music part 4: classical
4-movement genres
(fast-slow-dance-fast) -symphony -string quartet
3-movement genres
(fast-slow-fast) -sonata -concerto
Composer would use to vary the main theme in a theme-and-variations movement?
-Change in texture -Change the dynamics -Alter the harmony -Change from major to minor or vice versa
Describe mood in classical era, particularly in contrast to baroque music?
-Classical music fluctuated from dramatic to carefree moods- -A classical era movement can have contrasts within a theme
Typical practices for composers of the classical era?
-Contrast themes vividly -Have the music pause to signal the entrance of a new theme -Use two or more themes in one movement
Characteristics of melody in the classical era
-Easy to remember -Folk or popular in style -Tuneful
What does the exposition in the sonata form do?
-Sets up a strong conflict between tonic key and the new key -Shows conflict between groups of themes
How did the middle class public of the classical era enjoy music?
-They paid for music lessons for family members -They bought tickets to public concerts of symphonies and concertos -They purchased instruments and printed music for use in home
dynamics
-emotions expressed in shades of dynamics -gradual dynamic changes
melody
-tuneful, easy to remember -composers borrowed popular tunes
How many symphonies did Haydn write?
104
What is a countermelody?
A second melody that is played simultaneously with the original melody
What is one crucial difference about how the first theme, bridge, second theme, and concluding section are presented in the recapitulation?
All principle material is now on the tonic key
What is the most important aspect of the recapitulation in the sonata form?
All the important material such as the second theme are in the tonic key
Haydn was born in
Austria
Where was Mozart born?
Austria
Pioneers of the new preclassical period, or style galant
Bach's sons
Which of the following were the standard groups of instruments of orchestra of haydn or mozart?
Brass Strings Woodwinds
Where was Beethoven born?
Germany
three main composers
Haydn, Mozart, Beethoven
What is the function of a coda?
It rounds off the movement by repeating themes or developing them further
What are motives?
Short musical ideas
The preclassical style and eventual classical one developed as a reaction of what?
The complexity of baroque works
How does Mozart contrast the first and second theme of the first movement of his symphony no. 40?
The first theme is agitated and in minor, the second is lyrical and in major.
Describe the balance and symmetry in a typical melody of the classical era having the form aa?
Two phases of the same length, one with an inconclusive ending followed by a similar one with a conclusive ending
What instruments make up a string quartet?
Two violins, one viola, one cello
Flexibility of rhythm adds ______ to classical music
Variety
musical capital of europe
Vienna
what does requiem mean?
a mass of the dead
what does a classical concerto begin with
a movement in sonata form with two expositions
what gave haydn's surprise symphony its nickname?
a very loud, unexpected chord in an otherwise soft theme
sonata rondo form uses
aba
minuet and trio
aba form
which musician went deaf?
beethoven
contrasts of mood
between and within movements
a stock character who knows all the secrets and often makes trouble, sometimes talks directly to the audience
buffa
break near end of 1st and sometimes last movement
cadenza
the part in a concerto where the soloist plays without the orchestra and shows the performer's virtuosity is known as the _____________
cadenza
some of mozart's greatest works are his
concertos
chamber music
designed for the intimate setting of a room in a home or palace, rather than for a public concert hall
which description applies to the theme-and-variations form of the classical period?
each variation is usually about the same length as the theme
haydn's period
early and mid-classical
basso continuo
ended in this era
Beethoven only opera
fidelio
rhythm
flexible. multiple rhythmic patterns for variety
string quartet consists of ________ movements: __________
four; fast, slow, minuet, fast
orchestra size
increased; standard group of 4 sections
what can be said about haydn's trumpet concerto in e'flat major?
it was forgotten for more than a hundred years after its premiere
beethoven's period
late classical
mozart's requiem in d major was _______ at the time of his death
left unfinished
complex plots, many characters, twists, and turns
libretto
texture
mostly homophonic, but w/ frequent shifts
who was among the most versatile of composers?
mozart
The key that comes in the bridge or transition to the second theme is typically_____
new
in a concerto, the _________ plays the beginning of the first movement
orchestra
classical symphony (genre) movements
page 11 chart
sonata form chart
page 13
the form of the third movement of beethoven's fifth symphony is not the traditional minuet but a _________
scherzo
in a concerto, the ___________ is the star
soloist
most important setting
string quartet (2 violins, viola, cello)
most important family of orchestra
strings; violins taking the melody
wrote final pieces while
totally deaf
minuet is always in ________ meter
triple