music part 4: classical

4-movement genres

(fast-slow-dance-fast) -symphony -string quartet

3-movement genres

(fast-slow-fast) -sonata -concerto

Composer would use to vary the main theme in a theme-and-variations movement?

-Change in texture -Change the dynamics -Alter the harmony -Change from major to minor or vice versa

Describe mood in classical era, particularly in contrast to baroque music?

-Classical music fluctuated from dramatic to carefree moods- -A classical era movement can have contrasts within a theme

Typical practices for composers of the classical era?

-Contrast themes vividly -Have the music pause to signal the entrance of a new theme -Use two or more themes in one movement

Characteristics of melody in the classical era

-Easy to remember -Folk or popular in style -Tuneful

What does the exposition in the sonata form do?

-Sets up a strong conflict between tonic key and the new key -Shows conflict between groups of themes

How did the middle class public of the classical era enjoy music?

-They paid for music lessons for family members -They bought tickets to public concerts of symphonies and concertos -They purchased instruments and printed music for use in home

dynamics

-emotions expressed in shades of dynamics -gradual dynamic changes

melody

-tuneful, easy to remember -composers borrowed popular tunes

How many symphonies did Haydn write?

104

What is a countermelody?

A second melody that is played simultaneously with the original melody

What is one crucial difference about how the first theme, bridge, second theme, and concluding section are presented in the recapitulation?

All principle material is now on the tonic key

What is the most important aspect of the recapitulation in the sonata form?

All the important material such as the second theme are in the tonic key

Haydn was born in

Austria

Where was Mozart born?

Austria

Pioneers of the new preclassical period, or style galant

Bach's sons

Which of the following were the standard groups of instruments of orchestra of haydn or mozart?

Brass Strings Woodwinds

Where was Beethoven born?

Germany

three main composers

Haydn, Mozart, Beethoven

What is the function of a coda?

It rounds off the movement by repeating themes or developing them further

What are motives?

Short musical ideas

The preclassical style and eventual classical one developed as a reaction of what?

The complexity of baroque works

How does Mozart contrast the first and second theme of the first movement of his symphony no. 40?

The first theme is agitated and in minor, the second is lyrical and in major.

Describe the balance and symmetry in a typical melody of the classical era having the form aa?

Two phases of the same length, one with an inconclusive ending followed by a similar one with a conclusive ending

What instruments make up a string quartet?

Two violins, one viola, one cello

Flexibility of rhythm adds ______ to classical music

Variety

musical capital of europe

Vienna

what does requiem mean?

a mass of the dead

what does a classical concerto begin with

a movement in sonata form with two expositions

what gave haydn's surprise symphony its nickname?

a very loud, unexpected chord in an otherwise soft theme

sonata rondo form uses

aba

minuet and trio

aba form

which musician went deaf?

beethoven

contrasts of mood

between and within movements

a stock character who knows all the secrets and often makes trouble, sometimes talks directly to the audience

buffa

break near end of 1st and sometimes last movement

cadenza

the part in a concerto where the soloist plays without the orchestra and shows the performer's virtuosity is known as the _____________

cadenza

some of mozart's greatest works are his

concertos

chamber music

designed for the intimate setting of a room in a home or palace, rather than for a public concert hall

which description applies to the theme-and-variations form of the classical period?

each variation is usually about the same length as the theme

haydn's period

early and mid-classical

basso continuo

ended in this era

Beethoven only opera

fidelio

rhythm

flexible. multiple rhythmic patterns for variety

string quartet consists of ________ movements: __________

four; fast, slow, minuet, fast

orchestra size

increased; standard group of 4 sections

what can be said about haydn's trumpet concerto in e'flat major?

it was forgotten for more than a hundred years after its premiere

beethoven's period

late classical

mozart's requiem in d major was _______ at the time of his death

left unfinished

complex plots, many characters, twists, and turns

libretto

texture

mostly homophonic, but w/ frequent shifts

who was among the most versatile of composers?

mozart

The key that comes in the bridge or transition to the second theme is typically_____

new

in a concerto, the _________ plays the beginning of the first movement

orchestra

classical symphony (genre) movements

page 11 chart

sonata form chart

page 13

the form of the third movement of beethoven's fifth symphony is not the traditional minuet but a _________

scherzo

in a concerto, the ___________ is the star

soloist

most important setting

string quartet (2 violins, viola, cello)

most important family of orchestra

strings; violins taking the melody

wrote final pieces while

totally deaf

minuet is always in ________ meter

triple