Mutations

removes a nucleotide, changing all amino acids after the deletion.

Deletion (frameshift)

_________________ are changes in one base in a gene. These can have significant impact on the phenotype of an organism and results in many diseases that we observe today! Examples of point mutations are: 1. 2.

Point mutations, substitution mutations, nonsense mutations

Mutations in the bases of a gene changes the instructions on how to make the protein. Ultimately the ___________ __________ ____________ of the protein encoded by the gene can possibly be changed.

amino acid sequence

A silent mutation is considered "silent" or not noticed because? a. An amino acid is changed to another b. Mutated sequence codes for same amino acid c. Results in a STOP codon

b

These kind of mutations results in the insertion or deletion of nucleotides. Addition or removal of nucleotides that are not multiple of three have a greater effect.

frameshift mutation

adds a nucleotide, changing all amino acids after the insertion.

insertion (frameshift)

A ______________ is a permanent change in the base sequence of a gene.

mutation

A single nucleotide change results in a STOP codon. This results in a shorter protein.

nonsense mutation

Mutation causes a base change that causes a codon that used to code for an amino acid to now code for a stop signal. in other words, the mutated sequence codes for a stop signal instead of the typical amino acid.

nonsense mutation

What determines the function of a protein?

shape

In a _________ _________ the changed sequence codes for the same amino acid.

silent mutation

Some mutations cause a single nucleotide base (A,T, C or G) to change. However, this change results in the same amino acid to be coded for!

silent mutation

Some mutations cause a single nucleotide base (A,T, C or G) to change. However, this change results in a new amino acid to be coded for! In other words, it changes in DNA bases causes one amino acid to a brand new one.

substitution (missense) mutation

are mutations permanent?

yes

Which type of mutation results in a STOP codon, resulting in the production of a protein to end earlier? a. Nonsense Mutation b. Frameshift Mutation c. Silent Mutation

a

Which type of mutation results in a shorter protein? a. Nonsense Mutation b. Frameshift Mutation c. Substitution Mutation d. Silent Mutation

a