Music Appreciation - Late Midterm #2
Power Trio
John Mayall's Bluesbreakers, and formed Cream in 1966 with Jack Bruce and Ginger Baker (a power trio-no rhythm guitarist)
Members of The Beatles (names)
John, Paul, George, Ringo
The Beatles (members of the band):*
John, Paul, George, Ringo*
What were the 3 heavy metal bands?
Led Zeppelin Black Sabbath Deep Purple
Who was the leader of The Band?
Levon Helm
Who sings the song Gimme Three Steps
Lynyrd Skynyrd
All three singers below died in 1970-71
1)Joplin 2)Hendrix 3)Morrison
British Invasion (led by the Beatles)
1964 significance Beatles invaded - people that were active in American popular music between the end of the first gen rock and roll and the British invasion à Rolling Stones would possess the bad boy image
AABA song form
32-bar song form à used in old style of pop band music
Huey "Piano" Smith
An early attempt was Huey "Piano" Smith's "Rocking Pneumonia and the Boogie Woogie Blues" of 1957
Blues based guitarist that ran the band Cream
Eric Clapton
Guitar Gods
Eric Clapton and Jimi Hendrix
Bob Dylan (Robert Zimmerman):
Robert was his real name, Bob Dylan was a stage name à The first electric album released by Dylan was Bring It All Back Home The fact is that Dylan got his start playing Rock and Roll in high school and continued to do so when he entered the University of Minnesota à However, in college he discovered the Beat poets (Allen Ginsberg and Jack Kerouac) and folk music, in late 1960 he moved to New York and joined the folk revival à The folk revival had a short lifespan beginning in 1958 and ending in 1965
Southern Rock
Rock and Roll began as a Southern music · Rockabilly was a predecessor of Southern rock · Southern Rock emerged through the Allman Brothers · The Southern Rock story is based largely on the success of the Allman Brothers and Lynyrd Skynyrd
Who are the members of The Who?
Roger Daltrey, Pete Townsend, Keith Moon, John Entwistle
What was the name of the band Levon Helm led and performed with Dylan when they went electric in 1965
The Band
The Band (Levon Helm)
The Band consisted of Levon Helm (drummer) from Arkansas and four Canadians o The four Canadians were Robbie Robertson (guitar), Richard Manuel and Garth Hudson (keyboards) and Rick Danko (bass) · Obtained honorary American Band status because of their influences · Without Helm the group backed Dylan in 1965 (the year he went electric) · The music that they wrote had roots in country and soul which was mixed with Rock and Roll
Who was the first British Invasion Band
The Beatles
The Doors
The Doors : characteristics sound is that of the Hammond B Three, organ = they don't have a bass player à Instruments consist of Jim singing (he played no instruments), keyboards, and drums, and guitar à one of the keyboard parts in playing the bass sound Jim Morrison (The Doors) : treated his lyrics like poetry in his songs long passages of prose that allude to a childhood that was spent in a strange household and often talks of drug use Velvet Underground is run by Lou Reed : Lou takes music making very seriously à New York Art Scene, heroin addiction Frank Zappa = anti-musician of the group, thought rock and roll was ridiculous, treated his music with a high degree of sarcasm The Doors got their name from a literary reference = Aldous Huxley book : The Doors of Existence(?) à 65 and climbing up the charts by 67 - by 1970 Jim is dead ✖ The Doors was formed in 1965 when Jim Morrison met Ray Manzarek while studying film at UCLA · ✖ Made a fast climb to the top and had a slow and painful descent from it · ✖ Their first album The Doors hit the charts in 1967 and reached #2 o ✖ This established the groups place in history over night-five years later it was over (1966-1971) · ✖ Morrison had taken a leave of absence from the group and moved to Paris where he was found dead in the bathtub · ✖ The Doors always had a hot/cool sound that is similar to today's Nü-Metal bands · ✖ Examples of the different Doors sounds are the songs "Light My Fire" and "The End" · ✖ Morrison lived out the extreme states that he describes in his songs o + Alcohol and drug abuse led to the singer's death at 27 of a "heart attack" in 1971
What was the first jam band?
The Grateful Dead
Which was the British invasion band with the bad boy image?
The Rolling Stones
Who were the rock-based pop bands?
The Shirelles, The Drifters, (Martha & The Vandellas??)
bad boy image
The Stones cultivated a "bad boy" image this was done to separate them from the Beatles
Lou Reed
The Underground was led by Lou Reed-he is the main singer and guitar player - part of the countercultural movement in the 70s
Who gave us the rock opertomie
The Who
The Who
The Who had an over the top guitar player = Pete Townsend à Formed in 1964, started releasing singles in 66 à Roger Daltrey = diminutive in size à John Entwistle is the equivalent to John Paul Jones à Keith Moon popularized using 2 kick drums = sounds like thunder à Keith Moon knew he was an alcoholic (OD) à Pete Townsend and his signature windmill maneuver = hurt and cut his hand in the process (cheese slicer) à Keith would load explosives in his drums The Who known for only being able to release solid individual songs, just writing singles à then wrote the album "Tommy" = concept album = like chapter book ✖ Merged Rock (the movement) and Rock (the art form) · ✖ Group formed in 1964-began to chart in England the following year · ✖ Early hits include "My Generation" and "Substitute" - both from 1966 · ✖ Members were Roger Daltrey (vocals), Pete Townsend (guitar), John Entwhistle (bass), and Keith Moon (drums) · ✖ The Who's real reputation was of a singles band (could write a good three minute song but lacked staying power) o + This changed with the release of the "rock opera" Tommy in 1969 · ✖ The album Tommy does have a plot which makes it a concept album o + It deals with themes of murder, trauma, sex, drugs, religion, death, and betrayal o + Tommy was an amazing blend of both artsy rock and hard rock § × They repeat this blend with songs such as "See me, Feel me" from § ∗ Who's Next of 1971
Concept Album
an album where all the songs are meant to tell a story that goes from one song to the next just like a person writing a novel and each chapter carries on the story
Percy Sledge
and slow soul = When A Man Loves A Woman
Frank Zappa (and the Mothers of Invention):
anti-musician of the group, thought rock and roll was ridiculous, treated his music with a high degree of sarcasm à had freak out and screens on stage (beginnings of screens on stage) à took a satirical approach to rock that poked fun at most of the existing styles à very difficult to characterize because it draws on so many influences from American roots to Classical music, Dylan to 20th Century French/American avant-garde · ✖ Zappa was also a pioneer of jazz-rock fusion and worked with the Jazz violinist Jean Luc Ponte · ✖ An example of Zappa satire is the 1967 album We are only in it for the Money · ✖ A sample of Zappa's music from that album is "What's the Ugliest Part of Your Body?"
Art Rock
has art in the title and existing Western European musical history of heightened Mozart/Beethoven - music for music's sake alone à very complicated, musical cues from music of the baroque classical era, music quite complicated and notey à music for the thinking person elevated rock from teen entertainment to artistic statement-often draws on reworking "classical" music + Is often distinguished by use of electronic instruments and effects
Change from folk to rock-1965
immersed in Acid culture a change from folk to electronic style of song
Jam Band
instead of playing song from beginning to end, they play the song and part way through it people will take solos and then they don't stop the song they just morph into the next song à solos are like jazz and they will be different every time you hear them
Velvet Underground
is run by Lou Reed : Lou takes music making very seriously à New York Art Scene, heroin addiction à NY gave dark idea of Rock and Roll
Aretha Franklin
known as the godmother to soul à queen of soul : started making records in the 60s and famous throughout even 80s, never really left the soul sound à could make you cry and dance in the same song Aretha Franklin was revered as the "Queen of Soul" she was neither a man nor a Southerner · • While there were few female soul singers, one of the greatest regardless of gender was Aretha Franklin · • On this song she sings with directness and immediacy · • Her voice is filled with subtle nuance, effortless range, and emotion · • Most of Aretha's hits explore love and heartbreak-these songs tend to be slow · • However, some of her most famous songs are fast soul like "Respect"
What are the features of early heavy metal?
loud distorted guitars, emphatic rhythms, dense bass-and-drum sound, and vigorous vocals
British Blues Revival
mid 60s à Second blues revival started in the UK = going on tour and hiring local musicians (Richie Blackmore)
Andy Warhol
most known record = The Velvet Underground with Nico = the album art was done by Andy Warhol (white background with a painting of a yellow banana) à The Underground got their start with the help of Warhol
Janis Joplin (Big Bro. and the Holding Co.
moved to California in 1965 and began performing with a local blues band called Big Brother and the Holding Company
Freak Outs
multi-media rock shows à Zappa called concerts freak outs, experienced mix media, having screens and images shown on stage (before was not common)
The Role of the Producer:
oversee the entire recoding process from basic recording, to overdubbing additional parts, and mixing à A problem with the democratic band was the producer · With the changes of the early 1960s the producer gradually gained a more and more active role · Producers had been around since the beginning, but now they began to exhibit a degree of creative control Often the producer controlled the way a song sounded when it was recorded and some even wrote songs
Rock Opera
performance type of songs Tommy turned into a rock opera, with costumes and everything else, but just an idea à very melancholy
Power Chord
power chords-three note chord that uses the root, fifth, and octave (with no third)
use of strange meters
produce a different sound and achieve a different effect in the style of their music
Marvin Gaye
songwriter, singer, had his own band, multivoice outfits, solo singer with guys in the background à 2 phases of his life: early life on the label and then jumped off the label and had a solo career à after left Berry Gordy got on drugs moved in with parents, father shot him with the fight, died at 44 by the hand of his own father
Influenced by Dylan
started as a folkie à private figure à very obtuse and vague about his life à he doesn't want to interpret things for people rather wants people to interpret them for themselves
Kingsmen "Louie, Louie"
the first "world famous Rock and Roll song" à had a one hit wonder song but it was a huge hit
Jean Luc Ponte/Jazz Violinist
there were a jazz violinist who worked with Zappa
16 beat
very danceable rhythm, a lot of Motown music made with this style, getting up and moving
Deadheads
very loyal and would follow the band from show to show à very loyal to the grateful dead
Queen of Soul
Aretha Franklin
Tommy 1969
+ Tommy was an amazing blend of both artsy rock and hard rock § × They repeat this blend with songs such as "See me, Feel me" from § ∗ Who's Next of 1971
Who was Ziggy Stardust
David Bowie
Chubby Checker (singer of dance songs)
"The Twist" - a song about dance itself à Ernest Evans (real name) - serviceable singer, handsome guy, good enough singer, allied with Dick Clark (American Bandstand) à The Twist: a song about a dance à one hit wonder
Identify Soul Singers
(all in the south) Otis Redding, Aretha Franklin, James Brown, Wilson Pickett, Janis Joplin
Beatlemania
62/64 and the invasion that comes to the US à kind of cultural hysteria that sociologists have yet to explain fully, and there are Stones' fans who refuse to hear even the slightest criticism of their heroes
Yes
: prog rockers (progressive rockers) - music that is very complicated à tape interference and played that tape backwards = Roundabout ✖ Yes was formed in 1968 by Jon Anderson and Chris Squire · ✖ First two albums both came out in 1972: Fragile and Closer to the Edge · ✖ Their compositional approach fits with the definition of Progressive Rock
Jim Morrison
: treated his lyrics like poetry in his songs long passages of prose that allude to a childhood that was spent in a strange household and often talks of drug use Velvet Underground is run by Lou Reed : Lou takes music making very seriously à New York Art Scene, heroin addiction
Who was the singer born Robert Zimmerman?
Bob Dylan
Who was the leader of Beach Boys, that was their songwriter and bass player
Brian Wilson
Beach Boys-led by Brian Wilson
Brian Wilson main dude who played bass, wrote lyrics, and most of the songs, father became manager, 3 boys in the band à endless summer sound, having a good time à Brian sings the verses à high male harmony was their significant trade à cousin sings verses and the others are high male harmonies à Brian had an enormous amount of pressure on him, drummer drowned à Mike Love is their cousin à Al Jardine friend from HS · With the rise of the Beach Boys the west coast gets into the mix · During the early 1960s, rock and roll became part of a new subculture of southern California surfers · This was born out in the music of bands like the Surfaris, the Ventures, Jan and Dean, and Dick Dale · The most high profile band coming out of southern California at this time were the Beach Boys · On top of the Berry foundation, the Beach Boys layered jazz-influenced vocals, and this was all glued together through Brian Wilson's imagination · Although the lyrics are basic, the underlying harmonies are complex, the key changes are frequent and remote, the vocals are often in tight harmony, and there is use of changing time and changing textures · It is much more sophisticated than one might think · This sophistication was largely due to Brian Wilson who was the principle song writer, bass player, producer, and one of the singers
David Bowie
David Bowie (given names - Davy Jones) (walked in the music style of Folkie) à reinvented himself and took the last name Bowie which thought sounded tuff because of the knife à on stage persona of Ziggy Stardust (lightning bolt going across his face) à after this became known as the Thin White Duke David Bowie to be pre-punk style of music ✖ David Bowie, born David Jones, began his career in the 1960s as a British folksinger · ✖ In 1972 he announced that he was gay and launched into the "Ziggy Startdust" era of his career · ✖ He released an album and toured a stage show called The Rise and Fall of Ziggy Stardust and the Spiders from Mars ✖ An example of this type of music is the song Hang on to Yourself:
Glitter Rock
David Bowie à alternative to mainstream music by expressing their own individuality, portraying androgynous stage characters, with little thought for mainstream commercial success
Ziggy Stardust
David Bowie's on-stage persona = on stage persona of Ziggy Stardust (lightning bolt going across his face) à after this became known as the Thin White Duke
Pink Floyd
David Gilmore, Roger Waters, and Richard Write, Nick Mason à original idea of a guy named Syd Barrett (started the band) - late 60s psychedelia à Syd had a lot of acid and left the band and then David Gilmore came into play Most of the output from Pink Floyd are concept albums : very complicated, very dark themes, complicated à got their name from Delta Blues Men (recognizing the importance of American roots music in the blues) : name themselves after these two figures à wanted you to listen to their music very complicatedly, don't do anything else when listening to their music Money : Pink Floyd : Art Rock à talking about excess, more money than what you know to do with Pink Floyd: complicated music with a lot of meaning all written in concept album fashion à split up because Gilmore and Waters were both good songwriters and eventually split up
Who are the early surf rock bands?
Dick Dale, Surfaris, the Ventures, Jan and Dean
American Blues Revival
Four key trends in the 1970s were: o US blues revival o Development of an America sound § Led by the Dead, CCR, and the Band o Southern Rock o Country Rock
Stax Records/Memphis
Influential in this mix was Stax Records, which was based in Memphis o ◦ Became the home of southern soul in the 60s · • Stax is an acronym for Stewart and Axton (Jim Stewart and Estelle Axton started the label) · • Stax was set up similarly to Motown (the pyramid)-but, the Stax sound was more of a collective effort, also the Stax musicians did not play from pre-written arrangements instead they wrote the music as a group in the studio • Steward and Axton (who were a white brother and sister team) employed producer Al Bell and a stable of songwriters including Isaac Hayes
Who is the singer for Big Brother and the Holding Company
Janis Joplin
Remember the 3 "J" named people that died in 70/71
Janis Joplin Jimi Hendrix Jim Morrison
-band members of the Grateful Dead
Jerry Garcia is main singer, Bob and Phil Lesh, more than one drummer = Mickey Hart and Bill Crewman (when someone solos someone still has to be playing the drum part)
Who led The Experiences
Jimi Hendrix
Jimi Hendrix (Experience)-guitar burning
Jimi Hendrix Experience. The group was an immediate success, scoring several major hits on the British charts ("Hey Joe," "Purple Haze," and "The Wind Cries Mary"). In those early days, Hendrix played a heavy dose of blues, some soul songs, and a few originals. He had begun to experiment with feedback, fuzz tone, and other electronically generated or modified sounds.
Who was the guitars for Led Zeppelin
Jimmy Page
use of viola
John Cale = unique because he is the only viola player that we study à viola is a distinct NON rock and roll instrument
What city was Stax Records in?
Memphis, TN
Miracles, Shirelles, Drifters
Motown Sound à singers being fed songs from the label, also being told how to act, what to wear, their personas (The Miracles were all men?) à The Shirelles: all girl group à introduces us to pop song form AABA The Drifters: all male group The Shirelles and The Drifters were contrived bands, worked for major labels that feeded them the songs, not really songwriters, multiple singers, more like do wop rhythm à The Drifters, one lead singer and then backup singers (3), just like The Shirelles, people in the back aren't super important figures, just wanting to see the singers à setting up for Motown Soul (alabama) Sound (in Georgia) The Shirelles · Their song "Will You Love Me Tomorrow" epitomized the new black popular style-it was a #1 hit in 1960 · Uses plain and direct language-this sets the stage for the realism of the later 1960s · Uses pop song form AABA · The song was written by Carole King & and her first husband Gerry Goffin The Drifters · As popular as the Shirelles in the early 1960s · They were also a black group who sang in the new pop style · However, the Drifters were all male and were older and more experienced than the Shirelles · Two signature songs are "Save the Last Dance for Me" and "On Broadway"
hot/cool vocal quality
New Metal: (Linkin Park : approached hot n cold style with one person talking the lyrics and then the other screaming them (2 people)) = hot n cold approach (talking lyrics then screaming them) The Doors did reconstitute later with a guy named Ian Astbury à they always left a meal for Jim 1 because he was always late 2 because he died but was still part of the band
Chris Kenner
New Orleans Rock and Roll Style - "I Like It Like That"
Dick Dale
One of the first performers to become associated with the surfing subculture and the Del-Tones
Chocked Guitar
One of these percussive sounds was the "chocked guitar" which was used by James Brown's guitarists' onward-acts more as a rhythmic sound, more than a melodic part
Solo-oriented Rock
Solo acts increased exponentially in the 1960s · ● They still drew heavily on the blues, but did so in a less band-oriented manner · ● Solo artists of the time included: Eric Clapton and Jimi Hendrix
Soul and Motown are different places
Soul - South Motown - located in Detroit
Sam and Dave
Soul Man (fast soul) = sung by Sam and Dave but written by Isaac Hayes?
Surfaris
Southern California surfers type style of band
The Grateful Dead
THE counter culture band, hippie style, doesn't conform to what we expect, right like 10 minute songs, so not really on radio à not great commercial success but enormous touring success, every year they would tour all summer Jerry Garcia is main singer, Bob and Phil Lesh, more than one drummer = Mickey Hart and Bill Crewman (when someone solos someone still has to be playing the drum part) à jam band
Creedence Clearwater Revival
The band consisted of John Fogerty (lead guitar), Tom Forgerty (rhythm guitar), Stu Cook (bass), Doug Clifford (drums) actually from west coast, music references American South East and talks about places such as Mississippi River or Memphis and what it's like to live in the rural American South à music has a Cajun, swamp boogie style = west coast roots and American South style mixed to form their style of music à talking about going up and down the Mississippi river
Folk Reviva
The folk revival had a short lifespan beginning in 1958 and ending in 1965 - there was a second revival with a harmonica
Satirical singer that also had freak-outs in his shows?
Zappa
Musical satire/dark humor
Zappa took a sarcastic approach to his music style
Nico
a singer that sang lead in some of The Velvet Undergrounds' songs
Motown- Berry Gordy
a vision of creating a popular black music style that had crossover appeal à 1970 Berry Gordy = runs the Motown label/ran the Motown label picked up Motown and moved to California he completely destabilized the label, people weren't renewing their contracts à the triangle of Berry Gordy at the top à made loads of money but off the backs of other musicians
Otis Redding (died in plane crash
died young, in a plane crash in Washington - Dec. 10, 1967 died in plane crash à Dock of the Bay = opening of the song actually uses a recording of waves lapping up against the side of a doc so naturally recorded sound or sounds from nature & instead of the part of the song where there is an instrumental break he whistles à will call this slow soul à Otis Redding was the king of southern soul singers à Got his start as a backup singer for Little Richard àGot signed to a solo deal with Atlantic Records and released a string of hits
Soul/MLK Jr.
directly tied to the soul sound à The soul sound was centered in two cities Memphis, Tennessee and Muscle Shoals, Alabama à was built on the rock and roll influence
Hard Rock
distorted guitar, stronger beats, rougher vocals, and a more aggressive attitude - guitar driven à ● This rougher edged style is called Hard Rock à ● An aspect of hard rock is the use of power chords-three note chord that uses the root, fifth, and octave (with no third)
The Rolling Stones
far more cosmopolitan à wanted to be anti-beatles à One of the most notorious, longest lasting, and influential of the British Invasion Blues-based bands · ● The Rolling Stones got their start in Dartford, England where Jaggar and Richards grew up · ● The band officially formed in 1962 · ● Their first hit came in 1963 with "Satisfaction" · ● The Stones cultivated a "bad boy" image this was done to separate them from the Beatles · ● This is obvious in their sound-it is nasty and there is no sentimentality in it at all
James Brown & the Famous Flames
was known as the hardest working man in show business = sing and dance / working up a sweat the whole time and he gets tired and fatigued - had this coat thing that he would throw and quickly return to stage and then go off - like Chuck Berry's duck walk à "The Godfather of Soul" · • However, in 1965, Brown released "Papa's Got a Brand New Bag" and brought out a new soul sound (the song is about the "new bag" or sound) · • It is stripped of all none essential elements leaving only short vocal riffs, short horn riffs, a baritone sax playing only a single note, a guitar chord on the backbeats, limited bass playing, the drummer plays an 8-beat rock rhythm · • In 1967, Brown went a step further with "Cold Sweat"-the music is still riff based layers over light timekeeping on the drum set o ◦ However, there is virtually no harmonic movement/chord changing · • He also makes use of the new "choked guitar" sound which makes the guitar a percussive rhythm instrument · • The contributions that James Brown made to music in the 1960s paved the way for the next big black style Funk—this influence also extended into later styles such as Rap
Rock-based Pop
· Black music was the most significant new music to emerge in the early 1960s-both commercially and musically · The sound was fronted by groups such as: The Shirelles, The Drifters, The Miracles, and Martha and the Vandellas The new Pop-Rock mix had much in common with Doo wop
Roy Orbison
· Monument Records, always work all black and sunglasses, critically acclaimed voice, inside out verse/chorus à write many successful songs and built own reputation, style didn't change with the time à The Traveling Wilburys were a contrived supergroup (already all famous) à Roy Orbison, George Harrison, Bob Dylan, Tom Petty, Jeff Lynne à Moved to Tennessee in 1956 and met most of the important first generation Rock and Rollers · Roy signed with Monument Records and met Fred Foster · Foster became his producer and helped to establish the orchestral sound Roy's masterpiece "Pretty Woman" from 1964, the song is a trailblazer for the 1960s
Eric Clapton
● Eric Clapton and Hendrix are often referred to as Guitar Gods-because their playing is so far ahead of their peers · ● Clapton played for the the Yardbirds (quit when they abandon blues for psychedelia), John Mayall's Bluesbreakers, and formed Cream in 1966 with Jack Bruce and Ginger Baker (a power trio-no rhythm guitarist) · ● Clapton was the first major rock performer to play extended, improvised solos
Progressive Rock
✖ True progressive rock requires the use adapting classical music practices to Rock music · ✖ Bands that fit this mold are Emerson, Lake, and Palmer; Genesis (early); Jethro Tull; and Yes
