schütz

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Henry Purcell

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Hildegard von Bingen

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Holberg Suite or From Holberg's Time or Fra Holberg's Tid

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Hugo Wolf

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Hungarian Rhapsodies

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Ignacy Jan Paderewski

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Igor Fyodorovich Stravinsky

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Igor Stravinsky

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Il Trovatore

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Il Trovatore [accept The Troubadour]

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Il Trovatore or the Troubadour

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In the Hall of the Mountain King (Be nice and prompt on "Peer Gynt" before it's mentioned)

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Incidental Music to Peer Gynt or Peer Gynt Suite

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Isaac Manuel Francisco Albéniz

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Jean Baptiste Lully

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Jean Sibelius

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Jean-Philippe Rameau

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Jean-Phillipe Rameau

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Jenny Lind

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Jenufa

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Johann Pachelbel [do not accept "Taco Bell"]

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Johann Sebastian Bach

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John Milton Cage Jr.

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John William Coltrane

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Leo Delibes

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Les Patineurs or The Skaters

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London Symphonies

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Lucia di Lammermoor

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Ludwig Pachelbel

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Ludwig van Beethoven

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Ludwig van Beethoven's Symphony No. 6, op. 68 "Pastoral" [accept either; accept obvious equivalents such as "Beethoven's Sixth Symphony"; accept just the number after Beethoven is mentioned]

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Ludwig van BeethovenÂ

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Maurice Ravel

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Messiah [or HWV 56]

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Mikhail Glinka

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Mikhail Ivanovich Glinka

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Mikrokosmos

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Miles Dewey Davis

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Miles Dewey Davis III

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Mily Balakirev

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Modest Mussorgsky

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Modest Petrovich Mussorgsky

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Moonlight sonata (accept Beethoven's 14th Piano Sonata until *)

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Paul Dukas

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Paul Hindemith

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Pelleas and Melisande

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Pelleas and Melisande or Pelleas et Melisande

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Peter Grimes

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Petrouchka

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Petrushka

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Pictures at an Exhibition (or Kartinki s vistavki)

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Pictures at an Exhibition [or Kartinki s vystavki]

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Pictures at an Exhibition or Pictures from an Exhibition

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Pictures at an exhibition or Kartinki s vistavki

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Pines of Rome or Pini di Roma

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Pomp and Circumstance, No. 1

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Pope Marcellus Mass [accept The Requiem Mass for Pope Marcellus or Missa Papae Marcelli]

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Porgy and Bess

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Resurrection Symphony (accept Gustav Mahler's Symphony No. 2 in C Minor)

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Resurrection or Symphony No. 2 in C Minor (prompt for name before Mahler is mentioned)

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Rhapsody in Blue

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Rhapsody on a Theme of Paganini

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Rhenish Symphony (accept Schuman's Third Symphony before mentioned)

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Rhenish Symphony or 3rd Symphony

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Rhenish Symphony or Symphony No. 3 in E Flat Major

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Richard Strauss

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Rigoletto

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Robert Alexander Schumann

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Robert Schumann

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Robert the Devil or Robert le diable

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Rogier van der Weyden (or Rogelet de la Pature)

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Samuel Barber

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Satyagraha

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Scenes from Childhood or Kinderscenen

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Scheherazade

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Schubert's 9th Symphony (prompt on early "The Great")

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meistersinger(s) (note do not accept minnesingers, these were courtly predecessors)

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nocturnes

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oratorio

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organ

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pastoral or pastorale

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pathétique

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piano concertos

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piccolo

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preludes

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preludes (accept American Preludes prior to the word "American")

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requiem

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rhapsody

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saxophone

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sonata

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spring

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suite

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symphonies of Felix Mendelssohn

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the Academic Festival Overture

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the Enigma Variations (prompt on Variations on an Original Theme)

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the Goldberg Variations

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the Jupiter Symphony [accept Mozart's Symphony No. 41; or K551]

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the London symphonies of Joseph Haydn (accept the Salomon symphonies)

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the St. Matthew Passion or the Passion According to Saint Matthew or Matthäus-Passion

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the Symphony

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the Unfinished Symphony

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the Water Music

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the bassoon

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the cantata

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the piano sonatas of Ludwig van Beethoven (accept equivalents)

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the seasons [accept the four seasons]

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the symphonies of Peter Ilitch Tchaikovsky (accept equivalents)

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the violin sonatas of Mozart

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violin concerto

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violin sonatas [prompt on partial answer]

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vocalises

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 Giacomo Meyerbeer

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 Mozart's piano concertos [only piano concertos needed after mention of Mozart; prompt on “piano concertos†before that]

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“Moonlight Sonata†[or Piano Sonata No. 14 in C-Sharp Minor “Quasi una fantasiaâ€]

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études (accept studies; accept Symphonic Études before the second sentence)

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After his first success, the opera Macbeth, Romain Rolland persuaded him to give up his job as an accountant and take up composition full-time. Moving from Geneva to the U.S. he became director of the Cleveland Institute of Music from 1920-1925, a period when he premiered the rhapsodies America and Helvetia, the Concerto Grosso and the Baal Shem Suite. His Sacred Service and A Voice in the Wilderness were all successes, but it is for his early explicitly Jewish period that he is best known. FTP, name this composer of Three Jewish Poems, Schelomo, and the Israel Symphony.

Schubert's Symphony No. 9 in C Major (don't need name after it is mentioned) or "Great" Symphony

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Scott Joplin

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Scottish Symphony [or Scotch Symphony; or Mendelssohn's Symphony No. 3; "Mendelssohn" not required after he is named]

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Scythian Suite

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Semiramide

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Semyon Kotyo

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Sergei Prokofiev

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Sergei Rachmaninoff

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Sergei Sergeyevich Prokofiev

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Sergei Vassilyevich Rachmaninov or Rachmaninoff

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Siegfried

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Sinfonietta

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Sir Arthur Seymour Sullivan

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Sir Edward Elgar

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Sir Edward William Elgar

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Sir Michael Kemp Tippett

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Sir William Turner Walton

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Sonata for violin & piano No. 9 in A major ("Kreutzer"), Op. 47 (accept any underlined part)

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Songs Without Words (or: Lieder ohne Worte)

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Songs Without Words or Lieder Ohne Worte

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Spring Symphony (do not accept Schumann's First Symphony, since that is clearly not the title of the Britten work referred to in the first sentence)

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Symphonie Espagnole or Spanish Symphony

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Symphonie Fantastique [or Fantasy Symphony; or An Episode in the Life of the Artist]

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Symphonies of Robert Schumann [prompt on "works of Schumann"]

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Symphonies of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

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The Creation or Der Schopfung

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The Czech Republic [or Czechoslovakia or Cesko or Ceska Republica]

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The Damnation of Faust or La Damnation de Faust

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The Death of Klinghoffer

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The Dream of Gerontius

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The Magic Flute [or Die Zauberflöte]

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The Makropulos Affair (or The Makropulos Case or The Makropulos Secret) or Vec Makropulos

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The Marriage of Figaro or Le Nozze di Figaro

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The Marriage of Figaro or Le nozze di Figaro

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The Snow Maiden (Snegurochka)

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The Song of the Earth or Das Lied von der Erde

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The Threepenny Opera [or Die Dreigroschenoper]

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The Trout Quintet in A, D. 667

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The Twilight of the Idols [or Gotzen-Dammerung]

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Third Symphony or Symphony No. 3 (only need the number after the asterisk)

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Three Nocturnes

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flute

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fugues

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Frederic Chopin (or Fryderyk Franciszek)

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Frederick Delius

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Frederick Theodore Albert Delius

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Frédéric Francois Chopin [or Fryderyk Franciszek Chopin]

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Frédéric Chopin

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harp

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Frédéric Chopin [or Fryderyk Franciszek Szopen]

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Gabriel Urbain Faure

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Gaetano Donizetti

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Gamelan

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Gaspard de la nuit

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George Frideric Handel

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George Gershwin

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George Gershwin or Jacob Gershovitz

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Georges Bizet

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Germaine Tailleferre (tie-fair)

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Giacomo Antonio Domenico Michele Secondo Maria Puccini

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Giovanni Pergolesi

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Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina

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Achille-Claude Debussy

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Adolphe Adam

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Aida

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Akhnaten

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Antonin (Leopold) Dvorak

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Antonin (Leopold) Dvorak [dvor-ZHAK]

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Antonin Dvorak

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Antonin Dvórâk (DVOR-zhak)

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Antonin Leopold Dvorak

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Antonio Lucio Vivaldi

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Brandenburg Concertos (only need "Brandenburg" after concertos are mentioned)

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Cavalleria Rusticana [or Rustic Chivalry]

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Così fan tutte, ossia La Scuola degli Amanti (accept Women are like that, or School for Lovers, or So Do They All, or School for Lovers, or any other reasonably close answer, before the English translation is mentioned in the question)

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Creation Mass or Schöpfungsmesse

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Das Rheingold or The Rhinegold

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Dave Brubeck

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Death and the Maiden or Der Tod und Das Madchen

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Death and the Maiden or Der Tod und das Madchen or D810 or (Accept Schubert's String Quartet No. 14 until "the fourteenth")

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Death and the Maiden or String Quartet in D Minor or D810

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Der Freischutz [or The Freeshooter or The Marksman]

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Der Freischutz or The Free-Shooter or The Marksman

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Der Freischütz or The Free-shooter

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Der Freischütz or The Freeshooter

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Der Rosenkavalier [or The Knight of the Rose]

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Diabelli variations

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Dido and Aeneas

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Die Fledermaus (accept The Bat)

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Dietrich Buxtehude

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Divine Poem or Scriabin's Symphony No. 3 in C Minor

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Dmitri Borisovich Kabalevsky

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Domenico Scarlatti

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Don Giovanni

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Engelbert Humperdinck

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English horn (accept early cor anglais)

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Enigma Variations

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Enigma Variations or Variations on an Original Theme

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Fidelio (accept early buzz of "Leonore")

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Figaro

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Finlandia

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Four Saints in Three Acts

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Francois Poulenc

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Franz Lehár

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Franz Liszt

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Franz Schubert

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Franz Xaver Sussmayr

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Frederic Chopin

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A "Pezzo Elegiaco" and a massive set of variations are the two movements of his A minor piano trio, and he also wrote a set of Variations on a Rococo Theme for cello and orchestra. He wrote a symphonic poem based on the fifth canto from Dante's Inferno, Francesca da Rimini. The soloist enters with crashing D-flat major chords in his Piano Concerto No. 1 in B-flat minor. His third symphony is sometimes known as the "Polish," and his last, whose second movement is a waltz-like piece in 5/4 time, is a B minor work usually referred to as the "Pathetique." FTP, identify this Russian composer also known for the 1812 Overture and ballets like Swan Lake and The Nutcracker.

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A 1789 rearrangement of this work omitted the organ part, increased the woodwinds, and gave one of the alto solos, "But Who Will Abide," to the bass. Another movement in this work is a pastoral sinfonia titled Pifa. In an aria in this work, a tenor sings higher notes on the lyric "ev'ry mountain and hill," and lower notes when he sings, "made low." Besides "Every Valley Shall Be Exalted", in its most famous part, "King of Kings, Lord of Lords" is chanted while the audience traditionally stands. For 10 points, Charles Jennens wrote the libretto for what oratorio by Handel that contains the "Hallelujah Chorus"?

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A ballet based upon this work was produced by Sir Robert Helpmann. The aria "Red as the rose in Maytime" expresses Camille de Rousillon's desire to find a suitable wife, which leads to his many social flirtations. This work takes place in and around Maxim's, which is sung about in the famous song "Vilia." Baron Zeta is concerned for the economic welfare of Pontevedro and thus tries to convince his wife, Valencienne, to hook the Count Danilo Danilovitsch up with the title character, whose former husband has left her a fortune. FTP, name this operetta about Anna Glawari and her messing-around with foreign guys; a work of Franz Lehár.

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A controversial work on this theme added the confidante Laura and was composed by George Benda, while Berlioz, whose own opus 17 concerns this theme, considered the one by Daniel Steibelt to be the best of its kind. Two vehement anti-Shostakovich editorials in Pravda prevented the performance in Russia of a ballet on this theme that features a notable part for tenor saxophone. A work by Gottfried Keller provided the inspiration for one that contains the interlude "The Walk to the Paradise Garden" and is set in a village. For 10 points, name this play that inspired an overture by Tchaikovsky and an opera by Gounod about two star-crossed lovers.

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A late song cycle of his, which includes a setting of an excerpt from Joyce's Ulysses entitled "Solitary Hotel" and three settings of Robert Graves, is entitled Despite and Still. The poetry collection Permit Me Voyage provides the text for another song, "Sure on This Shining Night." A composition for soprano and orchestra sets excerpts from a prose work written by the same author, James Agee, and is entitled Knoxville: Summer of 1915. He is more famous for his The School for Scandal overture and an orchestral arrangement of a movement of his first string quartet, which he also arranged as a choral setting of the Agnus Dei. FTP, identify this composer of Adagio for Strings.

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A medieval estate is depicted in one of its sections, entitled "The Old Castle", while the gardens of Paris are evoked in "Tuileries". Although originally written for the piano, Maurice Ravel created the famous orchestral transcription through which it is well known today. Several sections entitled "Promenades" depict the composer walking about contemplating paintings like "The Hut on Fowl's Legs" and "Gnomus" found at a showing of the art of Victor Hartmann. FTP, what is this piano suite by Modest Mussorgsky?

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A month after the death of its composer, La Scala's orchestra and chorus led thousands of mourners in singing this opera's "Va, Pensiero", the chorus of the Hebrew slaves, which became a national anthem for Italian independence. The story centers around the title character, the King of Babylon, who with the slave girl Abigaille has defeated the Hebrews. FTP identify the opera composed by Giuseppe Verdi.

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A movement of a work written as incidental music for a play in 1876, its composer said that it should evoke images of "cow manure and super-nationalism." The increasing tempo and volume within helps evoke the majesty of its royal subject, the ruler of the Dovre-Trolls. It is both the tune that Peter Lorre whistles that gets him caught in M, and serves as the background music for some of Dazzling Dunks and Basketball Bloopers. FTP, name this instantly recognizable work written for Ibsen's Peer Gynt, composed by Edvard Grieg.

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A recent John Adams piece fictionally claims that his father knew this man. His chamber works include From the Side Hill and The Other Side of Pioneering, while his Second Symphony ends with a chord nicknamed "the Bronx Cheer." Central Park in the Dark was written as a response to the "cosmic drama" of a better-known piece dominated by woodwinds seeking "the invisible answer." In addition to The Unanswered Question, he wrote a piano sonata with movements nicknamed for Emerson and Hawthorne, and the Alcotts. For 10 points, name this eclectic American composer of The Concord Sonata and Three Places in New England.

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A slow fugue whose subject uses all twelve notes of the chromatic scale makes up the "Of Science" section of this piece, and other section titles include "Of the Backworldsmen" and "The Convalescent." A solo violin features prominently in the section "The Dance Song" and this work ends with an alternation of B major and C major chords. However, the most famous part is the opening, in which four trumpets, playing the rising figure C-G-C, are answered with massive orchestral chords and timpani beats. FTP, identify this tone poem by Richard Strauss inspired by a book by Nietzsche and used at the beginning of 2001: A Space Odyssey,

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A soprano sings, "I don't daydream and I don't look back" after receiving a glass elephant during a visit to a glass factory at the start of this opera's second act. In this opera's last aria, a man asks "How much of what we did was good?" During the second act three characters start acting in the play The Red Detachment of Women. Alice Goodman wrote the libretto for this opera, which opens with "The Three Main Rules of Discipline and Eight Points of Attention", sung to celebrate the landing of plane, while a foxtrot from the third act was adapted into The Chairman Dances. Chou En-Lai and Henry Kissinger, for 10 points, appear in what minimalist opera about a President's visit to an Asian country by John Adams

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A testo narrates a work by this composer that features a Christian knight who kills a Saracen maiden, The Fight Between Tancredi and Clorinda. A piece sometimes known as "Lasciatemi morire" and later arranged by the composer for five voices is the only extant part of his opera Arianna. The text of his first opera was provided by Alessandro Striggio, and it begins with a recitation by La Musica of her powers. Another opera by this composer features Ottone, who dresses in female clothes in an attempt to kill the title character, who is having an affair with Nero. FTP, name this Italian composer of the early operas The Coronation of Poppaea and Orfeo.

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Act 2 of this work begins with a scene featuring Billy and his fiancée, who sings a lullaby to her infant. Act 1 features the aria "Lavami e saro," in which the title character offers a Bible lesson to some of the other characters, while musical highlights of Act 3 include "Ch'ella mi creda," in which one of the characters asks that the title character not be told about how he died, and "Et tu mio trin," after which the title character walks into the sunrise with the man she loves. Ashby warns the characters about a gang of thieves, the leader of whom is saved from arrest by Jack Rance after the title character cheats at poker. FTP, name this work featuring the bandit Mr. Johnson and the owner of the Polka Salooon, Minnie, a 1910 opera by Giacomo Puccini.

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Act 3 of this work is set in "year 17 and the present," and begins with a scene showing the family isolated from the crowd before proceeding to the "attack and fall" and concluding with an epilogue in which the principal characters return as ghosts to observe the funeral of the title character's father. Act 2 is set in "years 5 to 15" and begins in the temple, before moving on to the creation of a new city. Act 1 is set in Thebes during the first year of the title character's reign, and features his coronation following the funeral of his predecessor, Amenhotep III. FTP, name this opera which premiered in 1984, the third in a trilogy which includes Satyagraha and Einstein on the Beach, a work by Philip Glass about a sun-worshiping pharoah.

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Act II of this opera includes the strophic aria "Voi che sapete!" in which a page expresses his love for Barbarina in song. The act begins with the cavatina "Porgi Amor" in which Rosina prays that her husband will love her again. Almaviva wants to partake in relations with Susanna, but is foiled when Rosina takes her place in, FTP, what Mozart opera based on a Beaumarchais play about the title character's nuptial affairs?

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Act IV of this opera opens with the cavatina "L'ho perduta," expressing distress over a lost pin, which causes the title character to become suspicious and sing the recitative and aria "Tutto e disposto...Aprite un po' quegl'occhi." A more famous aria sung by the title character addresses a page as an "amorous butterfly" and is called "Non piu andrai." The aria "Voi che sapete" is sung by that page, Cherubino, who is in love with most of the women in the opera, including the Countess Almaviva and the title character's betrothed, Susanna. FTP, identify this Mozart opera based on a play by Beaumarchais, whose title character was formerly the barber of Seville.

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Act Three opens in a bridal chamber before moving to the banks of the Scheldt, which is also the setting for the beginning of this work. That first act sees the arrival of Henry the Fowler and a confrontation between the title character and the husband of Ortrud. By the end, the title character kills said husband, Telramund, causes the reappearance of Gottfried, and vanishes though not via his swan-drawn boat. FTP, name this romantic opera about the savior of Elsa, a Knight of the Holy Grail and son of Parsifal, a work by Richard Wagner.

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After Oscar Pettiford broke his arm playing baseball, this man stepped into a lineup that included Dizzy Gillespie, Charlie Parker, Bud Powell and Max Roach to play in a stellar live show at Massey Hall. He was the first musician to use overdubbing on a jazz album in his recording of a six-part suite originally intended to be a ballet. That album, Black Saint and Sinner Lady, was one of many to feature Dannie Richmond, a longtime collaborator who first appeared on The Clown. He eulogized the Attica Prison Riots in Changes One, and composed a piece about school integration in Arkansas, "Fables of Faubus." That track appeared on an album along with "Self-Portrait in Three Colors" and "Better Git in Your Soul," though the best known track off that album may be "Good-bye Pork Pie Hat." The influence of his hero Duke Ellington can be seen in tracks like "My Jelly Roll Soul" which appeared on his album Blues and Roots, while his masterwork may be Epitaph. FTP, name this jazz bassist who died of ALS, best known for Ah Um and Pithecanthropus Erectus.

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After an early rehearsing of this piece, Ignaz Schuppanzigh allegedly told the composer to limit himself to songwriting. A staccato-filled D major passage forms the trio of its third movement scherzo, marked "Allegro Molto," and a frenzied Prestissimo buildup closes out this piece's final movement, a Presto tarantella in 6/8 time. Once orchestrated by Gustav Mahler, this piece uses a flurry of triplets in its opening Allegro movement, then switches from its primary key of D minor to G minor for its famous Andante con Moto second movement, a theme and variations based on an earlier song by its composer, cataloged as D531. The fourteenth such chamber work of its composer, preceded by the Rosamunde Quartet, this is, FTP, what Franz Schubert string quartet, whose music depicts a girl's encounter with the Grim Reaper?

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After hearing parts of this score, which includes "The Neighbors" and "The Grapes," Sergey Diaghilev commissioned the composer to expand it into a full-scale work, which caused its title to be changed from El Corregidor y la Molinara. Like another one of the composer's works, El Amor Brujo, it is drawn from a farce written by Alarcon. The primary characters are the miller and his wife, and their two dances highlight this ballet. FTP, identify this work by Manuel de Falla also known as El Sombrero de tres picos.

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After his first opera was well received, he was offered a contract to compose three operas at eight-month intervals. He turned out the first of the three, the poorly received King for a Day, during a period in which he lost both of his children and then his wife. After a time of depression, he wrote his first major success, which included the "Chorus of the Hebrew Slaves." FTP, identify this composer of Nabucco, The Force of Destiny, and Aida.

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Enrico Caruso called his favorite aria this work's "Vesti la giubba," sung at the end of act one and usually rendered in English as "On with the play." Silvio proves unable to help his beloved Nedda, who is stabbed by her jealous husband, ironically, while performing the commedia del arte scene between Harlequin and Columbine. For 10 points, name this opera, the story of Canio, which is the only work most people recognize by Ruggerio Leoncavallo.

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After the protagonist is arrested, this work refers to Beethoven's Fifth with a knock of fate. Other pieces sprinkled into this two-part work include the blackbird's song and a jota danced to the magistrate's humiliation. As it proceeds, the recurring Corregidor character dances various minuets while the flirty wife and her fandangos drive her earnest Miller husband crazy with jealousy. The opening, complete with castanets and an "olé" is often reproduced by itself. FTP, identify this work based on a story by Pedro de Alarcon and named for the antagonist's headwear; a ballet by Manuel de Falla.

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After this composer "discovered" Boris Godunov, he adopted Balakirev's time signatures for an orchestral triptych and employed a women's chorus for its third section, "Sirens." Two trips to Bayreuth influenced him and he parodied Wagner's "Tristan chord" in the "Golliwog's Cakewalk" section of one his Children's Corner Suites. His friend Gustave Doré conducted the premier of a well-known piece which was intended as the first of another triptych and which, according to Pierre Boulez, marked the beginning of modern music. That work's first section is dominated by the flute, which represents the title animal from a Mallarme poem. FTP, name this French composer of Three Nocturnes and Prelude to the Afternoon of a Faun.

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After working as the band director at his home county's mental asylum, this composer gained notice with early works like Sevilliana, the Imperial March, Scenes from the Saga of King Olaf, and Scenes from the Bavarian Highlands, while works created during WWI include The Sanguine Fan and Carillon. Many critics consider his finest work to be the cantata The Dream of Gerontius, which followed shortly after his first major success, the Enigma Variations. FTP, who was this British composer best known for five marches entitled Pomp and Circumstance?

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Along with Saint-Saens, he completed Guiraud's unfinished opera Fredegonde. After his cantata Velleda won the second Prix de Rome, he became music critic for the Revue Hebdomadaire, and his works include a Symphony in C, Variations, Interlude and Fugue on a Theme of Rameau, and La Peri (pay-ree), a ballet. FTP, identify this composer, who is best known for an opera, Ariane and Bluebeard, and an orchestral scherzo made famous in Fantasia, The Sorcerer's Apprentice.

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Although the specific details of its inspiration remain unknown, this four-movement piece was originally five-movements with the additional one being a second minuet before its Slow Rondo, but the artist eliminated it, and it is now lost. Written as a 20-minute singular piece in Sonata-allegro form, it is designated by number 525 in the Köchel catalog. Written in 1787 while the composer was working on Don Giovanni, it inspired a musical by Stephen Sondheim. FTP, give the common name of this piece, Mozart's Serenade in G, No 13.

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Among his late works is the string quartet From My Life. His brief time spent with Wagner led to one opera, Dalibor, which was much less successful than Libuse, an opera about a legendary figure in his nation's history. Another opera, The Brandenburgers of Bohemia, like many of his works was created after the deafness that set in as a result of syphilis. Vyserad and Moldau are just two of the six symphonic poems that make up his Ma Vlast, or My Country. FTP, name this Czech composer of the opera The Bartered Bride.

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Among the tunes this piece utilizes are We Have Built a Stately House in C minor, which Mahler later borrowed for his Third Symphony; and the lyrical The Father of Our Land played in E major. First performed in 1881 at the University of Breslau, this work employed its composer's largest orchestration ever. Bassoons introduce the comic movement Fox Song, a favorite among the college freshmen, though its most famous piece might be the Latin drinking song Gaudeamus Igitur. FTP, identify this scholastic overture that celebrated an honorary degree given to Johannes Brahms.

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Among those portrayed are Winifred Norbury whose laugh and the atmosphere of her eighteenth century house are caricatured. Arthur Troyte Griffith, a Malvern architect, plays the piano and William Meath Baker, a 'country squire, gentleman and scholar', informs his guests of the day's arrangements. George Sinclair's bulldog Dan paddling in the River Wye after falling in appears, though a discussion over Beethoven's slow movements with A J Jaeger, called Nimrod, is probably the most famous. For 10 points, name this 1899 work in which Elgar created images based on his friends.

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An A minor composition of this type by this man was discovered in 1983 and nicknamed "Odense." Gustave Nottebohm noted that Beethoven's Fifth Symphony bears a theme similar to the opening of the final movement the second to last one, which is sometimes called his "Great" G-Minor, while an eight movement serenade was reworked into yet another one. A more well-known composition one begins with an adagio introduction, while another one, reminiscent of a work by Michael Haydn, ends the molto allegro with a five-voice fugato, and its name was coined by Johann Peter Salomon. The "Haffner" is one of, FTP, which type of composition by which man, including his 38th, nicknamed "Prague", and 41st, nicknamed "Jupiter"?

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An ambitious producer named Frank has the idea of forming his own opera company with the help of his friend Buff and quickly gains the services of the singers Madame Herx and Mademoiselle Silberklang. The problem starts when each wants more money than the other, and Frank is on the point of hanging it up when his backer Monsieu Vogelsgand persuades the two prima donnas to work together for the good of the production. Such is the plot of what lighthearted satire of the vanity of opera singers by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart?

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An onrushing scherzo is interrupted by a selection of "hunt music" in the third-movement Trio. This follows a C minor slow "Funeral March" section, which was preceded by the unusually long first movement that features a jarring C sharp breaking up the symphony's main theme. Although it was really dedicated to Prince Lobkowitz, one story posits that it was called Sinfonia Grande in honor of another man. That is, until the conductor read an article brought to him by pupil Ferdinand Ries that Napoleon had declared himself emperor. FTP identify this work which was completed in 1804 by Ludwig Van Beethoven, a symphony in E Flat Major also known as the Eroica.

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Famous arias in this opera include "Let her among you without fault" and "Steady! There you are! Nearly home!", while its orchestral sections are often performed separately under the title of "sea interludes." Based on a libretto by Montagu Slater, its protagonist, already under suspicion for the death of a previous apprentice, disregards the advice of Ellen Orford and takes on a second apprentice, who is also killed as they flee an angry mob, prompting the protagonist, a Suffolk fisherman, to sink with his boat into the sea. FTP, identify this most frequently performed English opera, composed by Benjamin Britten.

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An opera named for this work's composer claims that this work was inspired by angels and written in one night shortly after the death of its composer's wife Lukrezia. That opera by Hans Pfitzner sees this work recovered by its composer's pupil Silla and his son Ighino. Its composer structured the longer movements homophonically and deployed a slow contrapuntal technique. This work, which was first played at Cardinal Vitellozzi's home, included a dedication letter detailing its composer's "novo modorum genere", or "new stylistic approach." Its last section is scored for a countertenor and a treble rather than a tenor, and that section, the Agnus Dei, is in two parts rather than three. Its Kyrie and Sanctus were written to show that imitation didn't have to obscure the content of the words and was presented to the Council of Trent. For 10 points, identify this work sometimes credited with saving polyphonic music, a mass dedicated to and named for a particular pope, which was composed by Giovanni Palestrina.

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An opera of the this name by Domenico Monleone prompted a lawsuit from the composer of the more famous version. Villagers sing "Gli arancio olezzano" near the beginning of this work, whose protagonist sings an aria describing one character as "as lovely as the bright blossoms of spring." This opera's aria "Vio lo sapete" contains Santuzza's confession of her adultery to Lucia, while the main character sings "Viva, il vino spumeggiante" to invite Alfio to drink with him. Alfio's refusal provokes a duel between him and Turridu. Based on a short story by Giovanni Verga, for 10 points, name this verismo opera by Pietro Mascagni often performed with Leoncavallo's I Pagliacci.

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An outspoken defender of human rights, he hosted Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn for four years. With his wife, singer Galina Vishnevskaya, he left the Soviet Union in 1974 but returned without a visa in 1991. During the failed Soviet coup he was hailed as a national hero. Better known as a musician, he was soloist in the premieres of two Shostakovich concerti. He has been music director of the National Symphony Orchestra of Washington since 1977. For 10 points, name this legendary cellist.

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Arias of this composer include "Cinta di Fiori" and "Qui la Voce Sua Soave," which appears his work based on the literary work Old Mortality. His tombstone contains the line "I did not think to see you extinguished so soon, oh flower," which is a line found in his opera which features characters such as Lisa, Elvino, Amina, and Count Rodolfo. Felice Romani was the librettist for many of his operas, including The Pirate. The title character of another of his operas, the daughter of Oroveso, is a Druid priestess who has two children with a Roman proconsul named Pollione. FTP, name this Italian composer of The Puritans, The Sleepwaker, and Norma.

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As a mature composer, he orchestrated tunes he wrote as a child into his Nursery Suite and two The Wand of Youth suites. In 1932, he conducted a recording of his Violin Concerto in B minor, with Yehudi Menuhin as the soloist. His overtures include ones titled Froissart and In the South. He set a poem by Cardinal Newman for his oratorio, The Dream of Gerontius. An orchestral work by him contains portraits of his friends, including Augustus Jaeger, who is depicted in an Adagio called Nimrod, and is based on a mysterious, never-played theme. For 10 points, name this British composer of the Enigma Variations and the Pomp and Circumstance Marches.

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As a young man, he participated in friendly keyboard competition with Handel, and the two remained lifelong friends. While in Lisbon, he taught the Infanta Maria Barbara, and was later choirmaster at St. Peter's in Rome. The American harpsichordist Ralph Kirkpatrick catalogued many of his works, giving them "K." numbers. FTP, identify this son of the operatic composer Alessandro, who wrote over 600 sonatas for the harpsichord.

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As a youth he studied with Carl Czerny in Vienna and went on to take composition lessons from Ferdinando Paer and Anton Reicha. His major compositions include the character pieces that make up the three-volume Years of Pilgrimage and a symphonic poem based on lines by his friend Lamartine, Les Preludes. His orchestral works include the two Mephisto Waltzes, but he is remembered for it is for compositions for a specific instrument, as in his 12 Transcendental Etudes. FTP, name this man, whose other compositions for the piano include his set of 20 Hungarian Rhapsodies.

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At a critical moment in this opera, trumpet calls announce the arrival of the Prime Minister, who takes the stage to right all wrongs and arrest the villain Pizarro. That tyrant Pizarro has been holding Florestan, the husband of the title character, in a prison for some time. Thus, the title character changes her name, dresses as a boy, and gets a job with Rocco, the kindly caretaker of the prison. Things get confusing when Rocco's daughter, Marcellina falls in love with the apparently male title character, and Marcellina's admirer, Jacquino, becomes jealous. FTP, identify this opera, which was first named Leonore, but revised and released in 1814, the only opera written by Ludwig van Beethoven.

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At one point in this opera, a character bangs on a door and the entire building around her makes a "cavernous sighing" noise, and later, a blinding ray of light is accompanied by a C major chord in the entire orchestra. It begins with a sometimes-omitted spoken prologue that asks whether the stage is "outside or in." A minor second forms the blood motif in this work, in which an armory, a lake of tears, and a torture chamber are behind three of the seven doors in the titular structure now home to Judith. For 10 points, identify this psychological opera in which Judith discovers the three former wives of the title character, a work of Bela Bartok.

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At one point in this work, a man refuses to return a borrowed telescope, while earlier, another character poses with a dove for a photo and asks "Can women have wishes?" It includes the much-mocked line "Pigeons on the grass, alas," and its scenery was painted by Maurice Grosser, to which Florine Stettheimer added cellophane for its premiere performance by the Friends and Enemies of Modern Music, an all-black troupe. It ends with the call-and-response couplet, "Last act...which is a fact." For 10 points, name this opera which parallels the Lost Generation of Paris and the sixteenth-century Spanish religious orders, written by Gertrude Stein and Virgil Thomson.

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He made his professional debut in New Orleans with the band of "Kid" Ory, but five years later went to Chicago to join the Creole Jazz Band of his teacher, Joe Oliver. As an actor, he starred in High Society, Cabin the the Sky, and The Five Pennies. Despite the title of his autobiography, Satchmo, My Life in New Orleans, he spent most of his professional career in the North. He is most famous for his musical compositions, which include "Wild Man Blues." FTP, name this jazz trumpeter of "I've Got a Heart Full of Rhythm."

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At one point in this work, a third melody, initially played by the clarinet, appears, but is soon ended with a single harp arpeggio. The first section, which is carried along by a three-note dotted figure that moves down by a semitone and then moves back up again, opens with a chromatic Lento introduction in cellos and basses that is eventually joined by another melody, sometimes known as the "faith" motif." Marked "Allegretto," its second section, particularly the portion which contrasts plucked strings with the main melody in the English horn, initially disturbed many reviewers, who panned its 1889 premiere in Paris. Composed in three rather than the usual four movements, this piece, its composer's Opus 48, is his only work in a particular format. For 10 points, identify this long orchestral work in a certain key by Cesar Franck.

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At the Castle Gate and "The Three Blind Sisters" are two of the sections written by Sibelius as in the piece of incidental music with this title. While a cabaret musician in Berlin, Schoenberg also wrote a symphonic poem, his Opus No. 5, on this theme. The famous Sicilienne movement is included among the four sections of the orchestral suite composed by Faure. However, the most famous rendition might be the opera of Debussy. FTP, identify these musical works all based on a play written by Maurice Maeterlinck.

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At the age of 16 he started studying under the trio of Gaetano Greco, Francesco Feo, and Francesco Durante. His reputation for genius gained him a commission from the fraternity of San Luigi di Palazzo for a Stabat Mater to replace one by Alessandro Scarlatti. His first major work, the sacred drama La conversione di San Guglielmo d'Aquitania, began a string of successes that included the operas La Salustia, Adrian in Syria, and L'Olimpiade. FTP, name this 18th-century Italian, who composed the first important opera buffa with his La Serva Padrona.

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At the beginning of this opera a baritone describes getting money from an English Lord who hired him to play nonstop until a parrot died. The soprano tells her lover to keep a pink bonnet hidden under her pillow in the aria "Donde lieta usci". The tenor worries about a woman's cold hands in the aria" Che Gelida Manina" after a flower girl asks for a match because her two candles went out. In "Vecchia Zimarra" Colline laments selling his favorite coat to buy medicine. This opera's second act features the aria "Quando me n'vo" in which Musetta dances her waltz to recapture her former lover Marcello. For 10 points, name this Puccini opera set in the Latin Quarter of Paris, which ends when Mimi dies in the hands of Rodolfo.

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At the end of this work, its composer's opus 34, the brass section plays the central theme while the instruments enter a fugue one by one beginning with the piccolo. The central theme is taken from the incidental music to Aphra Behn's Abdelazar. In sequence, the woodwind, brass, strings, and percussion are then featured with each individual instrument given its own variation. Subtitled Variations and Fugue on a Theme by Henry Purcell, FTP, name this work originally composed to accompany a documentary on the orchestra by Benjamin Britten.

identify this symphonic poem describing spaces in which the title trees flourish, a work by Ottorino Respighi.

At the premiere its conductor was quoted as saying "let them boo, what do I care," and although the piece ended with a crowd pleasing march, audience members were displeased by the third movement's use of a recorded nightingale. Its opening depicts children at play and features a discordant trumpet call, this is contrasted by an austere second movement that climaxes with an insistent string figure in fifths. The music serves to evoke the title city and guides the listener from the "Villa Borghese" to "the Catacombs" and finally to the Appian Way. For 10 points

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At the time of his death his wardrobe was found to consist mostly of identical handkerchiefs and velvet coats, and many umbrellas. He once said that he wrote "furniture music," which was meant to be in the background. Some of this eccentric composer's works include the duet Trois Morceaux en forme de Poire and the ballet Relâche, with film sequences included. His other works include The Dreamy Fish, Drivelling Preludes (For a Dog), and Desiccated Embryos. He helped to shape the style of modern ballet, and worked closely with Cocteau and Picasso. FTP, identify this mentor of Les Six whose compositions include Vexations and Parade.

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At this work's first performance, confusion resulted when groups of performers were positioned in different galleries where they could not see each other. The text used for this work had been previously set to music in 1660 by Henry Lawes. Its composer stated, "I have read my Bible very well and shall choose for myself" in response to the bishops' wish to assign him texts. Its middle section features the chorus repeating "Rejoice" over a dotted rhythm in the orchestra, and its opening section features the line "Nathan the Prophet anointed Solomon king". It was followed by Let Thy Hand Be Strengthened, The King Shall Rejoice, and My Heart is Inditing in the composer's set of four Coronation Anthems for George II. For 10 points, name this Handel work named for a servant of King David.

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Cellos are doubled by bassoons before the tutti at "juxta crucem lacrimosa" in the opening movement of this composer's setting of Stabat Mater. Six settings of "Mi lagnero tacendo" that he called Musique anodine and his Petite Messe Solonelle are included in his Sins of Old Age, while another of his works concerns the daughter of the King of Lesbos, Polidoro. This composer of Zelmire also substituted a philosopher named Alidoro and Don Magnifico for the traditional fairy godmother and wicked stepmother in La Cenerenterola. In his most famous work, the title character, introduced with the aria "Largo al factotum," preoccupies Lindoro so that his compatriot can find time with Rosina, who ultimately marries Count Almaviva. For 10 points, identify this composer of William Tell and The Barber of Seville.

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Early works, which he would later disparage, include Your Black Eyes and The Loves of Ines . His relationship with Dukas led to an elegiac piece called For the Tomb of Dukas , and introduced his work to the rest of Europe. After adapting Othello to music, he joined the Teatro de Arte where he met Lorca. But, with the coming of the Civil War, works like Love, the Magician and The Short Life were not considered nationalist enough, leading to his study of Catalan and work on his final piece L' Atlantida , left unfinished at his death in Buenos Aires. FTP identify this Madrid-born composer whose best known works include Nights in the Gardens of Spain and The 3 Cornered Hat .

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For its 100th anniversary in 1942, the Vienna Philharmonic commissioned Alfredo Casella to write an orchestral suite inspired by the work of this composer. Franz Lehar wrote an operetta about this man, while Eugène Ysaye wrote a set of variations for violin and piano inspired by his work. More famously, Franz Liszt wrote a set of six "grandes études" for piano which were arrangements of his work, including a version of this man's "La Campanella" from his second violin concerto. This man wrote the Moto Perpetuo for violin and orchestra, but is better known for a work which inspired compositions by Brahms and Rachmaninov. FTP, name this Italian composer and virtuoso violinist who wrote 24 Caprices.

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Four years after its premier, this work's commissioner finally heard it and sent the composer a message stating, "Beethoven is dead and [this work's composer] alone can revive him." The primary theme was recycled from the composer's unpublished concert overture Rob Roy. Paganini commissioned this piece after acquiring a Stradivarius viola, and the viola part portrays the melancholy title character. Partially inspired by the composer visit to the region of Abruzzo, where all of the movements are set, FTP, name this second symphony by Hector Berlioz which was inspired by and takes its title from a poem by Lord Byron.

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Francois-Antoine Habeneck first conducted the premier of this musical work, for which the composer recycled his Marche des Gardes from his ill-fated opera Les Francs Juges and placed it in the penultimate movement. The solo cornet is the highlight of the second movement, entitled A Ball, while the final movement portrays an orgiastic festival and is called Dream of a Witches' Sabbath. The first movement is Reveries and Passions, though it is the fourth movement, March to the Scaffold, that best develops this symphony's idée fixe. Dedicated to Harriet Smithson, FTP, identify this most famous work of Hector Berlioz.

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Gabriel Faure's version ditched all parts that called for drums and bass, while Berlioz's called for four brass choirs among other things. Hindemith wrote one for President Roosevelt based on Walt Whitman's "When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom'd," and Benjamin Britten's version contains nine poems by Wilfred Owen interspersed with the original text. Mozart's was uncompleted at his death, and Brahms set verses of the German Bible to music in his version. The Dies Irae [DEE-es EYE-ray] is now optional in, FTP, what type of choral work that is a proper Mass for the souls of the dead?

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Gamelan music from Java was the inspiration for this composer's only String Quartet in G minor. “Footsteps in the Snow,†“The Sunken Cathedral,†and “The Girl with the Flaxen Hair†all appear in his first set of Préludes. A parody of Wagner's Tristan und Isolde appears in this composer's “Golliwogg's Cakewalk,†part of his Children's Corner suite. This composer composed a work in which a harp plays a dreamy theme after a descending chromatic scale in a flute introduction, which was inspired by a Mallarmé poem. For 10 points, name this French composer of “Prelude to the Afternoon of a Faun†and “Claire de Lune.â€

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Hans von Bülow called this work a "law unto itself," and the composer of this work claimed that he put the piece together from a couple of entr'actes. The recapitulation of the first movement begins with this work's only marking of 3 p's. In the opening of this work, the violins play only in descending thirds and ascending sixths, though the woodwinds imitate those figures as chords, while the piccolo and triangle only play in the allegro giocoso third movement. The aforementioned chains of falling thirds allude to the composer's song "O Death," while the fourth movement of this work is a set of thirty-two variations on the cantata Nach dir, Herr, verlanget mich, originally thought to be composed by J.S. Bach. For 10 points, identify this work by the composer of the Academic Festival Overture which followed three others of the same genre.

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He began a novel, Die Davidsbundler, in 1831 while studying piano under his future father-in-law. He later used the names of two of its characters, Florestan and Eusebius, to describe his own split personality. That mental illness led him to throw himself into the Rhine in 1854, and he died two years later in a sanatorium near Bonn, where the only visitor he welcomed was Brahms. FTP, name this German composer of the Rhenish and Spring Symphonies, who was married to Clara.

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He began to compose a cantata in 1863 which was based on a dramatic poem by Goethe, and is named for a knight who becomes enchanted by the witch Armida. He adapted the theme from the Presto section of the Choral Symphony for the final movement of his first symphony, which took him fifteen years to complete. One of his most famous works was written for the newly born son of his friend Bertha Faber, while he combined a full chorus, solo voices, and an orchestra with texts from the Lutheran Bible for his great choral work, the German Requiem. FTP, identify this Romantic composer from Austria, best known for variations on themes from Haydn and Handel, the Academic Festival Overture, and for his Lullaby.

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He controversially produced a setting of Shakespeare's 66th sonnet in his Six Romances to Words by English Poets. His last major work was a Viola Sonata he finished editing days before his death, while his other late works include the Suite on Words of Michelangelo, four string quartets dedicated to each member of the Beethoven Quartet, and a Violin Sonata composed for David Oistrakh. He wrote several ballets, including The Limpid Stream and The Golden Age, while he revised his best-known opera as Katerina Izmaylova, though it is better-known for the title which it shares with the Nikolai Leskov story on which it is based. FTP, name this Russian composer of 15 symphonies, including "Babi Yar" and "Leningrad."

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He dedicated his great volume of Latin church music to Pope Paul V, hoping to get his son Francesco into the Roman Seminary. He ended his life as maestro di capella of St. Mark's in Venice, but he spent his prime years at the court of the Gonzagas in Mantua, composing secular operas. One of these is tinged with the grief he felt for his ailing wife Claudia, and was performed at the Carnival of 1607. FTP, name the composer of The Return of Ulysses, the Coronation of Poppaea, and Orfeo.

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He incorporated Eastern ideas, free-jazz tendencies and boundless energy in such pieces as My Favorite Things, Sun Ship and Meditations. His first jazz recordings were with Dizzy Gillespie's band; he joined the original Miles Davis Quintet in 1955, but was booted because of heroin addiction two years later. He then quit heroin, had a religious awakening and rejoined Miles Davis in early 1958. He would leave, however, to form his own quartet. For 10 points-name this tenor saxophonist whose masterwork was 1964's A Love Supreme.

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He offered four variations on a "sighing" theme in the "Variazioni" section of a work featuring movements inspired by the Alborada and Fandango dances, while King Dodon is advised about the Queen of Shemakha by the title mystical object of one opera. Along with Capriccio Espagnol and The Golden Cockerel, he used terse violin cadenzas representing the light emanating from Christ's tomb to separate the sections of his Russian Easter Festival Overture and the bass motif of the sultan is contrasted with the violin motif of the title character in a work based on The Arabian Nights. For 10 points, name this Russian composer of Scheherazade and "Flight of the Bumble Bee."

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He once challenged the French harpsichordist Jean Louis Marchand to a musical contest only to have the Frenchman fail to show up. His numerous church cantatas include "Sleepers Awake" and "O joyous Light," and he used six of those linked cantatas to form his Christmas Oratorio. He once walked 200 miles on foot to hear the organist Dietrich Buxtehude, shortly after which he composed his Toccata and Fugue in D Minor. Perhaps better known is his Mass in B Minor. FTP, name this composer of the St. Matthew Passion and the Goldberg Variations.

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He overlapped a pair of soprano saxophones repeating an interval in different rhythms for the score for Beckett's play Play, and one of his compositions, in which a stepmother kills her son when he reaches into a chest for an apple, is based on the story by the Brothers Grimm, "The Juniper Tree." He provided the "Rome Section" to The Civil Wars, which is still incomplete, and his One Plus One required hands rapping a table fitted with a microphone. The opening scene of one piece features an aria becoming a duet and then a trio against the background of a chaconne and is entitled "The Kuru Field of Justice." The final scene of his most famous piece features frantically chanted numbers, which may imply some sort of nuclear holocaust. For 10 points, identify this minimalist composer of Satyagraha, Akhenaten, and Einstein on the Beach.

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He preferred writing for string orchestra, as exemplified by his elegiac melodies entitled "Heart Wounds" and "The Last Spring." He studied at the Leipzig conservatory and soon after wrote his first piano concerto, which has been frequently criticized as an imitation of Schuman, though its piano part owes more to Liszt, the first musician of international stature to recognize his work. Major works of his include his series of Slatter dances, the Landsighting piece, the Haugtussa cycle, and the Holberg suite. FTP, name this composer, most famous for his Peer Gynt suite, which was inspired by a fellow Norwegian.

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He satirized League of Nations politicians in the polka of his suite for ballet, The Age of Gold. His Second Symphony is a single 20-minute movement which features an actual factory whistle during a quiet spot, while Volkov called his Ninth Symphony a work "full of sarcasm and bitterness," disguised as an homage to Haydn. Other orchestral works includes a suite from the incidental music to Mayakovsky's The Bed Bug, as well as a work subtitled "A Soviet Artist's Reply to Just Criticism". He crafted Katerina Izmaylova as a heroic victim in an opera, while his seventh symphony was a response to Bartok's Concerto for Orchestra and written during a German invasion. FTP, name this Russian composer of Lady Macbeth of the Mtensk District and the "Leningrad" symphony.

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He saved the singing career of the prodigy Benedict Randhartinger by teaching him composition for free when his voice broke. His orchestral works include a Concerto for Flute and Oboe noted for its unusual division of the violas in the final thematic recapitulation, and he also composed variations on Corelli's aria "La foglia di Spagna." Better remembered for his theatrical talents, he met his first success with Le Donne Letterate after being brought to Vienna by his teacher Florian Gassman, and his popularity peaked with Palmyra, Queen of Persia and Armida, though his lasting achievement is his opera about the rescue of Aspasia by Atar. FTP, name this teacher of Beethoven and Liszt best known for his opera Tarare, who also conducted a famous musical feud with Mozart.

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He served as organist at the Church of the Madelaine for 20 years, and Marcel Proust studied his talents as a pianist, while Franz Liszt regarded him as the finest organist in the world. Composer of such works as Omphale's Spinning Wheel and The Yellow Princess, his opera Samson and Delilah initially was rejected in Paris because it portrayed biblical characters. FTP, name this composer of Danse Macabre and Carnival of the Animals.

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He subsisted by playing the organ in a synagogue until he won attention with early operas like The Protagonist and The Tsar Has His Photograph Taken. He came to America to work on his Old Testament opera The Eternal Road, and collaborated on One Touch of Venus with Ogden Nash and on a musical version of Huckleberry Finn with Maxwell Anderson. FTP, name this German who is better known for his collaboration with Bertolt Brecht on The Three-Penny Opera.

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He succeeded as much by research as by his own talent, combining painstaking ethnological research and a constant effort to keep up with the latest musical developments. His works include Music for Strings, Percussion, and Celesta, several acclaimed string quartets, and the ballet The Miraculous Mandarin. FTP name this composer born in modern-day Romania but credited with creating a truly Hungarian musical style, as in the opera Duke Bluebeard's Castle.

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He succeeded his teacher Robin Mallapert in an important position after a religious figure from his hometown, Cardinal Giovanni Maria del Monte, became pope. Along with Annibale Zoilo, this man was commissioned to correct the chant books issued by the Council of Trent, which his son Iginio had completed after his death. He replaced Orlando de Lassus at St. John Lateran, and he served in the Pontifical Choir despite having a poor tenor voice until Pope Paul IV expelled its married members. FTP name this composer of 104 masses, including Missa Assumpta est Maria and Missa papae Marcelli, whose works became textbook examples of Renaissance counterpoint.

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He used "La Follia" as the basis for his last original solo piano composition, Variations on a Theme of Corelli. Unsatisfied with his revisions of his second piano sonata, he gave Horowitz authority to change it however he pleased. Glazunov's drunken conducting of his first symphony sent him into a three-year-long depression, which he once consulted Tolstoy about. He wrote an Elegiac Trio after the death of Tchaikovsky, who was set to conduct his symphonic fantasy The Rock. He referred to his third piano concerto, written for his first American tour, as "a piece for elephants". A painting by Bocklin inspired his Isle of the Dead, and he also set Poe's The Bells to music. FTP, identify this Russian composer who used a caprice for solo violin as the basis for arguably his most famous work, Rhapsody on a Theme by Paganini.

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He used a melody by the father of his one-time girlfriend, Ernestine von Fricken, as the theme for his Symphonic Etudes. His first composition was another set of "theme and variations" on the name of Countess Pauline Abegg, while his later works for piano include the Scenes from Childhood and Carnival. He wrote four symphonies, the third of which is a work in five movements meant to depict Rhenish life. FTP, name this German composer who also wrote the Spring Symphony.

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He was inspired by Ludvig Lindeman to create four Symphonic Dances and one of his frequent walking expeditions led to the cycle The Mountain Maid. His other works include Lyric Pieces and The Holberg Suite, and his only concerto completed was the Piano Concerto in A minor, which was similar in style to Robert Schumann's. His most famous work contains Anitra's Dance and The Hall of the Mountain King. FTP, name this Norwegian composer of Peer Gynt.

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He was trained in his early years by his father, but when it became clear that he was a prodigy of Mozartean dimensions, a group of noblemen paid for his family to go to Vienna, where he studied piano with the famed technician Czerny and composition with Antonio Salieri. Later in life, he claimed that he played for Beethoven, who rewarded him with a kiss, but this is probably untrue as Beethoven was stone-deaf by that time. At 13, his one-act opera Don Sanche was performed to some acclaim, but he withdrew the score and never tried the stage again. Thus was the early life, FTP, of what Hungarian composer and virtuoso pianist, known for his Faust symphony and for the symphonic poem Les Preludes.

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He went to his grave believing that his first symphony, The Bells of Zlonice, was lost. Originally, his symphonies were numbered one through five, but his symphonies were renumbered once his earliest four symphonies were published after his death. FTP, name this Czech composer of the Dumky Trio and Airs from Moravia, whose most famous work is his ninth symphony, From the New World.

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He won a prize offered by Offenbach for the one-act operetta Le Docteur Miracle and received second at the 1856 Prix de Rome when no first prize was awarded. Studying under Marmontel and Halévy, his early works include the symphony Vasco da Gama and the opera Don Procopio, though his Roma Symphony aroused little interest. In 1871 he composed Jeux d'enfants for children, which later became his Petite Suite. He gained recognition for his opera The Pearl Fishers, but is best known for a work based on his abandoned Don Rodrigue. FTP, identify this French composer of Carmen.

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He wrote a work for 23 solo strings entitled "Metamorphosen", while in the field of vocal music he produced works like "Allerseelen", "Traum durch die Dammerung", and the "Four Last Songs". A master of tonality, his most important works came in the genres of opera and tone poems, as seen in tone poems like "Don Quixote" and "Till Eulenspiegel's Merry Pranks" and operas like "Elektra", "Der Rosenkavalier", and "Salome". FTP, who is this German composer of "Thus Spake Zarathustra"?

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He wrote about how the wedding night of Serafina and Annibale Pistacchio is marred by Enrico's use of the titular object in The Night Bell. He wrote about the title character's love for the count of Chalais, who is killed in a duel by a man who had previously killed the nephew of Richelieu, in Maria di Rohan. In his greatest comic opera, the title character has a fake marriage with Sofronia, who is really Norina in disguise, after which Doctor Malatesta makes things right. He first gained fame with 1830's Anna Bolena, and went on to write operas about Robert Devereux and Lucrezia Borgia. FTP, name this Italian composer of Lucia di Lammemoor, Don Pasquale, and The Daughter of the Regiment.

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He wrote his own libretti for his first operas, Irmelin and The Magic Fountain, and his other early works include the tone poems Over the Hills and Far Away and Hiawatha. One of his works contains a melody taken from the folk song "In Osa Valley" and another theme in which the title creature is evoked by an oboe and divided strings. Another work features an orchestral "Walk to the Paradise Garden" and is based on a Gottfried Keller work. His friend Thomas Beecham premiered this composer's Nietzschean A Mass of Life. In addition to writing On Hearing the First Cuckoo in Spring, he also wrote a set of variations on the folk song "Brigg Fair" and the Florida Suite. For 10 points, identify this English composer who also wrote the opera A Village Romeo and Juliet.

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He wrote several pieces for violin and piano, including the Pastourelle, the Bizarrerie, and the Salut d'Amour, and composed for the Powick Asylum Band early in his career. Poetry inspired many of his works, including the 1901 Grania and Dairmid, co-written with William Butler Yeats and The Black Knight and St. Olaf, both written in 1896 and inspired by the works of Robert Longfellow. His first symphony, dedicated to Hans Richter, is unusual for being in A flat major and for its opening movement being marked Andante nobilmente. His Catholicism was a great influence in his work, including his setting of Cardinal Newman's poem The Dream of Gerontius. For ten points, identify this composer of the Pomp and Circumstance Marches and the Enigma Variations

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He wrote three symphonies, the third of which is scored for 15 solo trumpets, orchestra, and organ. His Violin Concerto was transcribed for flute by Jean-Pierre Rampal, while his other orchestral works include the Solemn Overture and the Concerto-Rhapsody for violin and orchestra. His 1966 Jazz Composition was written for Benny Goodman, but he is better known for stage works like the ballets Happiness and Spartacus. FTP, name this composer of the ballet Gayane, which features his famous "Sabre Dance."

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Henri Merckel performed on the first complete recording of this piece, playing the Allegretto non Molto third movement Intermezzo that is often omitted. The only slow movement of this D minor piece is its fourth movement Andante, with the second movement instead being an Allegro Molto scherzando based on the form of a seguidilla. More successful than the composer's other major attempts at nationalistic music, the Russian Concerto and Norwegian Rhapsody, this piece begins with a first movement habanera that may have anticipated the release of Bizet's Carmen a month later, and was written with Pablo Sarasate as its intended soloist. FTP, identify this five movement piece that is a violin concerto and not actually a symphony, the master work of Eduard Lalo.

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It is based on "Nach Unterdruckung der Burschenschaft", "Der Landesvater", "Fuchs Lied", and "Gaudeamus Igitur." Composed during a vacation at Ischl in 1880, the composer of this work became acquainted with the songs on which it is based when he spent a month with his friend Joseph Joachim at the University of Göttingen. FTP, name this work written for the occasion of the University of Breslau awarding an honorary doctorate to the composer, Johannes Brahms.

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Hindemith wrote one in E-flat major that stressed thematic material rather than contrapuntal procedure, while Milhaud wrote one during his residence in Rio de Janeiro that includes a slow movement in the style of a funeral march. Borodin's second one contains a notable Nocturne and was written in D major. Another one of these compositions features a coda where a high E over a tremolo simulates what its composer described as "the fatal whistling in my ear." That piece was subtitled From My Life and was the first of two by Smetana. Of the 13 composed by Dvorak, his most famous was the Native American inspired "American" one, while a set of three of them, named for the Russian ambassador to the Hapsburg court, Andreas Razumovsky, was written by Beethoven. For 10 points, identify this type of musical composition, typically scored for a cello, a viola, and two violins.

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His Concerted Music for Harpsichord, for two violins and harpsichord, was among the earliest works to give the keyboard an independent part. He was an important music theorist and published the Treatise on Harmony, which later secured him a position as a composer for the financier La Poupliniere. The Pièces de Clavecin pour Concerts is his most famous chamber work, though he was better known for his court appointment at Versailles as a composer of operas. A participant in the War of the Buffoons, he criticized Pergolesi in favor of exciting music as seen in his works, Les Paladins, Castor and Pollux, and Hippolytus and Aricia. FTP, name this French Baroque operatic composer of the early 18th-century

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His First Symphony premiered when he was only 18, though he passed it off as the work of a German composer to see what reception it would get. He wrote two cello concertoes, the best known of which is the first in A minor, and three violin concertoes, the best known of which is the third in B minor. A prodigious pianist, he wrote five piano concertoes, while the best known of his five symphonies is a C minor work which employs an organ. His other symphonic works include the Algerian Suite, The Youth of Hercules, and Omphale's Spinning Wheel, as well as a tone poem in which xylophones represent rattling bones. FTP, name this French composer of Samson and Delilah and the Danse Macabre.

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His Four Studies in Rhythm include two pieces entitled "Island of Fire," and also contains a piece sometimes considered the first work of total serialism, Mode de valeurs et d'intensités. His keyboard works include the Livre du Saint-Sacrament for solo organ, as well as a piece that contains such movements as Premiere communion de la Vierge. That work is a suite written for his wife Yvonne Loriod entitled Vingt regards sur l'enfant Jésus. He is best known for a work in eight movements which begins with the "Liturgy of Crystal" and was composed while he was a prisoner of the Nazis in World War II. FTP, name this 20th-century French composer of the Quartet for the End of Time.

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His Petite Messe Solennelle for twelve voices was written shortly before his death and other works of his include The Sins of Old Age, a collection of thirteen volumes of vocal and instrumental music. Known primarily for opera, he achieved wide acclaim for an opera based on a Voltaire work, Tancredi. Because of public demand, he wrote an alternative "happy ending" for his Otello and his writing style gained him the nickname "Monsieur Crescendo." Other successes included Elisabetta and The Italian Girl in Algiers. A later visit to Vienna ended with a benefit where he joined the crowd in singing his "Largo al factotum" from his most famous opera. FTP, identify this opera composer who stopped writing opera at the age of 37 after completing William Tell and who is best known for The Barber of Seville.

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His Variations on a theme of Corelli was released well after leaving his homeland for the U.S. where he twice turned down leadership of the Boston Symphony. His earlier output includes two Suites for two pianos, two elegiac trios for keyboard and strings, and a Vespers. His struggle with depression is evident and he actually dedicated his Second Symphony to his psychiatrist Nikolay Dahl. This occurred after his time studying with Alexander Solti and Nikolay Zverev in Moscow, and the writing of his opera Aleko. Other famous works by this Romantic composer include the choral symphony The Bells, the symphonic poem The Rock, and his Rhapsody on a theme of Paganini. FTP identify this 20th century composer best known for his third Piano Concerto No. 3 in D Minor and The Isle of the Dead.

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His brief studies with Abbé Vogler led to his Variations on the Ballet Air of Vogler's Castor and Pollux as well as his Eight Variations on Vogler's Samori, studies which themselves had begun almost from the moment he showed any musical aptitude in the attempt of his father to turn him into another Mozart, who had actually married this man's cousin Constanze. Though his voice was permanently damaged when he accidentally drank a glass of acid he was using while lithographing his own compositions, his ability to conduct and play guitar were undamaged, as was his ability to play piano, for which instrument he wrote his Invitation to the Dance and Polacca Brilliante, though he was better known for operas like Peter Schmoll and his Neighbors, The one-act Abu Hassan, and Euryanthe. FTP name this composer best known for The Free-Shooter.

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His burlesque opera based on a 1903 play by Guillaume Apollinaire, entitled Les Mamelles de Tiresias, tells of a woman who becomes a man when her breasts explode, and her husband becomes a woman and gives birth to 40,000 babies. He also wrote the incidental music to Babar the Elephant. His most famous opera is set against the backdrop of the French Revolution, and is considered on of the outstanding operas of the 20th century. For 10 points, who was this member of Les Six and composer of Les Dialogues des Carmelites?

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His early compositions such as Die Liebe für den König oder Karl Stuart and Nicht mehr als sechs Schüsseln were written while at the abbey of Kremsmunster under the direction of Georg Pasterwitz. Although he attained a degree of success after the opera Moses oder der Auszug aus Agypten, the theatre director needed convincing to stage his final opera, "List und Zufall." Paganini's reputation as a virtuoso was established when he wrote and performed a set of variations "on the G string" based on a theme in this composer's opera Il Noce de Benevento. Erich Duda catalogued this composer's work, including two German Requiems and the opera Der Spiegel von Arkadien, with a libretto written by Schikaneder. FTP identify this composer who completed a horn concerto and Requiem by Mozart.

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The atypical "harmonic" version of this instrument is used almost exclusively by French composers. The typical version is tuned diatonically in the key of C-flat, through six octaves and a fifth. At the front of it, called the front pillar, are seven pedals that can be depressed two notches each, and which shorten the strings to sound one or two pitches higher. FTP, what is this instrument in which approximately 45 strings are stretched in a triangular frame?

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His fantasia on Weber's Euryanthe is lost, though his fantasias on Ernani and Norma are extant. His only opera of his own was Don Sanche, although he composed a number of melodramas including Lenore and Love of the Dead Poet. Sacred choral music like Christus and St. Elizabeth was well-received, as were his secular cantatas Titan and The Four Elements, but he is better known for his piano music. His piano compositions for four hands include Les Preludes, but better known are his Transcendental Etudes and a set of 19 compositions on his home country, the 15th of which is the "Rakoczy March." FTP name this piano virtuoso, composer of Liebestraume, the Faust Symphony, and the Hungarian Rhapsodies.

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His first surviving work for piano is a "Bohemian Dance" written when he was 17. His last works for piano include "To the girl dancing with antique cymbals," "To invoke Pan, god of the summer wind," and four other Antique Epigraphs, as well as a Heroic Berceuse he dedicated to the king and people of Belgium and a "Hommage to Haydn" written for the centenary of the composer's death. All three of his ballets, including Games and Khamma, were originally written as piano scores, and the first of his Etudes is written for five fingers after a work by Czerny. He wrote musical depictions of an eccentric general named Lavine, Samuel Pickwick, and Delphic Dancers in his two books of Preludes for piano, while "Pagodas" and "Night in Grenada" are depicted in his Estampes. FTP, name this French composer, whose other piano works include the Suite Bergamasque and a collection including "Golliwogg's Cake-Walk," Children's Corner.

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His first symphony ends with a passacaglia and despite its odd title is actually composed of four movements. One of this man's works, which was originally called The Serpent Heart, features a Parodos that introduces the characters and includes a notable "Dance of Vengeance." Another of this man's pieces opens with a flute solo before other themes, including one for brasses, begin; it is the second of two Essays for Orchestra. He was inspired by Prometheus Unbound in creating his Music for a Scene from Shelley and looked to Sheridan to compose the Overture to the School for Scandal. Another work by this composer of the Capricorn Concerto originated as the slow movement of a Quartet in B minor and was first performed by Toscanini in 1938. For 10 points, identify this composer of Vanessa and the Adagio for Strings.

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His fourth symphony, which is known as "Adagio," was written to commemorate the bicentennial of the French Revolution, while his seventh was written to commemorate the 3,000th year of a certain city. In addition to Seven Gates of Jerusalem, he has written a piano concerto known as Resurrection, but he is better known for vocal works such as Dimensions of Time and Silence and his 1967 St. Luke's Passion. He also wrote a work scored for 52 string instruments which took third prize at Katowice's Composer's Competition in 1960. FTP, name this composer of Threnody for the Victims of Hiroshima and the Polish Requiem.

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His last instrumental work was a Phantasy for Violin with Piano Accompaniment, while his other late works include a string trio in one movement and a set of variations in G minor for band. He wrote an oratorio based on Swedenborg's vision of heaven in Balzac's Séraphita in which six people are admonished by the archangel Gabriel, while his lighter works include the comic operetta From One Day to the Next, whose libretto was written by his daughter Gertrud. One of his major works features a long duet that is interrupted after each verse by orchestral commentary and contains the solemn "lament of the wood dove." That work is based on a poem by Jens Peter Jaconsen, and features King Waldemar and Tove, whose castle provides the name of the Gurrelieder. He also wrote a Chamber Symphony in E major and a string sextet based on a poem by Richard Dehmel, Transfigured Night. FTP, name this composer of Moses and Aron and Pierrot Lunaire.

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His latest release is The Marciac Suite, dedicated to a rural French jazz festival. His classical recordings include the baroque compilation, In Gabriel's Garden as well as the Octoroon Balls for a string quartet and the ballets, Sweet Release and Ghost Story. He studied at Juilliard before joining Art Blakey's Jazz Messengers in 1980 and is currently the artistic director of the Jazz at Lincoln Center program. In 1997 he became the first jazz musician to receive the Pulitzer Prize in Music for his oratorio on slavery, Blood in the Fields. FTP, name this master of the trumpet, son of Ellis and brother to Branford.

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His lesser known works include Chao-Kang, a ballet, incidental music for the play The Moldavian Gypsy, and the Trio Pathétique. He took a trip to Spain in 1844 which resulted in two orchestral works, Jota Aragonesa and A Night in Madrid, but he is better remembered for his two operas, the first of which was originally known as Ivan Susanin. FTP, identify this man regarded as the first of the nationalistic school of Russian composers, known for his operas Russlan and Ludmilla and A Life for the Czar.

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His many compositions for piano include the Shepherd's Boy and March of the Dwarfs. More inclined to write short works such as the Two Elegiac Melodies, he allowed few performances of his only symphony. Among his more successful works are the overture In Autumn, the choral work Mountain Thrall, and his Lyric Pieces for piano. However, he only became a national icon following his incidental music to a certain play. FTP name this composer who created arrangements of "Solvejg's Song" and "In the Hall of the Mountain King" from his music for Peer Gynt.

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His middle career saw critics of his Cello Concerto for Gregor Piatigorsky label him a reactionary, and his popularity never recovered, though his late output including a Passacaglia for Violincello Solo for Rostropovitch and an adaptation of Chekhov's The Bear, are considered original. Possibly the best remembered piece from his later career is his Variations on a Theme of Hindemith, but his highest success came with his Crown Imperial March, after which he was hailed as the successor to Elgar. FTP, who is this British composer best remembered for his oratorio Belshazzar's Feast?

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His minor works include a choral setting of the hymn Let there be Light, "Song for the Harvest Season," and the cantata The Celestial Country. Though not a great student, he managed to absorb Horatio Parker's teachings even though he felt the latter's music was dull and unmasculine. For inspiration he turned to his own father, who had founded the Danbury Town Bannd." The third of his five symphonies won the Pulitzer and his 114 Songs include some of the same settings as his Three Places in New England. FTP, identify this American modernist composer and insurance agent who wrote "The Unanswered Question," the Holidays Symphony, and the Concord Sonata.

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His opus one is a single-movement piano concerto in F-sharp minor. Songs by this composer include the "Song of Selim" and a work that would later be adapted as this composer's Scherzo No.3, the "Song of the Golden Fish." He gave the title 1000 Years to the second of his two overtures that he referred to as "a musical picture," and works inspired by Spain include the Fandango-etude for piano and the orchestral Overture on a Spanish March Theme. The second of his two second symphonies features a Scherzo alla cosacca, or Cossack scherzo, and he composed incidental music for King Lear. A symphonic poem about a beautiful but evil princess was inspired by the poetry of Lermontov, while his first successes including an orchestration of the The Lark and a Piano Fantasia on Life for the Tsar were based on the work of his predecessor and inspiration, Glinka. For 10 points, identify this composer of Tamara, who led the "Mighty Handful," and had an "oriental fantasy" called Islamey.

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His orchestral works include Two Elegiac Melodies for Strings and the overture In Autumn, and one of this composer's major song cycles is entitled Haugtussa. The third of his best-known group of piano pieces is a "Watchman's Song" inspired by Macbeth, and Wedding Day at Troldhaugen is another one of those 66 Lyric Pieces. Also known for a piece that includes such movements as "The Abduction of the Bridge", Ingrid's Lament", "Anitra's Dance", and "Morning Mood". FTP, identify this Norwegian composer of incidental music to Peer Gynt, including the famous "In the Hall of the Mountain King".

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His piano works include an "interlude" dedicated to his friend Jeanne Behrend and a nocturne which pays homage to John Field. His Opus 26 Piano Sonata was commissioned by Irving Berlin and Richard Rodgers, and the premiere was performed by one of the work's principal advocates, Vladimir Horowitz. Horowitz also premiered this man's Excursions for piano, which incorporate boogie-woogie and blues into classical forms. He composed his Second Symphony while serving with the Army Air Corps in World War II, and his other orchestral works include Music for a Scene from Shelley, the Essays for Orchestra, and the Overture to The School for Scandal. FTP, name this American composer of Vanessa, Medea and the Adagio for Strings.

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His posthumous Violin Concerto includes the opening notes of a hymn melody used by J.S. Bach in his Cantata no. 60. His first major success on his own, Five Orchestral Songs, was quickly followed by his Three Pieces for Orchestra. In 1926 he finished his most controversial work, the Lyric Suite for string quartet, but that was counteracted by his two biggest successes, based on plays by Frank Wedekind and Georg Buchner. FTP, name composer in the atonal style, a student of Arnold Schonberg best-known for the two operas Lulu and Wozzeck.

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His second opera was based on Ernst von Wolzogen's The Quenched Fires of Oudenarde, and ends with Diemut accepting the love of the magician Kunrad. His first opera depicts a member of the Holy Society of Peace who saves Freiheld, the wife of the evil Duke Robert, from killing herself. In addition to Feuersnot and Guntram, he wrote about the surrender at Breda in Friedenstag and about the love of Apollo for a daughter of Peneios in Daphne. A composer named Flamand and the Countess Madeleine appear in his final opera, the one-act work Capriccio. He wrote about the sister of Chrysothemis in a 1909 opera based on a play by Sophocles, while Zerbinetta and Bacchus appear in his Ariadne on Naxos. FTP, name this German composer of Elektra and Der Rosenkavalier.

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His works for piano duet include the Scenes from a Ball of his Opus 109 and the Pictures from the East. His lesser-known works for solo piano include the Songs of the Morning, the Multicolored Pages, and a set of etudes "in the form of free variations" on the Allegretto from Beethoven's Seventh Symphony. Better known are his third piano sonata, an F minor work which he called a "concerto without orchestra," and his Opus 13, the Symphonic Etudes. His Opus 9 was a follow-up to his Papillons and ends with a march in which David puts the Philistines to flight. FTP, name this composer of Carnaval and Kriesleriana who also wrote the Spring Symphony.

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His works for the piano include Sonatina, Water Play, and Mirrors, and it was the uproar caused by this man's continuous slights at the Prix de Rome that got his teacher, Gabriel Faure, elected as head of the Conservatoire. His work La Valse was written five years before his collaboration with Colette, who wrote the libretto to his opera The Child and the Enchantments. Other important works include Gaspard de la Nuit, The Tomb of Couperin, and the Pavane for a Dead Princess. But it is Spanish inspired orchestral works like the Rapsodie Espagnole and another piece that premiered in 1928 that made his name. FTP identify this composer of Daphnis and Chloe and a piece made famous by Ida Rubinstein, the insistently repetitive Bolero.

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Idyll and Songs of Farewell were written with the help of Eric Fenby. His opera Irmelin never became as popular as his Legen for violin and orchestra, which were composed following his move to Leipzig in 1886, where Edvard Greig first encouraged him. He first gained popularity in England, via works like Brigg Fair and the orchestral interlude, 'A Walk to Paradise Garden,' which were promoted by Thomas Beecham. Later compositions include Sea Drift and Mass of Life, but he is more remembered for the orchestral suite Florida and the tone poem On Hearing the First Cuckoo in Spring. FTP, identify this one time orange planter, the English composer of A Village Romeo and Juliet.

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In 1874, this composer became totally deaf, possibly as a result of having contracted syphilis, and this is referred to in his 1st String Quartet "From My Life." However, many of his best works were written in the years leading up to his death in an asylum in 1884, including cycle of symphonic poems containing such pieces as Tabor, Visehrad, and The Moldau, collectively known as Ma Vlast or My Fatherland. For ten points, name this first important Bohemian nationalist composer, best known for his opera The Bartered Bride

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In 1879, he composed The Song of the Flea, a setting of part of Goethe's Faust. His early works include The Nursery and The Marriage, and the "Dance of the Persian Slaves" is featured in his opera Khovanshchina. Another opera, Sorochintsy Fair, was completed by Lyadov after his death in 1881. For 10 points, name this member of the Russian Five, best known for such works as Boris Gudunov, Night on Bald Mountain and Pictures from an Exhibition.

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In 1879, he met Wagner, who asked him to help stage Parsifal. One of his first successful compositions was 1884's The Luck of Edenhall. His 1910 opera The King's Children opened in New York, and his fantasy The Miracle premiered in London in 1911 with less success. His best-known works include incidental music for Maeterlinck's The Blue Bird and an 1893 opera with a libretto by his sister Adelheid Wette, based on a tale from the Brothers Grimm. FTP, name this composer of Hansel und Gretel.

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In 1884, he visited England and was invited to write a seventh symphony. While there, he was also invited to write two large-scale choral works, The Spectre's Bride and St. Ludmila. His fifth symphony quotes the first four notes of Tchaikovsky's First Piano Concerto for its main theme, and his first symphony was later nicknamed The Bells of Zlonice. His most popular symphony was written while in New York City, features a famous Largo section, and contains many folk themes. FTP, name this Czech composer most famous for Symphony No. 9, or "From the New World."

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In 1954, this composer was posthumously awarded a Tony Award for his unwitting contribution to the Broadway musical Kismet. He arranged an Arabian melody as a favor to Darya Leonova, for whom he also orchestrated a setting of the satiric poem At Some Folks Houses. This artist's farce Bogatyry, or The Heroic Warriors mostly consists of themes from other operas, while his B minor symphony is frequently performed. His operas include The Tsar's Bride, which is lost, and the fourth act of Rimsky-Korsakov's Mlada, although they are less well known than the suite of Polovetsian dances excerpted from his most famous work, or his tone poem In the Steppes of Central Asia. FTP, name this research chemist and composer of Prince Igor.

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In 1993, Jean-Claude Malgoire produced a completed reconstruction of this man's lost opera about Montezuma. The bulk of his work is only known through the library of the Durazzo family, whose existence was revealed to Dr. Alberto Gentili in 1926. His other operas include Arsilda, Queen of Pontus, Bajazet and an oft-performed adaptation of Orlando Furioso. Juditha Triumphans is his only surviving oratorio, but he is better known for his 73 sonatas and over 500 concertos, four of which he accompanied with his own poetry. FTP name this baroque composer, nicknamed "The Red Priest," best known for a work composed of Spring, Summer, Autumn, and Winter sections.

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In 2007, Zenph Studios released a “re-performance†of this man's 1955 debut album, the original performance of which kicked off this musician's love for the “take-two-ness†of the recording studio. Before a 1962 performance, Leonard Bernstein claimed no responsibility for this artist's slow interpretation of a Johannes Brahms piece. This performer of a 1955 recording of the Goldberg Variations had a habit of tapping his feet and humming while playing. For 10 points, name this eccentric Canadian pianist who was renowned for his interpretations of J.S. Bach.

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In Act I of this opera, the song "As Someday it May Happen" goes through a "little list" of the singer's many irritations with society, two of which are "the ****** serenader" and "the lady novelist." Following the relative failure of "Princess Ida," Richard d'Oyly Carte gave the composers a six-month deadline in which to produce this opera. The title character of this opera sings "See how the Fates their gifts allot" near the end of Act II, which is set in Ko-Ko's garden. Ko-Ko, the Head Executioner of Titipu, plans to commit suicide upon learning that the title character plans to visit because he has not committed a single execution. The ineffectual Ko-Ko ends up marrying Katisha, but only after being unable to marry Yum-Yum, who has married Nanki-Poo, the son of the title character. FTP, name this pseudo-Japanese Gilbert and Sullivan comic opera, their ninth collaboration.

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In Act II, Scene 2, a character sings an aria criticizing the Bible, which leads another character's wife to sing "Shame on all you sinners!" The chorus, while sitting in Serena's room, believes Death is "...knocking at the door" when one main character is sick, while in Act I, Jake sings "A Woman is a Sometime Thing." The song "Gone, Gone, Gone" is sung after Robbins is killed in a fight after a craps game with Sportin' Life, and at one point, the titular cripple tells the other title character, "you is my woman now." For 10 points, what is this opera opening with the lullaby "Summertime," set on Catfish Row with music by George Gershwin?

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In Act Three of this work, a female character sings a song about the king of Thule, but her mind keeps straying back to the title figure. Siebel is finally able to leave unwilted flowers at her door by dipping his hands in holy water, but the woman barely notices them next to the box of baubles left by another, at which point she sings the Jewel Song. In Act Four, the woman's brother Valentin challenges the title figure to a duel for impregnating his sister, but Valentin is of course no match for his opponent, who has a lot of help. In Act Five, the title character demands to see Marguerite on Walpurgis Night, and a band of angels prevents Mephistopheles from taking her to hell. FTP, name this opera about a man who makes a pact with the devil, a work by Charles Gounod.

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In Act Two, the lead coloratura soprano exclaims "We'll teach these motherfu&kers how to dance!" A highlight of this opera comes when that character identifies herself in a previous aria. With a libretto by Alice Goodman, its opening act includes comments about time spent in Hawaii which may have been taken directly from a news transcript. The title character introduces himself by exclaiming that "News has a kind of mystery." Featuring "The People Are The Heroes Now," "The Three Main Rules of Discipline and Eight Points of Attention" and the "Landing of the Spirit of '76," FTP, name this opera whose characters include Henry Kissinger, Mao Zedong, and the title president, a work by John Adams.

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In a 1981 recording of this work, Christopher Hogwood replaced the lost second movement with a similar one written by the work's composer and his pupil, Thomas Atwood, while a recording by Nimbus exists with a transplanted Minuet from the composer's Piano Sonata in B flat. The second movement is an andante romanze in C major, which contrasts to the more lyrical third movement, a minuet and trio in G major. The first and most famous movement is in Sonata-allegro form and begins with the so-called "Rocket Theme." FTP name this Serenade for Strings in G major, 525 in the Köchel [KERR-kuhl] numbering system used to classify works of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart.

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In a comic scene in this work, a maid disguised as a doctor produces a huge magnet and pretends to cure two men, intoning "Questo e quel pezzo." The talents of Adriana Gabrielli, who had recently become the librettist's mistress, induced its composer to write challenging skips and an astonishing range into the aria "Come scoglio." This opera's action is spurred by a wager of one hundred sequins between the cynical Don Alfonso and the officers Ferrando and Guglielmo, who have misplaced faith in the sisters Dorabella and Fiordiligi. FTP name this light opera with libretto by da Ponte and composed by Mozart whose title translates roughly as "Women are like that."

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In a letter to his publisher, their creator called them "an intimate slice of life." Yet, in such works as "Sylfide," with its quick 3/4 time tempo, they also alluded to the myths and stories of the composer's homeland. They included such melancholy works as "Ballad" as well as a work dedicated to the composer's wife Nina and known as "Erotikon." "Sailor's Song" was meant to be played quickly and aggressively, while "To Spring," the final part of the composer's Opus 43, was inspired by the Norwegian springtime. Written over the course of the composer's entire career, by 1901 when the tenth and final suite was released, sixty six of them had been completed, including the notable pair, "The March of the Dwarves" and "Wedding at Troldhaugen." For 10 points, identify these short works for solo piano by Edvard Grieg.

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In act one of this opera, "Che farrano vecchi miei" causes Larkens to cry. The title character describes her life in "Oh, se sapeste" in act two, and in "Laggiù nel Soledad, era piccina" in act one, she imagines a happy life after marrying Jack Rance. The tenor solo "Ch'ella mi creda libero e lontano" in which Dick Johnson wishes that the title character not be told that he is dead, may be the most famous aria of, FTP, what Puccini opera, set in California during the Gold Rush?

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In addition to three string quartets, this composer created a reflective piece for horn and clarinet called Summer Pastoral, as well as an Archaic Suite and a piece called Monopartita. A syncopated theme and fugal development characterize the opening section of this composer's Concertino for Piano and Orchestra. His symphonies, of which there are five in all, bear such nicknames as "Basel Delights" and "The Liturgical." Another work, referred to as "A Dramatic Psalm," featured a dance before the Ark and the defeat of Goliath; it was based on a drama by Rene Morat and is called King David. His best known work appeared alongside another of the composer's tone poems, Rugby, and used abrupt rhythms and chords to mimic the motions and sounds of a train. For 10 points, identify this French composer of Pacific 231.

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In an 1862 essay, Richard Pohl observed five motifs in this musical work, which he designated as conveying "Passion", "Pride", "Longing", "Triumph", and "Love" respectively. A melody played on oboe and clarinet expresses the "painful joys" of the central figure in the first movement, while the image of a woman picking petals from a flower is evoked by violins and clarinets in the second movement. A male chorus was eventually added to its third movement, the "Chorus Mysticus", singing that "everything transitory is but a semblance" in praise of that which "draws us ever onward" called the "Eternal Feminine". The second of the three "character sketches" that comprise the work centers on the figure of Gretchen, while the third centers on the demon Mephistopheles. For 10 points, identify this work by Franz Liszt.

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In an article about this musician in Time Magazine, his first publicity campaign was described as "the Abominable Snowman caged by Blue Note Records. Other of his albums include "Underground" and "Brilliant Corners," an album featuring Max Roach on drums and timpani on such tracks as "Ba-lue Bolivar Ba-lues-are." On this man's most famous album, Charlie Rouse's tenor saxophone is showcased on "Locomotive" and the Duke Ellington-penned "I Didn't Know About You." This man's namesake quartet included John Coltrane and performed at the Five Spot Café. His other charts include "Crepuscle with Nellie" and "Epistrophy." A proponent of funny hats, for 10 points, name this hard bop pianist best known for his "Straight, No Chaser" and "'Round Midnight."

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In his earlier years, he was inspired by a visit to Alassio for his overture In the South, and he paid homage to a medieval historian in his Froissart Overture. Major successes included his Imperial March and a four-part work, whose first part, "Land of Hope and Glory," would become his nation's unofficial second national anthem. Another major piece was a fourteen-part collection that depicted numerous friends of his, and contained such cryptically titled movements as "C.A.E." and "Nimrod." FTP, name this British composer of the Enigma Variations and the Pomp and Circumstance marches.

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In one of his operas, a woman says goodbye to her family and promises to "die of love and happiness" in the aria "Non vi turbate, no." In another of this man's operas, a group of women pretend to be the Furies in order to scare Lucas away from marrying Colette. In addition to The Drunkard Reformed, he wrote an opera which opens with the "Dance of the Blessed Spirits." With Raniere de Calzabigi, he wrote a manifesto on the "reform opera," and the pair put their principles into action with Il Trionfo di Clelia, Armide, and the story of a man retrieving his wife from the underworld. FTP, name this German composer of Alceste and Orfeo ed Euridice.

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In one of this composer's works, an allegro vivo theme represents a green coat and red shoes being made on a poplar branch. This composer wrote an opera about the exiled Bohuš, who returns to his father in Paris, called The Jacobin, as well as symphonic variations on "The Fiddler." This composer's piano music includes two sets of Silhouettes and a cycle of Humoresques, and he composed a widely performed cello concerto in B minor. This composer's fourth piano trio is known as "Dumky," and he incorporated the spiritual "Goin' Home" in a symphony that used the pentatonic scale and snap rhythms to represent Native Americans. For 10 points, name the composer of the American string quartet the symphony From the New World.

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In one part of this work, a low note played after an ascending scale represents several drunken partygoers' unsuccessful attempts to stand up. Many modern performances play the melody louder than the plucked strings representing rain on a window, assuming that the composer's instructions to make the rain sound louder are erroneous. In another part of this piece, several violins represents a brook, the lead violin plays a shepherd, and a viola plays the part of a sheepdog. The shepherd's fear of Zephyr and Boreas are discussed in one of the poems which accompany this cycle, which is part of a larger work dedicated to Wenzel von Morzin entitled The Contest Between Harmony and Invention. FTP, name this concerto series depicting "La Primavera," "L'estate," "L'autunno" and "L'inverno," which was composed by Antonio Vivaldi.

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In one section of this work, one part of the orchestra plays a march in 4/4 while the rest of the orchestra plays a quick waltz in triple time. Earlier in this work, the flute and oboe are used to represent the Goddess Liberty, which a child sees after wandering away from Fourth of July celebrations; that section borrows themes from its composer's earlier "Country Band March." This work's first section is accompanied by a poem written by its composer, and it borrows melodies from folk songs like "Old Black Joe." That section of this work is dedicated to a Saint-Gaudens statue of Colonel Shaw. "The Housatonic at Stockbridge" and "Putnam's Camp" are the last two sections of, FTP, what work by Charles Ives whose sections represent the title locales?

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In one work by this composer, a solo viola da gamba accompanies an alto soloist singing "Es ist vollbracht." In his Hunting Cantata, a soprano soloist sings the aria "Sheep May Safely Graze." Schlendrian threatens to deny Lieschen a husband if she won't give up the title beverage in his Coffee Cantata. There is a "halo" effect in the strings whenever Jesus sings in another work of his, which was revived by Felix Mendelssohn in 1829. Another work had its Symbolum Nicenum section premiered by this composer's son, Carl Phillip Emanuel. For 10 points, name this composer of the Mass in B minor, St. Matthew Passion, and six Brandenburg Concertos.

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In one work by this composer, the duration of each note in the cantus firmus is determined by the vowel on which it is sung. That piece is the Mass Puer natus est nobis, and another sacred work is the antiphon Gaude gloriosa Dei mater. Partsongs by this composer include Like as the Doleful Dove and O Ye Tender Babes. He set the first two lessons for Maundy Thursday in his two sets of Lamentations of Jeremiah, and the consort song Ye Sacred Muses is an elegy for him written by his countryman William Byrd. Another work, sometimes sung with the alternate English text "Sing and glorify," is his forty-part motet Spem in alium. FTP, identify this 16th-century English composer who provided the theme for a Fantasia by Ralph Vaughan Williams.

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In one work by this composer, title character consumes poison after singing "Senza Mamma" to lament her son's death. This composer wrote an aria in which Rinuccio's lover Lauretta pleads with her father. In addition to composing “O mio babbino caro†in Gianni Schicchi, he created a work whose title character sings "I have lived for love" in "Vissi d'arte," but commits suicide after murdering Baron Scarpia. Another of his operas features Mimi and Rodolpho, who live in the Latin Quarter. For 10 points, identify this composer of Tosca and La Boheme.

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In one work, this composer adapted the opening theme from the first section "Arietta" into a waltz for the last segment entitled, "Remembrances," and he wrote an "air" in andante religioso for a work written "in old style" dedicated to a playwright. In addition to Lyric Pieces and the Holberg Suite, one of his works has sections titled "Anitra's Dance" and "Morning Mood" and a sharp cymbal crash represents the destruction of a mountain as trolls are chasing the title character in the movement, "In the Hall of the Mountain King." For 10 points, name this composer, who wrote the Peer Gynt Suites, a noted Norwegian.

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In one work, this composer used the mourning chorus “Pace alla tua bell'amina†to interrupt the duet “Stolto! a un sol mio grido,†which was about to lead to a duel between Tebaldo and Romeo. He required another opera's primary tenor to hit the F above high C; that opera by this man sees Elvira go crazy after the Royalist Arturo becomes a fugitive. This composer of I Capuleti e i Montecchi also created a work in which Elvino refuses to believe in Amina's innocence until she crosses the dangerous mill bridge, proving she's the title character. The title character sings “Casta Diva†in an opera by this man which sees Adalgisa's lover Pollione jump onto the title Druid priestess's funeral pyre. For 10 points, name this Italian composer of I Puritani, La Sonnambula, and Norma.

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In spite of this composer's anti-Semitism, the fourth work in his Opus 17 has come to be known as "The Jew". He incorporated the cello into his early chamber work Grand Duo on Themes from Robert the Devil, but is better known for piano works, including a famous Fantasy-Impromptu that he disliked so much he refused to have it published. He gained fame for his intimate drawing-room performances of works like the "Military" and "Heroic" Polonaises and his Second Piano Sonata, containing his famous funeral march. FTP, who was this French composer of Polish descent responsible for the "Minute" Waltz?

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In the 1860's he composed several solo vocal ensembles including the Platen and Daumer lieder and most of the Magelone Romances. Welcomed as a guest by Duke Georg III and presented with the Meiningen Commander's Cross, he dedicated the Gesang der Parzen to the duke. His Klavierstucke characterize his later works, mostly shorter character pieces. Other works include "The Song of Destiny," and he did variations for the St. Anthony chorale attributed to Haydn before composing a piece for the university of Breslau based on student songs, the Academic Festival Overture. For 10 points, name this composer of four symphonies as well as the Christmas Oratorio and German Requiem.

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In the B minor brindisi in the first act, one character attempts to repeat the first theme in F-sharp minor to the words "del calice," but he is too drunk to remember them. Not long after that chorus, "Inaffia l'ugola," comes a love duet entitled "Gia nella notte densa," which concludes with the so-called bacio theme, which reappears twice in the opera's fourth and final act. The title character sings "Dio! Mi potevi scagliar," but a more famous aria is that sung by the main antagonist, "Credo in un Dio crudel." More famous is a pair of back-to-back arias for the lead soprano, the second an "Ave Maria" and the first usually referred to as "The Willow Song." With a libretto by Arrigo Boito, FTP, name this Verdi opera, a tragedy based on a Shakespeare play whose characters include Desdemona.

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In the Thioreskssaga, he was the grandson of the King of Spain, wielded the sword Garm, and rode the fearless horse Grani, an offspring of Sleipnir. After killing Fafnir he captured the Andvaranant and was married before falling under the spell of Grimhild. Forgetting his wife, he married Gundrun, and was eventually slain by Gundrun's brother Guttorm. FTP identify this husband of Brunhilde and hero of the Ring Cycle.

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In the book from which it was adapted, the character in this opera who claims to be impoverished student Gualtier Maldé was originally François I, king of France. However, censors wouldn't allow such an overtly political statement, and further denied use of the proposed title "The Curse." Also not chosen for the title was Le roi s'amuse, the title of the Victor Hugo work from which it was taken. The unhappy title character recalls a curse after his daughter is abducted, after she loses her virginity, and after she sacrifices herself to save the libertine Duke of Mantua. FTP, name this Verdi opera about a hunchbacked court jester.

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In the first act of this opera, one character asks his wife for a meal after singing "Rallalala, rallalala, Hunger ist der beste Koch." Its second act ends with the Dream Pantomime, in which fourteen angels descend from a ladder to protect the main characters. In the third act, the antagonist sings "Hurr, hopp, hopp, hopp" after discovering the title characters, who are awakened by the Dewman. This opera's Hexenritt represents the ride of the antagonist, who enchants the children of Peter the Broomman after they sing the Gingerbread Waltz. Climaxing with the explosion of the Witch in an oven, for 10 points, name this opera by Engelbert Humperdinck based on a German fairy tale.

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In the first act of this opera, the aria "Qual occhio al mondo" comforts a woman's suspicions of another woman who has blue eyes. Earlier, those two women are compared in the tenor aria "Recondita armonia", while later a soprano grieves over her painful decision in "Vissi d'arte". The tenor sings "E lucevan le stelle" while writing a farewell letter to his lover in prison. During the second act the title character of this opera reveals the whereabouts of political revolutionary Angelotti to the police chief Scarpia, who reneges on the deal to prevent the execution of painter Mario Cavaradossi. For 10 points, name this opera ending when the titular opera diva jumps off the Castel Sant'Angelo, composed by Puccini.

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In the first movement, an oboe call is answered by the 'life-will' motif in the basses, while in another movement, a soloist cries "All joy wills eternity, wills deep eternity!." The first movement also features an offstage snare drum inspired by military bands. This work opens with 8 horns playing a unison theme derived from the finale of Brahms's First Symphony, and the composer removed the original last movement of this work but then brought it back as the last movement of his next symphony. Some of the movements of this work were originally titled "Summer marches in" and "What the flowers in the meadow tell me." The fifth movement is a setting of the Wunderhorn song "Three Angels were Singing," while the fourth is a setting of the "Midnight Song" from Nietzsche's Thus Spake Zarathustra. For 10 points, identify this massive six-movement symphony, its composer's longest, which followed the Resurrection.

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In the first scene of this opera, the protagonist comes onstage with a bear that pesters his surrogate father, who responds with his "Starling Song." After he bathes in the blood of the antagonist in Act Two, the protagonist is able to see through the lies of that surrogate father, and proceeds to kill him. The blood also enables him to talk to a wood-bird, who explains how he can use the Tarnhelm to transport himself to Valkyrie Rock, where, at the beginning of Act Three, he must break the spear of Wotan with his newly-forged sword Notung. FTP, name this third opera in Richard Wagner's Ring Cycle, in which the title character awakens Brunnhilde.

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In the original production of this ballet, the title character had a solo mad scene at the end of act 1, but in modern productions that scene is omitted. The title role was created by the French poet Theophile Gautier for Carolotta Grisi, although it was out of the repertoire until Daighilev brought it back in 1910. In act 1, the title character falls in love with a prince after he comes to town with his family disguised as a peasant, but he is fought by Hilarion, a hunter that loves the title character. The title character dies at the end of act 1, and in act 2 she becomes one of the Willies, who try to kill her lover Albrecht to avenge her death, but her love for him saves his life. FTP name this romantic ballet set to the music of Adolph Adam.

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In the second act of one of this man's works, one character pretends to be the student Pereda and listens to the gypsy Preziosilla sing “Al suon del tamburo.†In the final act of that work by this man, one character sings “Pace, pace mio Dio†before being stabbed in the heart by her brother Carlo. In addition to that work about the lovers Leonora and Alvaro, this man composed an opera whose title character rescues Fenena after promising to restore the Temple in “Dio di Giuda;†that opera also contains the Hebrew slave chorus “Va, pensiero.†The second act of another of this man's operas contains the Triumphal March, which accompanies the return of Radames, who is buried alive with the title Ethiopian princess. For 10 points, identify this composer of La Forza del Destino, Nabucco and Aida.

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In the second act of this opera, one character returns a gold coin to another. That act opens at the inn of Lillas Pastia and sees Dancaïre and Remendado inform the title character that they must dispose of their contraband. The “Card Song†plays in this opera's third act and is sung by the protagonist's friends Frasquita and Mercédès, after the male protagonist sings the “Flower Song.†The “Toreador†song is sung by the bullfighter Escamillo, who is shot at by Don José before he stabs the title gypsy, who proclaims that “love is a rebellious bird†in her “Habanera.†For 10 points, name this Georges Bizet opera about a Spanish gypsy cigarette girl.

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In the second act of this opera, one character sings a tune from Grétry's Richard the Lion-Hearted after a masque featuring Daphnis, Chloe, and Plutus is presented at a masked ball. After that Faithful Shepherdess intermezzo, the main character hides in a bedroom, revealing himself after the occupant sings a French song from her youth, "Je crains de lui parler la nuit." The main character then sings the pleading refrain "Yesli, kogda-nibud znali," but the Countess is unmoved. Prince Yeletski has his revenge when the main character fails to get the ace he expects in, FTP, this 1890 opera about a gambler named Herman, based on a story by Pushkin and composed by Tchaikovsky.

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In the second act, the villains of this opera swear an oath of vengeance in "Der Rache Werk" just before the heroine appears and sings "Euch Lüften, die mein Klagen" at the beginning of the Balcony Scene. That heroine's first act soliloquy "Einsam in trüben Tagen" describes her dream of the title character, who is forced to leave after Ortrud goads the heroine into asking the title character his name. A mechanical error during a performance led Leo Slezak to quip, "What time does the next swan leave?" The Bridal Chorus plays during Elsa's marriage in, FTP, this Wagner opera centering on the titular son of Parsifal.

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In the year 2000, Colin Matthews added an eighth movement to this work. Many of its parts were copied out by prisoners-of-war interned at Islington, near the girls school at Hammersmith where the composer was employed. The orchestra plays a pianissimo throughout the final movement, which is subtitled "the mystic," while the previous section, subtitled "the magician," has notable timpani solos. The work was inspired by Clifford Bax, who introduced the composer to astrology, and also includes sections subtitled "the bringer of jollity" and "the winged messenger." FTP, name this orchestral suite which has only seven movements, as Pluto had not yet been discovered when it was composed by Gustav Holst.

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In this opera the audience is asked to consider actors' "souls since we are men of flesh and bone" and "rather than our poor costumes" in the prologue "Si Puo?" In "Stridono lassu," the soprano yearns for the freedom of birds, so she could pursue her romance with Silvio, and after his advances are driven off with a whip Tonio eavesdrops on a plan to elope. The tenor laments that he must "put on the costume" and "Laugh . . . though [his] love is broken" in the aria "Vesti la Giubba" before he appears in a play about Colombina's affair with Arlecchino. Nedda is stabbed by her husband Canio, at the end of, for 10 points, this opera titled after clowns, by Leoncavallo.

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In this opera's beautiful trio "Soave sia il vento", three characters wish for "gentle winds" as two men get on a boat about to leave for war. In the duet "Il core di vono", one character accepts a heart-shaped locket from her suitor, while earlier that woman had rebuffed his advances that compared her faithfulness to a rock, in the aria "Come Scoglio." In this opera's third scene, two characters who pretend to drink poison are cured by a magnet operated by a doctor who is actually the maid Despina in disguise. In this opera's final scene, a double marriage is rearranged when two men pretending to be Albanian soldiers reveal their identities to Dorabella and Fiordiligi. This opera begins when Don Alfonso makes a bet with Ferrando and Guglielmo that their fiancées would not be faithful in their absence. For 10 points, name this Mozart comic opera with a title referring to women, roughly meaning "They're all like that."

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In this opera, "Tu che di gel sei cinta" and "Signore, ascolta!" are two arias sung by one female character; the male lead responds to the latter by urging "Non piangere." The other female lead's major aria, which recalls the abduction of her ancestress, is called "In questa reggia." The emperor Altoum tries to dissuade the male protagonist from trying to answer three riddles, as does the slave girl Liu, but Calaf is determined to win the hand of the title character, later singing the famous "Nessun dorma" in triumph. FTP, identify this Puccini opera named after a Chinese princess.

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In this opera, Dr. Morpheus sings the aria "Tzing! Tzing! Tzing!" and another character sings "Though I was the King of all Boeotia". In the first act, the title character torments his wife into keeping an affair a secret by playing the violin, which she hates. At the beginning of this opera, Public Opinion laments that the title character loves Chloe, while his wife loves the shepherd Aristaeus. In this opera, Jupiter disguises himself as a bacchante to try to rescue a woman held captive by John Styx, but when he can only dance the minuet, this leads the chorus to dance this opera's best-known piece, the "Galop Infernal". For 10 points, identify this operetta parodying Gluck that contains the "Can-Can", composed by Jacques Offenbach.

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In this opera, the composer and the librettist Ranieri de' Calzabigi aimed at a noble classical simplicity and avoided "the abuses of excessive ornamentation and other elements that pander to the vanity of the singers" as the composer later explained in his preface to the opera "Alceste". It includes the celebration of funeral rites by the nymphs and shepherds, and more famously, the Dance of the Furies and the Dance of the Blessed Spirits during the descent through Hades. FTP, what is this three act opera first performed in 1762 and composed by Christoph Gluck.

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In this symphony's Scherzo, the timpani and basses play contrasting rhythms during a similar melody of repeated A's. Its first movement, an allegro energico, begins with a variation of the song "Der Tamboursg'sell," which transforms into a march punctuated with the timpani playing a left-left-left-right-left cadence. Cowbells play during the finale of the first movement, which introduces an ascending theme named for the composer's wife. Its final movement is thirty minutes long, and ends with a fortissimo A flat chord after a repetition of the march theme is interrupted by three hammer blows, symbolizing three blows of fate. For 10 points, name this symphony by Gustav Mahler titled for its expression of despair.

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In this work's long first movement, the first of the three opening orchestral chords oddly lacks a B flat note, and each chord is followed by a short cadenza. Its second movement, in B major, ends with a long pedal point beginning with the French horns that sees a semitone drop from B major to B flat on the bassoon lead directly into the third movement, which is back in E flat major. Its Vienna premier featured the composer's student Carl Czerny as the soloist, due to the composer's deafness. FTP name this work for solo keyboard instrument and orchestra, the last such work written by Ludwig van Beethoven.

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In this work's second section, the cymbal, flute, and violins play quietly while the tenor whispers, "Move him into the sun". The first movement introduces the recurring tritone between C and F-sharp. The penultimate movement consists of alterations between excerpts from the B-minor and C-major scales, ending with the hushed chorus holding the final syllable of "sempiternam". The boys chorus quotes from the composer's earlier canticle Abraham and Isaac at the beginning of the "Offertorium". At the end of this work, the baritone and tenor converge to sing "let us sleep now" before all three sections of the chorus join to repeat "requiescant in pace". Commissioned for the reconsecration of the Coventry Cathedral, for 10 points, name this choral mass featuring the poetry of Wilfred Owen, composed by Benjamin Britten.

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In this work, thirty-six measures of the organ playing the B flat pedal culminates in the section "Accende Lumen Sensibus," while the composer emulated the polyphony of Bach's motet Singet dem Herrn ein neues Lied in the opening movement. In the finale, Doctor Marianus praises Mater Gloriosa, who is the personification of this symphony's unifying theme of the "Eternal Feminine." The first movement is based on the medieval hymn "Veni, Creator Spiritus," while the second movement is a setting of the final scene of Goethe's Faust. Featuring a chorus of over eight hundred at its premiere, for 10 points, name this Mahler symphony that requires many performers.

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In this work, two characters sing a barcarolle about a gondola girl and "Senator Three-Teeth." The heroine says she is like a fluttering breeze when she rejects her suitor, choosing instead to be impressed by Belcore. Gianetta first encourages the heroine to read aloud a story that attracts the hero's attention, and later reveals that the hero's uncle in Ravenna has died. In the aria "Prendi, per me sei libero," Adina finally admits that she loves the main chracter, who had just recognized her love for him in his aria "Una furtiva lagrima." The title substance is sold by Dr. Dulcamara in, for 10 points, this Donizetti opera in which Nemorino is impressed by a beverage drunk by Tristan and Isolde.

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It is an ancient form of instrumental music. Its origins lie in the Middle Ages when lutenists would meld several popular dances into a cycle. By the Baroque Period, the specific dances had been replaced by their skeletal structures, and the form attracted many major composers because of its variety in tempi, mood, and meters. For 10 points, name this form, a famous series of which are the six that Bach wrote for unaccompanied cello.

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It is based on a French work which was translated into the composer's language by Richard Genée, who took over the translation from Haffner. At the beginning of Act 3, the tired Frank listens to the "Audition Aria" performed by Adele, who is really a maid. In Act 1, Falke persuades one of the main characters to bring his fancy watch to a ball, after which another character is arrested in a case of mistaken identity. In the end, Gabriel von Eisenstein has to serve his own jail sentence after his wife Rosalinde defends herself from an accusation of infidelity. FTP name this comic opera by Johann Strauss, whose name refers to a costume worn by one of the characters.

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It is filled with delicate musical touches, perhaps most evident in the section entitled "Total Satisfaction." In its final piece, "The Poet Speaks," we are returned to the same key of G major that starts this work. It begins with "From Strange Lands and People," though the seventh piece, "Dreaming" is the most famous. Almost all of the thirteen sections are miniature ternary, A-B-A, forms in this collection of compositions for keyboard. FTP, name this group of works by Robert Schumann, intended to evoke memories of youth.

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It is strikingly similar to Martin y Soler's opera L'abore di Diana, not surprising as the librettist was working on both operas at the same time. It opens in a Naples café and soon moves to a villa, where the duet, "Ah guarda, sorella," is sung. The doctor in Act I and the notary in Act II are none other than Despina, the maid, in disguise; though she is unaware of the nature of the charade. That charade is engineered by the cynical Don Alfonso, who convinces two young men to assume the guise of Albanian nobleman to conduct a certain test. It centers on a wager of 100 sequins that Guglielmo's and Ferrando's fiancees, the sisters Dorabella and Fiordiligi, will prove unfaithful when put to the test. FTP, name this Mozart opera that translates as "So Do They All."

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It opens in the church of St. Katherine with the chorale "Da zur dir der Heiland" bringing the services to a close. In the second act, its villain Beckmesser, mistaking Magdalena for the heroine, serenades her only to be soundly thrashed by Magdalena's admirer, David. Before this opera begins we hear the orchestral prelude, which contains five major themes from it including the "Prize Song," which follows the "Dance of the Apprentices" in the opera proper. All ends happily, with Eva going to the winner of the song contest, Walther von Stolzing, who now becomes one of the title characters, like Hans Sachs. FTP, name this comedic opera by Richard Wagner set in the mid-16th-century in Nuremberg.

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It opens with Normanno informing his lord of an intruder on the grounds and the confirmation of that by the guards with the song "Come [KO-may] vinti." Just before the pleas of the chaplain Raimondo and the kindly attendant Alisa in Act II, we hear the famous sextet "Chi mi frena," which is only slightly less noteworthy than the title character's "Mad Scene" in Act III. The plot centers on a deception by Arturo Bucklaw, who has convinced the heroine that her love, Edgardo, has deserted her because her brother, Lord Ashton, will not look favorably on their match. Based on a Sir Walter Scott novel, FTP, name this tragic Donizetti opera about the titular woman.

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It opens with a French overture in minuet rhythm, "Fear no danger," though more typical songs follow. These include "Purse thy conquest, Love" and "Come away, fellow sailors," as well as the aria, "When I am laid in Earth," which is sung by one of the title characters and is known as her "lament." Nahum Tate wrote the libretto and was present at its first performance at Josias Priest's School for Young Ladies in Chelsea. FTP, name this opera about a queen of Carthage and a Trojan prince, the most famous work of Henry Purcell.

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It opens with a fine horn call, which changes into a galloping first movement. The second movement is in a slower tempo and contains a walking tread in the low strings and an oboe over the leading rhythm. There is a large scherzo, set of by a trio, while the finale includes a stamping theme with many repeated notes. It was discovered by Robert Schumann in its composer's posthumous papers and was initially labeled No. 7 because only six of its composers symphonies were known. FTP, name this last numbered symphony of Franz Schubert's.

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It opens with a slow three bar sequence that is eventually joined by a second melody for first violins based on a folk song that was brought to the composer's attention by Percy Grainger and named "In Ola Valley." The first melodic theme consists of a sequence of phrases written for strings and oboe that is played once and then softly repeated as if the instruments are engaged in an exchange. This work, whose composition was preceded by A Song of the High Hills, was completed in the same year as its companion piece Summer Night on the River. A tone poem, which was first performed in Leipzig in 1913, it concludes with a clarinet mimicking the calls of the title creature. For 10 points, identify this musical sketch that depicts a bird stirring after the long winter, a work by Frederick Delius.

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It starts with a trumpet solo in B-flat major that changes meter from 5 to 6, the tune of which is repeated in three later sections, all called "Promenade." First orchestrated by Tushmalov, it was later orchestrated by Stokowski, Ashkenazy, and in its best-known rendition, by Ravel. Sections include "Gnomus," "Bydlo," "Ballad of the Chicks in their Shells," and "The Great Gate of Kiev," all titles of paintings by the composer's friend Victor Hartmann. FTP, name this set of piano pieces by Modest Mussorgsky.

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It was based on the novel I, Son of the Working People, by its librettist Valentin Katayev. Its composer studied Ukrainian folk songs to add color and authenticity to this tale of the Ukrainian who led his fellow villagers to fight the invading Germans in 1918. FTP, name this nationalistic 1939 opera name for its main character, by Sergei Prokofiev.

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It was built at the Campo San Fantin based on the architect Gian Antonio Selva's design and opened on May 16, 1792 with Giovanni Pasiello's I Giochi di Agrigento. Operas that received their premieres in this house include Einstein on the Beach, The Rake's Progress, The Turn of the Screw, Rigoletto, and La Traviata. On January 29, 1996, the building burned down and will surely arise again like the phoenix it is. FTP identify the Venice opera house.

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It was first performed after Joseph Huttenbrunner's persistent badgering of conductor Johann Herbeck. The 14-minute first movement begins by laying down a cornerstone in the basses and was part of the portion sent to the Styrian Music Society for an award given to its composer. Set aside when its composer had contracted syphilis in 1822, it is numbered before the composer's so-called "Great" Symphony. FTP, name this 8th symphony written by Franz Schubert of which only two movements are complete.

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It was first performed on May 14, 1832, in London, with Thomas Attwood conducting. The opening theme, led by lower strings and bassoons, came to the composer on a trip he made with Karl Klingemann, who described the titular location with the words, "its many pillars making it like the inside of an immense pipe organ, black, loud." Its second subject uses the emphasis of cellos to imitate the sounds of rolling waves, which follows the reverberant roaring after the huge grotto has been entered. FTP, name this Mendelssohn overture that was inspired by a visit to Fingal's Cave on a Scottish island.

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It was originally dedicated to Emma Bardac, the composer's mistress. The final movement begins with a roll of the timpani, and the conversation between the instruments ends with the theme that concluded the opening movement. Erik Satie "particularly liked the part at a quarter to eleven," referring to the title of the first movement "From dawn to midday." The second movement features themes constructed from whole-tone scales often associated with the composer and was entitled "Play of Waves." FTP, name this collection of three "symphonic sketches" written by Claude Debussy and intended to evoke his time on the water.

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It was premiered at the opening of the Cathedral of Christ the Savior in 1882 and begins with a hymn, God Preserve thy People, that sets a bucolic, peaceful scene. Soon the horns enter, portraying the savage thrusts of the invaders and rending the tranquility of the scene. Eventually playing bits of La Marseillaise, a diminuendo is followed by the most famous sound in the piece a barrage portraying noises of a raging battle. It is then joined by the hymn God Save The Tsar, resplendent with pealing bells and fireworks. FTP, name this piece technically known as Opus 49: Overture in E-flat, a patriotic work filled with cannon fire that honored the defeat of Napoleon's Russian campaign by Tchaikovsky.

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It was the forerunner to a similar painting that inspired its artist to compose the poem "Before the Mirror." That work, unlike this one, depicted a younger version of its subject with her hair pulled back. In this work, on the other hand, the curly hair falls about her ruffled shoulders and a heavy curtain provides the background. The artist instructed the model, his Irish mistress Joanna Hiffernan, to hang her arms listlessly by her side; she also holds a lily in her left hand, which contrasts with the crushed, dark flowers that lie in front of her on the wolf skin rug. Thought to be a depiction of a victim of mesmerism or a bride after her wedding night, FTP, identify this portrait of a young woman dressed in the titular color which dominates this work by Whistler.

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It was written as the composer nursed his twenty-year old nephew Karl back to health following a suicide attempt. The opening movement is in sonata form. The slow movement is full of halting rhythms. The manuscript of the final movement is marked "The Difficult Resolution." A three note motto intoned by viola and cello asks "Muss es sein?" ("Must it be?") and the violins provide the inverted response allegro "Es muss sein!" ("It must be!"). FTP name this 1826 work, Beethoven's last complete composition.

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Its "song of the roasted swan" provides a grotesque solo for countertenor, and another notable aria is "In trutina." "Behold the good and long-awaited spring," "On the unsteady scales of my heart," "I am the abbot," "When we are in the tavern," and "I bewail the wounds of fate" are the titles of a few of its movements. Beginning with the movement "O Fortuna" and based on some 13th-century German and Latin texts, FTP, name this 26-movement cantata by Carl Orff.

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Its composer described it as a "gift to the nation" and his recent study of Bach's concertos lent much to the polyphony of the opening, an extended sonata structure in B flat. Especially notable are the solo violin passage in the first Infirma nostri corporis and the entry of the boys' choir in Gloria Patri Domino. The first movement is built around the hymn Veni Creator Spiritus while the last scene of Goethe's Faust: Part II forms the basis for the second. The composer's intent for the piece remains unknown, but its 1910 premiere is considered his greatest triumph. For 10 points, name this Mahler symphony, his eighth, that requires a lot of people to perform.

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Its composer did not refer to it as an opera but as a "légende dramatique," since most of the action takes place within the music and not on the stage. It includes the orchestral pieces "Dance of the Sylphs" and "Rákóczy March," as well as musical adaptations of songs from the play on which it was based. These include "Song of the Rats," sung by Brander; "Ballad of the King of Thule," sung by Margarita; and "Song of the Flea," sung by Mephistopheles. FTP, identify this Berlioz adaptation of a play by Goethe.

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Its composer termed the "Bourreaux de Solitude" sections "Commentaries" to avoid the thematic connotations of the term "variations." Its score contains the phrase "Oubli Signal lapide" referring to an earlier work by the same composer whose structural elements were copied in this work. To contrast with "sound-blocs" of its "L'Artisanat furieux" sections, its composer employed a serial technique with pitch and duration and it was the first of his works in which he introduced the idea of indeterminacy. Incorporating an alto flute, vibes, guitar, percussion, viola and a xylorimba, as well as an alto singer, it takes its name from a collection of poems by Rene Char. For 10 points, identify this major work of Pierre Boulez which depicts a workman's tool that is, presumably, accountable to none.

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Its creator described it as "very loud and noisy," and admitted that he was only interested in the lucrative commission. Composed for the consecration of the Cathedral of Christ the Savior for the 1882 Moscow Exhibition, it debuted on August 20th to immediate accolades, and was eventually made the composer's Opus number 49. Using the Marseillaise and the Tsarist national anthem to depict two armies, it uses bells, cannons, and a fireworks finale to commemorate the 70th anniversary of the Battle of Borodino. FTP, name this famous Tchaikovsky overture named for the year Borodino was fought.

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Its famous arias include "Sgombra e la sacra selva" and "Guerra, guerra!" Taken from a book by Giuseppe Romani, it ends with Pollio joining the title character in death after he refuses to renounce Adalgisa, a priestess of the temple of Irminsul. FTP, identify this opera, which premiered in 1831, set during the Roman occupation of Gaul and centering on a high priestess of the Druids, a work of Vincenzo Bellini.

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Its famous chorus is the only encore James Levine ever allowed at the Metropolitan Opera; oddly, though, the encore at its premiere was not that chorus but "Immenso Jehovah." The opera begins with a love triangle, as Fenena and Abigaille compete for the affections of Ismaele; however, after Abigaille discovers she is a slave and not the daughter of the title character, she launches a coup and lands the crown. The opera ends as Fenena and the Jews are about to be sacrificed on the altar of Baal, but they are saved by the title king. FTP, name this Verdi opera set in Babylon that includes a chorus of Hebrew slaves singing "Va, pensiero, sull'ali dorate."

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Its final stanza is hurled out in E flat major, over a concluding fortissimo in the orchestra supplemented by organ, deep bells, and ten horns. After its introduction, the composer felt it necessary to call for a five-minute pause before the start of the second movement, a minuet. The following movement is based on a setting of the song "St. Anthony of Padua's Sermon to the Fish," but it is the final movement, which is characterized by the chorus intoning the command "Arise," that gives this work its name. FTP, name this symphony based on a Friedrich Klopstock ode and composed by Gustav Mahler.

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Its first movement opens with an ominous theme played by the brass. The strings soon enter with a minor motif that shifts in a major theme before all tonality disappears. Its second movement begins with quiet, sweet music for winds and strings and builds into an uninterrupted transition to the third and final movement, which alludes to the work's title. The section titles of "Luttes" and "Voluptes" were later added, FTP, to what first major orchestral composition of Alexander Scriabin, preceding both Prometheus and the Poem of Ecstasy?

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Its first section states that a "full glass of wine at the proper moment is worth more than all the riches of the world," while its fourth section begins with a description of maidens picking lotus flowers among bushes. A man's stomach and soul become full of wine in its fifth section "The Drunkard in Spring," and the images of a jade bridge and green and white porcelain dominate its fifth section, "Of Youth." Its last section, "The Farewell," ends with the word "ewig" repeated twice, and it was first conducted by Bruno Walter six months after its composer died. For 10 points -- name this orchestration of Chinese poems that was deliberately not called a Ninth Symphony by Gustav Mahler.

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Its second section invites the listener to feel the brass roar of the lion and uses a series of dotted notes to represent a stag bounding through a thicket. It begins with a series of unfocused harmonic textures and an atmosphere of vague formlessness, known as "Representation of Chaos," followed by the arrival of the three soloists Gabriel, Raphael, and Uriel. The third and final part of this 1795 work with a libretto by Gottfried von Swieten depicts the stirring of Adam and Eve in the Garden. FTP identify this oratorio based on Paradise Lost, featuring the famous "There was light" eruption, composed by Haydn.

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Its story is about a prostitute used by thieves to lure victims: first an old man, then an adolescent, and finally the title character, who is robbed and survives being smothered, stabbed, and hung, but finally dies after the girl gives herself to him. The ensuing near-riot at its stage premiere in 1926 in Cologne would lead to mayor Conrad Adenauer to reprimand its composer. For ten points, name this pantomime by Bela Bartok.

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Its third movement includes such unorthodox instrumentation as a clarinet tuned to E flat and a bass drum meant to be struck by a bundle of twigs. The fourth movement contains a march that features offstage brass and timpani and a solo flute that plays a "nightingale song." Originally titled Totenfeier after a poem of Adam Mickiewicz, it includes the chorale Aufersteh'n heard at the funeral of the composer's friend Bülow and written by Klopstock and a scene representing a saint of Padua preaching to some disinterested fish. According to the composer, he was burying the hero of his last symphony in this one and, indeed, it starts with a funeral march. FTP, identify this epic symphony of Gustav Mahler, his second.

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Its two major orchestral preludes occur in the beginnings of Acts II and III and are respectively titled "Sunday Morning" and "Moonlight." These are slightly different than "Dawn," the entr'acte that begins this opera's first act. The title character's vocal performances include "Now the Great Bear and the Pleiades" and ""What harbor shelters peace," both of which are sung before his murder of an apprentice ruins hope of a rich life and a marriage to Ellen Orford. The action takes place in The Borough, a village where the title fisherman dwells in, FTP, what opera by Benjamin Britten?

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Its unique text was due in large part to the contribution of a 14-year old autistic boy, Christopher Knowles. It is performed in four acts and five interludes, called "knee plays" because of their connective function. Much of the time a violinist wanders between proscenium and pit, and all of the performers are dressed in short-sleeved white shirts and suspenders in this five-hour minimalist work. FTP, name this 1976 opera by Phillip Glass.

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Kurt Schwertsik wrote a "Shrunken" one of these that is under six minutes long for the Eve of the New Millenium concert in Salzburg. Both Alan Hovhaness' 49th one and Krysztof Penderecki's second one are known as "Christmas," and Olivier Messaien only wrote one, called Turangalia. Stravinsky wrote a notable one in C, while Shostakovich's second one, "To October," is in one long movement. "Song of the Night" is the appellation of the seventh of Mahler's, and Tchaikovsky wrote ones named "Manfred," "Winter Dreams" and "Pathetique." FTP name this genre of composition, notable examples of which are Mozart's "Jupiter" one and the fifth one of Beethoven.

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Leopold Godowsky composed a passacaglia with 44 variations on the opening theme of this work, most later scores of which seem to be based off of the score published by Spina rather than the original monograph. Most drafts omit the sustained B pedal in the first horn and second bassoon at bar 109 in this piece, which open in the cellos and basses before its theme is brought in by the winds. A solo clarinet entrance brings in a second theme before passing to the oboes in the second movement of this work, during which its composer began composing the “Wanderer†Fantasy as well. It was first premiered by Johann Herbeck, who also added a third movement as a finale. For 10 points, name this eighth work by Schubert, so named for only containing two complete movements.

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Like The Puritans, this opera contains a cavatina which begins with the words "Vieni fra queste braccia." One aria in this opera contains a prayer to God to "Protegge il adres mio," whcih follows the title invocation, "Deh, tu reggi in tal momento il mio cor." Isacco provides evidence against the protagonist of this opera, who is sheltering her father Fernando. This opera's overture switches from G major to E major and back, and uses two snare drum rolls to introduce its orchestra section. Centering on a servant of Fabrizio who wishes to marry his son Gianetto, for 10 points, name this opera in which Ninetta is absolved of stealing a spoon actually taken by the title bird, composed by Giacchino Rossini.

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Ljuba Welitsch is arguably the most famous soprano to play the title character in this opera, based on a Hedwig Lachmann translation. After the title character leaves a feast, she can hear her mother, Herodias, being cursed at. This opera contains a passage for quarrelling Jews and a spell in which the title character gives vent to her lust for Jokanaan. Jokanaan is later slain and his severed head presented to to the title character upon a silver charger. Set in Palestine at the time of Christ, FTP name this opera by Strauss in which the title character performs the "Dance of the Seven Veils" before King Herod and his court.

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Luca Agnoli wrote the aria Vasto teatro è il mondo for this opera, but it is often replaced by Là del ciel nell'arcano profondo, which is sung by the royal tutor Alidoro. The valet Dandini pretends to be Prince Ramiro and goes to Don Magnifico looking for a wife, eventually picking the title character over Clorinda and Tisbe, her haughty stepsisters. FTP, name this Rossini opera retelling a popular fairy tale about a trip to a ball engineered by a fairy godmother.

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Much of the second section of this work is played in triple time. The opening theme is structured around the first four notes, A, G sharp, A, G natural, and part 1 features a vision of demons before a character sings "Into thy hands." At one point this work contains an instruction that every instrument must "exert its fullest force," that climactic section was added on the advice of its composer's friend August Jaeger. Part 2 includes the lullaby "Softly and Gently" as sung by a chorus of angels, while the whole work begins with an orchestral prelude that segues into the title figure's first words: "Jesu, Maria." Originally composed for the Birmingham music festival, it depicts the title man's journey from death to his encounter with God in Heaven. For 10 points, identify this oratorio based on a poem by Cardinal John Newman, a work by Edward Elgar.

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One aria in this opera sees the villain hand the female protagonist a knife, order her to kill a priest, and sing about “Hell's vengeance.†One character in this opera escapes from a Moor named Monostatos. Another character in this opera is the birdcatcher Papageno. The opera hits high F6 in its soprano aria “Der Holle Rache.†Its plot centers on the love between Tamina and Pamino. The priest Sarastro opposes the Queen of the Night in this opera. For 10 points, name this opera about an enchanted woodwind instrument, by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart.

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One ballet by this composer includes the songs “I ride an old paint,†“McLeod's Reel,†and William H. Stepp's version of “Bonaparte's Retreat.†Another ballet by this composer uses a C# bass line in its “Celebration Dance,†which follows a “Card Game at Night†and a “Gun Battle.â€Â This composer wrote a ballet whose suite does not include the “Ranch House Party,†but does include the “Saturday Night Waltz†and “Hoe-Down†movements. This composer used five variations on a Shaker theme for the melody “Simple Gifts†in a ballet set in Pennsylvania. For 10 points, name this composer of Rodeo, Billy the Kid, and Appalachian Spring.

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One ballet by this composer makes use of the Renaissance French dance, bransle, for its serialist second Pas de Trois. Another of his ballets was adapted from music the composer thought to be by Pergolesi and had sets designed by Picasso. Besides Agon and Pulcinella, his other ballets include one written for Sergei Diaghilev in which the Moor slays the title puppet. He wrote a ballet whose first part, "The Adoration of the Earth," opens with a high bassoon solo, and caused a riot at its 1913 Paris premiere. For 10 points, name this Russian composer of Petrouchka and The Rite of Spring.

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One character in this opera performs the "Csardas" to verify her disguise as a Hungarian countess before stealing her husband's watch to prove his infidelity, and earlier she convinces Alfred to pretend to be her husband and serve his eight-day sentence in jail. In the "laughing" song, "Mein Herr Marquis, ein Mann wie Sie," a maid convinces her master that she is actually an actress. While pretending to be Chevalier Chagrin, the jailer, Frank convinces Adele to come home with him where they find Rosalinde arguing with her husband. Falke leads the guests of Prince Orlofsky's ball to witness Baron Eisenstein's reconciliation, in, for 10 points, this operetta by Johann Strauss.

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One character in this opera sings to the overcoat he is about to sell in the aria "Vecchia zimarra." Another character in this opera sings farewell to her lover in "Addio senza rancor" in a scene in Act III, set by a tollhouse. Earlier, a character in this opera had won back a former lover by singing "Quando m'en vo" to incite his jealousy, before instructing a waiter to put all of her friends' charges on Alcindoro's bill. Musetta sells her earrings for medicine, but even Rodolfo's remembrance of a pink bonnet cannot save the tubercular Mimi in this opera. For 10 points, name this Giacomo Puccini opera about a group of poor artists living in Paris.

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One character in this work sings of how he is reduced to empty space in the aria "Quando ero paggio" after following along another character's lute. Another character sings "Il cornuto chi e?," which, after a double marriage, is replied in the form of "Lo scornato chi e?" That marriage results in Caius consummating with a red-nosed ruffian dressed in a white veil, while Fenton marries Nannetta after singing "Dal labbro il canto estasato vola." After offering the protagonist a bag of gold to assail virtue, another character, who takes the name Fontana, sings "E sogno? o realta?" Earlier, the protagonist had delivered the ironic aria "L'onore! Ladri," sung to Bardolph and Pistol. Featuring a trist at Herne's Oak and a toss out of a laundry basket, FTP name this final work of Giuseppe Verdi about the wooing of the merry wives of Windsor by the titular Shakespearean knight.

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One character in this work woos Giovanna's charge while disguised as the poor student Walter Maldè. That same character seduces the Countess Ceprano after summarizing his womanizing philosophy in the aria "Questa o quella." The title character is tricked into helping break into his own house, where Borsa, Marullo and their companions succeed in carrying off the title character's daughter to the Duke of Mantua. Monterone's curse on the title character is fulfilled when his daughter Gilda sacrifices herself to Sparafucile's knife. Featuring the aria "La donna è mobile," FTP name this Verdi opera about the titular hunchbacked jester.

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One live album by this artist is titled for the Rodgers & Hart showtune My Funny Valentine. One group led by  this man performed the first two renditions of Monk's “Straight, No Chaser,†and that sextet went on to release Porgy and Bess as part of this artist's collaboration with Gil Evans. One of this man's albums contains “The Pan Piper†and “Concierto de Aranjuez,†and “Cannonball†Adderley and Herbie Hancock played in his quintets. This artist released Bitches Brew and Sketches of Spain, and included “Flamenco Sketches,†“Freddie Freeloader,†and “So What†on his best known album. For 10 points, name this jazz trumpeter who released Kind of Blue.Â

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One movement of this work depicts a scene from the ballet Trilby and is followed by a depiction of a conversation between “Two Jews: Rich and Poor.†In one movement in this work, the alto saxophone is played above a continuous bass, evoking a troubadour's song in front of “The Old Castle.†16th note tremolos are found in its ninth movement, inspired by a drawing of a large clock in the shape of Baba Yaga's “Hut on Fowl's Legs.†Orchestrated by Ravel, this piece ends with a two-part rondo depicting “The Great Gate of Kiev.†For 10 points, name this piano work originally composed by Modest Mussorgsky, a setting of various Viktor Hartmann artworks.

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One of his compositions for six vocalists is based on a single B-flat ninth chord and requires the singers to emphasize overtones up to the 24th partial . He included a serialized part for a mime making prayer gestures in his Inori, and Plus-Minus was the first of his "process compositions." His work with indeterminacy includes Zyklus, a spirally-bound score that can begin on any page, and Refrain, which features circular notation. Another piece is scored for three orchestras with three conductors, and is called Gruppen. Each part of his most ambitious work opens with a "Greeting" and ends with a "Farewell." The "Farewell" for Thursday was played, at its premiere, from the rooftops of the square outside La Scala. For 10 points, identify this composer of several Klavierstücke, the seven-part operatic cycle Licht, and the Helicopter Quartet.

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One of his last successful operas was based on a poem by Frédéric Mistral, while his third opera was based on a play by Molière. In addition to Mireille and The Doctor In Spite of Himself, he wrote ten other operas, the first of which was written at the request of Turgenev's mistress Pauline Viardot. He devoted much of his career to religious works, including a number of masses and the oratorios Redemption and Mors et Vita, but is best known for an opera which includes the "Soldiers' Chorus" and the "Jewel Song." FTP, name this French composer of such operas as Sapho, Romeo and Juliet, and an 1859 work centering on the love of Mauguerite for its title character, Faust.

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One of his operas includes the arias "With my mother" and "How strange and dead," as well as a furiant dance and "The Dance of the Comedians." His orchestral works include the Triumphal Symphony, the Festive Symphony, and a collection of symphonic tone poems, including one that opens with paired flutes depicting two springs. He said that the finale of a string quartet "includes a long-drawn out note, the fatal whistling" meant to symbolize his syphilis-induced deafness. FTP name this composer of the opera The Bartered Bride and the string quartet From My Life who depicted "The Moldau" in his Má vlast.

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One of his orchestral works uses two of Beethoven's marches for military band in its second movement, which unlike the rest of the piece is scored only for winds. Another of his orchestral works ends with a Passacaglia adapted from the "Hymn to the Sun" appearing in his ballet Saint Francis, from which the work was adapted. In addition to the Symphonia Serena and Nobilissima Visione, he used a medieval dance called "Three Fountains" in his Concerto for Piano and Orchestra, while he used German folk tunes in his 1935 Concerto for Viola and Orchestra called "the Organ-Grinder." He was inspired by themes by Carl Maria von Weber in writing his Symphonic Metamorphoses, while his best known symphony is based on themes from an opera he himself wrote. FTP, name this German composer of Mathis der Maler.

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One of the first cultivators of the Cuban variety was José Pepe Sánchez, who in 1885 produced one entitled Tristezas. Distinctive features are the "paseo," "bien parado," and various battements, and it is characterized by a triplet on the second half of the first beat. Typically in a three-four time signature, FTP, name this Spanish and Latin-American dance most famously produced by Ravel.

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One of them was written by Carl Heinrich Graun to commemorate Frederick the Great's victory at the Battle of Prague. Another was written by Zoltan Kodaly (koh-dye) to commemorate the 250th anniversary of the relief of Buda from the Turks. Charpentier wrote four of them, including one in D major which was probably written to commemorate the battle of Steinkerque, while Michael Haydn wrote six. Bruckner originally intended his to be the final movement of his Ninth Symphony, while William Walton's was written for the coronation of Elizabeth II. The last verse of Arthur Sullivan's originally began "O Lord, save the Queen," but the previous verse can be repeated for other occasions. Berlioz intended for his version, scored for three choruses, organ, and orchestra, to be performed in a cathedral. FTP, name this musical setting of a hymn often attributed to St. Ambrose, which is sung on celebratory occasions and whose first part praises God the father.

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One of these by Charles Ives features a section inspired by Hawthorne's "The Celestial Railroad." One of these by Honegger features songs from the city of Basel, while the finale of Tchaikovsky's includes the folk melody "In the fields there stands a birch tree." One of these features such descriptive markings as "very perfumed" and "with a lofty and joyous emotion" and is also referred to as the "Poem of Ecstasy." A soprano soloist sings of heavenly delights in a tune taken from Des Knaben Wunderhorn in the one by Mahler. Two sets of timpani at opposite ends of the orchestra feature in the finale of Nielsen's, given the moniker "Inextinguishable." FTP, identify the number shared by these symphonies, others of which include Bruckner's Romantic, Mendelssohn's Italian, and the symphony following Beethoven's Eroica.

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One of these pieces in G minor features a continuous tremolo of sixty-fourth and thirty-second notes and is entitled Preludio. Another, marked "presto scherzando," which opens with a series of staccato grace notes, is frequently paired with Waldesrauschen and is called Gnomenreigen. Those two, along with a D-flat one written on three staffs called Un Sospiro, are examples of ones marked "de Concert". A repeated D-sharp mimics the tinkling of a bell in one entitled La Campanella, and a famous set of them includes such titles as Harmonies du Soir, Feux Follets, and Mazeppa. FTP, name these piano pieces by a Hungarian composer, collections of which are named the "Paganini" and the "Transcendental."

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One of this composer's early successes was a setting of "Behold the Murmuring Sea," a poem by the same author who inspired his The Combat of Tancredi and Clorinda. An ascension of a patron led to the opera Licoris Who Feigned Madness, and he lost his wife around the time of writing an aria beginning "Let Me Die," the "Lamento D'Arriana." Another opera with libretto by Busenello drew heavily on events in Tacitus' Annals, and in the Prologue of another opera, the Spirit of Music introduces the story of the title character, who is helped by Proserpina but fails his quest by looking backward. For 10 points, name this Italian composer of The Coronation of Poppea and L'Orfeo.

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One of this composer's highly influential works was his String Octet in E-flat Major. Also an important conductor whose performance of the St. Matthew Passion rejuvenated the reputation of Bach, this composer of the "Elijah" oratorio was inspired by the waves on the Scottish coast, leading to the "Hebrides" overture. FTP, who was this composer of "A Midsummer Night's Dream" Overture and the "Italian" Symphony?

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One of this composer's operas sees the bartender Minnie save the life of the outlaw Jack. In addition to Girl of the Golden West, he also composed an opera in which the title character sings “Vissi d'Arte†and laments that her lover's fate is in the hands of Scarpia. Cio-Cio San stabs herself after Pinkerton abandons her in another work by this composer, who died while writing an opera in which Prince Calaf sings the aria “Nessun dorma.†For 10 points, name this Italian composer of the operas Tosca, Turandot, Madama Butterfly, and La Bohème.

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One of this composer's works contains a B section intermezzo in G sharp, and was commissioned by Artur Rubinstein. Besides Fantasia baetica, this composer's harpsichord concerto was commissioned by Wanda Landowska. This composer never completed his cantata Atlantida, and included movements titled "Will o' the Wisp," "The Dance of Terror," and "Ritual Fire Dance" in a ballet about Carmelo's love for Candelas. This composer wrote a set of three symphonic impressions including "In the Generalife," and composed a piece about a miller based on a story by Alarcon. For 10 points, name this Spanish composer of Love, The Magician and The Three-Cornered Hat.

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One of this man's early works was a Clarinet Sonata that no clarinet players were willing to play. Like this man's String Quartet in Four Parts, Indian themes were prevalent in one of his ballets which used the gamut technique and was choreographed for Merce Cunningham. Besides Sonatas and Interludes and The Seasons, this man wrote the 64 by 64, I Ching-inspired, four part Music of Changes for solo piano, to which he added cymbals and two phonographs for the first of his five Imaginary Landscapes. This composer also wrote a three-movement piece whose only sounds come from the environment. For 10 points, name this composer of 4'33'' (four, thirty-three).

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One of this man's protagonists dies when he blows up his palace after his mother Fides sings the aria “Ah my son.†In Act III of another of this composer's operas, a hurricane begins to rise as Nelusko sings a ballad about the monster Adamastor. The protagonist of that opera by this man sings “O Paradise!†upon arriving in Selika's homeland. This composer of operas about John of Leyden and Vasco da Gama created a work in which Bertram summons a ballet of debauched nuns to tempt the title character, who is engaged to Isabelle. Another of his operas centers on Raoul de Nagis and culminates in the St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre. For 10 points, name this composer of such operas as Le Prophete, L'Africaine, Robert le Diable, and Les Huguenots.

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One of this musical work's unusual features is the appearance of the main theme only after an 18-bar introduction and its first main section. The seventh section marks the first use of the Dies Irae theme, which is periodically placed in opposition to the main theme until it concludes with a famous unaccompanied statement of the main theme. The 19th section celebrates the left-hand pizzicato technique of the work's inspiration, but the most famous is the 18th, a romantic anthem derived by inverting the main theme. FTP, what is this rhapsody celebrating the 24th caprice of a famous violinist, written by Sergei Rackmaninoff?

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One of this piece's quirks is that audiences often forget etiquette and applaud after its third movement, a powerful march. The mood is set by an introduction in a dark register of the bassoon with a drone bass and sighing strings. The second movement, in uneven 5/4 time, might not be as memorable as the brass chorale interruption in the first movement, which features a melody from the Russian Requiem. It was named by the composer's brother as a reference to a sonata of the same name by Beethoven. FTP, identify this symphony of Pyotr Tchaikovsky.

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One of this work's movements is written in 6/8 time and features the heading "al tempo di Giga". The composer's biographer Johann Forkel argues that its penultimate movement is a joke based on the family tradition of singing vulgar peasant tunes at gatherings. The folk song "Cabbage and turnips have driven me away; had my mother cooked meat, I'd have decided to stay" was the basis for this work's penultimate section, which is a "quodlibet." This piece is the fourth member of the series Clavier-Ubung and every third section is a canon. This work was composed for the titular musician who played during the night to Count Kaiserling who suffered from insomnia. For 10 points, name this work by J. S. Bach written for harpsichord consisting of thirty variations on the initial aria.

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One opera by this composer begins with a prelude repeating “Open are the double doors of the horizon/Unlocked are its bolts.†That opera by this composer contains a second-act recitation of Psalm 104, following a duet in which the title character reads love poems to his wife, who is in a lower register. Another opera by this composer contains an electric organ accompanying repeating countdowns as well as “All Men are Equal†and “Mr. Bojangles†in its first “Trial,†which precedes the second of the five “knee plays.†For 10 points, name this minimalist composer of Satyagraha, Akhenaten, and Einstein on the Beach.

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One opera by this composer features the character Nisibi singing a 'sleep aria' entitled "Komm, sanfter Schlaf!" and also features a chorus of Persians in the aria "Ein Doppler Kranz." In addition to Miriways, this composer wrote a a pair of cantatas entitled The Ode of Thunder and The Times of the Day. In addition to issuing a didactic collection of pieces under the title The Faithful Music Master, this composer created a series of thirty-six oratorios and serenades for an annual banquet of militia captains in Hamburg, as well as a piece featuring a G major Largo first movement in 3/2 time, now recognized as the earliest known concerto for viola. A more well-known opera by this composer features the crafty Vespetta who attempts to marry her elderly employer in Pimpinone. For 10 points, identify this composer best known for a set of fifteen pieces written to accompany a meal, Tafelmusik or Musique de Table.

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One opera by this man ends with the title character, planting his flag and basking in a golden light as a Te Deum plays; earlier, that title character, whose conscience is a separate character, had quelled a sailors' revolt and fought through storms whipped up by Aztec gods. This man collaborated with Paul Claudel on that opera, Christophe Colomb. Another of his works is titled for a Brazilian tango and features a rondo theme repeated twelve times in twelve keys; that ballet by this man is set in a speakeasy and sees a policeman decapitated by a ceiling fan. Fernand Leger designed the costumes and set for a ballet by this man that was inspired by jazz and African folk mythology. For 10 points, identify this member of Les Six who composed The Ox on the Roof and La Création du Monde.

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One opera published by this man begins with Sister Jeanne having night visions and ends with Jeanne's love for Grandier was the cause of her possession, that work is titled the Devils of Loudon. In addition to an opera based on and titled Paradise Lost, this man published a work with 27 sections with titles like "Et egressus" and "ludica me, Deus" and features an a capella section of the "Stabat Mater." A well known work by this man was expanded in 2005 by a movement titled Ciaconna. That 17 movement work's first two movements are titled Introtius and Kyrie and features the traditional hymn Swiety Boze. This man wrote a work arranged for 52 strings and originally titled it 8' 37". For 10 points, identify this conductor and composer of the St. Luke's Passion, Polish Requiem, and Threnody to the Victims of Hiroshima.

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One opera which this man composed and wrote the libretto for now exists only in rival orchestrations by Gunther Schuller , T. J. Anderson, and William Bolcom. That opera by this composer concludes with the dance "A Real Slow Drag," after Remus rescues the title character from the "conjur men." That character is the adopted daughter of Ned who is named for the place where she was found near a plantation in Arkansas. He also composed an opera about a 1902 dinner at the White House, A Guest of Honor, which, like his final dramatic work, If, is now lost. His first credited compositions were "Please Say You Will" and "A Picture of Her Face," which he followed with the "The Strenuous Life," "The Easy Winners," "The Chrysanthemum, and the previously described opera Treemonisha. FTP, name this composer of "The Cascades," "The Entertainer," and "Maple Leaf Rag," who was the pre-eminent ragtime piano writer.

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One part of this work sees a speaker describe the “Fourth of July plumes†on a selection of “red and yellow and blue†bathing caps. That Lucinda Childs text is recited from a bed during this work's passage “Prematurely Air-Conditioned Supermarket,†which is followed in its “Prison†section by passages about Mr. Bojangles and quotes from Carole King's “I Feel the Earth Move.†Many songs in this work consist of repetitions of solfege syllables and numbers, while others contain poetry by Christopher Knowles. Its three major sections are called “Train,†“Trial,†and “Field/Spaceship;†those sections are broken up by its so-called “knee plays.†For 10 points, identify this five-hour-long opera about a scientist, the first “portrait†opera by Philip Glass.

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One portion of the first part of this work opens with the direction “With sudden rapture†and concludes with a 36-measure B-flat pedal-point reprise of the opening section. The finale of the first part features a boys' choir joined by the full ensemble singing “Gloria Patri,†a motif featured again in the second part, which ends with a pianissimo build-up called “The Sacred Feminine draws us up†and another reprise of the main theme, “Veni, Creator Spiritus.†Following its composer's Song of the Night, for 10 points, identify this 1906 E-flat major symphony of Gustav Mahler which is given its nickname due to its extremely large number of chorus and orchestra members.

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One series of works by this composer features such titles as "Versatility" and "The New Classicism," those Satires were written four years before this composer's Folksongs for Chorus. A series of trills on one of the title instruments ends this composer's Fantasy for Violin and Piano. This man used a series of ascending fourths and descending minor seconds to symbolize the severity of the title figure in his Ode to Napoleon, while his final works, including A Survivor from Warsaw and Kol Nidre, reflected his Jewish heritage. This man, who composed a huge cantata for 140 players based on poems by Jens Peter Jacobsen, the Gurrelieder, discussed his ideas in such volumes as Theory of Harmony and used "Sprechstimme" in his song cycle about a clown. For 10 points, identify this creator of the 12 tone technique, the composer of Transfigured Night and Pierrot Lunaire.

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One symphonic work by this composer was written for Johann Maelzel's “Panharmonicon,†a mechanical contraption that could play military band instruments. Richard Wagner called this composer's frenetic seventh symphony the “apotheosis of the dance.†One of his symphonies begins with a short-short-short-long motif that was dubbed “fate knocking on the door.†His sixth and third symphonies are the Pastoral and Eroica. For 10 points, name this German composer, whose Choral Ninth Symphony contains a fourth-movement setting of “Ode to Joy.â€

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One version is a suite in four sections, including parts named "Prelude", "The Spinner", and the oft-omitted "Siciliana". Written by Gabriel Faure, it is also the subject of a suite by Sibelius and a symphonic poem by Schoenberg. The most famous version is an opera notable for its almost word-for-word setting of the original text and subordinate use of impressionistic music sung by characters like Arkel and Golaud, as composed by Claude Debussy. FTP, what are these musical works based on a play by Maurice Maeterlinck?

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Only the first movement survives of this composer's 1876 Piano Quartet in A minor, written in his student days at the Vienna Conservatory. Cowbells are employed in the first "Nachtmusik" movement of his seventh symphony. The finale of his fourth symphony and his Lieder eines fahrenden Gesellen both set texts from the German folk poem collection, Das Knaben Wunderhorn. His fifth symphony opens with a funeral march in C-sharp minor and contains an Adagietto in F major, while his sixth symphony contains a melody named for his wife, Alma. For 10 points, name this Austrian composer of symphonies nicknamed "Titan," "Tragic," and "Resurrection."

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Only two of them appear outside of their group scene, one being Waltraute, who performs "Hore mit Sinn" later in the story. They are derided as "ill-mannered" and "born of the bond of a dissolute love" by their father's wife, who dislikes the presence of the offspring of Erda. Another prominent one is ordered to defend the marriage of Hunding and performs "War es so schmählich" after being disowned near their namesake rock for intervening on behalf of Siegfried. All wear the costume featuring an eight-petalled shield boss and bird-winged helmet. FTP, Bruennhilde is one of what title figures of the second opera in Wagner's Ring cycle, who lend their name to an oft-heard "ride?"

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Originally begun as a Fantasie, it eventually assumed a three movement structure with a "cyclic" theme. Its final section includes a movement marked by a rowdy peasant dance and is marked Anime. It begins with an atmospheric tremolo played by an English horn that spreads with an infectious lift to the woodwinds, and is meant to recall a shepherd's tune the composer heard on his walks through the countryside. The composer's decision to incorporate certain instruments echoes the decisions of his teacher Cesar Franck. Completed in 1886, it was inspired by the composer's trip to a villa in Faugs from where he could glimpse the highest peak of the nearby Alps. For 10 points, identify this work for piano and orchestra, the masterpiece of Vincent D'Indy.

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Originally used interchangeably with the term "canzona," this musical form gradually adopted its most well known structure through the Biblical ones of Kuhnau and seventy written by C.P.E. Bach. Examples of them include MacDowell's Eroica and Tragica and Liszt's Apres une lecture de Dante and one in B minor. Other examples include Les Adieux and Hammerklavier, which are found among Beethoven's celebrated set of 32. Including an exposition, development, and recapitulation of a theme, FTP, what is this form of instrumental music, examples of which include Beethoven's Waldstein, Appassionata, and Pathetique?

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Philip Pickett has suggested an interpretation of this collection involving allegorical tableaux, the fifth section of which can be interpreted as Hercules's choice between Vice and Virtue. One section of this collection may have intended for a bird flageolet or for two recorders tied together to be played when this work calls for a “fiauto d'echo,†or echo flute. One solo in another part was likely written for an instrument built by Michael Mietke, and that harpsichord virtuosic solo appears in the fifth section of this work. Its last section lacks violins, while the first section was expanded to be the only section with four movements in this work. For 10 points, name this set of six concerti composed for a German margrave by Johann Sebastian Bach.

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Piccolo, trumpets, trombones, and timpani appear only in this work's fourth movement, the only movement in a minor key. The trio of this work's third movement is in 2/4, and its metronome marking indicates the same tempo as the first movement. Its second movement is marked andante molto mosso, is in 12/8, has passages for solo flute, oboe, and clarinet imitating different birdcalls in its coda, and is subtitled "Scene by the Brook." The final three movements of this symphony depict a peasant's dance, a thunderstorm, and a shepherd's song of thanksgiving. For 10 points, name this symphony in F Major by Beethoven depicting life in the country.

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Posthumous releases from this composer include the collection of songs "Orpheus Britannicus" and the opera The Indian Queen. He wrote a number of odes for Saint Cecelia's day, and incidental music for A Midsummer Night's Dream, but his most famous composition was written for a girls' school in 1689. FTP, name this English composer who, with librettist Nahum Tate, wrote the opera Dido and Aeneas.

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Ralph (rafe) Vaughan (von) Williams wrote one for the harmonica, and one for the tuba, as well as more standard ones using a piano, viola, or one or two violins. In more popular repertoire, Haydn wrote two for the cello, Beethoven wrote five for the piano, and Vivaldi wrote over three hundred for the violin. For ten points, what musical genre did Bela Bartok revolutionize in 1943 when he wrote the first one for an orchestra without a featured soloist?

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Roger Norrington founded an amateur choir with this composer as its namesake. His works include The History of the Birth of Jesus Christ, which is notable since it sets the Nativity story in his homeland and features the words of the Evangelist being sung in recitative, rather than chant. His use of resplendent polychoral and concertato styles is similar to that of his teacher, Giovanni Gabrieli, with whom he studied while in Italy, and Einstein declared him "the most spiritual musician the world has ever seen." Sacred music by this composer includes Seven Last Words on the Cross, Psalms of David, and Symphoniae sacrae, and his best-known piece was written for the wedding of the Elector of Dresden's daughter to the Landgrave of Hessen-Darmstadt, a work that used the same libretto Jacopo Peri had used 30 years earlier. FTP, name this composer of the first German opera, Dafne.

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Schnittke used minor ninth and major seventh intervals extensively in his concerto for this instrument, which he wrote for Yuri Bashmet. Walton's concerto for this instrument includes many minor sixths, and ends in an ambiguous A major/minor chord. The first known concerto for this instrument is in G major and is by Telemann. Tibor Serly edited and completed Bartók's concerto for it after he died, after which it was premiered by William Primrose. Der Schwanendreher is a concerto for this instrument by Hindemith, himself a virtuoso of it, while Paganini refused to play the solo part in Berlioz's Harold en Italie on this instrument. For 10 points, name this string instrument, music for which is written in alto clef and whose size is slightly larger than that of a violin.

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The score for this piece asks the pianist to make mistakes in certain passages. Modern performances use the glockenspiel rather than the glass harmonica, and this piece references Berlioz's Valse des Sylphes, Can-Can from Offenbach's Orpheus in the Underworld, the aria from Rossini's Barber of Serville, "Ah vous dirais-je maman", and even the same composer's Danse Macabre. With introduction verses by Ogden Nash, FTP, name this famous piece by Saint-Saëns that features creatures as diverse as lions, elephants, kangaroos, and of course, the swan.

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Sets of variations by this composer include one on a theme from Ferdinand Hérold's opera Ludovic, as well as one for piano and orchestra on "La ci darem la mano" from Mozart's Don Giovanni. His more famous solo piano compositions include the Allegro de Concert, the Andante Spianato, and a Berceuse in D-flat major. Another group of piano compositions by him includes a G-sharp minor piece in which the right hand plays almost entirely in parallel thirds, as well as pieces commonly titled "Aeolian Harp," "Tristesse," "Winter Wind," and "Revolutionary." FTP, identify this composer of etudes, polonaises, waltzes, and nocturnes; a Pole.

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Shostakovich's first work of this type has a third movement Passacaglia and opens with a moderato Nocturne. Tchaikovsky's sole work in this genre is sometimes performed with cuts advocated by its dedicatee, Leopold Auer. Beethoven's sole work in this genre begins with four lone timpani strokes and has the soloist enter playing in broken octaves. In spite of its title, Lalo's Symphonie Espagnole is often considered one of these works. Brahms wrote one for Joseph Joachim and Mozart wrote ones nicknamed "Strassburg" and "Turkish." For 10 points, name this type of composition in which an orchestra might accompany Itzhak Perlman or Jascha Heifetz.

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Some of its original material was destroyed by a fire in the process of rewriting, and its reworking contained an aria scripted for Captain Dapertutto from Le voyage dans la lune, "Scintille diamant" Its prologue and epilogue take place in a Nuremberg tavern. A poet is persuaded to sing the "Legend of Kleinzach," and he continues with the chronicle of his tragic affairs with the mechanical doll Olympia, a woman whose fatal chest complaint prevents her from singing, and a courtesan, Giulietta. Drawing its material from the stories of its namesake author, FTP, name this opera seria by Jacques Offenbach.

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Some of this composer's notable works include a Petite Symphony for nine instruments, and his Messe solennelle de Ste. Cécile. After winning the Prix de Rome in 1837, he produced his first opera, Sapho, in 1851, followed by The Bloody Nun. After his most famous opera premiered in 1859, he followed with Philemon and Baucis and an 1867 version of Romeo and Juliet. FTP, identify this composer of Funeral March of a Marionette and Faust.

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Sometimes replaced by a violin in Glinka's Trio Pathetique, it was invented in the 1710's by Johann Christoph Denner and only became a staple of orchestras in the 1780's. Weber and Copland wrote concertos for it but the most famous is Mozart's in A major, which was his last major instrumental work. He and Brahms also wrote famous quintets for strings and this wind instrument, whose virtuosi include Gervase de Payer, David Shifrin and Sabine Meyer. FTP, Elaine's Bar on New York's Upper East Side is where you go to hear Woody Allen play what wind instrument tuned in B-flat and played with a single reed, whose famous jazz artists have included Woody Herman, Artie Shaw and Benny Goodman.

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Soon into his musical career, he turned to Zen Buddhism and the I Ching for guidance, which led to his advocacy of indeterminism. Associated with the choreographer Merce Cunningham, he wrote the books M, Notations, A Year from Monday and Silence. His major musical compilations include Roratorio, Bacchanale for prepared piano, and Imaginary Landscape No. 4 for 12 radios. A student of Arnold Schoenberg, FTP, name this avant-garde composer who is most famous for 4'33".

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The 1st, 3rd, 5th, 8th, and 11th sections of this work are "promenades" which link its other sections. "Cum mortuis in lingua mortua" is the second part of its "Catacombs" section, which, along with sections entitled "Ballet of the Unhatched Chicks", "The Gnome", "The Market Place at Limoges", and "The Bohatyr Gate of Kiev", serve as musical "reproductions" of ten pieces of art by Victor Hartmann. FTP, name this composition by Modest Mussorgsky.

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The 3rd Book of the Lady's Banquet contains the first publication of any part of this work, whose latter portion may have been used for the ballet of the knights in its composer's opera Amadigi. Usually grouped into a suite in F featuring horns, followed by suites showcasing trumpets and flutes respectively, it opens with a French overture featuring two solo violins. Its nineteen sections include a Riguadon, two Bourées, and three Hornpipes, or sailor's dances. It drew two encores at its outdoor premiere, for which the Prince of Wales was absent. For 10 points, name this set of instrumental works by George Friedrich Handel, first performed in 1717 for King George on a barge sailing up the Thames River.

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The Argentine composer Astor Piazzolla wrote a few tango compositions about some of these in Buenos Aires. John Cage composed his first piece in his gamut technique about these. Alexander Glazunov also wrote an allegorical ballet in one act and four scenes about them, which includes a bacchanal of the titular themes in the fourth landscape. More famous examples of musical pieces with this theme are found in a Joseph Haydn oratorio composed after The Creation that includes a hunting song and a loud thunderstorm, a series of Pyotr Tchaikovsky works with the same title that includes the pieces Barcarolle and Troika, and The Contest between Harmony and Invention. For 10 points, give the titular theme shared by these pieces, the most famous being four violin concertos by Antonio Vivaldi.

name this man who was inspired by Bosch's The Adoration of the Magi to compose Amahl and the Night Visitors.

The Elizabeth Sprague Coolidge Foundation commissioned his "fable madrigal" The Unicorn, the Gorgon, and the Manticore. He used the Children's Crusade as the basis for his cantata The Death of the Bishop of Brindisi. The Island God was poorly received compared to previous work like The Old Maid and the Thief, which followed on the heels of Amelia Goes to the Ball. Magda commits suicide with a gas stove in The Consul and The Telephone is a one-act comedy. For 10 points

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The action in this work is foreshadowed by the songs of Bayan. One character sings the cavatina "O splendid star of love" after being abandoned by her true love, who is distracted by Persian slave girls while searching for one title character. Farlaf sings the rondo "My hour of triumph is near" after being promised aid from former beauty and current hag Naina, who had been spurned by the magician Finn. A sleep-dispelling ring, a sword obtained from a giant head, and the knowledge that a sorcerer's strength is in his beard help the hero rescue his true love and Kievan princess from the dwarf Chernomor. FTP name this opera composed after A Life for the Tsar and based on a Pushkin poem, composed by Mikhail Glinka.

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The chorus of this opera expresses the general merriment at a party scene by singing the art song "Ho Ho Ho!" while the third act of this opera contains dances from both Witches and Sailors. The first aria sung in this opera is "Shake the cloud from off your brow," while a later one speculates on an impending marriage, the chorus' "When monarchs unite." One of the title characters sings "Peace and I are strangers now" to her friend Belinda, before a sorceress sends an elf to impersonate Mercury and have the other title character leave. The chorus instructs "cupids to scatter roses on her tomb" after one of the title characters sings the final aria "When I am Laid In Earth." For ten points, identify this opera about the title Carthaginian princess and her lover, a work by Henry Purcell.

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The composer of these works created some new material for a piano four-hands version of the second released before the last four, which were added from 1882 to 1885. The first with a subtitle is called "Héroïde-élégiaque" while the one in E-flat major, the ninth, is known as "The Carnival of Pest." The entire collection of nineteen has Rabbe number 106 and Berlioz set a scene in their namesake location to incorporate the fifteenth, in A minor, in The Damnation of Faust. FTP, name this set of solo piano pieces, Searle 244; the best-known works of Franz Liszt, named for his country of origin.

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The composer of this piece had projected an additional slow movement, a larghetto in D major, of which only sixteen measures survive. The second movement features a dialogue between the first violins and the low strings to the accompaniment of sixteenth notes in the middle instruments. In the first movement, the string quartet plays an arpeggiation of the tonic triad which is answered by the arpeggiation of the dominant seventh chord. The composer halted his work on Don Giovanni to write this piece, K. 525. FTP, identify this serenade by Mozart that shares its name with a Stephen Sondheim musical.

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The composer of this symphony initially marked its finale "Allegro Guerriero," or "fast and warlike," before changing it to "Allegro Vivacissimo." The pizzicato chord transitions that end both the first and second movements reflect the composer's desire that all four movements be played continuously without pause. Pizzicato also fills the background in the opening of its slow third movement, an A major Adagio. Dedicated to Queen Victoria, this piece has its memorable second movement scherzo, "Vivace non Troppo," introduced by a bouncy clarinet melody that uses a "snap" rhythm associated with the titular culture. Spawned from the same journey that led to the overture, "Fingal's Cave," this is, FTP, what symphony that was inspired by Felix Mendelssohn's visit to some ruins in Edinburgh?

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The composer of this work created it after abandoning a work about Cinderella, and later commented that he should not have composed it as it paled in comparison to Debussy's Sylvia. The title locale is formed from the tears of the central female character's parents after she is kidnapped by an evil sorcerer, whose enchantment can only be broken by a pledge of fidelity from a prince. That sorcerer tricks the prince into pledging his fidelity to Odile, who is Rothbart's daughter. In most versions, Odette then dies or is condemned to remain away from Siegfried in the form of the titular creature. FTP, name this first ballet by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky.

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The composer of this work used parts of it in the funeral cantata Lament, Children, Lament the World, which he wrote after the death of Prince Leopold of Anhalt-Köthen. The texts used in it were written by Christian Friedrich Henrici, who went under the pen name Picander. It opens and closes with choral movements, and features 15 chorales along with 28 recitatives and arias. It is based on chapters 26 and 27 of a certain text, a section which describes the suffering and death of Christ. A trimmed-down version of it was famously performed on March 11, 1829 and helped spark a revival of interest in its composer, though it was first performed in 1727. FTP, name this musical work whose BWV number is 244, a composition by Johann Sebastian Bach which follows the text of a noted evangelist.

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The composer's original score called for a five minute pause before the performance of the landler in A Flat major that constitutes its andante moderato second movement. Its third movement consists of a scherzo with a tempo direction that asks for "quietly flowing motion," and returns this symphony to its key of three flats. In the fourth movement, an alto singer is introduced to imitate the singing of a child for the spiritual song, "Urlicht," which along with "St. Anthony of Padua's Sermon to the Fishes" comprises the selection of Wunderhorn songs adapted for this symphony, whose completion was inspired by the funeral of Hans von Bulow. FTP, name this Friedrich Klopstock-influenced symphony of Gustav Mahler, nicknamed for its theme of revival after death.

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The composition begins with enchanting low flute notes, transforming the audience into an idyllic setting. Woodwind solos and harp glissandos maintain the theme, about the title figure who makes a pass at one of two nymphs; she escapes, leaving him to play with her scarf. Choreographed and danced by Nijinsky eighteen years after it was first composed, FTP, what Stéphane Mallarmé work was transformed into an Impressionist tone poem in 1894 by Claude Debussy [deh-byoo-SEE]?

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The composition that gives this group its name is a D major work which ends with a finale marked "Spirituoso." Another is a work in B flat major which ends with a presto rondo and has a name referring to a story about a chandelier which fell during a performance. One of them is notable for its unusual percussion instruments, including a Turkish crescent, while another is a D major work notable for the distinctive rhythm of its Andante second movement. Another features an unusual chord at the beginning of its Andante second movement before returning to the quiet of the first movement. Including works known as the "Miracle," "Military," and "Surprise," FTP, name this group of twelve orchestral compositions written in the 1790s by Joseph Hayden in a European capital city.

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The concluding section of this work, in lively double meter, evokes the Provencal compositions popular at the Court of Louis XIV, and was identified as a "Rigaudon" by its composer. It opens with a restless "Praeludium" that features a skipping motif before it eases into an elegant dance. The fourth section, which contrasts sharply with the previous "Gavotte," is marked "Andante Religioso," and presents an emotional "Air" based on folksongs associated with its titular subject's hometown, the city of Bergen. Its composer's Opus 40, it was later adapted for string orchestra and it was written in the form of dances contemporary with the namesake author's era. For 10 points, identify this work for piano which was dedicated to and named for the "father of Danish Literature," a work by Edvard Grieg.

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The early ones were inspired by a similar set of works by Joseph Schuster, and the first six were dedicated to the Electress of Mannheim. The one in E flat is dedicated to the composer's pupil Josepha Auernhammer, while the next one was written for the virtuoso Regina Strinasacchi. The last one is a work in F written "for beginners" at the same time the composer wrote a more famous piano work in C, also for beginners. One of the best known is the one in E flat written in 1785 and first performed at the composer's Masonic lodge. FTP, name this group of 16 pieces, which have been championed in the 20th century by Itzhak Perlman and which were composed by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart.

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The fifth of them is a D major work whose second Affetuoso movement centers on the flute, violin, and harpsichord soloists. The third of them has a pair of chords known as a Phrygian cadence rather than a slow movement, while the fourth of them calls for two "echo flutes," which may be a reference to the sopranino recorder. The last is a B flat major work which oddly has no parts for violin, while the first is an F major work which features an extra fourth movement. They are written in the Italian style, alternating fast, slow, and fast movements, and were composed around the year 1720. FTP, name this group of six concertos written by Johann Sebastian Bach for a German margrave.

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The fifth of these pieces, a funeral march, is the only one to retain the same tempo marking throughout. The eleventh of these pieces uses delicate tremolos and sixty-fourth-note configurations to mimic the sound of a cimbalom. These pieces are structured in the verbunkos style, and open with a lassan, or slow beginning, followed by a friska, or fast conclusion. Including pieces titled "Heroide-elegiaque," "The Carnival at Pest," and "Rakoczy March," the most renowned one may be the second, notable for its extreme technical difficulty. For 10 points, name this series of nineteen piano pieces based on folk themes of the Magyars, composed by Franz Liszt.

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The figure of a dotted eighth note followed by three thirty-second notes depicts the "Prophet Bird" in this composer's Waldszenen. "An Important Event" and "Knight of the Hobbyhorse" are piano pieces from a set by him which also contains "Träumerei." Movements in another set of his piano pieces take their names from characters he used for articles in the New Journal for Music, "Florestan" and "Eusebius." He depicted the title E.T.A. Hoffmann character in Kreisleriana and his Op. 54, Piano Concerto in A minor was premiered by his wife Clara. For 10 points, name this German composer of Scenes from Childhood, Carnaval, and the Rhenish symphony.

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The final movement of the fourth of them opens with a descending scale before the folk-song "The Birch Tree" is quoted, while the piece ends in the key of F major. The popular fifth begins with a theme introduced by the clarinets, while the third movement is a waltz, unusual for this kind of composition. The last of them is a B minor work which premiered less than a month before the composer's death. The first three have nicknames, such as "Winter Daydreams" and "Polish." FTP, name this group of six orchestral works by a Russian composer, the last of which is known as the "Pathétique."

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The final movement of this man's fourth symphony features two timpanis at opposing ends of the orchestra playing against each other. The final movement of the last of his symphonies ends with a famous bassoon note, while that work's second movement is a "humoresque" scored for only nine instruments, including a piccolo and a pair of clarinets. The first of his symphonies begins with an "Allegro orgoglioso" movement in G minor before progressing to C major. He wrote a notable wind quintet as well as such works as the music drama Aladdin and operas like Saul and David and Masquerade, though he is best known for a set of compositions which includes the "expansive," the "four temperaments," and the "inextinguishable." FTP, name this Danish composer of six symphonies.

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The final portion of this work's middle section, which suggests the influence of Debussy's Homage to Rameau, ends with an instruction that it be played "without expression." That section is paced by the soft repetition of irregularly grouped B flats that is meant to evoke the tolling of a bell as the sun sets over the carcass of a lynched man. This composition opens with a movement that features a shimmering C sharp major figuration contrasted with a soft melody symbolizing the appearance of a deadly water nymph. Its final section, a scherzo, that features hand crossings and repeated-note figures broken out into octaves, portrays a mean-spirited dwarf, and was composed to be more demanding than Balakirev's Islamey. Divided into three sections, "Le Gibet," "Ondine," and "Scarbo," for 10 points, identify this 1908 work inspired by Aloysius Bertrand's poems, a work for piano by Maurice Ravel.

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The finale is a sophisticated rondo whose fearsomely difficult "violin writing must have needed lots of rehearsing to point up the music's muscle and wit." This work begins with a very slow introduction that moves eerily through distant keys. The ensuing allegro is in a cheerful and rocking rhythm. The work derived its nickname from the loud explosion in the middle of the slow movement's theme, written specifically by the composer to wake up the audiences who tended to nod off during slow movements. FTP, name this musical work, no. 94 in G major, by Franz Haydn.

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The finale to one opera by this man derives tunes from music to Gehe's Heinrich IV. In that opera two slaves recount their childhood in the duet "On the Banks of the Sweet Garonne" and mermaids frolic in the finale, "Oh, 'tis pleasant." He also included such objects as an enchanted golden cup containing infinite wine and a magical horn in that opera, whose title character saves the day by having Ruon and Reiza returned to the court of Charlemagne. In another opera by him the title character has two solos in the first act, including "Through the forests and meadows." That title character loves the cousin of Anchen and by opera's end is forgiven by Prince Ottokar. His notable parts in that opera include the music of the Wolf's Glen scene and the "Hunter's Chorus." For 10 points, name this composer of an opera about the king of fairies, Oberon, and an opera about the marksman Max, Der Freischutz.

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The first act features a canon sung by four characters, "How wondrous the emotion," after which the tone becomes more earthy with the aria which opines that life is nothing without money. The second act features the duet "Joy inexpressible," after which a minister of state recognizes a man whom he thought was dead. It is based on a play by Jean Bouilly, and earlier musical versions of it had been written by Pierre Gaveaux and Donizetti's teacher, Simone Mayr. It opens with a duet between Jacquino and Marcellina, and also features Rocco, Don Fernando, and Pizarro, who is the governor of the prison where it takes place. FTP, name this work which premiered in 1806, an opera about a Spanish noble named Florestan and his wife Leonora which was written by Ludwig van Beethoven.

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The first act of this opera contains the arias “Quale insolita gioia nel tuo sguardo,†and “Vieni, o diletta, appressati!†both of which are sung to the male lead, who goes to the temple of Vulcan to take up sacred arms. In one scene of this opera, a character sings “Ahime! Morir me sento!†as one character is sent to be buried alive, and two more famous arias from this opera sung by its leads are “Ritorna Vincitor†and one praising the title character as heavenly. This opera features Amonasro and the jealous Amneris, who pines for the love interest of the title Ethiopian princess. Radames loves, for 10 points, the protagonist of what Verdi opera?

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The first movement begins with an airy Adagio, in which woodwind writing is overtaken by a chromatic, tonally ambiguous figure on the strings. This is followed by an exuberant Vivace assai in 6/8 time, which contrasts with the broad, threatening Landler in the Minuet near the end. The Andante is typical of the composer in that he uses fifteen bars of a string theme that he would copy in his oratorio The Seasons. However, the best known part is the double-forte thwack with timpani near the middle. FTP, give the nickname of this 94th symphony of Franz Joseph Haydn, named for the sudden interruption of quiet during the second movement.

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The first movement of Britten's Piano Concerto is one of these, and another follows a "Pastorale" and a "Hymne" in Poulenc's Three Pieces for Piano. Another movement in this genre, which begins with sixteen rapidly-repeated E's, is the last movement in the original piano version of Ravel's Le Tombeau de Couperin. Another of these for solo piano begins with repeated D's and is Prokofiev's opus 11. The most famous of these features the unfolding of a C-sharp diminished-seventh chord over a pedal D and opens with a lower mordent on A. FTP, identify this type of composition whose most famous example is the one "and Fugue" in D minor by Johann Sebastian Bach.

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The first movement of this symphony segues into a calm theme in G minor, a contrast to its bombastic opening theme in the main key. The next two movements are a rustic dance marked as a scherzo and a two-themed piece whose tempo direction simply is "not slow." Its fourth movement, described as "Feierlich," or "solemn," was inspired by a visit to the cathedral at Cologne. Ending with a lively, folk-themed fifth movement and written in E flat major, FTP, what is this Robert Schumann symphony named for a German river?

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The first of them calls for three oboes, a bassoon, continuo strings, and the violino piccolo, though most noticeable is the use of hunting horns. The last of them was the first composed, but the third might be the most famous as the composer played the viola part, while the viola da gamba was played by the composer's patron, Prince Leopold. Written at the height of their creator's time as Kappelmeister at Cothen in 1721, this set of works was drawn from the innovations of Vivaldi. FTP, identify this set of six concertos by J.S. Bach named for a region of Germany.

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The first of them is an F minor work which ends with a Prestissimo movement characterized by incessant triplets. The easiest are often considered to be opus 49 numbers 1 and 2, the latter of which contains a theme also used in the composer's Septet. The 18th has a scherzo instead of a slow movement, and is sometimes known as the "Hunt." The 26th begins with a movement entitled "Lebewohl," though the work is often known as "Les Adieux" as it was written to commemorate the departure of Archduke Rudolph, the composer's patron. The most famous may be the 14th, a work in C sharp minor which is known for its flowing triplets in the first movement and is subtitled "quasi una fantasia". FTP name this group of compositions which includes the "Hammerklavier," "Appassionata," and "Moonlight."

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The first of them is in three movements with an introductory first movement with a two-section melody. The final was for string orchestra and the only one to not have double titles. The sixth was for flute and bassoon, while the first and fifth were both for eight cellos. That fifth, the most popular of them, included a spirited Danza with a melody meant to suggest birds of the title country. The ninth and final one was composed in 1945, the year of Getulio Vargas' overthrow. FTP, name this series of nine nationalistic compositions inspired by the music of J. S. Bach and composed by Heitor Villa-Lobos.

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The first of this composer's four piano trios notably opens in B major and ends in B minor. The A-E-F motif dominates the Double Concerto in A minor of this composer, who created a work whose movements begin “for all flesh is grass†and “blessed are they that mourn,†a seven-movement piece with text from the Luther Bible. This man sought to balance his Tragic Overture with a joking work with the “Fuschlied†and “Gaudeamus igitur†songs, which celebrate student life at the University of Breslau. For 10 points, name this German composer of the German Requiem and Academic Festival Overture.Â

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The first one of these works features a bassoon chord meant to imitate a fart. Another one quotes from the Croatian folk song “a little girl treads on a brook†in the final movement and gets its name from the opening timpani rhythm. One of these works got its nickname from an incident at the premiere when a chandelier fell from the ceiling but did not hurt any audience members. In addition to pieces titled “Drumroll†and “Miracle†a “ticking†rhythm appear in one of these works subtitled “Clock†and the best-known one features a sudden fortissimo G chord in the soft second movement. For 10 points, name this group of Haydn compositions including one titled “Surprise†that are named for an English city.

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The first three parts of this composer's Songs for Achilles were taken from an opera in which the titular Trojan is killed by Neoptolemus, while another of his operas sees Jo Ann fall in love with Merlin, who arrives in Act I on a spaceship. This composer created the song cycle The Heart's Assurance for the tenor Peter Pears and may have used The Magic Flute as a basis for his first opera The Midsummer Marriage. His oratorios include The Mask of Time and one featuring African-American spirituals such as "Go Down Moses" and "Deep River." That work's libretto was originally planned to be written in part by T.S. Eliot, but instead was written completely by the composer, who used Herschel Grynszpan's sparking of the Kristallnacht to express his objection to the Nazis. For 10 points, name this British composer of A Child of Our Time.

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This composer held a series of odd jobs in the theater and gave private lessons to support himself, nearly starving until he won the Prix de Rome in 1830. He was later hired to teach music at the Paris Conservatory, ironic because he himself had been denied admission to the Conservatory because of his late start as a musician. For 10 points-name this French composer of Les Troyens, Roman Carnival, Beatrice and Benedict, and Harold in Italy.

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The fourth movement is in G sharp minor and features an alto saxophone melody over a drone ostinato in 6/8 time, which represents a minstrel playing a mandolin. A later movement uses a tenor tuba solo to depict some animals pulling a wagon. In addition to "The Old Castle" and "Cattle," this composition includes "The Catacombs" and "Ballet of the Unhatched Chicks," which is preceded by a Promenade. A stately procession through a never built Ukrainian structure was the inspiration for the last movement, entitled "The Great Gate of Kiev." FTP, name this suite famously orchestrated by Maurice Ravel, based on some art works of Viktor Hartmann and composed by Modest Mussorgsky.

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The fourth movement, an allegro spirituoso, starts with a Croatian folk dance and a drone similar to that used in Aaron Copeland's "Hoedown." Its composer worked for the Esterhazy family before moving to England. For 10 points, name this work in D major, the final symphony of Franz Josef Haydn.

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The fourth section includes a lusty tavern song that was originally intended for voice but is usually played by a wind instrument and is set against a backdrop of sleighbells. The second section, which features a dark melancholy theme, is typically played by a double bass or the saxophone. Beginning with an offstage fanfare for cornet, its fifth and final part, "The Internment," ends with a muted trumpet, but is preceded by melodies from the other movements recalling the titular figure's career. Due to translation issues, it was originally released in the United States as the score to a film by Alexander Feinzimmer called The Czar Wants to Dance. For 10 points, identify this satirical work about a non-existent soldier, a suite by Sergei Prokofiev.

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The idea for work's fifth movement came from it's composer's unpublished Fêtes des belles eaux. Its third movement requires notes to be sustained from ppp to fff to create the effect of an abyss. In this piece's first movement, the cello repeats a fifteen-note melody of five pitches while the violin and clarinet respectively imitate a nightingale and blackbird. Performers of this piece imitate gongs and trumpets in its sixth movement, a "Dance of Fury." Ending with a movement titled "Praise to the immortality of Jesus," it represents an apocalyptic angel who comes to announce the title event. First premiered at Stalag 8A near the POW camp of Görlitz, for 10 points, name this quartet by Olivier Messiaen.

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The last movement of the third one was originally marked "Allegro gurriero" before being changed to "Allegro Vivacissimo." The last movement of the fourth one incorporates a tarantella and a noted Saltarello Presto, while another one was composed following a visit to Holyrood. The second containing three orchestral movements followed by nine for soloists is titled "Lobesgang." The strings play the "Dresden Amen" in one written to celebrate the anniversary of Luther's Augsburg Confession, while another one was written during a trip that also inspired the Hebrides Overture. For 10 points, name these compositions which include the Reformation, Scottish, and Italian.

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The last of their schools survived until 1875 in the town of Memmingen. Their strict code of conduct was known as the Tabulatur, and they performed works configured in a structural pattern known as the bar form. Though founded by an aristocrat called Frauenlob, their ranks were primarily composed of tradesmen and the middle-class. Their high point emerged after Hans Folz called for an expansion of subject matter which led to more secular hymns sung by such men as Sixtus Beckmesser and Hans Sachs. FTP identify this 11th to 16th century group of German musicians immortalized by Wagner in an opera that places them in Nurnberg.

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The last part of his fifth symphony was used in Visconti's film Death in Venice, while his third symphony draws the words for its fourth movement, "What Man Tells Me," from Nietzsche's Also Sprach Zarathustra. His second symphony, whose fourth movement contains lyrics from the song "Primal Light" from Des Knaben Wunderhorn (Des NOB-in VUND-er-horn), is known as the "Resurrection." FTP, name this Bohemian best known for his symphony #8, or "Symphony of a Thousand."

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The lesser-known musical piece of this name in the standard repertoire is an orchestral suite written in 1906 by Sibelius. The more popular work's libretto was written by Osbert Sitwell, who's sister, Elizabeth, had collaborated with its composer on Facade. The composition borrows various big band jazz rhythms and has the first sforzando-piano-crescendo articulation by a choir in its vocal depiction of Babylon. Utilizing verses from Revelation, the Psalms and Daniel, FTP, name this Biblically-themed oratorio for double mixed choir, baritone voice and orchestra, composed by William Walton.

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The middle section may feature stretto, augmentation, or inversion in a series of episodes. The ricercare and canzone are derived from this form whose notable examples include twelve alternating with interludes in Hindemith's Ludus Tonalis, the final section of Brahms Variations on a Theme by Handel, and the 95 for the organ written by Pachelbel. FTP, identify this musical form that begins with a subject followed by an answer in a different voice, a form mastered by JS Bach in his Musical Offering and Well-Tempered Clavier.

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The middle section of this work draws briefly from the composer's once-thought-to-be-destroyed Messe solennelle, and uses an oboe and an English horn to represent a franz des vaches. One section of this work was adapted from a march in the composer's earlier Les Francs Juges, and concludes with funeral bells tolling a parody of the Dies Irae. In its fourth movement, plucked strings represent a severed head skipping to the ground after the falling of a guillotine. At its premiere, its composer handed out a program describing this work's recurring idée fixe. Containing sections like "Reveries-Passions," "A Ball," and "Dream of a Witches' Sabbath," for 10 points, name this symphony by Hector Berlioz.

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The most famous set of examples of this type of musical composition was the subject of a famous series of performances by Leopold Godowsky. They began to develop with the collections published by Muzio Clementi, while those by Karl Czerny and Rudolphe Kreutzer are frequently used by aspiring pianists and violinists. Unique examples are the one's dubbed "tableauxs" by Rackmaninoff and the "Transcendental" ones by Liszt, but by far the most famous are a set of 27 by Chopin that includes examples nicknamed "Black-key" and "Revolutionary". Named for the French for * "study", FTP, what are these compositions designed to explore technical problems?

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The one by John Adams contains movements entitled "Manny's Gym" and "Hail Bop," and is known as Century Rolls. The second by Johannes Brahms, in B-flat major, contains a cello solo at the beginning of the third movement. One by Maurice Ravel opens with a whip crack and is "in G." "Jeunehomme" is a nickname commonly given to the ninth by Mozart, who wrote a total of 27, including the "Coronation" and the "Elvira Madigan." The fifth and last by Beethoven is an E-flat major piece usually known as the "Emperor." FTP, identify this genre of musical piece, which features an orchestra and a soloist on a certain keyboard instrument.

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The only direct quotation in Hodie, a Christmas cantata by Vaughan Williams, is of this work's third movement, at the words "Et incarnatus est." In the fourth movement, the solo quartet is joined by a solo violin representing the Host. A bass solo in very low register at the start of the finale is said to represent the composer himself, while the second half of the finale is labeled "a prayer for inner and outer peace." FTP, identify this 1823 choral work, the final sacred work of Ludwig van Beethoven.

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The operas The Unexpected Encounter and The False Slave are among the comic operas of this composer, who once performed a concerto using twenty-six drinking glasses at a benefit for himself. Like Lully, he used Quinault's libretto for his own opera Armide, while Calzabigi wrote the libretto for his Paris and Helen. This composer of the ballet Semiramis wrote a work in which Cynire is asked by the title nymph to search for her lover in Echo and Narcissus, but he might be better known for writing about a priestess who is magically transported away from being sacrificed by her father in Iphigenie en Aulide and Iphigenie en Tauride. FTP, name this German opera reformer and composer of Alceste and Orfeo et Eurydice.

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The prelude of his fourth symphony closes with the chorus singing the hymn "Watchman," while his unfinished, most abstract symphony is known as his Universe Symphony. In one of his "Two Contemplations," Central Park in the Dark is paired with a work in which the dissonant dialogue between trumpet and woodwinds represents the search for a transcendental answer. This composer of Variations on "America" also wrote his second piano sonata to commemorate such people as Hawthorne, the Alcotts, and Emerson, while "Putnam's Camp" and "The Housatonic at Stockbridge" are among the title locales of his most famous orchestral work. The composer of The Unanswered Question, for ten points, name this American composer of Concord Sonata and Three Places in New England.

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The premiere of his Opus 4, an orchestral setting of texts by the insane poet Peter Altenberg, featured a riot and came to be known as the "Scandal Concert." He quoted a Carinthian folksong and Bach's chorale "Es ist genus" in the Violin Concerto he wrote following the death from polio of Walter Gropius's daughter Manon, and he himself received a fatal sting from an insect just after finishing the piece. His Chamber Concerto was the first of his works to have a secret program, being based on ciphers of three names, while his adulterous affair with the sister of Franz Werfel is the secret program of his Lyric Suite. He also wrote two operas, one based on a play by Wedekind and the other on a play by Buchner. FTP, name this composer of Lulu and Wozzeck.

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The production of a will in the first act of this work favors Albert Gregor over the cousin of a deceased baron, and is preceded by the aria "Ach te, ach boze!" sung by a clerk. At the start of its second act, a cleaning woman sings, "Videly ty kytice?" [vee-deh-lee tee kee-tee-che] before the title character's arrival, and after meeting Hauk-Sendorf, the title character calls him "Maxi" and tells him in Spanish that Eugenia is not dead. In the third act, after learning of Janek's suicide, the title character sings "Buenas Dias, Maxi!" but the handwriting analysis of the lawyer Kolenaty leads to the discovery that Elena Marty is the same person as Ellian MacGregor. The title character sings "Pater hemon," and dies after rejecting a magic immortality potion first used on her by her father Hieronymus 300 years ago in, FTP, what 1928 opera based on a Karel Capek play and composed by Leos Janacek?

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The protagonist of this opera exuberantly downs champagne while dressing for a wedding feast he has planned for his peasants, and he later barely escapes the drawn sword of Ottavio, who is responding to a girl's cries for help. The title character thwarts a posse bent on lynching him using a disguise that allows him to issue bogus directions and assault Masetto, who is nursed by Zerlina. After he contemptuously waves Elvira out of his chamber, he and Leporello witness the arrival of a statue of the murdered Commendatore, who drags the title figure to hell. FTP, what is this opera by Mozart about the legend of Don Juan?

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The recommended recording of it is Leondard Bernstein's 1987 one with the Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra, which comes paired with the composer's Fifth Symphony. Woodwinds and brass are given equal presence to that of the strings, in this work that begins with an introductory passage in the cellos and basses. The true main theme comes from the clarinet and oboe in B minor. Not long after its composer finished his Ninth Symphony, he wrote its first two movements were written in 1822. FTP, name this Eighth Symphony of Franz Schubert, left incomplete at his death.

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The refrain "Funny they don't see us!" is repeated throughout this work, in which the protagonists begin by heading towards Mosquito Inlet. Based on the author's own experiences on a gun-running trip to Cuba, it begins with the line, "None of them knew the color of the sky," and ends with a man who "shone like a saint" saving the lives of everyone except Billie the oiler. Subtitled, "A tale intended to be after the fact, being the experience of four men sunk from the steamer Commodore," this is, FTP, what 1894 story by Stephen Crane?

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The rise of nationalism in this country can be seen in operas like The Dog Heads and The Devil and Kate. The string quartet Intimate Letters was written for a quartet named for this country, which included the composer Josef Suk. The Israeli national anthem shares its melody with a symphonic poem about a river that runs through the capital of this country. A well-known opera set in this country features Kostelnicka drowning the titular girl's baby in a river, while the "dance of the comedians" appears in an opera from this country about Jenik's desire to marry the otherwise engaged Marenka, The Bartered Bride. FTP name this Central European nation, the home of Leon Janacek and Bedrich Smetana.

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The second movement ends with an emphatic organ part, while a "wordless" female chorus and a wind machine also make appearances. Excerpts from Coleridge's "Hymn Before Sunrise in the Vale of Chamouni," Psalm 104, and Shelley's Prometheus Unbound are spoken before each movement of this work, to which Peter Maxwell Davies wrote a sequel in 2001. The homesickness of the person who inspired much of this work is represented by a quote from The Lark Ascending, and the line "I do not regret the journey" from that person's recovered diary concludes the piece. FTP, the score to a film about Robert Scott was reworked into what 7th symphony of Ralph Vaughan Williams?

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The second movement of his Fourth Symphony features a solo violin whose strings are tuned A-E-B-F, and the last movement features a solo soprano singing about the heavenly life. The second and fourth movements of his Seventh Symphony are labeled "Nachtmusik" and his Fifth Symphony contains his famous "Adagietto" as well as a C-sharp minor funeral march for an opening movement. Another symphony sets both the Latin hymn Veni, Creator Spiritus and the last scene from Goethe's Faust. FTP, identify this composer of the "Symphony of a Thousand" as well as symphonies commonly called "Titan" and "Resurrection".

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The second of these works by this composer is unusual for having all four movements written in C. The fourth of these works exists in an earlier version that uses Italian tempo markings instead of German ones, and is notable for generating all the thematic material from one motif. The third of these works has a fourth movement that is notable for the introduction of three trombones supposedly portraying a ceremony the composer witnessed that elevated Archbishop von Geissel of Cologne to the rank of cardinal. The first one of these works was titled after a poem by Adolph Boetgerr and was written right after its composer married Clara Wieck. For 10 points, name these works by the German composer of Carnaval and Scenes from Childhood, the third of which is the Rhenish and the first of which is the Spring.Â

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The second one may have been inspired by Nicholas II's visit to Paris and frames an increasingly insistent march with frenzied flourishes. That piece, "Celebrations," is preceded by the first of them wherein a wispy string chord oscillates around a floating English horn solo. Both "Clouds" and the final piece, featuring a woman's choir, which is called "Sirens," owe inspiration to the poetry of Henri de Regnier and to the paintings of James Whistler, for which they were named, FTP, identify this trio of tone pictures by Claude Debussy.

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The second section of this work presents four variations on a "sighing" theme initially presented on the strings, then the horns, then the full orchestra. The fourth section of this work features a difficult cadenza in which the flute and clarinet take turns, before the harp enters to play shimmering scales, which, in turn, sets the stage for the introduction of a Gypsy Song. Featuring an instruction to play all the way through without pause, the opening theme, a morning serenade, returns throughout this work which climaxes with a fiery Fandango, emphasized by cutting strings, cymbals, and castanets. This work in five movements was completed in 1887 and was inspired by Inzenga and Castellanos' Book of Songs. For 10 points, identify this work that begins with the "Alborada," a work based on Asturian folk themes by Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov.

Passions," "Dream of a Witches' Sabbath," and "March to the Scaffold," Symphonie Fantastique.

The secret Vehmic trials during the late Middle Ages are the subject of this composer's unfinished opera The Free Judges. Among the unstaged dramatic works of this composer are The Childhood of Christ and a work which ends with Marguerite being brought up to heaven in its epilogue, The Damnation of Faust. Dido and Aeneas the subjects of his opera Les Troyens, while he placed four brass choirs in different places in his Requiem. It was intended for Paganini to play the viola solo, which represents the title character, in this composer's symphony Harold in Italy. FTP, name this composer of a work whose sections include "Dreams

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The sixth was written for flute and bassoon, while the ninth of these opens with a movement marked "vagaroso e mistico." The second was adapted from pieces originally written for piano and cello and features movements such as "Woodland Memory" and "Song of the Hoodlum." Written by the composer of three African Dances and a "Rough Poem" for Arthur Rubenstein, the most commonly performed may be the fifth, scored for soprano and eight cellos and consisting of a dance subtitled "Hammered" and an aria written seven years earlier with a text taken from a poem by Ruth Correa. Each movement in the set is given two titles, one classical and one in the composer's native language. FTP identify this collection of nine nationalistic pieces written by Heitor Villa-Lobos [vee-yuh YO-bozh].

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The soprano in this opera reminds herself that she "must always be free" in the aria "E Strano! E Strano...Sempre Libera" after the tenor proclaims his love in "Un di felice, eterea." The baritone sings "Di Provenza il mar" to convince his son to return to Provence, but instead he crashes a party hosted by Flora Bervoix, where he wins money in cards from his rival Baron Douphol. In the last act, the title character sings "Adio del passato" after reading a letter from Giorgio apologizing for breaking up her romance with his son, who impressed the title character by singing the Brindisi. For 10 points, Alfredo Germont is the lover of Violetta in what Verdi opera about a courtesan?

who know, see, and hear nothing," whereas the trumpet phrase repeated over times over them alternates with contrapuntal woodwinds that accelerate in speed and loudness during the course of the work. Revised in the 1930's, it is often paired with Central Park in the Dark in the Good Old Summer Time in performance, where the titular entity is mocked after what the composer calls "a secret conference" finds that the voice of the flute's "invisible reply" comes to nothing. FTP, name work subtitled "A Contemplation of a Serious Matter," a work of Charles Ives.

The strings in the background of this work represent "the silence of the druids

a quarter note followed by triplet eighths. The opening piano introduction sets the stage for a dialogue in which a young girl, wary of the "wild" appearance of a new acquaintance, asks to be left alone but is gradually comforted by his assurances that all he wants to do is hold her. The final word, "sleep," plunges down to a low D as this song comes to an end. Not surprisingly, the composer used its music in his 1824 String Quartet in D minor of the same name, which happened to inspire a novel by Ariel Dorfman. FTP, name this composition by Franz Schubert.

The text is taken from a poem by German writer Matthias Claudius, and the work begins with one of the composer's signature rhythmic devices

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The theme of this work appears for the final time in a disfigured form played by muted horns and violins, and after a subsequent chord in the flutes the music dissolves, marking the end of the piece. Early on, the call of horns and a series of arpeggios in the harp are intended to depict a sylvan setting. It opens with a lonely chant for solo flute symbolizing the half-dreaming state of the title creature, whose dozing in the warm sunshine of the Apennines has been interrupted by a vision of fleeing nymphs. FTP, what is this symphonic poem based on a Mallarme poem, composed by Claude Debussy?

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The third act opens with the cavatina "And though a cloud the sun obscure," after which a chorus of bridesmaids come in to make a garland. The second act opens with a duet between the main female character and her cousin Aennchen, while at the beginning of the first act a chorus of peasants make fun of the main male character, who has been defeated by Kilian. That male character wants to marry Cuno's daughter, but he needs to win a competition before Prince Ottokar if he wants to win her hand and the position of head forester. To win that competition, his friend Caspar persuades him to meet Samiel in Wolf's Glen and obtain some special ammunition. FTP, name this 1821 opera in which Agathe is wooed by Max, a work by Carl Maria von Weber.

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The third section begins in the F sharp minor key and introduces the theme of a musical conversation. The second, more melancholy movement, inspired by laments sung during Holy Week, pairs the featured instrument with an English horn and is marked Adagio. Its opening begins by alternating between a 6/8 signature and accompanying passages in 3/4 and was based on traditional folk dances such as the fandango. Often performed alongside its composer's later success, Fantasy for a Gentleman, this work for guitar and orchestra was adapted by Miles Davis in his Sketches of Spain. For 10 points, identify this 1940 composition named for the location of Philip II's spring resort, the masterpiece of Joaquin Rodrigo.

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The third section of this work features three motifs, a song for muted strings, a subject for the brass, and a theme for trombones, that evoke an elegiac mood and is sometimes called "The Queen's Monastery." It features a the energetic ringing of a bell in its fourth section, which provokes a moment of reflection, but opens with a dance melody meant to symbolize the hustle and bustle of "The Street." It ends with the movement "City Hall" which recapitulates the celebratory opening theme of the whole piece, notably played by nine trumpets. Originating as a series of fanfares for a gymnastic festival sponsored by the Sokol group, this 1926 work in five movements was dedicated to the Czechoslovak Armed Forces. Its composer's largest purely orchestral composition, it features a length that belies its diminutive name, for 10 points, identify this "little symphony" by Leos Janacek.

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The third section of this work is a Romanza that features a melody initially presented by clarinets and is marked "not fast." Its reflective second theme is introduced by oboe and clarinet, while the second section, a scherzo, which features cellos, violas, and bassoons, incorporates a traditional "wine song" and was originally to have borne a title referring to the sun rising over a certain river. This work, which ends with a brisk march depicting a country festival, was written during the composer's tenure as a conductor in Dusseldorf. Its fourth and penultimate movement features a stately contrapuntal melody that was supposedly inspired by the composer's attendance at a ceremony marking the elevation of an archbishop at the Cologne Cathedral. For 10 points, identify this work written in E flat major, a symphony by Robert Schumann.

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The title character of his only opera sings the aria "Die letzte Hoffnung Schwindet" and is named Genoveva, while his first symphony was an unfinished work named after his hometown Zwickau. His first published work was dedicated to a fictional countess and is based on themes to the sequence "A B-flat E G G." One of this man's works includes the sections "Dreaming," "The Poet Speaks," and "Of Foreign Lands and people," and is called Kinderszenen, while another of his works was inspired by a work of E. T. A. Hoffman and was dedicated to Frederick Chopin. In addition to Kreisleriana, he composed a suite of piano pieces titled Papillons, while one of his orchestral works depicts the Archbishop of Cologne within its five movements. For 10 points, name this German composer, husband of Clara, who created the Spring Symphony, and the Rhenish Symphony.

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The title character of one of this man's operas sings the "Shadow Song" while chasing her pet goat, and he wrote an aria for soprano in which the insane Catherine is accompanied by Peter the Great on flute, "La, la, la, air chéri." This composer of Dinorah saw his early opera Jephtha flop, and Gaetano Rossi wrote the libretto to one of his works in which Armando rescues the sultan from Osmino and which includes a castrato role, Il crociato in Egitto. This composer of Margaret of Anjou also collaborated with Rossi on an opera in which the title characters both love Teobaldo, Romilda and Costanza. In one of this man's operas, an explosion kills the titular character, John de Leyden, and he wrote another in which Bertram offers the title character a magic bough and takes him to frolic with dead nuns, Robert le Diable. For 10 points, identify this composer of Les Huguenots and L'Africaine.

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The title locations are Redding Center, Connecticut; Stockbridge, Massachusetts; and Boston. Its final section is a setting of a poem by Robert Underwood Johnson about the Housatonic River, while its opening section is an impression of Augustus Saint-Gaudens' memorial to the 54th Massachusetts Regiment in Boston Common. Its middle section, arguably the most famous, describes a child who falls asleep at a picnic and dreams that he is a member of General Israel Putnam's revolutionary war army. For 10 points identify this orchestral suite by Charles Ives.

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The work begins with three different versions of a story, followed by a character singing the aria "Give these orders." A partner of that character ends Act I by singing "Those birds flying," an aria that contrasts with the earlier "I have often reflected." The second act opens with the Hagar Chorus, which is followed by the title character singing "I've never been a violent man," to which Rambo replies "You are always complaining." It had its American premiere in 1992 by the San Francisco Opera, and the cast included Jamer Maddalena as the Captain, who asks to be killed after Mamoud declares "Every Fifteen Minutes, One More Will Be Shot." FTP, name this two-act opera about the 1984 hijacking of a passenger liner which features the death of the Jewish title character, composed by John Adams.

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They include a piece interpolating a Neapolitan folksong, while another bases its rhythm on a Habanera in order to invoke a historic gate at the Alhambra. Still another uses a fragmented melody to depict a stark glacial landscape. That piece, the sixth of them, is marked "slow and sad." Another one quotes "God Save the Queen" and is dedicated to Samuel Pickwick.Collected in two books, they were composed between 1909 and 1913 and include works with such titles as "The Hills of Anacapri," "The Sunken Cathedral," and "Girl with the Flaxen Hair." Markedly shorter than this composer's previous works, like Three Nocturnes, their name derives from a type of music that would often begin a church service or introduce another work, like a fugue. For 10 points, identify this set of 24 pieces for piano, by Claude Debussy.

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This Austrian composer attended the premier of Parsifal, and after Wagner's death said that he spoke to his idol in his dreams. Slight of build and usually penniless, one of his few jobs was editing the critical magazine Salonblatt. His harsh denunciation of stars like Brahms in favor of progressives like Bruckner led his major early pieces, Quartet in D Minor and the tone poem Penthesilia, to attract great hostility. He proceeded to write a series of songs based on the works of Eichendorff, Mörike, and Goethe. FTP, name the composer of the operas Manuel Venegas and Der Corregidor, as well as the orchestral Italian Serenade.

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This artist composed an overture in the style of Mendelssohn for an opera which includes the songs "When Love and Beauty," "Over the Roof," and "Then come not yet." In one of this composer's last operas, Ludwig replaces the miserly Grand Duke Rudolph of Pfennig Halbfennig; that opera is subtitled "The Statutory Duel." This composer wrote the music for an opera in which The Gods of Mount Olympus go on a holiday, and an opera about a war between peers and fairies subtitled "The Peer and the Peri." The composer of Cox and Box, The Grand Duke, Thespis, and Iolanthe, for 10 points, name this composer of the Savoy Theatre who collaborated on The Mikado and The HMS Pinafore with W. S. Gilbert.

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This child prodigy supposedly ran away from home at the age of 13 and earned money for the return trip as an itinerant pianist. He later studied at the Brussels Conservatory with Franz Liszt, and later with Spanish nationalist composer Felipe Pedrell. Collaboration with the English banker Francis Money-Coutts produced three operas, including his most famous nonpiano work Pepita Jimenez. He is perhaps more famous, however, for his Suites Anciennes and Rapsodia Espanola. FTP, identify this Catalonian composer of the piano suite Iberia.

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This composer based part of one work on a friend singing a snippet from the Pathetique sonata. He tried to depict the “stout and steaky†character of a city in his concert overture Cockaigne, subtitled “In London Town.†He depicted a pious man's soul ascending to the judgment in a work based on a Cardinal Newman poem. Another of his pieces has movements like “Dorabella†and “Nimrod.†The last night of the BBC Proms features his march that is often played at graduations. For 10 points, name this English composer of The Enigma Variations and Pomp and Circumstance.

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This composer began one work with the opening dedication, "To the City of Venice, in praise of its Patron Saint, the Blessed Mark, Apostle" in Canticum Sacrum. Furbo performs a fake resurrection to reignite Pimpinella's devotion for the title character of one of his ballets, and a double fugue starting in the oboes begins the second movement of a work, which has each movement dedicated to one of the hortatory virtues. Along with Pulcinella and Symphony of Psalms, one of his works features the "Procession of the Sage" and "The Evocation of the Ancestors," and begins with a noted bassoon solo. For 10 points, name this composer of Petrushka and The Rite of Spring.

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This composer created one of the very first roles of the Luthéal instrument in his Tzigane, and his piano duet written for Mimi and Jean Godebski is entitled Mother Goose. "The Valley of Bells" and "A Boat on the Ocean" are two sections of his difficult Miroirs, and he included "Ondine" and "Le Gibet" in his piano work meant to be more difficult than Balakirev's Islamey, Gaspard de la nuit. The end of one work features an eight bar shift from C major to E major right before bass drum and cymbals make their first entrance reinforcing the ostinato first played by the snare drums. For 10 points, name this composer, who created Pavane for a Dead Princess and the repetitive Bolero.

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This composer depicted a peasant dreaming of summer while dying in a blizzard in the "trepak" section of his cycle Song and Dances of Death, and his vocal works include Sunless and The Destruction of Sennacherib. The title character of one opera has visions of a child he thought was executed at Uglich and is eventually overthrown by the monk Grigori, who becomes the False Dmitri. Another work features sections titled "The Market at Limoges" and "The Old Castle" that are connected by the "Promenade" theme. For 10 points, name this Russian composer of Boris Godunov and Pictures at an Exhibition.

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This composer featured three yodelers and four horns in Abendzauber for solo Baritone and Chorus, and one of his two Aequale for trombone trio was inspired by the death of his godmother, Rosalie Mayrhofer. Otto Kitzler's influence is present in this composer's Study Symphony in F minor, and the line "The mouth of the righteous instructor utters wisdom" opens another of his works set mostly in the Lydian mode. In addition to Os Justi, his choral works include a seven-part Ave Maria and a "Qui Tollis" from his E-minor requiem, both of which were quoted in Die Nullte, his Zeroth Symphony. For 10 points, name this Austrian composer whose Fourth Symphony is known as the "Romantic."

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This composer first won fame with the publication of his opus 3 "L'estro armonico", a collection of concertos for one, two or four violins, while in the realm of sacred music he composed the celebrated orotorio "Juditha triumphans". Composer of an opera based on "Orlando furioso", he offered musical training at the Pio Ospedale della Pieta, a orphanage for girls in Venice, while gaining the moniker "the red priest" due to his red hair. FTP, who was this Italian composer now best-known for the concertos in "The Four Seasons"?

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This composer had the violin play 2/4 against the persistent 6/8 beat of the orchestra in his work for Pablo Sarasate, Introduction and Rondo Capriccioso, while a Nubian love song he found in Luxor inspired his fifth piano concerto in F Major subtitled "Egyptian." In one work a violin enters playing an A chord against an E-flat chord tuned down a half step, which is answered by a xylophone solo representing a skeletons dance, and another work has movements titled "Characters with Long Ears," "Fossils," and "The Swan." For 10 points, name this composer of Danse Macabre and Carnival of the Animals.

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This composer included the tenor saxophone in his sixth symphony whose final movement was inspired by the quote, "We are such stuff / As dreams are made on" from The Tempest. This composer borrowed a speech about the Crimean War pleading for peace in Dona nobis pacem, while the landscape of East Anglia inspired In the Fen Country. He used the poems "Passage to India" and "On the Beach at Night Alone" from Leaves of Grass in one symphony, while another piece was inspired by a George Meredith poem. This composer of The Lark Ascending adapted music for the film Scott of the Antarctic into his Sinfonia Antarctica. For 10 points, name this English composer of Fantasia on a Theme of Thomas Tallis.

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This composer met Enrico Fermi on a trip to a country which inspired a work that utilizes Dies Irae in its movement Butantan. That work, Brazilian Impressions, is one of his tone poems, along with Church Windows. One of his operas takes its title from a demon that represents the deadly sin of slothfulness. Another of this composer's works contains a movement in which Christian hymns are heard against the growls of vicious animals, called “Circuses.†Another work by this composer of Belphegor and Ancient Airs and Dances is dedicated to the title structures depicted at various times of day, while another uses a recorded nightingale in its third movement. For 10 points, name this composer of Roman Festivals, Fountains of Rome, and Pines of Rome.

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This composer of the one-act opera "Overnight" showed an early interest in music, but had to wait for the "S" volume of an encyclopedia his family was buying on an installment plan before he could learn how to compose a sonata. Influenced by Richard Strauss, his Gurrelieder was one of the high points of post-romanticism. Departing from that style, he is famous today for works like "Moses and Aaron" and "Transfigured Night". FTP, name this German composer of "Pierrot Lunaire" who developed the 12-tone method of Composition.

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This composer quoted the protest song "I was sewing millet" in his Piano Trio in G-minor inspired by the death of his daughter after moving to Sweden. His tone poems include Richard III and Hakon Jarl, while he honored the wedding of Emperor Franz Josef in his Triumphal Symphony. In the finale of his first string quartet the music abruptly stops before the violin plays a sustained tremolo symbolizing his deafness. Along with a string quartet subtitled "From My Life", he composed a work with a section inspired by an Amazon saved by Prince Ctirad, titled "Sarka", and that work's first movement is based on the Vysehrad Castle in Prague. For 10 points, name this Czech composer who included "Die Moldau" in his Ma Vlast.

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This composer set lyrics by David Byrne in his collection, Songs from Liquid Days. He set the titular Allen Ginsberg poem in his sixth symphony, "Plutonian Ode," and he used tunes from David Bowie and Brian Eno's albums in his second and third symphonies, subtitled "Low" and "Heroes" respectively. He is better known for an opera which involves Tolstoy, Tagore, and Martin Luther King; and one whose sections "Prematurely Air-Conditioned Supermarket" and "I Feel the Earth Move" follow the third "Knee Play." For 10 points, name this American minimalist composer whose "portrait trilogy" includes Satyagraha and Einstein on the Beach.

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This composer transcribed a forlane from another composer's Concerts Royaux, inspiring his six-part memorial of World War I soldiers. Pianist Ricardo Viñes debuted many of this man's pieces, including a Spanish dance that was inspired by his teacher, Gabriel Fauré. This composer arranged the most-performed version of Mussorgsky's Pictures at an Exhibition and wrote The Tomb of Couperin and the Pavane for a Dead Princess. A constant ostinato rhythm in the snare drums characterizes another of his pieces. For 10 points, name this French composer of Boléro.

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This composer used a scherzo in 7/4 time to set a hymn with the refrain "Brothers rise and join the throng," "Song of the Frogs." This composer incorporated the folk song "If All the World Were Paper" into the allegro movement of his Opus 40, A Fugal Concerto. In one of his works, a mixed chorus sings agitated pleas in 5/4 time, and is answered in 5/2 time by a reassuring "master," who sings "I am Mind of all." He composed "Dance of the Marionette" and "Dance Under the Cherry Tree" for a work commissioned by Michito Ito, theJapanese Suite. This composer used an anvil to provide the rhythm of his "Song of the Blacksmith," the third movement of a suite ending with a "Fantasy on the Dargason," the Second Suite for Military Band. He adapted gnostic texts from the Apocryphal Acts of St John into his Hymn of Jesus, and composed a tone poem named for a location in The Return of the Native. For 10 points, name this English composer of Egdon Heath, St. Paul's Suite, and The Planets.

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This composer was briefly engaged to the Belgian mezzo-soprano Désirée Artôt, to whom he dedicated his Six French Songs. Among his symphonies are his unnumbered Manfred Symphony, one subtitled “Polish,†and one whose second movement features a waltz-like melody in five-four time. His Marche Slave shares parts with a composition that is partly scored for cannon fire. He also wrote a ballet that features the “Dance of the Sugarplum Fairy.†For 10 points, name this Russian composer of the Pathétique Symphony, the 1812 Overture, and The Nutcracker.

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This composer was the first winner of the Mendelssohn Prize and in 1858 moved to Leipzig to become a conductor. On his return to his native city, he wrote his "Irish" Symphony as well as an overture, In Memoriam, and an oratorio, The Prodigal Son. In 1872 he wrote what is now probably his single best-known tune, which is set to lyrics which feature a line about "marching as to war." The previous year, he had been commissioned to write a work whose score is now lost, called Thespis, or The Gods Grown Old, which was his first in a genre that he would continue with The Grand Duke and Utopia Limited. FTP, name this composer of the hymn "Onward, Christian Soldiers," as well as The Yeomen of the Guard, The Gondoliers, Iolanthe and H.M.S. Pinafore, all in collaboration with W.S. Gilbert.

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This composer wrote a Canto Serioso for horn and piano and dedicated one of his works for chorus and orchestra to the "Young Merchant's Society." One of this man's works ends with a series of variations on his hymn "My Jesus, make my heart to love thee." That work, in which each part was written to reflect the personality of the original performer, is a wind quintet. He used only nine instruments in the "Humoreske" movement of his final symphony, while a visit to the Acropolis inspired a work representing the sun rising over the Aegean, the Helios Overture. He featured a wordless vocal solo for baritone and soprano in the "Andante pastorale" second movement of his Sinfonia Espansiva. This composer of Sinfonia Semplice created a symphony that features a "duel" between two sets of timpani. For 10 points, name this Danish composer of a symphony nicknamed The Inextinguishable.

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This composer wrote a piano concerto whose final movement switches to 6/8 time before the trumpets introduce a theme based on the song, "The Man Who Broke the Bank at Monte Carlo". He featured a theme from Faure's abandoned Tantum Ergo motet in "andante sostenuto" movement of his Piano Concerto No. 2, while he included a tune he heard sung by a boatman on the Nile River in a sonata subtitled "The Egyptian". This composer wrote a piece opening with the harp playing D twelve times to convey it is midnight in which the xylophone represents the sound of bones. For 10 points, name this French composer of Danse Macabre who included movements titled "Fossils" and "The Swan" in Carnival of the Animals.

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This composer wrote a symphonic suite in which the fairy Gul-Nazar rescues a gazelle from a bird. One of his works uses the unusual time signatures 2/1 and 3/1 in its final movement, and its Andante lugubre first movement alternates a woodwind theme with a cello rendition of the hymn "An Angel Cried Out." The fourth movement of one work by this composer opens with five cadenzas played over percussion rolls and sees violins, violas, and cellos played quasi guitara. That work's third movement nearly repeats its first save in key and instrumentation, an asturian dance. For 10 points, name this composer of Russian Easter Overture and Capriccio Espagnol as well as a suite with movements like "The Kalendar Prince" and "The Sea and Sinbad's Ship" called Scheherezade.

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This composer wrote a violin piece titled "Music for the Chapel of the Pieta". This composer included a piece called "Suspicious" in a set of works dedicated to Charles VI, entitled The Lyre. A "spirituous non e presto" movement ends his La Stravaganza, and his other concertos include pieces titled "Proteus" and "Goldfinch", as well as a set of twelve collected in L'estro Armonico. This composer featured themes representing "drunkards that have fallen asleep" and a "barking dog" in sonnets that were written to accompany his best-known work, which appeared in The Contest Between Harmony and Invention. For 10 points, name this Italian composer who included "La Primavera" and "L'Autunno" in his The Four Seasons.

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This composer wrote a work beginning with the double basses representing mist before the orchestra enters to play six different dances; that work was a tribute to a Johann Strauss waltz. He included sections titled "Little Tom Thumb" and "Conversation of Beauty and the Beast" in a work dedicated to the Godebski kids. This composer of La Valse and Mother Goose wrote a work ending with a chorus of bacchantes playing tambourines, who join together in the "Danse Generale". In addition to writing a ballet based on a Longus poem, he wrote a work dedicated to Ida Rubinstein that features an unchanging snare drum ostinato rhythm. For 10 points, name this Spanish composer who wrote Daphnis et Chloe and Bolero.

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This composer wrote the aria "Quand nos bourgeons se rouvriront" about the Belgian defense on the Ypres in his A Voice in the Desert, while a famous "nobilmente" features in his first symphony in A-flat dedicated to Hans Richter. Jacqueline du Pre popularized his cello concerto in E minor, and a Cardinal Newman poem is the basis for his oratorio The Dreams of Gerontius. An argument about Sonata Pathetique with Augustus Jaeger was depicted in the "Nimrod" section of a work thought to be inspired by "Auld Lang Syne." For 10 points, name this English composer of the Enigma Variations and Pomp and Circumstance.

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This composer's body of works is currently assembled in the Karstädt catalogue. His first musical post was as organist at Helsingborg, though in 1667 he succeeded Franz Tunder at the Marienkirche in Lübeck. During this time he composed the most famous of his 114 sacred vocal works, including Jesu meine Freud und Lust and Accredite gentes, accurate populi. The works of this composer were performed during his Abendmusik concerts, one of which prompted a famous journey by another composer. FTP, identify this early German composer who J. S. Bach traveled over 200 miles to see.

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This composer's interest in the poetry of Walt Whitman is evidenced by his early Overture: Walt Whitman and a setting of Whitman's "From Noon to Starry Night," The Mystic Trumpeter. He paid homage to Thomas Hardy with the tone poem, Egdon Heath, and he used a fantasia on "The Dargason" for the finale of two other suites: his St. Paul's Suite and his Second Suite for Military Band. His most famous composition ends with a "fadeout" effect from an offstage choir, opens with a militaristic theme in 5/4, and has movements subtitled "The Winged Messenger" and "Bringer of Jollity." For 10 points, name this British composer of The Planets.

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This composition draws its name from a joke which the wife of Emperor Francis II found offensive. From an oratorio, it quotes music associated with the text, "The dewdropping morn, Oh, how she quickens all!" to go with the words "Qui tollis peccata mundi," changing tempo abruptly for the words "Miserere Nobis" within the Gloria. For ten points, name this work by Joseph Haydn, quoting the music of Adam and Eve.

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This composition was originally intended to be a tetralogy of symphonic poems, but its initial success encouraged its composer to continue the cycle with Tábor and Blaník. The third movement tells of Šárka, a heroine who seeks revenge for the infidelity of her lover, Ctirad, while the first is named for the great rock that overlooks the river portrayed in the second movement. FTP, Identify the 1882 work whose movements include From Bohemia's Woods and Fields and The Moldau, written by Bedrich Smetana.

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This man composed a pas de fleurs for a score mostly written by his tutor, Le Corsaire, which formed the basis of his Naïla. A suite adapted from one of his works consists of four movements like "Les Chasseresses" and "Cortège de Bacchus." That piece depicts a nymph falling in love with the shepherd Aminta, only to be captured by Orion. Napoleon III commissioned his cantata Alger, this led to a collaboration with Ludwig Minkus and his setting of a Remy Belleau poem, Avril. In a work by this man Gérald's love, the daughter of Nilakantha sings while ringing a magic item, and has the duet, "Dôme épais," with Mallika. In a ballet by this man, the lovers Swanilda and Franz try to communicate with the title doll. The two aforementioned songs, "The Bell Song" and "The Flower Duet," are part of an opera about the daughter of a Brahmin priest during the British occupation. For 10 points, name this composer of the opera Lakmé and the ballets Sylvia and Coppélia.

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This man composed a series of preludes for piano whose titles include "Wind over the Plains," "Homage to Samuel Pickwick," and "The Girl with the Flaxen Hair." His works for piano include Estampes, In Black and White, and The Children's Corner, and he composed an opera set in the mythical kingdom of Allemonde, based on Maurice Maeterlinck's Pélleas and Méllisande. FTP, name this French Impressionist composer, best known for his orchestral works La Mer and Prelude to the Afternoon of a Faun, as well as his Suite Bergamasque, which contains "Clair de lune."

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This man composed choral work based on a colinda about sons turned into stags called “Cantata Profana.†The piano suite Out of Doors was completed by this composer of the trio Contrasts and the solo piano piece “Allegro barbaro.†A third piano concerto and a viola concerto were left unfinished at his death, while another of his works features a second section called “Game of the Couples†and a fourth section parodying Shostakovich's Leningrad Symphony. A plucked string that rebounds off the fingerboard is known as his “pizzicato,†while “Six Dances in Bulgarian Rhythm†are part of his set of 153 piano pieces. The composer of Music for Strings, Percussion, and Celesta, this is, for 10 points, which Hungarian composer of Concerto for Orchestra and Mikrokosmos?

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This man wrote a collection of thirty-two pieces that each begin with a "stroke" from a Japanese temple instrument.The 17-piece collection For Times to Come accompanies a set of fifteen works, one of which requests the performers to fast in silence for four days. In addition to From the Seven Days, this composer wrote a piece based on the Book of Daniel called Song of the Youths, as well as Crossplay, a work scored for oboe, bass clarinet, piano, and three percussionists that was inspired by Messiaen.Michael, Eve, and Lucifer are the central characters in an opera cycle, parts of which are performed as some of his Klavierstücke and whose individual works are named for days of the week. A proponent of "formula composition" and "punctual" music, for 10 points, name this German composer of Helicopter String Quartet and Kontra-Punkte, whose opera cycle Licht is an example of his electronic music.

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This man's A Sentry for Four Years includes a quartet inspired by the aria "I am so wonderful" from Beethoven's Fidelio. Beethoven's influence is also apparent in the first movement of his First Symphony, which quotes that composer's The Creatures of Prometheus. He wrote a composition mixing the cantata, oratorio and opera genres entitled Lazarus, number 689 in the Deutsch catalog. His 4th Symphony was his first to be written in a minor key, and is nicknamed "Tragic." His final symphony in C major may have been his 7th, though it is commonly numbered his 9th. FTP name this composer of Lieder such as "Gretchen am Spinnrade" and "Erlkonig" along with the "Great" and Unfinished Symphonies.

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This man's Opus 16, a set of three "fantasies or caprices" for piano, was written after a visit to Coed-du in Wales. His Etude in F minor was written for a pedagogical work by his teacher, Ignaz Moscheles, while his three piano sonatas include a work in G minor he composed at the age of 12 and a work in E which was the only one published in his life, after being written in 1826. His other keyboard works include the six Christmas Pieces, the youthful Andante and Rondo Capriccioso, and the Variations Sérieuses, as well as a collection of pieces in eight books which includes several "Venetian Boat Songs." FTP, name this composer of the Songs Without Words who also wrote the Italian and Scottish symphonies.

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This man's comical cantata “Be still, stop chattering†is often performed like an opera, and depicts the narrator's addiction to coffee. He used a musical phrase written by Frederick the Great for his Musical Offering. An ominous nine-note phrase opens his composition called Toccata and Fugue in D-Minor. His works include the Mass in B Minor and a collection of twenty-four preludes and fugues entitled The Well-Tempered Clavier. For 10 points, name this German Baroque composer of the Goldberg Variations and the Brandenburg Concertos.

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This man's counterpoint teacher, André Gedalge, was the dedicatee of an A-minor piece by this man that includes movements like “Modéré,†“Pantoum,†and “Passacaille.†This creator of a notable Piano Trio included movements like “Night Moths†and “The Aubade of the Jester†in his solo piano piece Mirrors. This composer wrote a piano piece in which each movement is based on an Aloysius Bertrand poem, which was written to be more difficult to play than Balakirev's Islamey. This composer of Gaspard de la nuit also wrote an impressionistic ballet based on a Longus romance, while his most famous work builds up to a crescendo as a repetitive ostinato rhythm is played on the snare drums. For 10 points, name this French composer of Daphnis et Chloe and Bolero.

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This man's early operatic career was largely supported by the theater manager J.J. Heidegger, who gave way to John Rich after the close of his opera Oreste. Forest Music is among the sonatas by H. Casadesus incorrectly ascribed to this man, whose operas include one based on Torquato Tasso's Jerusalem Delivered, Rinaldo, and others about classical figures like Agrippina, Tamerlane, and Artaxerxes. The aria "See, the conqu'ring hero comes" comes from his Judas Maccabeus, though better-known is an orchestral work featuring the aria "Hornpipe." FTP name this composer, best-known for his Water Music and the "Hallelujah Chorus" of his oratorio Messiah.

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This man's early works include the string septet Shaker Loops and the piano piece Phrygian Gates. His time as composer in residence for the San Francisco Symphony produced works like a tribute to the Second Viennese School, Harmonielehre, and a choral work using the text of a John Donne poem and two Emily Dickinson poems, Harmonium. He used missing persons reports, internet postings, and cell phone conversations as the text for his 9/11 tribute, On the Transmigration of Souls, and wrote operas about the hijacking of the Achille Lauro and the visit of a President to a certain country. FTP name this modern American composer of The Death of Klinghoffer and Nixon in China.

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This man's first opera, The Magic Fountain, was not performed during his lifetime, though he used music from it in the swamp scene found in Act III of another of his operas. That opera was based on a section of George Washington Cable's The Grandissimes and features the suicide of the quadroon Palmyra after Simon Perez is murdered by the titular voodoo priest, Koanga. In the best-known opera by this man, the Dark Fiddler fails to persuade Sali and Vreli to join him on his travels. FTP, name this creator of the symphonic sketches Brigg Fair and On Hearing the First Cuckoo in Spring; the German-born British composer of A Village Romeo and Juliet.

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This man's last painting was a portrait of his neighbor and tennis partner, Arnold Schoenberg. He bought a copy of Forsyth's Orchestration for use in working on a commission from Damrosch. He was the soloist at the premiere of that work, which was preceded on the program by Glazunov's 5th symphony, chosen for the Charleston rhythm featured in his Concerto in F. He bought four taxi horns for a work inspired by a trip to Europe, and the rhythms of a train ride in Boston inspired another piece that opens with a clarinet glissando. FTP, name this composer of An American in Paris and Rhapsody in Blue.

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This man's piano works include four Eclogues, the Theme with Variations in A flat, and a set of thirteen Poetic Tone Pictures, as well as a concerto in G minor. His orchestral music includes a trio of suites entitled Nature, Life, and Love which includes a tone poem on Othello, and a set of four symphonic poems on works by Erben, including The Golden Spinning-Wheel and The Wild Dove. His chamber music is better known, including 14 string quartets of which the twelfth is nicknamed the "American." This friend of Brahms wrote his most famous concerto for the cello, while his other works include The Water Goblin, the Dumky trio, and the "Carnival" overture, as well as sixteen Slavonic Dances. FTP, name this former butcher from Zlonice [ZLAH-nee-chay], Bohemia, whose Ninth Symphony in E minor is subtitled "from the New World."

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This man's second string quartet includes a soprano in its last two movements, and he wrote an Accompaniment to a Cinematographic Scene while trying to find work as a film composer. Unaware of Debussy's opera, he wrote a tone poem on Pelleas and Melisande, and he composed a large setting of poems by Jens Peter Jacobsen, Gurreleide. This composer of A Survivor from Warsaw also wrote a string sextet about a woman's revelation of infidelity and an unfinished opera based on Exodus. For 10 points, identify this composer of Moses und Aron, Transfigured Night, and Pierrot Lunaire, the leader of the Second Viennese School who developed the 12-tone scale.

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This man's second symphony introduced electronic instruments to imitate radio signals, and a reading of "Prometheus Unbound" inspired his Music for a Scene from Shelley. His neoclassical works include the Capricorn Concerto, while he experimented with atonality in Prayers of Kierkegaard. He received a Pulitzer Prize for an opera in which Anatol seduces Erika, while another of his works is written in "arch" form and comes from the second movement of his first string quartet. For 10 points, name this American composer who used a text by James Agee in his Knoxville: Summer of 1915, and who created the opera Vanessa and the Adagio for Strings.

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This man's second symphony uses the folk song "Long, Long Ago" as one theme, and he left an unfinished Universe Symphony. A tremolando underlies the second movement of his fourth symphony, which draws from "The Celestial Railroad," and he synthesized jazz, rag, "Hello My Baby," and Sousa's "Washington Post" in a piece meant to evoke the nightlife of New York. He composed a work in which a solo trumpet asks the "Perennial Question of Existence," and another that contains the movement "Putnam's Camp." Central Park in the Dark and The Unanswered Question are by, for 10 points, this American composer of Three Places in New England.

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This man's sole venture into chamber music, his String Quartet in E Minor, was first performed in the foyer of the Hotel delle Crocelle. He was originally lined up to compose the opera Froufrou, with libretto by Meilhac and Halevy. He wrote a number of operas after the works of Friedrich Schiller, including I Masnadieri from The Robbers and Luisa Miller from Cabal and Love, while his Jerusalem was a continuation of his earlier work I Lombardi. After his proposal for an opera based on King Lear failed, he composed A Masked Ball which was shortly followed by The Force of Destiny. Many of his best-known operas feature prominent choral numbers, such as one sung by Hebrew Slaves, two sung by Gypsies and another sung by priestesses of Ptah. FTP name this prolific Italian composer of operas such as Rigoletto, La Traviata and Aida.

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This opera parodies oversentimentality in its arias "Vorrei dir" and "Smanie implacibili." A bass in this opera sings "Io crepo se non rido" and undercuts a farewell scene by laughing during its quintet "Di scrivermi ogni giorno." After being given a locket, this opera's leading baritone sings "Donne mie, la fate a tanti" in its second act. During the first act's final scene, extended woodwind trills play when a fake doctor based on Franz Mesmer uses a huge magnet on two characters who pretend to poison themselves. A soprano in this opera compares herself to a rock in the aria "Come scoglio," but is eventually seduced after being encouraged by her maid, Despina. In this opera's first scene, Ferrando and Guglielmo swear that their fiances will be eternally faithful to them, but after disguising themselves and successfully seducing Fiordiligi and Dorabella, they lose a bet to the cynical Don Alfonso. Subtitled "The School for Lovers," for 10 points, name this opera buffa by Mozart, whose title roughly translates to "they're all like that."

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This opera was a dud on opening night because of the extremely obese soprano, who was dying of an unknown disease. In the complete version, the lead tenor rushes to Paris in Act II, responding to news that the title character has been selling her possessions so they can live in the country in "O mio rimoroso!" While he is away, his father Giorgio initiates a dialogue with "Pura siccome un angelo," in which he explains that young Mr. Germont's relationship with the title character may jeopardize the chances of his sister marrying. Despite admitting that she suffers from consumption, FTP, Violetta Valery leaves her lover Alfredo and later dies in what Verdi opera?

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This opera was an enormous success when it premered in Berlin in 1816, but was performed only fourteen times before the theater in which it was staged was destroyed by fire. It tells of a mysterious girl born in a palace of crystal on the bed of the ocean, who is raised by a fisherman and his wife in place of their own daughter, who had been lost as a baby. After marrying the handsome knight Uldibrand, Bertolda captivates Uldibrand's heart. Before Bertolda can marry Uldibrand, he has a change of heart and goes to embrace the heroine, but when he touches her, he turns into ice and dies, after which his grave is fed forever by the heroine's tears. FTP, name this opera, the masterpiece of E.T.A. Hoffmann.

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This opera's duet, "Deh pensa che domani" highlights the only contralto role, a peasant laborer named Pippo, in a scene that involves a cross being hidden in a chestnut tree. Another aria, "A questo seno," is sang by Lucia, the wife of Fabrizio Vingradito, and appears near the dramatic scene showing the female protagonist's trial. The most performed excerpts from this opera are the prayer song. "Deh tu reggi in tal momento," and the overture, which begins with a series of snare drum rolls and contains lots of trills and a high pitched descending chromatic theme that imitate the sound of a chirping bird. The protagonist, Ninetta, is almost executed over the disappearance of a silver spoon in, FTP, which Gioachino Rossini opera in which an act of larceny is instead perpetrated by the titular bird?

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This opera's lesser characters include the toy vendor, Parpignol, and Benoit. Following the Act II waltz "Quando m'en vo' soletta," another lesser character, Alcindoro, is jilted and left with a large café bill. Its beginning includes the entrance of Schaunard with food and drink, his subsequent exit, and the famous tenor aria, "Che gelida manina." Another aria, "Testa adorata," actually comes from a lesser-known version of this opera by Leoncavallo. FTP, name this Puccini opera that centers on the love of Marcello and Musetta and Rodolpho and Mimi and inspired the musical Rent.

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This opera's libretto was adapted by Edmond Gondinet from the novel Le mariage de Loti. In this opera's first act, the lead tenor draws a picture of the protagonist's jewelry, which she had left on a bench, causing them to meet. The female lead is forced to sing about a pariah's daughter who saves a traveler from wild beasts in the aria "Air des clochettes," this opera's Bell Song. In its second act, Nilakantha stabs a British soldier, causing the title character to nurse him back to health. However, in its final act, the title character dies in Gerald's arms after she poisoning herself. Featuring the "Flower Duet" between Mallika and the title character, for 10 points, name this opera by Léo Délibes about an Indian princess.

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This painting is believed to have been partly based on the idyllic writings of Theocritus, Virgil, and Sannazaro. It is now hanging in the Louvre and it likely inspired Manet's famous 1863 painting "Luncheon on the Grass". Seated in the middle are two clothed men, one of whom is playing a lute. In front of the men are two nude nymphs, one of whom has her back to us and is holding a flute while the other is pouring water from a pitcher, but the two men seem oblivious to their presence. FTP, what is this 1510 painting attributable to Giorgione or Titian which shares its title with a 1919 Gide novel and a famous composition of Beethoven.

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This piece ends with a flute accompanying a solo clarinet which recapitulates the main theme. Its undulating opening theme is played by the violins, cellos, and bassoons, before this piece's key switches to F minor and B-flat minor herald the coming of rain. The trumpets enter pianissimo during the climax of this piece, which uses a downward chromatic slide by the woodwinds to represent a huge wave, part of a storm signified by rising bass lines and dynamic arches. Initially titled "The Lonely Island" and dedicated to Frederick William IV of Prussia, this piece is sometimes named for Fingal's Cave. For 10 points, identify this overture by Felix Mendelssohn named for an archipelago off the coast of Scotland.

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This piece marked the first use of three French horns in symphonic orchestration. An early C sharp is reinterpreted as D flat at the start of a downward resolution into a solo for first horn. This occurs during the recapitulation, which sees the second horn come in four bars before the rest of the orchestra. Its composer adapted the musical themes of its finale from his "Prometheus" Variations, and it shares its nickname with the seventh of Liszt's Transcendental Etudes. The second movement Marche funèbre is sometimes extracted from, FTP, this symphony "Composed to celebrate the memory of a great man," originally dedicated to Napoleon and written by Beethoven.

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This piece was originally the first of three sections in the composer's Mouvements Symphoniques, and the composer borrowed several ideas from the score he created for the film The Wheel. The main thrust of this piece is to recall one theme on horns, then trumpets, in longer and weightier note-values. The repetitiveness of this seven-minute musical work attempts to evoke the sounds of hissing steam, churning wheels, and increasing speed. FTP, identify this musical movement about an accelerating locomotive by Arthur Honegger.

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This piece's second movement was described by Franz Liszt as “a flower between two chasms,†and that scherzo movement switches over to the major key and repeats its short melody twenty times throughout the piece. This work's mostly pianissimo first movement is instructed to be played with the sustain pedal depressed the entire time, and consists of both a theme which is accented at the beginning of each measure and a constant ostinato triplet motive. This piece's third movement uses a plethora of sforzando notes which gives this piano section a stormy quality and is given the tempo marking “presto agitato.†For 10 points, identify this C-minor “Quasi una fantasia†work by Beethoven that was given its nickname due to its semblance to illumination upon Lake Lucerne.

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This symphony features an oboe melody set against a round in its fourth movement, which is cited in Adorno's Physiognomik as the first example of its composer's namesake counterpoint. The “Landler†country dance is the basis for this work's second movement, which opens with a cuckoo's song played as an interval of a fourth as opposed to the usual interval of a third. Its composer described its finale as “the cry of a wounded heart†and requested that its seven horns stand up at its end, while its Blumine movement is often omitted. Its third movement, a funeral march, is based on the themes from “Frere Jacques.†Parts of the first and third movements draw from its composer's Songs of a Wayfarer. For 10 points, which D-major musical work, the first by Gustav Mahler?

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This term describes a work by César Franck for Organ in E major, his Opus 19, and operatic examples include Caldara's Dafne and Haydn's La fedeltà premiata. John Gay's Acis and Galatea is a 'serenata' of this type, and a Newgate type of this musical genre is the ironic subtitle of Beggar's Opera. It can be described as a movement of a melody in thirds over a drone bass, and the titles of Beethoven's Piano Sonata No. 15 and Ralph Vaughan Williams' Symphony No. 3 share this word, which also names the Pifa movement for Handel's Massiah. The most famous work bearing this word includes movements titled "Storm" and "Scene by the brook." For 10 points, name this term, which also names Beethoven's Symphony No. 6 in F Major.

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This work begins without an introduction and plunges right into three tutti chords with sixteenth-note flourishes and a long main theme, which is followed by a G, G-sharp, A motif that motivates the second theme. An unusual moment in the first movement is the insertion of the air "Voi siete un po tondo," which was composed a few months earlier. Near the end of the final movement of this piece, the movement's theme is inverted and used as a subject for a fugue that goes on to incorporate the other major themes of the piece. With a name coined by impresario Johann Peter Salomon, for 10 points, name this C-major symphony by Mozart, his last, which is named for its jovial quality.

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This work condemns "the original sin of reason" as one of the "four great errors." It calls George Sand a milk cow, Dante a hyena, and describes The Imitation of Christ as exuding a Frenchman-like feminine smell in the section "Skirmishes of an Untimely Man." Its section on the "Improvers of Mankind" praises the Hindu Law of Manu, while this work begins with a list of 44 aphorisms, "Maxims and Arrows," before discussing the "Problems of Socrates," which includes introducing logic to supplant the Dionysian spirit. Subtitled "How to Philosophize with a Hammer," For 10 points, name this Nietzsche work, whose title parodies Wagner's Gotterdammerung.

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This work features a 3/2 Vivace of its composer's earlier aria "Sento la Gioia" from the opera Amadigi, which provides the central melody for the celebrated "Alla Hornpipe" movement. The "Bouree" and "Air" movements of are found in the first section according to Samuel Arnold's authoritative edition of this work. Beginning with a French overture, it consists of three suites in F, D, and G major, while it is often paired with "Music for Royal Fireworks" in performance. For 10 points, name this series of pieces written to accompany the procession of the George I's royal barge on the River Thames by George Friedrich Handel.

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This work features the arias "cielo e mar" and "suicidio," and begins with a mother being accused of witchcraft. La Ciecia is ultimately saved by Laura Adorno whose tryst with the prince puts her in danger. Its climax comes after the title character puts aside her own love and brings Laura and Enzo Grimaldi together by offering herself to the evil Barnabaand then impaling herself. FTP identify this 1867 masterpiece of Amilcare Ponchielli possibly best known for its ballet interlude "The Dance of the Hours."

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This work had a "Bluminé" or "Bouquet" movement removed and discarded by its composer from between its first two movements. It is divided into two sections: "From the Days of Youth" and "The Human Comedy," which includes use of the nursery rhyme "Frère Jacques." Named after a novel by Jean Paul, for ten points, name this first symphony written by Gustav Mahler.

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This work originally contained a soprano line setting Stefan George's translation of Baudelaire's poem De Profundis Clamavi in its final movement marked Largo Desolato. It ends with a melancholy movement where Tristan and Isolde is briefly quoted in the cello. The lengths of various sections and metronome markings are largely dictated by manipulations of the numbers 23 and 10, and the sequence A, B-flat, B, F is derived from the names of the subjects. It takes its title from a work composed by Alexander von Zemlinsky, and along with the Kammerkonzert, it marks the composer's transition to use of the twelve-tone system. Depicting the composer's adulterous affair with Franz Werfel's sister Hanna Fuchs-Robettin, for 10 points, name this 1927 work in six movements for string quartet, by Alban Berg.

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This work quotes a Carinthian folk song, which may be a reference to its composer's affair with Marie "Mizzi" Schuehl. Commissioned by American performer Louis Krasner, its variations on a Bach chorale are structured according to lengths of 10, 23, and 28 beats. Dedicated "to the memory of an angel" and depicting the personality, illness, and death of Manon Gropius, for ten points, name this last completed work by Alban Berg.

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This work received its current name from violinist Johann Peter Salomon. A passage in its opening Allegro vivace movement echoes the composer's earlier "Voi siete un po tondo," while the opening theme of its final movement is identical to the opening in the finale of Haydn's thirteenth Symphony. Highlights of the Andante Cantabile movement include a lyric bassoon solo, and the final movement ends with a blaze of trumpets and timpani that leads a double fugue, which culminates into a famous five-theme canon. For 10 points, identify this final symphony by Mozart with an Olympian name.

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This work was adapted in 2006 for the Roundabout Theatre by Wallace Shawn, who appeared on stage during the "Song about the Futility of Human Endeavour." At one point, the main character sings the "Ballad of the Easy Life" before the daughter of Chief Tiger Brown helps him escape jail. That character, Lucy, had sung the "Jealousy Duet" with the daughter of Celia, who bribed the prostitute Jenny to betray the main character after he had married Polly Peachum. Its best known song is the prelude introducing the main character, "Mack the Knife." For 10 points, name this musical adapted from John Gay's Beggar's Opera, composed by Kurt Weil with lyrics by Bertolt Brecht.

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This work was originally meant to be called simply Program Symphony, but the composer wanted the program to remain secret. The first movement features a trombone passage based on the Orthodox Hymn, while earlier the main motif of a descending second is introduced in the bassoon, which later is asked to play at a volume marked with six p's. The second movement is in five-four time, while the ending of the third movement is sometimes mistaken for the end of the piece, as the non-traditional final movement of this B minor work is slow and quiet. For 10 points, identify this final work of Tchaikovsky, commonly known as Pathetique.

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This work's "Udite, o rustici" is a notable patter song emphasizing the slippery nature of one of the major characters. The libretto for this work borrows heavily from the Scribe-written book for an Auber work on the same theme. The character addressed by "Signor sargente" torments one of the protagonists in the trio "Cantiamo, cantiam" after an aria in which that protagonist begs the other to believe him, which she eventually does, much to Belcore's chagrin. The plot is set in motion with the arrival of a character who describes in "Le feste nuziali" and "La donna e un animale" the use of his invention. Though Dulcamara has some good numbers, this opera's best-known piece is "Una furtiva lagrima" for Nemorino. FTP, name this work whose title concoction is nothing but a draught of Bordeaux wine; an opera by Gaetano Donizetti.

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This work's performance notes state that the title figure of its fourth movement "much prefers to hear" that movement's optional flute part. This work's second movement quotes Debussy's "Golliwog's Cake-Walk" and Columbia, Gem of the Oceans, and calls for a 14 3/4-inch strip of wood to be used to produce a massive tone cluster. All four movements of this piece quote a work of the same form, Beethoven's Hammerklavier. This work's fourth movement draws on the composer's lost work Walden Sounds, while its first movement draws on the Emerson Overture for Piano and Orchestra. For 10 points, name this piece whose movements include depictions of Nathaniel Hawthorne, Henry David Thoreau, and other residents of the title city, composed by Charles Ives.

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This work's second subject, in E major, introduces a moment of tranquility, but is soon overtaken by the rhythmic intensity of the main theme. In the finale, that main theme, a seven note melody, begins quieter, then transforms into ecstatic celebration, and is marked Rondo (Allegretto moderato). This work, which opens with a pulsating progression, originally included an Andante favori at the beginning of the final movement, but this was a replaced by a shorter Adagio introduction. Its composition was preceded by the composer's acquisition of an Erard fortepiano in 1803. For 10 points, identify this work in C major, Beethoven's Sonata 21, dedicated to and named for Count Ferdinand Ernst, the composer's then patron.

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This work's section marked Allegro energico, sempre ben marcato utilizes a rare and complex double fugue on a doubly exposited theme. The seventh section of this musical work's final movement, an Alla marcia scherzo in 6/8, utilizes the combination of triangle, cymbals, and bass drum characteristic of Janissary music. Its composer's opus 125, this symphony was commissioned by the Royal Philharmonic Society in 1817. FTP, name this 1824 musical work that notably uses Friedrich Schiller's "Ode to Joy;" the final symphony of Ludwig van Beethoven.

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Three times in this work, the music suddenly stops. Its second movement introduces a gentle oboe solo, while it opens with an orchestral depiction of an urban landscape which is interrupted by a clarinet solo and the beginning of a group of sections that its creator identified as "decoy games." Its composer was inspired to begin this work while reading Menyhert Lengel's namesake tale, in which a young girl is forced to wave at passersby from a window. In this musical adaptation, it is the girl's seductive dancing that results in the quick robbery of an old rake and a young man, which occurs before three loud trombone crashes symbolize the entrance of a more formidable, foreign character. Written on the heels of its composer's The Wooden Prince, cymbals mark the three consecutive unsuccessful attempts on the titular figure's life. For 10 points, identify this one act ballet named for a supernatural man from China, a work by Antonin Dvorak.

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Two thirds of the spoken text in this work were contributed by Christopher Knowles, an autistic 14 year old who worked with stage director Robert Wilson. Three recurring visual images occur during the performance-a trial/bed setting, a spaceship, and trains-all of which are meant to conjure up the title figure as the composer's trademark repetitive measures are piled on top of one another for maximum effect. Featuring a roaming simulacrum of the title figure, complete with moustache and wild hair, as violinist who wanders in and out of scenes, what is this 1974 opera, FTP, whose performers sport short sleeved white shirts and a pipe just like the man who discovered the theory of relativity, a work by Philip Glass.

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Vincent Persichetti's Parables XIV and XXV were written for this instrument, which has a secondary solo role in Shostakovich's First Piano Concerto. Three of them are employed at the opening of Ashkenazy's orchestration of Pictures at an Exhibition, as opposed to the one usually used. Joseph Hummel wrote a concerto for this instrument for Anton Weidinger, for whom another pioneering work for this instrument was written to utilize a "keyed" version to access low-register chromatic notes not on the overtone scale. It is featured in a notable Concerto in E-flat by Joseph Haydn. The titular five-note query in Charles Ives' The Unanswered Question is played by this instrument. For 10 points, name this valved brass instrument, whose jazz virtuosi include Louis Armstrong.

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When Mahler conducted this opera in Vienna, he inserted a trial scene from the play on which it was based. "Voi che sapete" and "Porgi amor" are notable arias from this opera whose complications result in part from the page Cherubino's attachment to Barbarina, the gardener's daughter. Susanna dresses as the Countess to trick the title character, while Count Almaviva tries to seduce his own wife, who is dressed as Susanna, the bride-to-be. With libretto by Lorenzo da Ponte, FTP, what is this Mozart opera based on a Beaumarchais play concerning the wedding of a former barber of Seville?

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While the protagonist of this opera is dining, a series of popular tunes is played, including music from Vicente Martin y Soler's Una cosa rara and Giuseppi Sarti's Fra i due litiganti, as well as an excerpt from the composer's previous opera. The title character plays the mandolin while singing the canzonetta "Deh vieni alla finestra," sung to the woman with whom he sings the duet "La ci darem la mano," Zerlina. At the end, the protagonist is visited by the statue of the slain Commendatore and dragged down to hell, and early in this opera, the title character's servant distracts Donna Elvira by singing the so-called Catalogue Aria. For 10 points, identify this opera about a womanizing nobleman, which was written by Wolfgana Amadeus Mozart.

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William Walton wrote a set of variations on the Andante from this composer's cello concerto. One of this composer's works opens with a Praeludium in C, includes a series of interludes and fugues, and ends with the Praeludium's retrograde inversion. Besides Ludus Tonalis, this author of The Craft of Musical Composition composed an opera based on E.T.A. Hoffmann's Mademoiselle de Scudéri, Cardillac. This composer wrote a requiem based on Whitman's "When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom'd," as well as Symphonic Metamorphosis on Themes of Von Weber. For 10 points, name this twentieth century German composer of an opera about the painter of the Isenheim Altarpiece, Mathis der Maler.

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Winning the Prix de Rome for his cantata David Rizzio, this man generated mediocre reviews with his first major work, La Grand'tante. That apathetic response caused him to serve a stint in the National Guard during the Franco-Prussian War, but he returned successfully with the oratorio Marie Magdalene and the incidental music for Les Erinyes, which includes the famous song "Elegie." It was another form, with such works as Le Roi de Lahore and Le Jongleur de Notre Dame, which gained him recognition. FTP, identify this French composer, best known for his operas Thais and Manon.

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With libretto by Theophile Gautier on a theme by Heinrich Heine and music by Adolphe Adam, this ballet was assured a success. And, indeed, the story of the maiden who dies of a broken heart because of her true love's duplicity at a harvest festival and then saves him from the Wilis was a great success for the 1841 Paris Opera. For ten points, name this Romantic ballet, for which Carlotta Grisi created the title role.

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Works during this man's Serialist period include the choral work The Dove Descending Breaks the Air and Threni along with a piece commemorating the poet Dylan Thomas. Early in his career he wrote songs such as "The Fairy's Kiss" and The Faun and the Shepherdess along with a popular concerto for orchestra known as Fireworks. His operatic works include the one-act work Rossignol and an opera about Nick Shadow with a libretto by W.H. Auden, The Rake's Progress, but he is better known for his Psalm Symphony and ballets like Petruschka. FTP, name this Russian composer of The Rite of Spring and The Firebird.