National Board Exam Study Guide - Science

Signs of death exhibited by the eyes of the deceased include: 1. clouding of the cornea and flattening of the eyeball 2. loss of luster of the conjunctiva 3. pupil dilation and non-response to light 4. discoloration of the iris A. 1, 2 and 3 B. 1, 2 and 4 C. 1, 3 and 4 D. 2, 3 and 4

A. 1, 2 and 3

Which of the following are properties of formaldehyde? 1. It is a colorless gas 2. It is quite soluble in water 3. It combines with water to form methylene glycol 4. It is easily oxidized to form acetic acid A. 1, 2 and 3 B. 1, 2 and 4 C. 1, 3 and 4 D. 2, 3 and 4

A. 1, 2 and 3

A substance that is capable of bringing about a reduction in the surface tension of a fluid is: A. a surfactant B. a buffer C. a humectant D. an acid

A. a surfactant

The eyelids in natural response: A. abut, do not overlap B. are round resembling a marble C. are raised above the check surface D. have the line of closure in superior third of eyesocket

A. abut, do not overlap

According to OSHA, the proper way to neutralize a formaldehyde spill is to: A. add ammonia, then wipe up B. dilute with water C. clean up with soap and water D. use a wet vacuum

A. add ammonia, then wipe up

This embalming method consists of injecting a few ounces of arterial chemical, stopping injection, then draining for a few minutes, and then repeating the process: A. alternate B. concurrent C. continuous D. intermittent

A. alternate

Severe generalized edema is known as: A. anasarca B. ascites C. hydrocele D. hypostasis

A. anasarca

A substance that induces the formation of antibodies that interact specifically with it is a(n): A. antigen B. lysozyme C. interferon D. gastric juice

A. antigen

The comparison of the two sides of the face to observe the similarities and differences is referred to as: A. bilateral B. inversion C. triangular D. asymmetrical

A. bilateral

The irreversible cessation of all vital functions is: A. death B. syncope C. autolysis D. dehydration

A. death

When used in arterial formulations eosine, ponceau red, and erythrosine are examples of: A. dyes B. buffers C. vehicles D. deodorants

A. dyes

A local or generalized condition in which the body tissues contain an excessive amount of tissue fluid is called: A. edema B. ischemia C. gangrene D. hyperemia

A. edema

A process of chemically treating the dead human body to reduce the presence and growth of microorganisms, to retard organic decomposition, and to restore and acceptable physical appearance is: A. embalming B. refrigeration C. restorative art D. funeral directing

A. embalming

An inflammatory condition related to the nervous system is: A. general sepsis B. hydronephrosis C. puerperal sepsis D. encephalosclerosis

A. general sepsis

Chemicals that create an increased capability for embalmed tissues to retain their moisture are called: A. humectants B. buffers C. surfactants D. anti-coagulants

A. humectants

Content normally aspirated from the stomach: A. hydrochloric acid B. bile C. urine D. ammonia

A. hydrochloric acid

The best method of repair for a dehydrated hand is: A. hypodermic injection of tissue builder B. topical application of embalming gel C. covering with surface wax D. application of opaque cosmetics

A. hypodermic injection of tissue builder

A line drawn or visualized on the surface of the skin to represent the approximate location of some more deeply lying structure is the: A. linear guide B. anatomical limit C. anatomical guide D. anatomical position

A. linear guide

The hand may be restored if missing or completely mutilated by: A. making a plaster cast B. covering with a sleeve C. wrapping the stump with bandage D. positioning so it is out of sight

A. making a plaster cast

A needle injector is used for this purpose: A. mouth closure B. aspiration C. arterial injection D. to close incisions

A. mouth closure

The width of the face is proportionally equal to the distance between the base of the nose and the: A. normal hairline B. base of the chin C. frontal eminences D. superior border of the chin

A. normal hairline

Inflammation of the testis due to trauma, metastasis, mumps or infection elsewhere in the body is called: A. orchitis B. arthritis C. prostatitis D. oophoritis

A. orchitis

Which of the following is one of the geometric head forms (frontal view)? A. oval B. convex C. vertical D. concave

A. oval

Phenol is used in embalming fluids as a: A. preservative B. humectant C. surfactant D. buffer

A. preservative

An artery raised to inject the upper extremity below the cubital fossa: A. radial B. axillary C. popliteal D. subclavian

A. radial

A characteristic of first degree burn is: A. redness B. blistering C. incrustation D. charred tissue

A. redness

A malignant tumor derived principally from connective tissue is a: A. sarcoma B. carcinoma C. leukemia D. myoma

A. sarcoma

A type of plastic undergarment: A. unionall B. catchall C. underall D. plasticalls

A. unionall

A minute organism not visible with an ordinary light microscope is a: A. virus B. fungi C. bacterial D. protozoa

A. virus

The chemical group that makes an alcohol molecule soluble in water and useful to the embalmer is: A. -NH3 B. -OH C. -CO3 D. -PO4

B. -OH

Rickettsia rickettsii is: 1. a tick-borne disease 2. a flea-borne disease 3. Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever 4. inclusion conjunctivitis A. 1 and 2 B. 1 and 3 C. 2 and 4 D. 3 and 4

B. 1 and 3

Which of the following conditions would be caused by a thrombus as evidenced during embalming? 1. diminished distribution 2. edema 3. intravascular resistance 4. atrophy A. 1 and 2 B. 1 and 3 C. 2 and 4 D. 3 and 4

B. 1 and 3

Which of the following conditions would require special attention during thoracic cavity embalming? 1. hydrothorax 2. ascites 3. hydropericardium 4. hydroperiteneum A. 1 and 2 B. 1 and 3 C. 2 and 4 D. 3 and 4

B. 1 and 3

Facial restoration is required due to trauma. Accurate dimensions for facial restoration can be established by means of: 1. a photograph 2. classic proportions 3. supplemental equalities 4. mathematical calculations A. 1, 2 and 3 B. 1, 2 and 4 C. 1, 3 and 4 D. 2, 3 and 4

B. 1, 2 and 4

Which of the following are generally involved in positioning of the ear? 1. zygomatic arch 2. mandibular fossa 3. mental protuberance 4. external auditory meatus A. 1, 2 and 3 B. 1, 2 and 4 C. 1, 3 and 4 D. 2, 3 and 4

B. 1, 2 and 4

The Formaldehyde Standard for short-term exposure to formaldehyde is: A. 1ppm/15 minutes B. 2 ppm/15 minutes C. 5 ppm/15 minutes D. 8 ppm/15 minutes

B. 2 ppm/15 minutes

How many ounces of formaldehyde are contained in a 16-ounce bottle of 25 index arterial fluid? A. 2 ounces B. 4 ounces C. 6 ounces D. 8 ounces

B. 4 ounces

The study of the circulatory system is also known as: A. histology B. angiology C. neurology D. psychology

B. angiology

Viruses are unaffected by the action of: A. antibodies B. antibiotics C. phagocytes D. interferon

B. antibiotics

A pacemaker should be removed if the body is going to be: A. buried B. cremated C. embalming D. shipped out-of-state

B. cremated

Re-aspirating of the body may become necessary in which of the following circumstances: A. before cremation B. during an extended visitation period C. before going to the cemetery D. after most funeral services

B. during an extended visitation period

A crevice in the skin accomplished by adjacent elevations: A. fold B. furrow C. dimple D. groove

B. furrow

Low index fluids used to inhibit bilirubin from turning to biliverdin are known as: A. humectants B. jaundice fluids C. co-injection fluids D. pre-injection fluids

B. jaundice fluids

Major or minor restoration can be: A. undertaken without permission B. legally described as mutilation C. started before asking next of kin D. described as swelling and discoloration

B. legally described as mutilation

An imaginary line drawn on the surface of the skin to represent the approximate location of some deeper underlying structure is the: A. trocar guide B. linear guide C. anatomical limit D. anatomical guide

B. linear guide

Re-odorants are used in embalming fluids as: A. wetting agents B. masking agents C. humectants D. disinfectants

B. masking agents

The determinative pigment of all races is: A. carotene B. melanin C. adenine D. cytosine

B. melanin

Polymerization of formaldehyde is inhibited by the addition of: A. distilled water B. methyl alcohol C. aluminum chloride D. magnesium chloride

B. methyl alcohol

A new and abnormal formation of tissue or growth is a(n): A. petechial B. neoplasm C. ischemia D. ecchymosis

B. neoplasm

In comparing cavity fluid to arterial fluid, the cavity fluid will have: A. a lower index B. no active dyes C. no modifying agents D. no surfactants or vehicles

B. no active dyes

Formaldehyde is an ingredient of embalming fluid used to: A. retain water B. preserve tissue C. prevent coagulation D. mask odors

B. preserve tissue

Proteolysis refers to decomposition of: A. fats B. proteins C. carbohydrates D. sugars

B. proteins

This is of value to the restorative artist associated with the three-quarter view photograph for restorative art purposes: A. accurately shows the length of the nose B. reveals the degree of fullness of the cheeks C. allows for comparison of the two sides of the face D. reveals surfaces lying at right angels to the source of illumination

B. reveals the degree of fullness of the cheeks

This muscle is found in the lower extremity: A. iliopsoas B. sartorius C. teres major D. deltoid

B. sartorius

A sharp cutting instrument used for making incisions is the: A. forceps B. scalpel C. hemostat D. seperator

B. scalpel

When preparing the deceased for visual identification which of the following tasks is included: A. aspirating B. setting features C. arterial embalming D. extensive reconstruction

B. setting features

These bones are located within the cranium: A. maxilla B. temporal C. nasal D. zygomatic

B. temporal

The original scientific standard of color is: A. hue B. the spectrum C. Newton's Law D. the pigment theory

B. the spectrum

The hue sequence pink, rose, cherry is indicative of red that has been: A. toned B. tinted C. shaded D. greyed

B. tinted

The buccinators muscle is also referred to as the: A. laughing muscle B. trumpeters muscle C. smile muscle D. frown muscle

B. trumpeters muscle

The anatomical guide that lies lateral to the tendon of the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle describes the: A. radial artery B. ulnar artery C. radial bone D. ulnar bone

B. ulnar artery

In positioning the body, the face should be tilted approximately this many degree to the right: A. 5 B. 10 C. 15 D. 30

C. 15

Which of the following are true of malignant neoplasms? 1. resembles the tissue of origin 2. grows by infiltration 3. causes tissue damage 4. grows by expansion A. 1 and 2 B. 1 and 4 C. 2 and 3 D. 3 and 4

C. 2 and 3

A general profile classification for the nose from the root to the tip? A. Asian B. Italian C. Grecian D. Egyptian

C. Grecian

Escape of blood serum from intravascular to an extravascular location immediately before death is: A. asepsis B. ascites C. agonal edema D. anasarca

C. agonal edema

Sodium citrate is used in embalming fluids as a(n): A. surfactant B. humectant C. anticoagulant D. preservative

C. anticoagulant

The consideration given to the dead body, prior to, during and after the embalming procedure is complete is: A. medication B. disinfection C. case analysis D. initial treatment

C. case analysis

A loss of function, either partial or complete, as that resulting from a blow or fall is termed as: A. contusion B. laceration C. concussion D. hemorrhage

C. concussion

The general procedure for effective hypodermic tissue building is: A. the injection of deep tissues B. direct injection of the concavity C. directing needle to the most distant point D. subcutaneous injection of thick massage cream

C. directing needle to the most distant point

Inflammation of the lining membrane of the heart is called: A. ischemia B. myocarditis C. endocarditis D. pericarditis

C. endocarditis

The causative organism in amebic dysentery: A. plasmodium malaria B. pheumocystis carinii C. entamoeba histolytica D. clostridium perfringens

C. entamoeba histolytica

Discoloration resulting when formaldehyde reacts with hemoglobin in the tissues is called: A. biliverdin B. pigmentation C. formaldehyde grey D. icterus

C. formaldehyde grey

A 40% by volume solution of formaldehyde is called: A. methanol B. ethanol C. formalin D. tincture

C. formalin

Another name for pleural effusion is: A. ascites B. hydrocele C. hydrothorax D. hydropericardium

C. hydrothorax

Tissue reaction to injury is called: A. atrophy B. hypertrophy C. inflammation D. regeneration

C. inflammation

This condition requiring restorative art is classified as traumatic: A. edema B. pustules C. laceration D. jaundice

C. laceration

The method of affixing hair depends upon: A. color B. availability C. length D. style

C. length

Which one of the following is a means of softening wax to alter the wax consistency for restorative art procedures? A. add tap water B. mixing with starch C. mixing with cream cosmetics D. application of talcum powder

C. mixing with cream cosmetics

The galea aponeurotica is the tendon of which one of the following muscles? A. deltoid B. coracobrachialis C. occipitofrontalis D. sternocleidomastoid

C. occipitofrontalis

Diminished amount of urine formation is called: A. pyuria B. anuria C. oliguria D. albuminuria

C. oliguria

Injection and drainage from one location is called: A. split injection B. restricted cervical C. one point injection D. multi-point injection

C. one point injection

Complementary hues found on the color wheel in this position: A. adjacent B. two hues apart C. opposite each other D. three hues apart

C. opposite each other

Personal effects and clothing of the deceased are best accounted for the using a/an: A. will B. price list C. personal effects form D. arrangements conference room

C. personal effects form

Chemicals which inactivate saprophytic bacteria are called: A. vehicles B. surfactants C. preservative D. anticoagulants

C. preservative

An amine produced during putrefaction is: A. urotropin B. glycine C. putrescine D. methanol

C. putrescine

The artery which supplies arterial solution directly into the thumb side of the hand is the: A. ulnar B. femoral C. radial D. axillary

C. radial

To restore a traumatized or missing forearm: A. position hand straight at the side of deceased B. cover with the overlay C. reattach by drilling through bones and wiring D. contour the forearm with PVC pipe

C. reattach by drilling through bones and wiring

The care of the deceased to recreate natural form and color is the definition of: A. chemistry B. embalming C. restorative art D. physiognomy

C. restorative art

In order to begin the modeling of a mutilated or destroyed eye, one must: A. form a wax shape of the eye B. correct the line of closure C. start with the margins of the eye socket D. cover the eyeball with an eyecap

C. start with the margins of the eye socket

The anatomical structure cannot be used for accurate location of the ear: A. mandibular fossa B. mastoid process C. supraorbital margins D. external auditory meatus

C. supraorbital margins

The zygomatic process is a feature of the following bones: A. frontal B. parietal C. temporal D. occipital

C. temporal

When death has been due to pneumonia, an embalmer should expect: A. rapid cooling of the body B. severe rigor mortis C. thoracic congestion and increased blood viscosity D. serious body discoloration

C. thoracic congestion and increased blood viscosity

Formaldehyde reacts with ammonia to form: A. paraformaldehyde B. urea C. urotropin D. glyoxal

C. urotropin

Which one of the following is one of the basic linear forms of facial profiles? A. oval B. round C. vertical D. convex-concave

C. vertical

The tiny prominence on the midline of the superior mucous membrane is the: A. anguli oris eminence B. anguli oris sulcus C. philtrum D. medial lobe

D. medial lobe

Pneumococci usually leaves the body through the: A. blood B. feces C. urine D. nose and mouth

D. nose and mouth

The large muscle which covers the top and sides of the skull from occipital bone to eyebrows: A. masseter B. temporalis C. orbicularis oculi D. occipitofrontalis

D. occipitofrontalis

Formaldehyde in a dry powdered form is also known as: A. alum B. urotropin C. perlite D. paraformaldehyde

D. paraformaldehyde

This is a term used to refer to the after-death examination of the organs and tissues of a body to determine cause of death or pathological conditions: A. case analysis B. autolysis C. antemortem D. postmortem

D. postmortem

A liquid containing a dissolved substance or substances is a(n): A. salt B. acid C. nitrite D. solution

D. solution

An organism that feeds on dead organic matter only is a: A. facultative anaerobe B. facultative aerobe C. strict parasite D. strict saprophyte

D. strict saprophyte

One of the pigment cosmetics necessary to match all skin colors: A. gray B. black C. green D. yellow

D. yellow

Which one of the following is a bone of the face? A. parietal B. occipital C. temporal D. zygomatic

D. zygomatic

The number of oxygen atoms in the formula 2Al(OH)3 is: A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 6

D. 6

A religion that may require special burial garments and the deceased to be dressed by members of the church: A. Baptist B. Catholic C. Jewish D. Latter Day Saints

D. Latter Day Saints

The most hazardous chemical to mix with a bleach solution is: A. perlite B. eosine C. borax D. ammonia

D. ammonia

Those changes occurring in the interval prior to somatic death are: A. intrinsic B. extrinsic C. postmortem D. antemortem

D. antemortem

The two divisions of the skeleton are: A. medial and lateral B. superior and inferior C. internal and external D. axial and appendicular

D. axial and appendicular

Bacteria typically reproduce by a process called: A. osmosis B. parasitism C. autotrophism D. binary fission

D. binary fission

The use of an oxidizing chemical to remove stain or discoloration is called: A. wrapping B. injection C. creaming D. bleaching

D. bleaching

A disease that begins before birth and is evident at the time of birth is referred to as: A. chronic B. acquired C. idiopathic D. congenital

D. congenital

Deterioration or impairment of an organ is called: A. age B. heredity C. infiltration D. degeneration

D. degeneration

Any abnormal color appearing in or upon the human body is called: A. hydration B. evaporation C. desiccation D. discoloration

D. discoloration

A substance that prevents infection by killing bacteria is classified as a: A. salt B. soap C. water D. disinfectant

D. disinefectant

The movement of embalming solutions from the point of injection throughout the arterial system and into the capillaries is called: A. osmosis B. dialysis C. distention D. distribution

D. distribution

The Vertex of the cranium and the base of the chin are examples of: A. linear guides B. anatomical lines C. anatomical guides D. imaginary horizontal lines

D. imaginary horizontal lines

A substance that would remove nicotine stains: A. alcohol B. acetone C. kerosene D. lemon juice

D. lemon juice

Increase in number of leukocytes (above 10,000 per cu. mm) in blood, and generally caused by the presence of infection and usually transient is called: A. anemia B. leukemia C. leukopenia D. leukocytosis

D. leukocytosis

Deformity, abnormal shape or structure, especially a congenital abnormality is a(n): A. atrophy B. hypertrophy C. degeneration D. malformation

D. malformation

These bones are located within the bones of the face: A. parietal B. temporal C. occipital D. maxilla

D. maxilla

A type of prognathism: A. interior B. mucosal C. superior D. maxillary

D. maxillary