Nail structure disorders diseases

What are the characteristics of a normal healthy nail

Firm and flexible

The growth of the nail plate is affected but all of the following except

Genes

Which type of disorder is associated with damaged skin around the nail plate that becomes split or torn

Hangnails

A _____ is a tough band of fibrous tissue that connects bones or holds an organ in place

ligament

What part of the natural nail unit protects the tops of the fingers and toes

Nail plate

What is the average rate of the nail plate growth in normal adults per month

1/10" to 1/8" per month

What is the water content of a healthy nail

15%-25%

The nail plate has approximately how many layers

50

How long does it take for toenail plates to be fully replaced

9 to 12 months

Which of the following disorders is associated with depression running across the width of the nail plate due to a slowing production of matrix cells which causes the nail plate to grow thinner and is usually the result of serious illness or injury

Beau's lines

Which of the following is used to enhance the appearance of an individual

Beauty service

Which of the following disorders is associated with dark purplish spots usually due to a small injury to the nail bed

Bruised nail bed

Which of the following groups of people would have the fastest growing nails

Children

Nail technicians are governed under

Cosmetology

Cuticle moisturizers are designed for all except

Cuticle

What can affect the shape or thickness of the nail plate

Damage to the matrix will affect the shape and thickness of the nail plate

Which of the following disorders is associated with the nail turning a variety of colors which may indicate surface staining a systemic disorder or poor blood circulation

Discolored mail

Which of the following disorders is associated with a noticeably thin white nail plate that is more flexible than normal and is usually caused by improper diet heredity internal disease medication or overfilling with an abrasive

Eggshell nail

The _____ is the part of the nail plate that extends over the tip of the finger or toe

Free edge

Why must the hyponychium be treated gently

If the hyponychium is damaged and infection under the nail plate is possible

During which scenario do nail growth rates increase dramatically

Last trimester of pregnancy

Which type of disorder is associated with whitish spots of discoloration of the nails and is usually caused by minor injury of the matrix

Leukonychia

Which type of disorder is associated with significant darkening of the fingernails or toenails caused by increase pigment cells

Melanonychia

Which nail grows faster

Middle

What type of disorder is associated with nail surface pitting roughness onycholysis and bed discoloration

Nail psoriasis

The ________ is the hard protective plate that protects the tips of the fingers or toes

Natural nail

Which type of glove is recommended for nail techs

Nitrile

How would you recommend a person make his or her nail plate grow thicker

Nothing can make a nail plate grow thicker

The _____ is composed mainly of keratin

Onyx

The natural nail itself is technically referred to as the

Onyx

Which of the following diseases is associated with bacterial inflammation of the tissue around the nail plate causing pus swelling and redness

Paronychia

Which of the following would be considered a medical condition that should be seen by a physician and not a nail tech

Paronychia

What type of nail disorder is associated with dramatically increased nail curvature of the free edge where it might curl in upon itself

Pincer nail

Phyllis is a nail tech who has recently moved to Cali during her interview she describes how her many years of work at another spa have made her well suited for this new position when asked to describe the services she performed phylis briefly mentions waxing in conversation why would that surprise Phyllis interviewer

Spas don't typically remover by waxing

What type of disorder is associated with damage to the capillaries under the nail

Splinter hemorrhage

The scope of practice for a nail tech is found under

Summary

During what time of the year do nail plates grow fastest

Summer

What helps guide the nail plate along the nail bed as it grows

The epithelium

Nails are part of ______

The integumentary system

How would you compare the relationship between the matrix and the plate

The length width and curvature of the matrix determine the thickness width and curvature of the plate

What is the relationship between water content and the nail

The lower water content the more rigid the nail becomes

The proximal nail fold is the entire flap of skin that covers what

The matrix

Angela is training to be a nail technician while she is working on a client her manager stops her because she's about to clip too close to the eponychium what might Angela have confused the eponychium for

The nail cuticle

The lateral nail fold is also known as

The sidewall

The natural nail unit is which part of the nail

The tip to the first knuckle

Which of the following diseases is associated with fungal infections of the feet or athletes foot

Tinea pedis

What would you say to someone who says that because something is not specifically prohibited it is allowed

You can only perform what is on your license and what the salon lets you

Which of the following is not considered one of the reasons that nail techs must differentiate between healthy and unhealthy clients nails

You must be able to identify conditions that are affected by the weather conditions and humidity

What is the slightly thickened layer of skin that lies between the fingertip and the free edge of the nail plate

hyponychium

What is the visible part of the matrix that extends from underneath the living skin

lunula