National History Bee Part 5

(1) This composer composed a suite for viola and strings on the death of King George V, and his requiem for Franklin Roosevelt is based on a Walt Whitman elegy for Lincoln. This composer of Trauermusik and When Liliacs Last In The Dooryard Bloom'd included the "Turandot" scherzo in his Symphonic Metamorphoses of Themes by Carl Maria von Weber, and Nazis censored his opera about the painter of the Isenheim Altarpiece. For ten points, name this German composer of Mathis der Maler

Paul Hindemith

(10) One of these people is told "First prize often goes to rank beginners" by the Proprietor, who hands him an "Ivor Johnson...32...rubber handle." In a duet, two of these people beg "Let me prove worthy of your love" to the unseen Charlie and Jodie. The song (+) "Everybody's Got the Right" opens the musical in which these people appear; in a reprise of that song, these people (*) open fire on the audience. For the point, name these people, the title figures of a Stephen Sondheim musical whose numbers include "The Gun Song" and "November 22, 1963."

Presidential Assassins (accept descriptions and equivalents)

(8) This country was led by Eloy Alfaro, who led the Liberal Revolution of 1895. This country defaulted on $3 billion of debt in 2008 under a president who also supported a 2011 lawsuit judgment demanding $19 billion from Chevron; that president is Rafael Correa. The question of whether to annex this country to Colombia or Peru was resolved at a conference here. For ten points, name this country where Jose de San Martin and Simon Bolivar met at the Guayaquil Conference and whose capital is Quito.

Republic of Ecuador BONUS: In May 1822, Antonio Jos´e de Sucre defeated Melchor Aymerich on this Quito volcano. ANSWER: Battle of Pichincha Page 5 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2015-2016 Bowl V Finals

(2) One politician from this country insisted that Jan B¨ohmermann stand trial for a poem that implied he has sex with goats and watches child pornography. That politician shuttered the main opposition paper in this country, Zaman. This country shot down a Russian Su-24 after it allegedly encroached on its airspace, and it reached an agreement with the EU where it would receive billions in aid in exchange for taking Syrian refugees from Greece. Recep Erdogan is president of, for ten points, what country ruled from Ankara?

Republic of Turkey BONUS: Turkey has been patrolling the Aegean Sea along with this multinational European organization, which is responsible for helping secure the EU's borders. ANSWER: Frontex

(58) After picking up a rifle with a bayonet on it, this man told a reporter "he'd put it up his butt and see how effective it was." After Paul Vallus ran for Governor of this man's state, this man hired Arne (+) Duncan as CEO of his city's school district. As mayor, this man oversaw the controversial Hired Trucks Scandal and the demolition of Meigs Field, an airport near the (*) Adler Planetarium. This man developed tourist attractions like Millennium Park and Navy Pier during his six terms in office. For the point, name this politician who, with his father, combined for 43 years as mayors of Chicago.

Richard Michael Daley (prompt on Daley; do not accept Daley Jr., but accept any other reference to "the younger of the two Richard Daleys; do not accept Richard J. Daley)

(2) This character claims that "five-card stud taught me a lot about mankind." His wife sings "This is prophetic!" after receiving a glass elephant, then interrupts a performance of The Red Detachment of Women in Act II. This operatic character claims "the eyes and ears of history caught every gesture" in "News Has a Kind Of Mystery," an aria sung just after he stepped off the Spirit of '76 and was greeted by Chou En-Lai. For ten points, name this title character of a John Adams opera based on his 1972 visit to China.

Richard Nixon (accept Nixon in China)

(7) This region was ruled in medieval times by the Bilung family, and the city of Meissen in this region was renowned for its porcelain. This region was once split between the Lauenburg and Wittenberg Imperial Circles, and its Wettin rulers split off Thuringia from this region. One city in this region was controversially firebombed by Allied forces during WWII. Dresden is in, for ten points, what German region whose capital is Leipzig?

Saxony

(50) Richard Perle resigned his post as the chair of the Defense Policy Board after this man published his article "Lunch with the Chairman." This man alleged John F. Kennedy's connections to organized crime and described his various affairs in his book The (+) Dark Side of Camelot. This man accused the United States of running a covert torture and interrogation program specifically targeting Arab Muslims called "Copper Green" as part of his expose of Abu Ghraib. This man won the (*) 1970 Pulitzer Prize for his reporting on the massacre of hundreds of villagers by William Calley's platoon. For the point, name this investigative journalist who uncovered the My Lai massacre.

Seymour Hersh

(9) The diary of Tanya Savicheva documents this event, noting on its last pages that "everyone died. Only Tanya is left." The Sinyavino Offensive unsuccessfully attempted to relieve this event. One participant in this event was successfully contained by the Karelia fortified region, and one side was supplied by the Ice Road during the winter, with trucks crossing the frozen surface of Lake Ladoga. Bombardment and starvation killed over a million Soviet citizens in, for the point, what 872 day Nazi siege of what is now St. Petersburg?

Siege of Leningrad

(11) Term 3 of the Jackson-Vanik Amendment addressed the "Diploma Tax" imposed on these people. Natan Sharansky was initially a human rights activist for these people, who comprised the majority of the refuseniks. These people were accused of conspiring to kill (+) Josef Stalin as part of the Doctors Plot. Henry Kissinger was criticized for saying that it would not be an American concern if these people were sent to the (*) gas chambers. For the point, name this religious group that, towards the end of Mikhail Gorbachev's leadership, emigrated en masse to Israel.

Soviet Jews (accept Russian Jews; prompt on partial answers)

(21) During this event, Ellison Onizuka or Judith Resnik may have assisted Michael Smith by turning on his PEAP device. Dick Scobee served as Commander during this event, which required Peggy Noonan to write a speech noting "the future doesn't belong to the fainthearted." A faulty component design responsible for this event was demonstrated by a member of the Rogers Commission, Richard Feynman, when he placed an O-ring in a glass of ice water. Schoolchildren nationwide witnessed the death of teacher Christa McAuliffe during, for the point, what 1986 space disaster?

Space Shuttle Challenger disaster

(31) Haslam and Reicher attempted to replicate this experiment's findings for the BBC in 2002. The random assignment used in this experiment supported the idea that the behavior observed in it was situational, rather than dispositional. The book The Lucifer Effect deals with some of the consequences of this experiment, and Christina Maslach called for this experiment's premature termination. For the point, name this 1971 experiment conducted by Philip Zimbardo, who assigned prisoner and guard roles to a set of undergraduates at a namesake West Coast university.

Stanford prison experiment (prompt on partial answers) Page 6 NHBB Nationals Bee 2016-2017 Bee Round 6

(3) From 1927 to 1930, this position was held by Charles Lindbergh's father-in-law, who had a nickname referring to his frequent breakfast conversations. That man in this post helped draft an agreement in 1929 which allowed (+) Catholic instruction to resume in churches. In this position, Henry Lane Wilson was accused of supporting the events of the Ten Tragic Days. A man who held this post worked alongside (*) Plutarco Calles, while another may have helped arrange the murder of Francisco Madero. For the point, name this position in which Dwight Morrow tried to mediate the Cristero War on behalf of Calvin Coolidge.

U.S. Ambassador to Mexico (prompt on partial answers)

(14) One figure during this period was confined to the Antoniev Monastery until he was freed and made into a religious head. During this period, Jacob de la Gardie's forces were destroyed by a cavalry charge at the Battle of Klushino. Marina Mniszech [MI sheck] fought to have her two husbands crowned as Dmitry during this period with the support of Poland-Lithuania. The brief reign of Boris Godunov began, for the point, what period of turmoil in Russia that was ended by the ascension of the Romanov dynasty?

Time of Troubles

(5) In a comic expressing panic over the potential success of this goal, Thomas Nast created the Republican elephant symbol. In attempting to accomplish this goal, Roscoe Conkling gave a speech with the line "he hails from Appomattox and its famous apple tree." The precedent that seemingly (+) prevented this action was downplayed due to its subject's youth. More delegates were pledged toward this goal than any other at the start of the 1880 convention, but it was (*) unsuccessful. For the point, name this action which did not occur in either 1876 or 1880, as a former Union general followed George Washington's precedent and retired to private life instead.

Ulysses S. Grant having a third term as President (or Ulysses S. Grant being nominated and/or running for President for a third time)

(9) The Wall Street Journal called this case "The Decision Everyone Won." Archibald Cox's oral argument in this case noted that he was a Harvard graduate. This case was instigated when a white (+) medical school applicant was rejected from the medical school at Davis, though his scores were higher than some minorities who applied. Lewis Powell wrote this case's opinion, which was affirmed in (*) Grutter v. Bollinger. For ten points, name this 1978 Supreme Court case that upheld affirmative action, but ruled that racial quotas in university admissions were unconstitutional.

(Regents of the) University of California v. Bakke (accept in either order)

(1) In this year, the SS Philadelphia was destroyed while it was docked in harbor in a "Great Fire." A Coinage Act of this year approved the minting of the first federal (+) gold dollar coin in American history. In this year, massive numbers of people either traveled overland, crossed the Isthmus of Panama, or undertook a dangerous (*) sea journey around Cape Horn to arrive at places like Mariposa and Placerville. For ten points, name this year in which large numbers of miners traveled to California during the gold rush and, like a San Francisco football team, were nicknamed for this year.

1849 (accept 49ers) BONUS: The Mamayev Monument was created in remembrance of what 1942 battle? ANSWER: Battle of Stalingrad

(8) In this year, an article was published accusing Lenin of being a German agent, prompting the massacre of Bolsheviks in the July Days. Order No. 1 was issued during this year, which hampered the disastrous Summer Offensive launched by Alexander Kerensky in this year. One event in this year involved mass protests on Women's Day, and the Provisional Government was created in this year after Grand Duke Michael refused to take his brother's throne. The February and November Revolutions occurred in, for ten points, what year, in which Tsar Nicholas II abdicated and the Bolsheviks established the Soviet Union?

1917

(15) An opponent to this set of laws originated the argument of interposition, whereby the action of several states could invalidate a federal statute. While he was in jail for violating these laws, Matthew Lyon won a congressional reelection campaign. These laws required a 14-year pre-residency requirement before immigrants could become citizens. The Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions opposed, for the point, what set of four controversial laws passed in 1798 during the Adams Administration?

Alien and Sedition Acts (prompt on partial answers; prompt on Naturalization Act) Page 3 NHBB Nationals Bee 2016-2017 Bee Round 4

(9) Along with two friends, the main character of this novel risks punishment by swimming naked across a canal in the middle of the night to rendezvous with three French women. This book's protagonist feels remorse over a stabbing a man whom he discovers through his papers was a printer named Gerard Duval. In this novel, Kemmerich's boots are acquired by the main character after the death of Fredrich Muller, and Kat's death causes Paul Baumer to lose interest in fighting in World War I. For ten points, name this novel by Erich Maria Remarque.

All Quiet on the Western Front (or Im Westen nichts Neues

(23) Insults aimed at inhabitants of this region led to protests against the military known as the Zabern Affair, which caused the resignation of Theobald von Bethmann-Hollweg. Men from this region conscripted into the (+) German Army became known as malgr´e-nous. "Revanchism" was termed due to French desire to (*) take back this region. A brief republic was declared in this region following its transfer after World War I by the Soviet of Strasbourg. For the points, name this region named for two French provinces on the Rhine, annexed by Germany after the Franco-Prussian War.

Alsace-Lorraine (or Alsace-Moselle; prompt on partial answers)

(11) This city's rapidly-developing Left Bank area is centered around the Bayterek Tower, which evokes the legend of a golden egg on top of the tree of life. In this city, Norman Foster designed the (+) Khan Shatyr, an entertainment center consisting of a giant transparent tent that is the largest in the world. Expo 2017 will be held in this city on the Ishim River. It was renamed (*) Tselinograd in 1961, shortly after it became an administrative center of the Virgin Lands Campaign. In 1997, Nursultan Nazarbayev moved his country's capital from Almaty to this planned city. For the points, name this capital of Kazakhstan.

Astana (accept Tselinograd before mentioned)

(1) To deceive enemy forces into believing this group had not yet retreated, William Scurry invented a self-firing rifle that fired once cans had filled with dripping water. This group encountered fierce resistance on Lone Pine Hill on the 400 Plateau. Future historian (+) Charles Bean reported on the fighting encountered after this group made an amphibious landing at a cove now named for them. A holiday named in remembrance of this group occurs on April (*) 25, during which sprigs of rosemary are worn and the Last Post is played. For ten points, name this group comprised of soldiers from two "down under" British dominions, who fought bravely at Gallipoli.

Australian and New Zealand Army Corps

(7) Erawan Shrine is located in this city, whose temple of Wrat Pha Kaew houses the Emerald Buddha. This city was first founded as a trading post of the Ayyuthaya kingdom, though it has grown to include modern day attractions like the Patpong district and Khaosan Road. Located in the Chao Phraya River delta, this city was rocked in 2015 when bombs exploded at the Siam Paragon mall and nearby religious shrines. King Rama IX Park is located in, for ten points, what capital city of Thailand?

Bangkok

(32) George Beadle invited this scientist to Stanford from Cold Spring Harbor in 1944 to study the chromosomes of Neurospora crassa, a bread mold. This scientist, whose most famous discovery was made after studying the (+) Dissociator and Activator gene loci, stopped publishing data in 1953 in response to unjust skepticism. In 1983, this scientist won an (*) unshared Nobel Prize in Medicine for developing the idea of "controlling elements" resulting from her study of the variation in color of maize. For the points, name this American biologist who discovered transposons, or "jumping genes."

Barbara McClintock

(14) The non-fiction book The Courtier and the Heretic was written about this man's discussions with Leibniz over his most famous work, which describes the universe as comprised of God's "modes." This philosopher promoted the principle of "pantheism," claiming that God and the universe were synonymous and interchangeable. This man was banished from the Jewish community of Amsterdam for his heretical beliefs. For the point, name this Dutch 17th-century philosopher and author of Ethics.

Baruch Spinoza

(38) Jos´e Barrionuevo was imprisoned for his activities in this region. Families of those imprisoned from this region founded an activist group called Etxerat [etch-er-at]. Banned political parties from this region include (+) Batasuna and Askatasuna. The GAL, an illegal paramilitary group founded by the government of F´elipe Gonzalez, once operated in this region to fight the (*) ETA, a terrorist group that promoted this region's separation. Bilbao is the largest city in, for the points, what highly nationalistic region of northern Spain?

Basque Country

(7) In a film depiction of this battle, a general says "Don't hurry. Let the [...] wedge close in. Let Buslai engage them" as a white-robed army approaches. Sergei Eisenstein depicted this battle in a 1938 film that fostered a legend that many Livonian soldiers fell and drowned here. For the point, name this 1242 battle, a victory for Prince of Novgorod Alexander Nevsky over a branch of the Teutonic Knights that took place on the frozen Lake Peipus.

Battle of (or on) the Ice (accept Battle of Lake Peipus before said)

(7) Colonel Horace Porter noted how individual nametags were innovatively used at this battle, which inspired the dog tags of World War II. A photograph of this battle shows an African Amer can listlessly staring at the camera while sitting behind pile of (+) skulls on a stretcher. This battle's losing general lamented that "the last assault at [this battle] was ever made." This battle, fought near (*) Mechanicsville, was the culmination of a campaign that included the Battle of the Wilderness. For ten points, name this bloody final battle of the Grant's Overland Campaign.

Battle of Cold Harbor

(10) Scott Helvenston was one of four men killed in an ambush in this city; that killing of Blackwater contractors prompted Mark Kemitt to promise "we will pacify [this city]." Haider al-Abadi's forces recaptured this city in Operation Breaking Terrorism. A documentary subtitled "The Hidden Massacre" focuses on the claim that white phosphorus was used against civilians at the second battle of this city in 2004. It was the first city taken by ISIS during its 2014 invasion of Iraq. For ten points, name this city near Baghdad.

Battle of Fallujah (accept First Battle of Fallujah; accept Second Battle of Fallujah Page 2 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2016-2017 Bowl Playoff Packet 8 Second Quarter

(7) One side in this battle refused to give combat until two swords were sent to their general as a challenge. The Siege of Marienberg occurred shortly before this battle, which led to the Peace of Thorn. Ulrich von Jungingen was killed leading a charge against the troops of Vytautas and Jagiello, leading to a romanticization of this battle in Nazi propaganda. Though it took place nowhere nearby, the greatest victory of Hindenberg and Ludendorff in World War 1 shares a name with this battle so that the defeat of the Teutonic Knights in this battle could be avenged. For ten points, name this large medieval battle between Poland-Lithuania and the Teutonic Order.

Battle of Grunwald (or Battle of Zalgiris; accept First Battle of Tannenburg; prompt on Tannenburg)

(2) At the start of this battle, Herwarth von Bittenfeld held a defensive position on the Bystrice River. The cutting of telegraph lines before this battle delayed the arrival of Frederick III's 2nd Army. A month after this battle, the winners pushed for lenient surrender terms in the Peace of Prague and the North German Confederation was formed without this battle's loser, which formed a dual monarchy with Hungary a year later. For ten points, name this decisive victory for the elder Helmuth von Moltke during the Seven Weeks War in which the Prussians triumphed over Austria.

Battle of Koniggratz (or Battle of Sadowa

(9) In this battle, Thomas du Plessis and Nathaniel Greene's cannons on Combs Hill provided support for an army that had absorbed Charles Lee's men; Lee had been relieved of command and was (+) court-martialed after this battle. During this battle, Wilhelm Von Knyphausen covered a retreat to Sandy Hook. This battle ended the Philadelphia campaign, as Henry (*) Clinton was commanded to evacuate to New York. For the point, name this victory for the Continental Army in the sweltering New Jersey heat, during which American troops were legendarily refreshed by Molly Pitcher.

Battle of Monmouth (Courthouse)

(2) An axeman who legendarily killed 40 people at this battle was himself killed when a soldier underneath the bridge he stood on stabbed him through the planks. One attack during this battle was known as "Orre's Storm." This battle, named for a location near the Derwent River, included the deaths of Tostig and the Norwegian king Harald Hardrada. For ten points, name this victory for the forces of Harold Godwinson which preceded the 1066 Battle of Hastings by five days.

Battle of Stamford Bridge

(9) This battle is described in the most common lyrics of the song "Lillibulero." A year after this battle, an evacuation of troops called the Flight of the Wild Geese occurred following the Treaty of Limerick. This battle is celebrated on "the Twelfth," and it featured a successful river crossing by the Blue Guard. The loser of this battle had thrown his signet ring into the Thames two years prior. This battle occurred during the War of the Grand Alliance and is named for a river. For ten points, name this 1690 battle, fought after the Glorious Revolution, at which William III decisively beat James II in Ireland.

Battle of the River Boyne Page 2 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2016-2017 Bowl Playoff Packet 6

(4) This city was the site of a brief coup known as the Speckputsch. This city's Margravial Opera House was built for Margrave Frederick, who ruled a principality named for Brandenburg and this city. Originally, performances of Parsifal were only allowed within this city's Festival Hall; that hall, sponsored by Mad King Ludwig, was the site of the premiere of Der Ring des Nibelungen. For ten points, name this Bavarian town which hosts a festival each year devoted to performing the works of Richard Wagner.

Bayreuth [bye royt] BONUS: Mad King Ludwig also sponsored the construction of this castle high in the Bavarian Alps. It inspired Disneyland's Sleeping Beauty Castle. ANSWER: Neuschwanstein [noysh van stein] Castle

(8) One of this man's works names a History Channel panel show and is worn as a tattoo by its host, Craig Ferguson. Even though Billy Mays died mid-rap and was replaced by the ShamWow guy, this man lost his Epic Rap Battle of History. Nicolas (+) Cage's character in the National Treasure film series is named for this man, who Mythbusters suggests would have suffered a fatal electric shock through the heart had his (*) kite actually been struck by lightning. For the point, name this American founding father who appears on the $100 bill.

Benjamin Franklin

(31) In order to avoid anti-public assembly laws, these people once arrived at a National Assembly in buses with the blinds pulled down and proceeded to sit for four hours. The First Lady called these people "foreign agitators" and said "we shall clap our hands" to see them die. (+) Malcolm Browne took a famous photo of one of these people dying in the streets. ARVN Special Forces attacked them during the Xa Loi (*) Pagoda raids. Thich Quang Duc was one of these people, who protested their treatment by pro-Catholic President Ngo Dinh Diem. For the point, name these people in Vietnam, one of whom set himself on fire in Saigon in June 1963.

Buddhist monks in South Vietnam (prompt on monks; prompt on Vietnamese people)

(3) This man served as the personal herbarium curator and physician for George Clifford III, a director of the Dutch East India Company. This scientist flipped the Celsius scale so that 0 is freezing and 100 is boiling, and he divided humans into four geographical categories, including Europaeus and Afer. This scientist wrote Philosophia Botanica while working at Uppsala University, and his Systema Naturae introduced binomial nomenclature. For the point, name this Swedish scientist who developed modern taxonomy.

Carl Linnaeus

(2) This composer's namesake approach to music education made heavy use of xylophones. He falsely claimed to be a co-founder of the White Rose resistance movement during de-Nazification, but he did accept a Nazi commission to replace (+) Mendelssohn's work on A Midsummer Night's Dream. He included "Blanzifor et Helena" in a cantata, the first part of Trionfi, whose texts were taken from a collection of medieval (*) secular songs and which opens and closes with an ode to the title "whirling wheel" of fate. For ten points, name this composer, who wrote "O Fortuna" as part of his Carmina Burana.

Carl Orff

(21) This politician advocated for the Moreland Act after defeating William Randolph Hearst to become the Governor of New York. He oversaw the Washington Naval Conference while serving as Warren Harding's Secretary of State. This man's presidential run was defeated by a candidate who used the slogan "He Kept Us Out of War." While serving as Chief Justice, this man's court ruled the NIRA and AAA unconstitutional in U.S. v. Butler and U.S. v. Schechter. For the point, name this loser of the 1916 presidential election who later became Chief Justice during the New Deal Era.

Charles Evans Hughes

(4) This composer's second symphony ends with an 11-note chord and quotes "Columbia, Gem of the Ocean." A block of wood is used to play a cluster chord in a work by this composer whose third movement is entitled "The Alcotts." His Orchestral Set no. 1 includes movements depicting "Putnam's Camp" and a monument to Robert Shaw's all-black Civil War regiment, the "Saint Gaudens in Boston Common." For the point, name this American composer of the Concord Sonata and Three Places In New England.

Charles Ives

(1) After an October 2014 incident in this city, a Burger King surveillance video was supposedly erased before police reviewers were able to view it; in that incident, Jason Van Dyke was the only one of at least nine of this city's officers to fire his weapon at a 17-year-old who had fallen after one shot. A year after that incident, after police video had been released, this city's police Superintendent, Garry McCarthy, resigned, and Anita Alvarez was denied re-election as Cook County State's Attorney. For ten points, name this American city where Laquan McDonald was killed.

Chicago BONUS: The Chicago Police Department operates this "black site," an interrogation warehouse where lawyers are denied access to their clients. ANSWER: Homan Square

(18) An Anabaptist book titled either The Bloody Theater or the Mirror of these people was the largest book printed in pre-Revolutionary War America. Another text about these people was published in 1563 and was originally titled (+) Actes and Monuments; that book, which was written by John Foxe, had sections titled for figures like William (*) Tyndale and John Wycliffe. The first of these people in Christianity is thought to have been Saint Stephen, who was stoned to death. For the points, name these people killed for their belief in Jesus.

Christian martyrs (accept Martyrs Mirror; accept Foxe's Book of Martyrs)

(2) This act was expanded to prohibit price discrimination in the Robinson-Patman act. This act was strengthened by the Celler-Kefauver act, which eliminated loopholes involving the ownership of indirect competitors. Unlike its predecessor, this act did not count cartel laws against trade unions, and it protected against some mergers, even if they didn't reach monopoly status. Labor strikes were effectively made legal by, for the point, what 1914 act that expanded upon the earlier Sherman Antitrust Act?

Clayton Antitrust Act (prompt on partial answers; accept 1914 Antitrust Act before "1914" is read)

(63) This leader's party was split between supporters of Chancellor of the Exchequer Hugh Gaitskell and Health Secretary Aneurin Bevan. This leader nationalized the Big Four railway companies and created the National Coal Board. This leader's government sought to fight the "Five Great Evils," as laid out in the Beveridge Report, by creating a cradle-to-grave welfare state, including the National Health Service. For the point, name this Labour prime minister who succeeded Winston Churchill after World War II.

Clement Attlee

(9) In 1996, two civilian airplanes dispersing advocacy fliers over this country were shot down by a MiG-29, causing Madeline Albright to respond "This is not cojones [co-HO-nays], this is cowardice." Those planes belonged to Brothers to the Rescue, whose chief goal is to aid refugees from this country. In summer 1980, citizens of this country fled it in a mass exodus called the Mariel Boatlift. For ten points, name this country, the source of many "raft refugees" who head 90 miles north to Florida.

Cuba BONUS: In 2000, this seven-year-old boy was returned to Cuba after the Supreme Court declined to hear his highly-publicized petition for asylum. ANSWER: Elian Gonzalez Page 5 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2015-2016 Bowl Round 11

(2) One politician in this family drew ire when he ordered his police superintendent, James Conlisk, to use lethal force against protesters rioting after MLK's assassination. A woman who married into this political family was nicknamed "Sis." The aforementioned man with this surname was accused of fabricating votes to hand the state of Illinois to Kennedy in the 1960 election, and his son was succeeded after six terms by Rahm Emanuel in 2011. For ten points, identify the surname of Richard J and Richard M, two mayors of Chicago.

Daley family (accept Richard J and/or Eleanor and/or Richard M Daley

(6) This city was divided into districts dedicated to Anu and the goddess Inanna, the latter of whom is depicted in the Mask of Warka found at this city. In a regional King List, this city earned its fifth listed dynasty under Utu-hengal, though Ur-Namma quickly brought its rival back to power. (+) Enmerkar is credited with founding this city on what was then the banks of the Euphrates, which fueled a system of canals within this (*) Sumerian city. This city's walls were legendarily built by a man who was one-third mortal. For the point, name this Sumerian city legendarily ruled by Gilgamesh.

Uruk (accept Erech or Eresh; accept Unug-Kulaba; do not accept or prompt on Ur)

(12) The "K1C2" strategy was employed by this Presidential candidate during his first election campaign, after which he stepped down as President of Columbia University. This man's Cabinet was informally dubbed "eight millionaires and a plumber." This man's eventual running mate saved his own political career with the "Checkers" speech. This first Supreme Commander of NATO ran with Richard Nixon in 1952 using the slogan "We like Ike." For the point, name this Allied general during World War II who succeeded Harry Truman as President.

Dwight D. Eisenhower

(5) During this man's service in Panama, he was mentored by Fox Conner, whom he considered "the ablest man [he] ever knew." This man prophetically stated that the Vietnam War would "absorb our troops by divisions," and he alluded to (+) William Jennings Bryan in his "Chance for Peace" speech. This man authorized CIA operations in (*) Guatemala and Iran, and promised to help any Middle Eastern nation feeling threatened by another power in his namesake doctrine. For the points, name this 34th President who commanded the Allied forces in Europe during World War II.

Dwight D. Eisenhower

(5) This man notes how he "will miss the battles and the wars" after thanking a man called "Coop" for "standing side by side." In that speech, this man appreciated the support of "the Commissioner, David Stern," and after affirming that his wife Cookie had "no problem," he pledged "I plan on going on living for a long time." Despite giving that retirement speech, this man was later able to play on the 1992 Dream Team with longtime rival Larry Bird. For ten points, name this Los Angeles Laker who, on November 7, 1991, announced his immediate retirement due to HIV.

Earvin "Magic" Johnson Jr. Page 1 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2016-2017 Bowl Playoff Packet 3

(7) Jean-Jacque Maimoni was killed by friendly fire in this event. In carrying out this event, Wilfred Bose protested that he was not a Nazi. During this event, Dora Bloch was allowed to leave due to illness, then was killed anyway. Jonathan Netanyahu was the IDF's only fatality in this event; others killed included two members of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine, who had hijacked Air France Flight 139. For ten points, name this July 4, 1976 counter-terrorism operation in which over 100 hostages were rescued from an airport in Uganda.

Entebbe raid (accept Operation Entebbe or Operation Thunderbolt)

(9) The location of this project was hotly contested by a board chaired for a time by Gouverneur Morris. A series of letters advocating this project were written under the pseudonym "Hercules" by inmate Jesse Hawley. This project required the dangerous and costly draining of Montezuma Marsh. It was derisively nicknamed "Clinton's Ditch" after then governor of New York DeWitt Clinton. For ten points, identify this waterway that, after 1821, connected Albany to a namesake great lake bordering Buffalo.

Erie Canal

(3) During this event, the Battle of Groix foiled an attempted landing at Quiberon Bay. During a part of this event, the "infernal columns" of Louis Tourreau tied humans into rafts to drown in the Loire. One uprising against this event occurred on the 13 of Vend´emaire and was crushed with a "whiff of grapeshot" by the man who won the Siege of Toulon during this event. The Vend´ee and armies of ´emigr´es fought against, for ten points, what event, opposed by royalists loyal to Louis XVI?

French Rev lution of 1789 BONUS: The Vend´ee was sparked by this document, which destroyed all monastic orders and forced Catholic priests to declare their allegiance to the French Republic. ANSWER: Civil Constitution of the Clergy Page 3 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2016-2017 Bowl Playoff Packet 1

(5) This deity swore her husband, Shantanu, to never question her actions, then killed each of their first seven children in an attempt to protect them from a curse. A 7th century bas-relief monument on the Coromandel Coast depicts this deity landing on Shiva's hair during her (+) descent to Earth. This deity personifies a location where drops of amrita inspired four pilgrimage sites that are visited in a (*) 12-year cycle. Millions of people undertake the Kumbh Mela, a pilgrimage to, for ten points, what sacred river into which the ashes of deceased Hindus are scattered?

Ganges River (or Ganga)

(23) This leader conquered the Khwarazmian [kweh-rez-me-an] Empire after they executed his ambassadors. This man's wife B¨orte was abducted by the Merkits, whom this man later united with the Naimans, Uyghurs, and various other tribes. This general's first conquests were the Jin and the Western Xia after his crowning by a kurultai. This man, born as Temujin, employed the general Subutai and was succeeded by his son Ogedei. For the point, name this founder of the Mongol Empire and grandfather of ¨ Kublai Khan.

Genghis Khan (or Chinggis Khan; accept Temujin before mentioned)

(17) In one work, this thinker described private property as an "abstract right," rather than a natural one. A critique of one of this thinker's works introduced the quote "religion is the opium of the people." A "Struggle to the death" takes place between self-conscious beings in this thinker's master-slave dialectic. Karl Popper's The Open Society and its Enemies argued that Plato, Karl Marx, and this thinker were the intellectual origins of 20th century totalitarianism. For the point, name this German philosopher who wrote The Phenomenology of Spirit.

Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel

(10) The concept of aufheben in this philosopher's work is often translated as either "to lift up" or "to abolish." The idea that consciousness can best be understood through a "pure looking at" comes from the famously dense preface of this man's most famous work, which was completed while this man was observing Napoleon's victory at the Battle of Jena. In that work, this man describes his concept of the dialectic as a method for reaching the truth. For ten points, name this German Idealist philosopher who wrote The Phenomenology of Spirit

Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel BONUS: One of the "Young Hegelians" who built upon Hegel's work was this German philosopher, who criticized organized religion in his The Essence of Christianity ANSWER: Ludwig Feuerbach [foy er bach]

(24) After colliding with a truck driven by Robert Thompson, this man commented "This is a hell of a way to die." After the surrender of Japan, this man wrote "Yet another war has come to an end, and with it my usefulness to the world." During Operation Husky, this man participated in a race to Messina against Bernard Montgomery. While suffering from battle fatigue, Paul Bennett was slapped by this man. For the point, name this American general, known as Old Blood and Guts, who served under General Eisenhower during World War II.

George Smith Patton, Jr

(8) This man was allegedly murdered by Mansfield Cumming's British agents. This man's lifestyle was the subject of the "staircase notes," and controversy arose over his membership in the hedonistic (+) Khlysty sect. He survived a stabbing from Khionia Guseva, an agent of the priest Iliodor. After this enemy of Felix Yusupov grew in power thanks to his ability to stop the (*) bleeding of the hemophiliac Alexei, this man was poisoned, shot four times, clubbed, and drowned in the Neva River. For ten points, name this Russian mystic, a friend of the family of Nicholas II.

Grigory Yefimovich Rasputin

(10) During the last years of this period, the capital was briefly moved to Kobe by Emperor Antoku. Taira no Kiyomori led a coup d'etat during this period that resulted in the imprisonment of Emperor Go-Shirakawa. After the death of Emperor Konoe, in this period, a dispute over imperial succession led to the (+) Hogen Rebellion. The Fujiwara clan served as reagents during this period, and this period ended after Minamoto no Yoritomo won the (*) Genpei War. For ten points, name this period of Japanese history, succeeded by the Kamakura Shogunate, whose final capital was Kyoto.

Heian period (or Heian jidai)

(4) Dozens of ethnic Uyghurs were arrested in this city's district of Zeytinburnu for alleged connections to Abdulkadir Masharipov's shooting attack of the Reina night club on New Year's Day 2017. In 2016, leader gave speech in this city blaming "those in (+) Pennsylvania" for threatening his power. 45 people were killed after an ISIS attack on this city's airport in June 2016. This city's Fatih Sultan Mehmet and (*) Bosphorus Bridges were closed during a July 2016 coup attempt against President Recep Tayyip Erdogan [AIRD oh wan]. For ten points, name this largest city in Turkey.

Istanbul Page 9 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2016-2017 Bowl Round 8

(12) This man's campaign manager Stephen Dorsey was implicated in the Star Routes scandal, leading to investigation by his attorney general Wayne MacVeagh. This man's choice of William Robertson to replace Edwin Merritt to be Collector of the Port of New York brought this man into conflict with pro-patronage figures like Senator Roscoe Conkling. For ten points, name this president assassinated in 1880 by Charles Guiteau, thus promoting Grover Cleveland to become president.

James Abram Garfield Second Quarter

(7) This man noted that he was considered the "strongest advocate of protection" everywhere but Pennsylvania. This man was originally nominated to fill a seat vacated by Henry Baldwin; on denying that nomination, that seat was filled by (+) Robert Cooper Grier. This man opposed George Dallas' "Family Party" as head of the (*) Amalgamators. As the Ambassador to Great Britain, this man was key in formulating the Ostend Manifesto. For ten points, name this political who would become an ineffectual President after winning the Election of 1856.

James Buchanan

(1) Alberic of Trois-Fontaines described this organization as the "order of bearded brethren." This organization was created at the Council of Nabulus by Baldwin II, who appointed its first Grandmaster, Hugues de Payens. Phillip IV forced the Avignon Pope, Clement V, to order the arrest of all members of this organization, leading to the death of its final Grandmaster, Jacques de Molay. For the point, name this Christian military order, originally created to protect Christian pilgrimages to the Holy Land, that wore a uniform adorned with a red cross.

Knights Templar (or the Poor Fellow-Soldiers of Christ and the Temple of Solomon; accept the Order of Solomon's Temple

(34) In the 12th century, Richard I sold the island of Cyprus to this entity. The Council of Troyes formally endorsed this organization, whose headquarters were at the captured Al-Aqsa Mosque on Temple Mount. The last head of this organization, Jacques de Molay, was executed by Philip IV of France at the behest of Pope Clement V. Members of this organization displayed a red cross while protecting pilgrims. For the point, name this wealthy holy order that fought in the Crusades alongside the Hospitallers.

Knights Templars (accept the Order of Solomon's Temple; accept Poor Fellow Soldiers of Christ and of the Temple of Solomon

(11) One of these people, Harriet Fairley, edited a publication created by the Reverend Abel Thomas. Many of these people contributed to that periodical, an "Offering." Sarah Bagley formed a Labor Reform Association for these people. A handbook governing these people stated they would not be employed if they were "habitually absent from public worship on the Sabbath," the only day they were not scheduled to work. For ten points, name these industrial employees of 19th century textile mills in Massachusetts.

Lowell Mill Girls (prompt on Mill Girls before mentioned) BONUS: The Lowell mills relied on this man's Rhode Island system, which relied on proprietary technology that this man stole from England by memorizing it and sailing to America. ANSWER: Samuel Slater Page 6 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2015-2016 Bowl V Quarterfinals and JV Semifinals

(10) One battle between this kingdom and the Medes was interrupted by a solar eclipse that was predicted by Thales [thay-lees] of Miletus. Solon told one ruler of this kingdom that Tellus, Cleobis, and Biton were people (+) happier than he was. That ruler of this kingdom was told by the Oracle of Delphi that if he invaded Persia, "a great kingdom would be destroyed;" that came true at Thymbra, when his kingdom was defeated by (*) Cyrus the Great. According to Herodotus, this kingdom was the first to use electrum to mint coints. For ten points, name this Anatolian kingdom ruled by the legendarily wealthy Croesus [kree-sus]

Lydia

(1) One man with this surname lost an election after suspending the trial of J.R. Campbell for inciting mutiny in the newspaper Workers Weekly, and his re election campaign was hurt by forged letter from Grigori Zinoviev encouraging Communist rebellion. Another man with this surname faced rebellion led by (+) Louis Riel in the Red River Colony and lost power after his administration was accused of accepting bribes for the contract of a (*) trans-Canadian railroad. For ten points, give this surname of British Prime Minister, Ramsay, and the First Canadian Prime Minister, John.

MacDonald (accept Ramsey MacDonald and/or John MacDonald

(1) This figure commissioned Richard Mique to build a hamlet retreat at Yvelines. At a meeting in Saint Cloud, this figure attempted to pay Honore (+) Mirabeau to save her reputation. This figure lost popularity after allegedly defrauding jewelers in the Affair of the Diamond (*) Necklace. She was further vilified for her Austrian descent and her lavish hairstyles, though this daughter of Maria Theresa probably never said "Let them eat cake." For ten points, name this wife of Louis XVI.

Marie Antoinette Josephe-Jeanne d'Autriche-Lorraine BONUS: What leader of the ZANU-PF has been president of Zimbabwe since 1987? ANSWER: Robert Mugabe

(3) This composer wrote the piece "A new song we raise" in response to the execution of Johann Esch and Heinrich Voes. J.S. Bach wrote a set of canonic variations on his Christmas piece "Vom himmel hoch." Another of his hymns was quoted in the finale of Felix Mendelssohn's fifth symphony, written for the 300th anniversary of the Augsburg Confession. "A Mighty Fortress is Our God" was written by, for ten points, what German whose hymns and other religious writings, including the Ninety-Five Theses, helped initiate the Protestant Reformation?

Martin Luther

(28) A plan to obtain these objects was known as Operation Moolah. The Catalina Affair was sparked when these objects approached Swedish vehicles. A key component of these objects was directly copied from the Rolls-Royce Nene. These objects were analyzed after Viktor Belenko brought one codenamed "Foxbat" to (+) Hokkaido in 1972. During a run involving one of these objects, Yuri Gagarin was killed. These objects named an (*) "alley" along the Yalu River, where they would frequently clash with the F-86 Sabre. For the point, name these Soviet fighter jets.

MiG fighter jets (or Mikoyan-Gurevich; accept specific types such as the MiG-15 or the MiG-25; prompt on (fighter) jets or equivalents)

(2) Daniel Defert, this man's partner, founded a charity for AIDS after this man's 1984 death. This philosopher's claim that power disciplines society was later moderated in his Security, Territory, and Population. This man argued against the "repressive hypothesis" that capitalism suppressed sexuality in his The History of Sexuality, and he described the shift from brutal punishment to regimented prison systems in the opening to his most famous work. For ten points, name this French post-structural philosopher of Discipline and Punish

Michel Foucault BONUS: Foucault used this term to describe his historiographical technique, such as in his book, The (this) of Knowledge. In the 19th century, C.J. Thomsen presented the findings of this field of study in a novel three-age system. ANSWER: archaeology

(2) At an Iowa state fair, this man told a protester "corporations are people, my friend." In November 2016, Donald Trump was photographed having dinner with this former "never Trump"er, who was hoping to be Trump's pick for Secretary of State. Rick Perry called this man a "vulture capitalist," attacking him for causing job losses while he led Bain Capital. A relatively popular health care reform bill was passed in 2006 while this man served as Governor of Massachusetts. For ten points, name this Republican politician, a Mormon who ran for President in 2012.

Mitt Romney BONUS: Mitt Romney refused to vote for either Donald Trump or Hillary Clinton in 2016; while we don't know who he voted for, it's entirely possible he voted for this Mormon candidate for president. This man received 21.5 percent of the vote in Utah and the fifth-most popular votes overall. ANSWER: Evan McMullin

(1) A speech to Congress noted "We owe it [...] to candor and to amicable relations" to engage in this policy. The Russian ukase that asserted sovereignty over present-day Alaska led to the formulation of this policy, which was extended by the Clark Memorandum and Roosevelt Corollary. Secretary of State John Quincy Adams helped draft, for ten points, what 1823 statement of American foreign policy that warned European powers against interfering in the New World, promoted by the fifth U.S. President?

Monroe Doctrine

(12) Georgia Gilmore created the Club from Nowhere to support this event. When asked about a change in the prelude to this event, E.D. Nixon stated "I had to be sure that I had somebody I could win with," explaining why the pregnant (+) Claudette Colvin was not supported by this event. Taxi drivers were prohibited from charging less than (*) 45 cents per ride during this event, which harmed National City Lines' profits. For ten points, name this 1955 protest sparked by Rosa Parks' arrest.

Montgomery Bus Boycott Page 13 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2015-2016 Bowl V Quarterfinals and JV Semifinals Extra Question Only read if you need a backup or tiebreaker!

(1) This man was injured when his guard misthrew a grenade, hitting a wall and falling in front of him. That action came after this man and his son, Mutassim, crawled threw a drainage pipe to escape an attacked convoy. This man's body was showcased in a freezer in Misrata, and a cell phone video depicts people stabbing a bayonet into his rear end. This man's murder was lamented by Mahmoud Jibril, who wished to see him tried for crimes against humanity. For ten points, name this leader who was killed in October 2011 after the National Transitional Council won a civil war against this man's regime in Libya.

Muammar Gaddafi (or Muammar al-Qaddafi) BONUS: Gaddafi's failed escape convoy tried to get him out of this Libyan city, his birthplace. ANSWER: Sirte

(28) This country lost a ferry named the Hydro while trying to transfer material from its plant at Rjukan. Operation Gunnerside was able to eliminate this country's stockpile of heavy water, stopping its nuclear weapons program. This country assigned its best fighter pilots to JV 44 to fly the first jet-powered fighter, the Messerschmitt 262. Wunderwaffe, or wonder weapons, were produced during World War II by, for the point, what country, for whom Wernher von Braun designed the V1 and V2 rockets?

Nazi Germany (accept Third Reich

(24) Samuel Sturgis failed to trap these people, who only lost one man in attacking David Perry at Cottonwood soon before withdrawing at Clearwater. This group included Ollokot and Looking Glass, who both died at the Battle of Bear Paw. In surrendering to Oliver Howard and Nelson Miles, the leader of this group declared that his "heart is sick and sad" and he "will fight no more forever". For the point, name this tribe of the Pacific Northwest that attempted to go to Canada in 1877 under the leadership of Chief Joseph.

Nez Perce

(9) An intermezzo in Robert Schumann's Carnaval depicts this person. He composed his best known work as a court musician for Napoleon's sister Elisa, and later became one of Pauline Bonaparte's many lovers. His acquisition of a viola by Stradivarius spurred him to commission Berlioz's Harold in Italy, and a melody by this musician was the basis of a Rhapsody by Sergei Rachmaninoff. A set of twenty-four caprices were written by, for ten points, what virtuosic Italian violinist?

Nicc´olo Paganini

(4) A student at this school was expelled when he said a tutor named Whittlesey "had no more grace than a chair." While under the leadership of Thomas Clapp, this university faced a conflict between the "Old Lights" and "New Lights." This university is named after a leader in the British East India Company, but it was known as the Collegiate School while it was located in Saybrook. The Skull and Bones secret society was formed at, for ten points, what Ivy League university that, in 1716, moved to New Haven, Connecticut?

Yale University

(6) In this work's epilogue, a trio of ghosts including Queen Tye sing wordlessly. An offstage rendition of Psalm 104 follows a hymn in this opera that is to be sung in the audience's native language. This opera is the final part of its composer's Portrait trilogy. Its libretto, which is mostly taken from records of the Amarna period, depicts a king who sings the "Hymn to the Sun" and marries Nefertiti. For ten points, name this Philip Glass opera about a monotheistic pharaoh.

Akhnaten BONUS: This second entry in Glass's Portrait Trilogy is loosely based on the early life of Mahatma Gandhi and is named for his philosophy of nonviolent resistance. ANSWER: Satyagraha

(1) Archaeol gists believe that this modern country's city of Yeha is the leading candidate for the cap tal of the D'mt Kingdom. The reign of queen Gudit separated the rule of two dynasties in this country, and it contains a set of eleven (+) rock-hewn churches at Lalibela. Zara Yaqob established his capital in this country, which was once ruled by the Zagwe Dynasty. This country's Tigray region was the base of power for the Kingdom of (*) Aksum. The Solomonic Dynasty lasted into the 20th century as rulers of, for ten points, what African country with capital Addis Ababa?

Ethiopia BONUS: What loosely allied group of Anti-Communist were defeated in the Russian Civil War by the Vladimir Lenin-led Bolsheviks? ANSWER: White Army (accept White Movement; accept White Guard

(16) One painting by this artist depicts a group of huddled, weary pilgrims heading to San Isidro. Another painting in the same collection by this artist depicts two men fighting each other with cudgels. This court painter of Charles IV depicted men on horseback stampeding through crowds of citizens in his painting The Charge of the Mamelukes. This artist paired that painting with one depicting a man in white with outstretched arms about to be shot. For the point, name this artist of The Black Paintings who depicted French troops executing the defenders of Madrid in Third of May, 1808

Francisco Jos´e de Goya y Lucientes

(1) This man's philanthropic efforts included founding a School of Music in his home city of Rochester, New York. This man, who suffered from spinal pain late in life, wrote a suicide note reading "To my friends: my work is done. Why wait?" This man's company, founded on the strength of David Houston's patent for a roll film holder, filed for bankruptcy in 2012, having failed to adjust to digital photography. For the point, name this entrepreneur who founded Kodak.

George Eastman

(5) Soldiers from this dynasty allegedly filled nine sacks with ears from Polish captives at Legnica [leg-neetz-ah]. The last ruler of this dynasty, Sheikh Ahmed, was imprisoned by former Lithuanian allies who had aided this dynasty at the Vorskla River against Tamerlane. This dynasty was founded by Batu after the death of M¨ongke Khan and centered at Sarai. For the point, name this Mongolian khanate, named for the color of its tents.

Golden Horde Page 1 NHBB A-Set Bee 2016-2017 Bee Round 1

(10) A Mitchell and Webb skit inverts the story of this figure by comparing his implied unexpected nature to an "albino Nubian" and climaxes by calling Jesus a racist. In the series finale of Seinfeld, the four main characters are arrested for violating a law named for this figure when they record an obese man's carjacking and fail to call 911 or stop the crime. A series of laws protecting bystanders who try to help those in need are named for, for the point, what Biblical figure from a parable of Jesus who assists an injured stranger?

Good Samaritan (accept the Parable of the Good Samaritan or other elaborations) Page 2 NHBB A-Set Bee 2016-2017 Bee Round 2

(1) This location was rediscovered by Adam Render and Karl Mauch, the latter of whom sent press reports to Germany noting he had discovered Solomon's temple. The Eastern Enclosure of this location's Hill Complex is speculated to have held eight carved soapstone birds. The Great Enclosure is part of, for ten points, what 15th century city ruins near the town of Masvingo that lends its name to an African country with capital at Harare?

Great Zimbabwe (prompt on Zimbabwe) BONUS: The Great Zimbabwe ruins include artifacts of the these people's trading system, which extended to the Zambezi and Limpopo Rivers. ANSWER: Shona people

(7) This city's Park River was buried after a 1936 flood, and it is home to the nation's oldest publicly funded park, Bushnell Park. According to legend, Samuel Wyllys helped hide a document from Edmund Andros inside a tree here. This city, home to the armory of Samuel Colt and the Charter Oak, also hosted a meeting supported by the Essex Junto that discussed New England secession. Federalists opposed to the War of 1812 met in, for ten points, what city, the capital of Connecticut?

Hartford

(62) A poem addressed to a woman of this name begins "When you are very old" and was written by Pierre de Ronsard. A woman with this name in an Edgar Allan Poe poem reminds the speaker of "the glory that was Greece, / And the grandeur that was Rome." When a shade of this name is conjured in the play Doctor Faustus, she is asked "Was this the face that launch'd a thousand ships?" For the point, name the wife of Menelaus whose elopement with Paris sparked the Trojan War.

Helen (accept Helen of Troy)

(1) Murray Rothbart called this man's magnum opus the "greatest work of libertarian philosophy ever written." Margaret Thatcher's proclamation that "There Is No Alternative" derives from this man's work. This author's attempts to introduce Lamarckism to sociology were opposed by the American Sociological Association. In a dissent, Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr. proclaimed that "The 14th Amendment does not enact" this person's most famous work. For ten points, name this Victorian political theorist and author of Social Statics who coined the term "survival of the fittest."

Herbert Spencer

(3) A ruler of this dynasty used "Hanging Judge" George Jeffreys to punish participants of a rebellion against him in the Bloody Assizes. A war with the Dutch during this dynasty's reign included the devastating Raid on the Medway. An interregnum during this dynasty was dominated by elites known as the Grandees and included a government called the Protectorate. William and Mary's Glorious Revolution overthrew a ruler from, for ten points, what dynasty that succeeded the Tudor Dynasty when James I ascended to the English throne?

House of Stuart BONUS: For his supposed lack of good judgment, James I was termed the "wisest" one of what people "in Christendom" by Anthony Weldon? ANSWER: fool (do not accept any other answer)

(3) Phrenologists noticed that bones of people from this civilization apparently exhibited Negroid facial features and argued that this civilization was visited by African traders, though less so in inland sites in the Tuxtla [toosh-t'lah] mountains. Archaeological sites of this civilization, like El Manati and San Lorenzo, show minor evidence of child sacrifice, collections of jade masks, and an "elongated man" style of figurine. For ten points, name this Mesoamerican civilization, claimed by Matthew Stirling to be the earliest, best known for its giant stone heads.

Olmec civilization BONUS: This Olmec site in modern Tabasco, Mexico features the 100-foot-tall "Great Pyramid" complex and four massive heads. ANSWER: La Venta Page 3 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2015-2016 Bowl Round 12

(4) People who used this system relied on the Donation Land Act to officially guarantee their land rights, which had been quasi-legally promised by a set of Organic Laws. This system titles a book of "Sketches of (+) Prairie and Rocky-Mountain Life" by Francis Parkman. The objective of the York Factory Express was similar to that of this system, for which Thomas Farnham and John (*) Gantt served as guides. Landmarks along its way included Fort Kearney. For the points, name this trail used by settlers traveling west to the Willamette Valley.

Oregon Trail Page 1 NHBB Nationals Bee 2016-2017 Bee Playoff Round 1

(37) During this event, George Dodd's successful 7th Cavalry charge later led to his promotion to brigadier general. Its leader later lamented its failure by saying his group was "sneaking home under cover, like a whipped cur with its tail between its legs." During this event, Lieutenant (+) George Patton strapped three captives to the hoods of his convoy after winning a skirmish against Julio Cardenas. Launched in retaliation for an earlier attack on (*) Columbus, New Mexico, it was led by "Black Jack" Pershing. For the point, name this 1916 to 1917 U.S. military operation that failed to capture a Mexican revolutionary.

Pershing Expedition (or Pancho Villa Expedition; or Punitive Expedition; prompt on Mexican Expedition)

(12) This scandal was exacerbated by contemporary commentary delivered by Margaret Bayard Smith. The central subject of this scandal later married Antonio Buchignani, a music teacher who absconded with her savings and her (+) granddaughter. During this scandal, Emily Donelson was fired from her position as hostess in the (*) White House. This scandal was touched off when a Secretary of War was found to have married a widow. For the points, name this scandal in which John Eaton was ostracized by Washington society during the Jackson administration.

Petticoat Affair (accept the Eaton Affair or Eaton Malaria before Eaton is read, and prompt thereafter) Page 3 NHBB Nationals Bee 2016-2017 Bee Playoff Round 1

(3) This man created the National Energy Program in response to the oil shocks of the 1970s. One of his attempts at constitutional reform, the Victoria Charter, was defeated by Robert Bourassa. This man suppressed a terrorist group by invoking the War Powers Act during the October Crisis. This Prime Minister passed the Charter of Rights and Freedoms and promoted equality between French and English. For ten points, name this Liberal prime minister of Canada, a native of Quebec whose son is the current prime minister.

Pierre Trudeau (prompt on Trudeau) BONUS: Trudeau's National Energy Program proved deeply unpopular in this western province, where large oil deposits are found in the Athabasca oil sands. ANSWER: Alberta Page 3 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2016-2017 Bowl Round 1

(2) In February 2016, this country rejected proposed constitutional amendment that would have allowed pres dents to run for fourth term. A proposed gas trade plan by this country's Pres dent, Gonzalo Sanchez de Lozada, led to the (+) "Gas War" in October 2003. In 2013, this country's leader was forced to land in Vienna after there were erroneous suspicions that his plane was carrying (*) Edward Snowden. This country has been led by the Movement for Socialism since 2005, part of Latin America's Pink Tide. For ten points, name this South American country currently led by President Evo Morales.

Plurinational State of Bolivia

(8) In this country, the Trail of the Eagles' Nests is a series of 25 castles built by this country's only king to be styled "the Great." This country's first Christian ruler, Mieszko I, conquered Mazovia for the Piast dynasty, a ruling house that ended after the death of the aforementioned Casimir the Great. For ten points, name this European country that joined in a 17th century commonwealth with Lithuania and maintained dual capitals at Vilnius and Krakow.

Poland Second Quarter

(45) This title, traditionally conferred with the Earldom of Chester, was not held during the reign of George VI. One ship bearing this name is the second of two Queen Elizabeth-class aircraft carriers, and another ship of this name was, with the HMS (+) Repulse, one of the first capital ships sunk by aircraft. The first holder of this title in its modern use was the future Edward II, who took it from its last independent holder, (*) Owain Glendowyr. For the point, name this title, currently held by Prince Charles and given to the heir-apparent of the United Kingdom.

Prince of Wales

(4) This man espoused his hate for Catholics in the book Foreign Conspiracy Against the Liberties of the United States. Chemistry professor Leonard Gale helped this man perfect his most famous invention, which was boosted by Maine congressman Francis O.J. Smith's funding for a 38-mile-long structure from Washington D.C. to Baltimore that transmitted the words "What hath God wrought" in 1844. For ten points, name this American inventor of the single-wire telegraph system.

Samuel Finley Breese Morse

(12) This man was made surveyor-general of victualling during the Second Anglo-Dutch War. He used a form of shorthand known as tachygraphy [tacky-graphy], and employed several foreign languages when describing affairs with women such as Deborah Willet. He wrote about using tobacco to ward off the Great Plague and described ascending the Tower of London to witness the "lamentable" Great Fire of London. For the point, name this Londoner who chronicled everyday life from 1660 to 1669 in his extensive diary.

Samuel Pepys ([PEEPS], but be lenient)

(4) This man was blocked from command by Publius Sulpicius Rufus and was opposed in Hispania by Quintus Sertorius. He defeated his rival, Archelaus, at both Chaeronea and Orchomenus during the First (+) Mithridatic War. This ruler, who was awarded a grass crown for his bravery in the Social War and captured Jugurtha during a campaign in (*) Numidia, began the practice of targeting political opponents with proscription. For ten points, name this Roman dictator who began the era of civil wars by defeating Gaius Marius.

Lucius Cornelius Sulla Page 9 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2016-2017 Bowl Round 7

(13) This leader refused to renew the Reinsurance Treaty because he preferred his personal diplomacy. The Algeciras Conference was called after this man called for the independence of Morocco. His emotional outbursts led to diplomatic isolation after the Daily Telegraph Incident, and an incendiary speech he gave during the Boxer Rebellion led to his men being called Huns. This man replaced Moltke the Younger after the failure of the Schlieffen Plan. For the point, name this leader of Germany who abdicated after World War I and was its last Kaiser.

Wilhelm II (or William II

(7) This country began to clear out slum areas in 2005 in Operation Drive Out Rubbish, years after launching "Fast Track Reforms" that seized land from minority white populations. This country gained its independence after the Bush War and the signing of the Lancaster House Accords with Great Britain. Morgan Tsvangirai's [chong-ghee-rai's] Movement for Democratic Change currently opposes this country's ruling party, ZANU-PF. For the point, name this African country currently led by Robert Mugabe.

Zimbabwe

(8) This piece's first movement quotes the folk song "Oy, kryatshe, kryatshe," traditionally sung by Ukrainian beggars, as part of an unusally long introduction in the relative major of D-flat. This piece was premiered in Boston by (+) Hans von B¨ulow after being rejected by its intended performer, Nikolai Rubenstein. In 1958, at the height of the Cold War, the American (*) Van Cliburn performed this piece in Moscow to win a competition named for its composer. For ten points, name this work for keyboard and orchestra, written by the composer of the 1812 Overture.

Tchaikovsky's Piano Concerto no. 1 in B flat minor, Op. 23 (prompt on partial answers; must have composer, specific genre, and number) Page 12 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2015-2016 Bowl V Final

(6) This non-Europe continent's "Character" was described in an 1830 work by Hegel that elucidated the idea of the "Absolute" in philosophy. Jean-Paul Sartre wrote the preface to one work by an author from this country that applied Marxist principles to colonialism; that work was Frantz Fanon's The Wretched of the Earth. Edward Said [sai eed] argued against the stereotyping of the northern part of this non-Asia continent in his Orientalism. For ten points, name this continent that was divided up by Europe during its namesake "Scramble" in the late-19th century.

Africa

(3) This ruler put down a Pecheneg siege of his city before fighting a war against the Seljuks. This man defeated and blinded Nikephoros Bryennios the Elder, but married his daughter to Nikephoros's son of the same name. This ruler lost the Battle of Dyrrhachium to Robert Guiscard during a Norman invasion of his territory; Guiscard's death is related in Book 6 of a historical text compiled by this man's daughter, Anna, and named for him. For the point, name this Byzantine emperor who requested the First Crusade.

Alexius Commenus (or Alexios Komnenos or similar pronunciations; accept Alexius Commenus or Alexios Komnenos; prompt on Alexius)

(13) During this man's presidency, Secretary of the Treasury Oliver Wolcott was forced to resign when he was accused of trying to burn down the State Department. This president turned many GermanAmericans against his party when he ordered the suppression of Fries's Rebellion. Residency requirements for obtaining citizenship were increased to fourteen years by this man's government via the Alien and Sedition Acts. For the point, name this second president of the U.S.

John Adams (prompt on Adams; do not accept John Quincy Adams)

(27) This empire's history was detailed in a comprehensive historical encyclopedia called the Suda. One historian greatly exaggerated the atrocities committed by one ruler of this empire, claiming that "ten thousand times ten thousand times ten thousand" people died during his reign. A female historian born to of a powerful ruler of this empire wrote about her father's reign in the Alexiad. For the point, name this empire written about by John Skylitzes, Anna Comnena, and Procopius, who wrote the Secret History about the reign of Justinian I.

Byzantine Empire

(4) A ship of this name had its cannon, the Peacemaker designed by then captain Robert Stockton. A city of this name was briefly the site of the U.S. cap tal at Nassau Hall. Hugh Mercer died leading Amer can forces at battle of this name, where (+) garrison under Charles Mawhood retreated after George Washington's assault. An explosion on board a ship of this name killed (*) Abel Upshur but left sitting president John Tyler uninjured. For ten points, name this site of an American Revolutionary War victory that followed the Battle of Trenton, a New Jersey city home to a historic university.

Princeton (accept Battle of Princeton; accept USS Princeton Page 9 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2016-2017 Bowl Round 2

(2) During this dynasty, Chancellor Wang Anshi implemented the "New Policies," which were criticized by poet Su Shi, leading to Shi's eventual exile. Mongke Khan died while besieging this dynasty at the Battle of Diaoyu Fortress in Chongqing. This dynasty's rulers resolved border conflicts with the Liao dynasty, which was later overthrown in a combined effort by this dynasty and the Jurchen people. This dynasty is split into distinct "Northern" and "Southern" periods due to the loss of northern China to the Jin Dynasty in 1127. The first use of gunpowder came during, for ten points, what Chinese dynasty that was conquered by the Mongols in 1279?

Song Dynasty

(1) Shortly before his death, an opponent of this policy was shackled naked to the back of a Land Rover during an 1100 kilometer road trip. A campaign of "rolling mass action" against this policy led to the Bisho massacre, carried out by the armed forces of the Ciskei (+) Bantustan. The armed group Umkhonto We Sizwe was established to fight this policy after the Sharpeville Massacre. This policy ended after the National Party was defeated in a 1994 election. (*) Desmond Tutu and Nelson Mandela opposed, for ten points, what policy that denied black people rights in South Africa?

apartheid

(11) In this year, Maryland senator Charles Mathias criticized his party's drift towards radicalism and considered a primary run. John Tower was chosen to manage one candidate's campaign at his party's nominating convention in this year, only to not be chosen as a delegate after his candidate lost Texas. This year was the most recent in which no candidate won enough delegates to automatically become the nominee. For ten points, name this year in which the Republican convention resulted in Gerald Ford defeating Ronald Reagan, only to lose the general election to Jimmy Carter.

1976

(4) One ruler with this name introduced the Siete Partidas Law Code. The Fifth Siege of Gibraltar ended when a ruler of this name died from the bubonic plague. Maria Christina of Austria served as regent for a ruler of this name, and signed the Treaty of Paris on his behalf to end war with the United States. One ruler with this named backed the dictatorship of Miguel Primo de Rivera, which led to his overthrow. For the point, give this name of thirteen Kings of Castile and Spain.

Alfonso

(9) The cavalry of the losers in this battle were weakened by a glanders infection. One side in this battle reinforced the villages of Oberglau and Lutzingen. A month before this battle, the victors in this battle captured a key supply station at Schellenberg. Along with another commander, Eugene of Savoy defeated troops led by the Duc de Tallard, who was captured during this battle. For ten points, name this major victory for the Grand Alliance that knocked Bavaria out of the War of the Spanish Succession, after which the Duke of Marlborough named his country estate.

Battle of Blenheim BONUS: Marlborough's rise to favor was in part due to the influence of this strong-willed woman, Queen Anne's close friend and adviser. During the war, she kept him updated with court intrigue, while he sent her political advice to be passed to the Queen. ANSWER: Sarah Jennings, Duchess of Marlborough (accept either)

(31) Before this battle, one man supposedly declared that all was lost because he had sneezed out his tooth. One army waited for the full moon before leaving for this battle; they arrived in time to see the celebration of the Carneia. Hippias led Datis and Artaphernes to this battle, where Callimachus disappeared and Miltiades ordered a charge of hoplites. For the point, name this 490 BC battle that ended Darius's invasion of Greece, after which Pheidippides returned to Athens in an exceptionally long run.

Battle of Marathon Page 6 NHBB Nationals Bee 2015-2016 Bee Round 1

(7) Vincent Og´e [oh-zhay] called for certain rights granted by this document to be extended to men of color. This 17-article document's lack of women's (+) rights prompted the creation of a similar document two years later by Olympe de Gouges [oh-lamp de goozh]. This document's first article only approved of "social distinctions" that were in the interest of the (*) "common good." The National Assembly passed and the Marquis de Lafayette helped write, for the points, what 1789 French document inspired by the Declaration of Independence?

Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen (accept D´eclaration des droits de l'homme et du citoyen)

(21) This man sold his land holdings at Willow Run to enable the construction of a bomber factory during World War Two. This man's personal secretary, Ernest Liebold, pushed him to acquire The Dearborn Independent to promulgate his anti-Semitic views. This man established the five-dollar workday and quipped that people could purchase his company's signature product in any color they liked, so long as that color was black. For the point, name this American automaker who marketed the Model T.

Henry Ford Page 4 NHBB A-Set Bee 2016-2017 Bee Round 1

(17) This composer set "Thou Knowest Lord" in his music for a royal funeral and commissioned the birthday ode Come Ye Sons of Art, both for Queen Mary II. An Ode on the Death of this composer was written by his teacher, John (+) Blow. The rondeau from his incidental music to the Aphra Behn play Abdelazer was used by Benjamin Britten as the theme to his Young Person's Guide to the Orchestra. In another of his works, a (*) Carthaginian queen sings the lament "When I am laid in Earth". For the point, name this English Baroque composer of the opera Dido and Aeneas.

Henry Purcell Page 4 NHBB Nationals Bee 2015-2016 Bee Final Round

(17) These people initiated the Slaughter of the Knezes against Serbian noblemen so that they could keep power within the Sanjak of Smederevo. After their leaders were executed in the Tower of Blood, these people were replaced by the "Victorious Soldiers of Muhammad." Mahmud II ultimately disbanded this group in the 1826 Auspicious Incident. Members of this group were conscripted as young boys and converted from Christianity to Islam. For the point, name this elite Ottoman infantry corps.

Janissaries (or Janissary corps, etc.)

(6) This man presented Augustus III of Poland with a two-movement liturgical work that he later expanded. This composer used a Martin Luther hymn as the basis for his Easter cantata Christ lag in Todes Banden. One of his pieces unusually calls the Credo "Symbolum Nicenum," and an unfinished work of his, written for unspecified instrumentation, includes four canons and fourteen "contrapuncti." For ten points, name this Baroque composer of a Mass in B Minor and The Art of the Fugue

Johann Sebastian Bach BONUS: Among Bach's works, two of these sacred cantatas, written for use on Good Friday, survive today, The one based on the Gospel of Matthew was famously revived in 1829 by Felix Mendelssohn. ANSWER: Passions (accept St. Matthew Passion and/or St. John Passion Page 4 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2016-2017 Bowl Backup Packet 1

(4) This city's community of Lenasia is historically home to its Indian population, and its Carlton Centre is the tallest skyscraper on its continent. This city was established following the discovery of gold along the Witwatersrand. A formerly-separate suburb of this city is home to Orlando Stadium, which black students marched to in a 1976 protest against the mandatory teaching of Afrikaans. Soweto Township is now part of, for ten points, what city, the most populous in South Africa?

Johannesburg

(13) This artist created an image of a subject resting his hand on a bannister in the White House, the official presidential portrait of Theodore Roosevelt. In another work by this artist, men with their hands on each other's shoulders and bandages over their eyes walk in a line, showing the effects of mustard gas on soldiers during World War I. His supposedly anonymous portrait of the Parisian socialite Virginie Gautreau in a black dress was later revised to be more modest. For the point, name this painter of Gassed and Portrait of Madame X

John Singer Sargent

(29) The daughter-in-law of a character played by this actor is burned alive in a church by a British colonel; this actor played Benjamin Martin in that film, whose climactic scene is the Colonial victory at Cowpens. This star of The (+) Patriot directed a film in which a Seventh-day Adventist medic helps wounded soldiers to safety during the Battle of Okinawa. This actor starred in a (*) 1995 film in which he yells "Freedom!" before being decapitated, shortly after he lost at Falkirk. For the points, name this Oscar-nominated director of Hacksaw Ridge who played William Wallace in Braveheart.

Mel Gibson

(3) After taking power in 2011, this country's current leader reached cease-fire accords with Shan and Karen insurgents. The supposed expansion of Islam in this country is opposed by the Buddhist monk Ashin Wirathu, and by its (+) 969 Movement. This country is home to a rebel group called the Kachin Independence Army and a Rohingya Muslim minority. It is currently led by (*) Thein Sein, and its opposition National League for Democracy is led by Aung San Suu Kyi [ang san soo chee]. For ten points, name this country that moved its capital to Naypyidaw in 2005.

Republic of the Union of Myanmar (or Burma)

(19) This author worked with Elisabeth Burgos-Debray on an autobiography that David Stoll criticized for assuming the inevitability of armed guerrilla warfare. This activist earned 3% of the popular vote in presidential elections in 2007 and 2011, which were won by Otto P´erez (+) Molina. The Nobel committee recognized the five hundredth anniversary of Columbus' voyage to the New World while granting this (*) woman the 1992 Nobel Peace Prize for her work advocating for human rights of the Quich´e [kee-chay] people and other indigenous Central Americans. For the point, name this Guatemalan human rights activist.

Rigoberta Mench´u Tum

(4) In a November 2016 interview, this man stated "Dick Cheney. Darth Vader. Satan. That's power." During this man's divorce proceedings, his ex-wife Mary Louis Piccard said he did not want to send his children to the Archer School for Girls because "there were too many Jews there." On January 28, this man was controversially added to the Principals Committee for the National Security Council, and he served as Trump's Campaign CEO from August to November 2016. For ten points, name this White House Chief Strategist, a former executive of the ultra-Conservative site Breitbart.

Steve Bannon BONUS: Other people responsible for running Trump's presidential campaign included this rival of Paul Manafort. He came under criticism for allegedly manhandling Breitbart reporter Michelle Fields during a March 2016 press conference in Florida. ANSWER: Corey Lewandowski

(3) This man claimed that the "Freedom Club" was responsible for his works, including a document sent to the Washington Post outlining his concern with modernization. This author of Industrial Society and Its Future resigned his math professorship at UC Berkeley at age 26. In 1996, this man was found by authorities in a log cabin in Montana. Three people were killed via mailed pipebombs by, for the point, what domestic terrorist whose nickname refers to his targets, universities and airports?

Theodore John "Ted" Kaczynski (accept the Unabomber

(24) During this event, Herman Husband was arrested by a "Watermelon Army," despite his moderate voice at a convention in modern-day Monongahela. During this event, Bower Hill, the home of General John Neville, was burned to the ground. A Congressman charged that Alexander Hamilton deliberately provoked this violent event, which was suppressed by an army led by George Washington himself. For the point, name this 1790's uprising in western Pennsylvania that was directed against a tax on alcohol.

Whiskey Rebellion

(7) This man's participation as an Arizona poll watcher in Operation Eagle Eye, a Republican minority vote-disruption campaign, was challenged by the Senate during his confirmation hearings. This graduate of Stanford Law School dated Sandra Day O'Connor during his time there. This Chief Justice's opinion in US v. Morrison limited the power of the Violence Against Women Act of 1994. For the point, name this man who was succeeded by John Roberts as Chief Justice after his 2005 death.

William Rehnquist

(16) A document found near the site of this event is addressed "To Boddah" and ends by quoting Neil Young's lyric "it's better to burn out than to fade away." This event was the subject of private detective Tom Grant's film Soaked in Bleach. It nearly happened a month earlier in Rome, which was noted at the end of the documentary Montage of Heck. After this event, Sweet 75 was formed by Krist Novoselic, while Dave Grohl formed Foo Fighters. Courtney Love questioned whether this event was a murder. For the point, name this 1994 event in which the frontman of Nirvana ended his life.

death of Kurt Cobain (accept suicide or equivalents; accept shooting or equivalents)

(12) The Paralus and the Salaminia were two sacred parts of this organization, which won a decisive victory at the Battle of the Eurymedon River. Xanthippus led this organization to victory at the Battle of Mycale, supposedly on the same day as the Battle of Plataea. This force, which was based out of the Piraeus, was the subject of a prophecy that "wooden walls" would protect its city from the Persians. Themistocles is considered the father of, for the point, what maritime force, at its peak the largest in Greece, in the service of the birthplace of democracy?

navy of Athens (prompt on partial answers, like "Athens' military")

(7) The October Massacre occurred in this war, during which South Africa intervened to protect hydroelectric dam in Oper tion Savannah.Jose dos Santos was the successor of Agostinho Neto in this war, in which peace treaties were repeatedly derailed by Jonas (+) Savimbi. Fidel Castro's regime sent Cuban troops to aid one side in this war. This war was contested between (*) UNITA and the MPLA, and began immediately after the withdrawal of Portugal. For ten points, name this African civil war that began in 1975 and caused rural refugees to travel to the capital, Luanda.

Angolan Civil War

(3) Liz Carpenter was a staff director under this woman, whose quote "Where flowers bloom, so does hope" was often used in her promotion of the Highway Beautification Act. This author of A White House Diary was married to a president who died of a heart attack five years after deciding not to run for re-election. For ten points, name this woman who became First Lady aboard Air Force One in 1963, the wife of Lyndon Johnson.

Claudia Alta Johnson (accept Claudia Alta "Lady Bird Johnson; prompt on Johnson or LBJ) BONUS: Claudia Johnson was a strong proponent of her husband's Great Society platform, including this program that provides early childhood education and nutrition support to low-income families. ANSWER: Head Start Page 3 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2016-2017 Bowl Round 3

(6) While being led to his execution, this man told fellow inmate Payne Best "This is the end; for me, the beginning of life." This man, who distinguished between "cheap" and "costly" types of grace in The Cost of Discipleship, was killed after being exposed as a co-planner of the July 20th Plot while he worked as an Abwehr agent. This man worked with Karl Barth to help found the Confessing Church, which opposed the Protestant unification attempts of the Nazis. For ten points, name this Lutheran pastor and dissident.

Dietrich Bonhoeffer

(10) One of these people appears in an 1888 painting depicting his purported smothering of party guests with rose petals dropped from the ceiling. A boy's face is scratched out of a well-preserved tondo depicting one of these people with his wife and two sons. A baby riding on a (+) dolphin grabs onto the cloak of one of these people in a statue discovered in the city of Prima Porta. A gilt bronze statue of one of these people stands atop a (*) column with a spiral bas-relief depicting his victory in the Dacian War. For ten points, name these people depicted in works like The Roses of Heliogabalus and on Trajan's Column.

Emperors of Rome (or Caesar; prompt on Romans or Roman men) Extra Question Only read if you need a backup or tiebreaker!

Only read if moderator botches a question. (1) Mikael Agricola translated the New Testament into the language of this country. Kurt Wallenius was imprisoned after leading an uprising in Mantsala by the Lapua Movement in this country, whose White Guard defeated the Red Guard during a civil war. The Grand Duchy of this modern day country was established shortly after the Diet of Porvoo. Frederick Charles of Hesse was briefly king of, for the point, what Scandinavian country whose capital is Helsinki?

Finland

(24) This man ordered troops to besiege Sidi Ifni after a series of rebellions broke out in the Forgotten War. Though his country was officially neutral in World War II, he dispatched the Blue Division to fight against the Soviet Union. The reputation of this man grew after serving as head of the Foreign Legion in the Rif War. This man merged the Carlist and Falange parties and requested the German Condor Legion's bombing of Guernica in his country's civil war. For the point, name this Spanish fascist dictator.

Francisco Franco

(4) The USS Charrette was given to this country's navy and renamed the Velos, but its crew mutinied while docked at Fiumicino. Children were forcibly evacuated from communist controlled areas of this country and into camps run by Queen Frederica of Hanover. This country was ruled by the "Regime of the Colonels," and the Enosis movement sought to unite Cyprus with this country. For ten points, name this Balkan country whose capital is Athens.

Greece or (Hellenic Republic)

(10) This country passed the Objectives Resolution as the basis for its constitution. It fought a nationalist movement in its eastern half with Operation Searchlight and its incursion across the Line of Control started the Kargil War. The Lahore Resolution proposed the creation of this country, which lies on the northwest side of the Radcliffe Line. For ten points, name this South Asian nation that, in 1967, officially moved its capital from Rawalpindi to Islamabad.

Islamic Republic of Pakistan Page 2 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2016-2017 Bowl Round 2 Second Quarter

(8) This war was prompted by the death of John Sassamon, and its northern front was called the First Abenaki War. Josiah Winslow led the victorious forces in one of this war's battles, the Great Swamp Fight. Mary Rowlandson wrote her captivity narrative about this war which was ended by the Treaty of Casco Bay. This war, which destroyed the Narragansett, was named for the son of Massasoit who had sheltered the Pilgrims 50 years earlier. For ten points, name this war in which the New England colonies defeated a namesake Native American leader.

King Philip's War (or Metacomet's War; accept equivalents like "rebellion" for war)

(15) In this work, one character teaches Mozart's Clarinet Concerto to a group of Chinese soldiers, while another character remembers hearing a clucking chicken that was actually a crying child. This work was five times the standard length for its series, was officially titled "Goodbye, Farewell, and Amen," and ends as Hawkeye's helicopter takes him away from the Korean War. For the point, name this 1983 television event, which still holds the record for most-watched TV series finale.

M*A*S*H series finale (accept descriptions; accept M*A*S*H alone once "series finale" is read; prompt on other partial answers; accept Goodbye, Farewell, and Amen before mentioned)

(2) In the 1970's, a Chinese scientist introduced a new recommended treatment for this disease after reading a traditional Chinese medicine source written in 340 AD. Tu Youyou was awarded the 2015 Nobel Prize in medicine for her discovery of a medication used to treat this disease named artemisinin. Individuals with the sickle-cell anemia gene are resistant to, for ten points, what infectious disease that can be avoided by using simple bed nets, thus keeping away Anopheles mosquitoes?

malaria

(8) These two countries engaged in the battle of Lund, which was instigated by the earlier Treaty of Roskilde. One war between these two countries was known as the Lennart (+) Torstennson war and arose over the collecting of the Sound Dues. Wars between these two countries often contested the region of Scania. The final battle between these two countries was in 1710 at Helsingborg. During the (*) Thirty Years War, the Treaty of Bromesbro was signed between these two countries by Axel Oxenstierna and Christian IV. For ten points, name these two Nordic countries separated by the Oresund strait between the North and Baltic seas.

Sweden and Denmark

(4) Damien Hirst's For The Love of God is a platinum cast of one of these objects covered in diamonds. One of these objects appears larger than life in a double portrait of two envoys to Henry VIII, Jean de Dinteville and Georges de Selve; that object is shown anamorphically, or distorted, on the floor in the front of Hans Holbein's painting of The Ambassadors. For ten points, name these bones, commonly shown with flowers in still life works by Georgia O'Keeffe.

skulls (prompt on bones before mention) BONUS: Skulls were a common subject for this type of painting, named for the Latin for "emptiness." 17th century Dutch still life artists commonly made these works, were meant to reflect life's fleetingness. ANSWER: van tas (prompt on memento mori)

(3) The third stanza of this poem describes the image of a horse wading a river around a steadfast stone. The speaker of this poem twice notes his use of "polite meaningless words" in conversation. Three stanzas of this poem close with the words "a terrible beauty is born." The speaker references MacDonagh, MacBride, Connolly and Pearse, who were executed by the British. For ten points, name this poem by William Butler Yeats that commemorates the leaders of a failed Irish uprising.

"Easter, 1916"

(59) In what is now this country, Sri Indraditya founded the Phra Ruang dynasty, later led by King Ram Khamhaeng, who created a modern alphabet. In the 17th century, Narai ruled another kingdom in this modern country, accepting French diplomats and missionaries like Guy Tachard. European powers never colonized this Asian country, which was once ruled by Mongkut. For the point, name this modern-day country where the Sukhothai and Ayutthaya [ah-yoo-tah-yah] kingdoms once ruled in what the Europeans called Siam.

Kingdom of Thailand (accept Siam before mentioned)

(13) During this war, Congressman Joe Martin read a letter stating "there is no substitute for victory." Near the end of this war, a series of battles during a stalemate included the Battles of the Punchbowl and Pork Chop Hill. This war's MiG Alley was contested by numerous jet fighters, and during this war, the popular Douglas MacArthur was relieved of command by President Truman. The U.S. led the UN Command in, for the point, what 1950 to 1953 war fought on an Asian peninsula?

Korean War

(19) This monarch lost the Duchy of Parma to Spain in the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle. This ruler was influenced by Jewish courtier Abraham Theben and sent physician Gerard van Swieten to investigate reports of vampires. This monarch allied with Louis XV in a deal arranged by her minister, Wenzel Anton von Kaunitz, in the Diplomatic Revolution. Salic Law threatened the legitimacy of this monarch's rule, leading her father, Charles VI, to pass a Pragmatic Sanction. For the point, name this Austrian Empress who lost the War of the Austrian Succession.

Maria Theresa of Austria

(31) During this event, Gustav Courbet was forced to flee to Switzerland after advocating for the destruction of the Vendˆome Column. Many participants in this event were shot in P`ere Lachaise [pair la-shez] cemetery or deported to New Caledonia. The Hˆotel de Ville, Tuileries and Louvre library were destroyed by arson during this event, which was opposed by Adolphe Thiers [tee-air]. The Bloody Week ended, for the point, what radical socialist government that briefly ruled Paris in 1871?

Paris Commune

(22) During this war, Manie Maritz massacred thirty five members of the Khoikhoi tribe in the Leliefontein Massacre. "Remember Majuba" became a rallying cry in this war, whose popularity in Europe allowed Lord Salisbury to win the first khaki election. Emily Hobhouse exposed, and the Fawcett Commission confirmed, the use of concentration camps under Lord Kitchener in this war. Louis Botha led guerrilla warriors against the British in, for the point, what early 20th century war over the Transvaal in South Africa?

Second Anglo-Boer War

(8) James Conway founded a powerful democratic faction in this state called "The Family." In a conflict in this state, a speech by Jack Agery about a fearsome bull led one side to be labeled the "Brindle Tails;" that Reconstruction-era conflict arose after disputes over an 1872 gubernatorial election and was known as the Brooks-Baxter War. In a Civil War battle in this state, Samuel Curtis defeated Earl Van Dorn at Pea Ridge. For ten points, name this state where railroad construction led to immigration to the southern Ozarks and which was the site of Civil War action in cities like Hot Springs and Little Rock.

Arkansas

(6) A bombardment before this battle was halted by Samuel Graves when the Lively's guns woke him up from his sleep. In this battle, William Prescott withdrew his men to Cambridge after running out of ammunition. General Thomas Gage was dismissed after this battle, in which Israel Putnam allegedly ordered his militia to not fire "until you see the whites of their eyes." For ten points, name this early battle of the Revolutionary War that predominantly took place on Breed's Hill.

Battle of Bunker Hill (accept Battle of Breed's Hill before mentioned)

(1) This city's Chinatown district is home to the Sri Mariamann Temple, which was created by Naraina Pillai. The Suntec City complex in this city includes the Fountain of Wealth, which was once the (+) world's largest fountain. Moshe Safdie was inspired by decks of cards for his design of a three-tower resort in this city called the (*) Marina Bay Sands. The Armenian Sarkies Brothers founded a luxury hotel in this city in 1887 and named it for this city's founder, Sir Stamford Raffles. For the points, name this Southeast Asian city-state whose economy has flourished in the five decades since it was expelled from Malaysia.

(Republic of) Singapore

(18) John Adams' diary contains an anecdote about this poem whereby a boy mistranslated the word "sing" as "dog." An omen in this poem involves the main character's father's head bursting into flame. The ghost of Creusa advises a man in this poem, which begins with the invocation "I sing of arms and the man..." This poem's main character battles Turnus and spurns the love of Dido on his journey from Troy to establish the city of Rome. For the point, name this epic poem by Virgil.

(the) Aeneid

(10) The 10th century Denkard compendium lists customs of this religion. Invocations to Apas and Zam, or water and earth, are collected in this religion's Vendidad. This religion holds that the forces of asha and druj work against each other and that souls must cross the Chinvat Bridge for judgment. The legendary king Vishtaspa was the first adherent of this religion, whose worshipers gather in fire temples. The Avesta is the holy scripture of, for ten points, what Iranian religion whose Avesta collects the Gathas, the sayings of its founder, Zarathustra?

Zoroastrianism BONUS: In Zoroastrianism, Ahura Mazda is opposed by this representation of chaos and the destructive spirit. His name is often written upside down in texts to indicate disapproval. ANSWER: Ahriman (or Angra Mainyu)

(3) William Hosea Ballou wrote about one quest for these objects which were found at Como Bluff. The Bayanshiree, Djadokhta, and Nemegt formations make up the world's largest deposits of these objects, which appear in the "Valley of the (+) Dragons." Edward Drinker Cope and Othniel Charles Marsh engaged in a notable conflict over these objects. One of these things featuring two creatures fighting to the death was found in the (*) Gobi Desert, and many have been found in the La Brea Tar Pits. For ten points, name these objects that were the subject of the "Bone Wars," and which include remnants of creatures such as Triceratops.

fossils (prompt on "bones" before mention; prompt on "dinosaurs" and other answers related to extinct species)

(48) Mark Oliphant accomplished this process using hydrogen isotopes in 1932. The Gamow Window refers to the set of conditions under which this process can occur due to quantum tunneling overcoming the Coulomb barrier. Hans Bethe worked out the steps of one form of this process, and the CNO cycle drives the conversion of hydrogen to helium via this process in stars. Martin Fleischmann and Stanley Pons falsely claimed to have generated a "cold" version of, for the point, what process in which two or more atomic nuclei combine to form one heavier atom, contrasted with nuclear fission?

nuclear fusion

(10) These people benefited from a form of welfare known as the cura annonae. These people forced the creation of the Twelve Tables and gained a measure of equality after the Conflict of the Orders. They often lived in the subura neighborhood in tenements known as insulae. Their elected representative could not be harmed, as he was considered sacrosanct, and could convene their namesake council as a tribune. For ten points, name these ordinary citizens of Rome, often at odds with the upper class patricians.

plebeians (or the plebs) Page 2 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2016-2017 Bowl Round 5 Second Quarter

(7) One of these women saved her first husband's life by pleading with the leader of a band of outlaws. One of these people died childless after criticizing a man for his public dancing. Another of these women bore a child who died soon after birth, which was divine punishment for committing adultery with a man who had earlier watched her bathe; that woman's next child succeeded her husband as the king of Israel. For ten points, name this group of women, including Abigail, Michal, and Bathsheba, who were spouses of a certain Jewish monarch.

wives of David

(1) In 2014, the first Fields Medal awarded to a descendant of this country was given for that man's work on the geometry of numbers and the rank of elliptic curves. Another mathematician from this country gave the sine function its original name, jya, while another gave a formula generalizing Heron's Formula for cyclic quadrilaterals. One man from this country left four notebooks of unproven results upon his untimely death in 1920 after being discovered by, and collaborating with, G.H. Hardy. For the point, name this home country of Srinivasa Ramanujan.

Republic of India

(32) This man's four principles for knowledge dealt with the Gettier problem by making justification not necessary for knowledge. This philosopher's idea of the "separateness of persons" led him to advocate a (+) Kantian "kingdom of ends," as well as a minimal police-state. This former President of the American Philosophical Association opposed John (*) Rawls' liberalism in a work that defended libertarian theories of justice. For the points, name this longtime Harvard philosopher and author of Anarchy, State, and Utopia.

Robert Nozick

(51) A neighborhood of this city experienced so much racially motivated violence that it was nicknamed Dynamite Hill. The Cahaba boys set off a bomb, in the midst of a civil rights campaign against Bull Connor's brutal police tactics, near this city's 16th Street Baptist Church. A text produced in this city declared "Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere." For the point, name this Alabama city where an imprisoned Martin Luther King, Jr. wrote a famous letter defending nonviolence.

Birmingham

(5) A guard at this location once hung a pastor naked outdoors in the winter and threw buckets of water on him until he froze to death; that guard, Martin Sommer, was known as the "Hangman of" this place. Another guard at this facility built (+) herself a sports arena after seizing hundreds of thousands of reichsmarks from its prisoners; that guard was Ilse Koch, the "Witch of" this place. Shlomo (*) Wiesel died in this facility after he and his son were taken there from Auschwitz; Elie Wiesel was liberated from this concentration camp in 1945. For ten points, name this Nazi concentration camp near Weimar in Germany whose name means "Beech Forest."

Buchenwald concentration camp (or Konzentrationslager Buchenwald)

(21) This man defeated his rivals Martius Martianus and Licinius at the Battle of Chrysopolis. A document in which this man granted his lands to Sylvester in a namesake "donation" was later proven to be fake. This promulgator of the Edict of Milan allegedly had a vision of a cross-shaped ray of light prior to defeating Maxentius at the Battle of Milvian Bridge, prompting him to convert faiths. For the point, name this 4th century Byzantine ruler who tolerated Christianity within the empire.

Constantine I (or Constantine the Great) Page 4 NHBB B-Set Bee 2016-2017 Bee Round 2

(1) This kingdom was founded when its founder abandoned plans to invade the Liaodong Peninsula and instead initiated a coup d'etat. In 1871, the U.S. launched a military expedition against this kingdom in retaliation for an attack on the merchant ship General Sherman. Its 19th-century isolationist policy led to the nickname of "Hermit Kingdom." Admiral Yi Sun-sin successfully defended this kingdom from two Japanese invasions. It briefly transitioned into an empire before being forcibly annexed by Japan in 1910. For the point, name this kingdom that ruled the Korean peninsula from 1392 to 1897.

Kingdom of Joseon (or Choson

(19) A national cemetery is located in this island's Punchbowl Crater. The Admiral Clarey Bridge was built in a harbor of this island, providing easy connection to Ford Island. Diamond Head overlooks this island's largest city. This island is home to a memorial built over the sunken hull of the USS Arizona, which was lost during a surprise attack on December 7, 1941. For the point, name this most populous Hawaiian island, home to Pearl Harbor and Honolulu.

Oahu

(1) In one battle in this year, Emory Upton used innovative assault column tactics to storm the Mule Shoe salient. In this year, an unsuccessful assault followed the detonation of underground explosives by Ambrose Burnside's men in the Battle of the Crater. The Battle of Spotsylvania Court House occurred in this year, as did the Battle of Yellow Tavern, in which J.E.B. Stuart died. The Siege of Petersburg began in this year that saw the Battle of the Wilderness. Sherman's March to the Sea took place in, for ten points, what year in which Lincoln was re-elected?

1864

(19) A house band at this event at one point played "Marching Through Georgia" to honor the South, not realizing it was William Sherman's marching song. This event eventually selected a West Virginia politician and lawyer who, years later, defended the (+) steel industry in the 1952 Youngstown Sheet and Tube case. This event featured much controversy about selecting William (*) McAdoo or Al Smith, mostly due to McAdoo's support from the Ku Klux Klan. For the points, name this gathering in Madison Square Garden that, after a record 103 ballots, selected John W. Davis for a race he would lose to the incumbent Calvin Coolidge.

1924 Democratic National Convention (accept Klanbake until "Klan" is mentioned, prompting thereafter; accept 1924 DNC; prompt on partial answers)

(9) Benoit Peeters wrote about "the world" of this author. This man wrote the series Quick & Flupke, and his work was influenced by his friend Zhang Chongren. Many of this man's works appeared in Le Petit Vingti`eme. This man pioneered the "ligne claire" drawing style. This man's most famous character made his debut "in the Land of the Soviets" with his dog Snowy. For ten points, name this Belgian author who created the characters Captain Haddock and Tintin.

Herg´e (or Georges Prosper Remi)

(4) This man appointed the British "White Rat," Bob Astles, as head of his anti-corruption unit. He renamed the presidential home "the command post" and instituted the State Research Bureau secret police. This man was overthrown after attempting to seize the region of Kagera from Tanzania. Earlier, this successor of Milton Obote and suspected cannibal expelled all Asians from his country. For ten points, name this dictator of Uganda from 1971 to 1979.

Idi Amin Dada

(2) A Supreme Court case that orig nated in this state upheld the police search of Sam Wardlow. The result of case from this state held that, during police interrogation focusing on single suspect, that suspect has the right to speak with their attorney. The (+) Escobedo case originated in this state, as did a pair of cases that dealt with a state's power to regulate (*) railroad rates for grain transportation. For ten points, name this state that was a participant in the Wabash and Munn cases, the latter of which dealt with a grain warehouse in Chicago.

Illinois

(8) This speech expressed the hope that the U.N. could be "true temple of peace" and not merely "cockpit in Tower of Babel." The speaker noted that "the United States stands at this time at the pinnacle of world power" to an audience at (+) Westminster College, Missouri in 1946. Alternatively called the Sinews of Peace, this speech claimed that, "from (*) Stettin [...] to Trieste," the title construct had "descended across the continent." For ten points, name this speech by Winston Churchill that coined a term for the dividing line between Soviet and non-Soviet spheres.

Iron Curtain speech (accept Sinews of Peace before mentioned) Page 10 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2016-2017 Bowl Round 5 Extra Question Only read if you need a backup or tiebreaker!

(7) This artist attributed his sense of rhythm while painting to his teacher, Thomas Hart Benton. Hans Namuth photographed this reclusive artist painting in his style of gesturalism, which was shared by his rival Willem de Kooning. This artist occasionally used shards of glass to texture his paintings, most of which are numbered. For the point, name this American painter of Lavender Mist and Autumn Rhythm, nicknamed "the Dripper" for his splattered action paintings.

Jackson Pollock

(67) The war of succession over this state ended with the Treaty of Alc´a¸covas [al-kah-soh-vas], which removed Juana de Trast´amara from the succession. This kingdom began as a county of the Kingdom of Leon and was later united with both Leon and Galicia. One ruler of this kingdom, Sancho II, employed El Cid as his standard-bearer, while another oversaw the end of the Reconquista and authorized the Inquisition. For the point, name this kingdom whose Queen Isabella married King Ferdinand of Aragon to form a united Spain.

Kingdom of Castile

(2) One parody of this film ends with an invitation to bask in "television's warm glowing warming glow." In this film, Scatman Crothers' character takes a surprising axe to the chest. Rodney Ascher's documentary Room 237 argues that the distinctive carpet pattern and Danny Torrance's sweater both reference this film's director's supposed filming of the faked Apollo moon landings. For ten points, name this 1980 Stanley Kubrick film starring Jack Nicholson as a caretaker at the haunted Overlook Hotel.

The Shining

(9) An issue of 291 magazine was entirely devoted to this work, possible because the magazine was founded by its artist. A man in a prayer shawl and several women in headscarves stand in the bottom third of this work, whose left side is dominated by a large rising mast and a white drawbridge. This modernist work was taken on the Kaiser Wilhelm II as it traveled from, not to, New York City, as is commonly assumed. For ten points, name this 1907 photograph of lower class passengers, taken by Alfred Stieglitz.

The Steerage

(2) Stagings of this play in the 1950s at Luttringhausen and San Quentin prisons are the subject of the documentary The Impossible Itself. A character in this play confuses a turnip for a carrot, standing near a single tree. In its final act, Pozzo is led on a leash by his slave Lucky. Each act of this play ends with a messenger boy assuring the protagonists that the title character will arrive soon, though he never does. For the point, name this play featuring Vladimir and Estragon, written by Samuel Beckett.

Waiting for Godot (accept En attendant Godot)

(29) The lowest portion of this body of water is Sigsbee Deep. A portion of this body of water, the Bay of Campeche [cam-pay-chay], was home to the Ixtoc I [ish-tok one] blowout. This body of water contains the Macondo Prospect, where an oil rig operated by Transocean for BP exploded in 2010, causing the largest accidental oil spill in history. Deepwater Horizon exploded off the coast of Louisiana in, for the point, what large North American gulf?

Gulf of Mexico ("gulf of" not needed after mentioned)

(6) On one voyage, this explorer stumbled upon a lost member of the Narvaez expedition named Juan Ortiz, who became this man's translator. During this man's expedition, he gave the name Esp´ıritu Santo to an area south of modern Tampa and released the ancestors of modern razorbacks into the wild. This explorer's most famous action is thought to have occurred in the town of Sunflower Landing in 1541 and allowed him to reach areas like Arkansas and Texas. For ten points, name this Spanish explorer who was the first to Mississippi River.

Hernando de Soto BONUS: This leader of the Mobilian tribe in Alabama fought against de Soto in the 1539 Battle of Mabila, losing an arm in a tussle with de Soto's men at the start of the battle. ANSWER: Tuskaloosa Page 4 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2016-2017 Bowl Playoff Packet 8

(5) These people gained independence following the War of the Thuringian Succession, though they would later form unions with cities like Kassel and Marburg. A king of these people, Philip, lost the Battle of Mulhberg while leading the (+) Schmalkaldic League against Charles V. In another war, a force of these people were attacked by troops using the call-sign "victory or death;" in that attack, (*) Johann Rall led a group of these people that were ambushed after an opposing general crossed an icy river on Christmas night. For ten points, name these German mercenaries who fought for England in the Revolutionary War and were ambushed when Washington crossed the Delaware.

Hessians (prompt on Germans)

(8) This man's presence on the first board of trustees at Jane Addams' Hull House reflected his interest in the formation of democratic community. This man's work in epistemology, Knowing and the Known was co written with Arthur (+) Bentley. This man's "instrumentalist" philosophy was similar to the American school of pragmatism, and he founded the Laboratory School of (*) Chicago to promote experiential learning. This philosopher argued that education should be seen as a continuation of civil society. For ten points, name this liberal education advocate and author of Democracy and Education

John Dewey Page 10 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2016-2017 Bowl Round 9 Extra Question Only read if you need a backup or tiebreaker!

(11) Sylvia Nasar's biography of this man, but not its film adaptation, discusses his arrest in a sting on homosexuals and ensuing firing from RAND Corporation. This mathematician proved that every Riemannian manifold can be isometrically embedded into a Euclidean space. Shortly after being awarded the 2015 Abel Prize for his work with nonlinear partial differential equations, this man and his wife Alicia were killed in a car crash in New Jersey. For the point, name this American mathematician who studied game theoretic equilibria, suffered from schizophrenia, and was portrayed by Russell Crowe in the 2001 film A Beautiful Mind

John Forbes Nash Jr.

(27) This person wore the American flag as a diaper in a 1983 court proceeding. This man offered one million dollars for information on Republican scandals during the Clinton impeachment hearings, resulting in the resignation of Bob Livingston. This man is (+) paralyzed, having been shot by white supremacist serial killer Joseph Paul Franklin in 1978. He won a key free speech decision in a 1988 Supreme Court case involving his offensive (*) parody of conservative minister Jerry Falwell. For the point, name this president of the company that publishes the pornographic magazine Hustler.

Larry Flynt Jr.

(2) This leader planned Operation Lal Dora, which was a proposed invasion of Mauritius. This leader's passing of the 26th amendment led to the abolition of the Privy Purse. One slogan used by this leader called to "garib hatao," or "abolish poverty." The (+) Allahabad High Court declared this leader's election null and void due to malpractice, which led to a period of rule by decree known as The (*) Emergency. After ordering Operation Blue Star, this leader was assassinated by her Sikh Bodyguards. For ten points, name this daughter of Jawaharlal Nehru who served as Prime Minister of India.

Indira Gandhi (prompt on Gandhi)

(1) The loser of this battle made the mistake of deploying Richard Caswell's militia against his enemy's strongest flank. It was preceded by the battle of Waxhaws. Johann de Kalb was killed during this battle, which was prompted by Lord Rawdon's calls for aid. This battle was decided when the North Carolina and Delaware regiments were broken by Tarleton's Legion. This victory for Charles Cornwallis led colonial leadership to appoint Nathanael Greene as commander in the South. For ten points, name this British victory in the Carolinas that destroyed the reputation of Horatio Gates.

Battle of Camden BONUS: The Carolina campaign had been turned over to Cornwallis following this commander's withdrawal. This commander had earlier led the disastrous attempt at taking Charleston. ANSWER: Sir Henry Clinton

(2) This sort of event is the subject of the "Saga of the Seven Suns" in the Pali Canon, in which it is associated with the Maitreya Buddha in a belief that inspired the White Lotus Rebellion. A battle between the forces of Necho II and King Josiah which led to the vassalization of Judah may have inspired one term for this type of event, as possibly did an earlier battle in which Thutmose III defeated the King of Kadesh at the same site. In 2011, Harold Camping planned for, for ten points, what oft-predicted eschatological event described in the Book of Revelation as "Armageddon"?

End of the World (accept Armageddon before mentioned; accept Apocalypse; accept equivalent descriptions like the Last Days)

(21) This dynasty created a system of provincial governors called the jiedushi. It managed to control the Silk Road through the Anxi [an-shee] Protectorate but its westward expansion was stopped at the Battle of Talas. This dynasty's emperor Xuanzong was forced to execute his consort, Yang Guifei, during a massive rebellion led by An Lushan. The only female Empress, Wu Zetian, interrupted this dynasty, which produced the poets Li Bai and Du Fu. For the point, name this Chinese dynasty that succeeded the Sui [sway].

Tang Dynasty

(9) During one incident in this city, four police officers were accused of chasing down Arthur McDuffie and "cracking his head like an egg;" the eventual acquittal of those officers led to riots in this city's neighborhood of Liberty City. CENTAC26 was formed in this city to combat Griselda Blanco's criminal activity. The documentary Cocaine Cowboys covers the drug trade in this city, whose Coconut Grove neighborhood was annexed in 1925. For ten points, name this city, home to Little Haiti and Little Havana in Dade County, Florida.

Miami, Florida BONUS: This neighborhood, originally named Colored Town and founded to house Henry Flagler's workers, also rioted in the McDuffie case aftermath. ANSWER: Overtown

(5) Freddy Guarin recently transferred to a team in this country. Like Saudi Arabia and France, it crashed out of the 2002 FIFA World Cup without scoring a goal, but hasn't qualified for a World Cup since. Shortly after his stint as manager of Brazil, Felipe Scolari found work in this country with a team called (+) Evergrande. In 2012, Chelsea lost Nicholas Anelka and Didier Drogba to a team in this country owned by the Greenland Group, (*) Shenhua FC. For ten points, name this Asian country attempting to undergo soccer reform at the behest of president Xi [SHEE] Jinping.

People's Republic of China

(4) In one work by this author, the Rock feller Range is renamed the Pillan Mountains. In another short story by this author, Sara Teasdale poem, which notes "Spring herself, when she woke at dawn/Would scarcely know that we were gone," is read to an (+) empty room; that story includes a depiction of charcoal silhouettes, implied to have been caused by a nuclear explosion. This author of "Dark They Were, and Golden-Eyed" and (*) "There Will Come Soft Rains" depicted a dystopian future in which Granger memorized Plato's Republic to protect it from oblivion. For ten points, name this American science fiction author who created "fireman" Guy Montag in Fahrenheit 451

Ray Bradbury Page 10 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2016-2017 Bowl Playoff Packet 3

(5) One member of this group depicted his lover Hanna Fuchs-Robettin in his Lyric Suite, and another was accidentally killed by an American soldier shortly near the end of World War II. The founder of this group wrote a piece in which the narrator recalls living in the sewers of the title ghetto, A Survivor From Warsaw. This group developed a compositional technique that replaced traditional harmony with tone rows. Anton von Webern and Alban Berg were students in, for ten points, what early 20th century avant-garde "school" led by Arnold Schoenberg in an Austrian city?

Second Viennese School (accept Second Vienna School Page 1 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2015-2016 Bowl Round 12

(32) This man commissioned the Plain Words on Agriculture and disseminated the Cheugugi, the first known rain gauge, throughout his kingdom. This leader's father assaulted pirates in (+) Aso Bay during the Oei invasion as part of a conflict that he ended with the Treaty of Gyehae. This king implemented the Hall of Worthies, which produced a replacement to (*) Hanja that only has 28 letters. For the point, name this ruler who presided over the creation of the Hangul alphabet and ruled for over three decades in Joseon-era Korea.

Sejong the Great (or Yi Do)

(8) A week after this case was decided, Jacob Frohwerk had his sim lar conviction upheld as well. Because standard set in this case was not met, Jacob Abrams lost his Supreme Court case eight months later. Brandenburg v. Ohio possibly (+) overturned this case, whose central figure worked with Elizabeth Baer to pass out documents with advice like "Do not submit to intimidation," trying to (*) obstruct the draft. The metaphor of "shouting fire in a crowded theater" was used in, for ten points, what 1919 Supreme Court case concerning the Espionage Act in which Oliver Wendell Holmes outlined the "clear and present danger" test?

Schenck v. United States Page 11 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2016-2017 Bowl Playoff Packet 7

(5) The inspiration for this political party was the disappearance of William Morgan, and it was supported by the Enquirer, published by Thurlow Weed. This party held the first presidential nominating convention; it chose William Wirt, who won Vermont's electoral votes in 1832. This party was gradually absorbed by another anti-Democratic party, the Whigs, because it enjoyed a broader platform. For the point, name this 19th century political party whose primary goal was the downfall of a certain secret society.

Anti-Masonic Party Page 1 NHBB Nationals Bee 2015-2016 Bee Round 1

(55) William Huskisson was distracted shaking this man's hand and thus became the world's first railway casualty after getting hit by a train. This man's residence at Apsley House was attacked by a mob furious at his lack of support for the (+) Reform Bill. He fought a duel with the Earl of Winchilsea at Battersea Fields when the latter accused him of supporting "Popery." Due to his deafness, this man's shouting of (*) "Who? Who?" created a nickname for the first Derby ministry. This man legendarily noted one of his great successes was "won on the playing-fields of Eton". For the point, name this Conservative Prime Minister who also won the Battle of Waterloo.

Arthur Wellesley (or the Duke of Wellington)

(7) This man captured Witiges and his wife and deposed the short-lived Pope Silverius during his siege of Rome. This man defeated Gelimer ten miles south of Carthage in the Battle of Ad Decimum and later destroyed the Vandal kingdom at the Battle of Tricamarum. According to legend, this man was blinded and was reduced to begging for alms after he fell from favor. Along with an eunuch rival of his, Narses, this man helped to suppress a riot between the Blues and the Greens. The Nika riots were put down by, for ten points, what Byzantine general who served Justinian the Great?

Flavius Belisarius

(3) Arna Bontemps' book Black Thunder is about this event, which was conducted by a man who had two brothers named Solomon and Martin. This event largely fell apart after Mossby Sheppard reported it to the state government. After this event, which was delayed by rain, its leader was captured near Norfolk and hanged. The state militia was ordered to quell this 1800 event by governor James Monroe. For the point, name this failed slave revolt in Richmond led by a blacksmith.

Gabriel Prosser's Rebellion (or Prossser's Revolt, etc.; only Prosser is needed after "slave revolt" is said)

(7) Suetonius claims that this man was the first to begin construction of a canal across the Isthmus of Corinth. This man put down the Pisonian Conspiracy, which involved his tutor, Seneca the Younger. The Revolt of Boudica and the First Jewish Revolt occurred during this man's rule. The death of this last member of the Julio-Claudian Dynasty led to the Year of the Four Emperors. For the point, name this Roman Emperor who legendarily fiddled as Rome burned.

Nero Cladius Caesar Augustus Germanicus

(4) For his failure to warn the United States about this event, Michael Fortier was sentenced to twelve years in prison in 1998. One perpetrator of this action used the alias "Robert D. Kling" to obtain a rental truck. Terry Nichols was an accomplice in this crime, which was inspired by the Ruby Ridge and Waco sieges. The deadliest pre-9/11 terrorist attack in American history was, for the point, what April 1995 attack on the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building by Timothy McVeigh?

Oklahoma City bombing (or OKC bombing; accept equivalents for bombing, like "attack")

(1) This event inspired the Broadway play War of Wealth which was released three years later. The National Cordage Company became insolvent during this event, which also saw the collapse of the Philadelphia and Reading (+) Railroad. A march in Masillon, Ohio was organized in response to this event by Coxey's Army. The Bland-Allison Act had been followed up with the (*) Sherman Silver Purchase Act three years before this event, contributing to a lack of redeemable gold during this event. McKinley's election as president was assisted by, for ten points, what financial panic during Grover Cleveland's second term?

Panic of 1893

(17) This company's slogan noted that a certain necessity was "ours and not the foreigners." This company, founded a decade after the mining conglomerate Vale, controls the Campos and Santos basins. In March 2014, this company was targeted by Operation Carwash in an effort to weed out corruption; those scandals have now embroiled both Dilma Rousseff and Lula da Silva. For the point, name this company created by Getulio Vargas in a bid to nationalize the Brazilian oil industry.

Petrobras

(20) This country's senate was dismantled by the "Three Times Yes" referendum. A worker's strike in opposition to the KPP in Poznan eventually led a leader of this country to enter into the Round Table Talks. This country's United Workers Party was led in the 1970s by Edward Gierek, and this country liberalized during a 1956 "thaw" under Wladyslaw [vwah-deh-swav] Gomulka. Pope John Paul II was born in, for the point, what European country where a Soviet military pact was agreed to in Warsaw?

Poland

(64) This man's treatment of the upper classes was satirized by the cartoonist Jos´e Guadalupe Posada. He chose to announce his retirement in Pearson's Magazine but was re-elected anyway. This man, who was advised by a group known as the Cient´ıficos, came to power after issuing the Plan de Tuxtepec [toosh-teh-peck]; he also issued the failed Plan de la Noria after his loss to Benito Juarez in a presidential election. Francisco Madero overthrew, for the point, what longtime dictator who was deposed in the Mexican Revolution?

Porfirio D´ıaz

(27) A team from this country featured Chester Williams and was led by Fran¸cois Pienaar to a victory in its Rugby World Cup debut in 1995. This country is home to the 2009 world champion in the women's 800 meter run, (+) Caster Semenya, who was then forced to undergo sex verification. An athlete from this country nicknamed (*) "Blade Runner" was found guilty of culpable homicide in the death of his girlfriend Reeva Steenkamp. For the points, name this home country of double-amputee Oscar Pistorius, whose Springboks were boycotted out of international competition during Apartheid.

Republic of South Africa

(9) This city purchased the town of Talamone to serve as its port, for which it was mocked by Dante. It lost its independence following the Battle of Marciano. Pandolfo Petrucci was a tyrant of this city, which won a battle after dedicating itself to the (+) Virgin Mary, although they were more helped by the treachery of Bocca degli Abati. One figure from this victor at Montaperti convinced Pope Gregory XI to move back to Rome, and experienced a (*) "mystical marriage" with Jesus. For ten points, name this Tuscan city, the archrival of Florence and home of the Italian Saint Catherine.

Siena

(2) This man's general Tirmakhan Traore conquered a province that would later become the Kaabu Empire. This man founded a dynasty that claimed descent from the first muezzin Bilal ibn Rabah. After this ruler's mother was insulted, he requested an an iron bar, which he used to pull himself to his feet and overcome his lameness. This ruler, who was born to the "buffalo woman" Sogolon, used an arrow tipped with a rooster spur to defeat the evil sorcerer Sumanguru at the Battle of Kirina. For ten points, name this founder of the Keita dynasty, the first mansa of the Mali Empire.

Sundiata Keita (accept Mari Diata; prompt on Keita) BONUS: The Epic of Sundiata was passed down through the years by word of mouth through what West African storytellers and bards? ANSWER: griots (or jali) Page 3 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2015-2016 Bowl V Finals

(20) Robert Worth's book A Rage for Order is partly subtitled for this location. The Mogamma is a building next to this location, where CBS reporter (+) Lara Logan was sexually assaulted while reporting in 2011. That reporting came during celebrations following eighteen days of protesting in this location that ultimately resulted in the February 11th (*) ousting of Hosni Mubarak. For the points, name this public space that was the central location of protest during the 2011 Egyptian Revolution in Cairo.

Tahrir Square (accept Midan Tahrir; accept Liberation Square; accept Martyr Square; despite not being in the given title or "next to" the Mogamma, you can prompt on Cairo after "Lara Logan" is read and before it is mentioned)

(35) The narrator of a story from this collection contemplates jumping out of a boat while fishing with Elroy Berdahl, with whom he stays at the Tip Top Lodge. The narrator of the final story in this collection tells of the death of his childhood crush, (+) Linda, from a brain tumor at a young age. In this collection's story "In the (*) Field," Jimmy Cross leads a mission in which Kiowa is killed and his body sinks into the mud. For the points, name this collection by Tim O'Brien set during the Vietnam War.

The Things They Carried

(15) This work ends by "firmly relying upon the final triumph of the Right and the True" after describing how "the history of mankind is a history of repeated injuries and usurpations." This work's conclusion argues that, in view of "social and religious degradation" and "this entire (+) disfranchisement," a social group be given "all the rights and privileges" earned by their (*) citizenship. For the point, name this document that holds as self-evident the truth that "all men and women are created equal," written and signed by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and the attendees of the 1848 Seneca Falls Convention.

Declaration of (Rights and) Sentiments

(57) At the end of his career, this artist sculpted a ragged and emaciated Mary Magdalene from wood. He included a decapitated head at the base of a statue for the Medici Palace; that work shows the subject in a contrapposto pose with a flowered hat, and is considered to be the first freestanding nude since antiquity. This artist's statue of Erasmo di Narni drew heavily on an equestrian statue of Marcus Aurelius. For the point, name this Italian sculptor of Gattamelata and a bronze David.

Donatello

(16) In the wake of one of these events, Joseph Hazelwood was found guilty of only a misdemeanor. Counteracting these events often requires large quantities of Corexit. In 2015, a company settled for more than $18 billion for their negligence in causing this type of event. One of these events took place in Prince William Sound in 1989 after the Exxon Valdez ran aground. The explosion on the BP rig Deepwater Horizon caused, for the point, what type of ecological disaster?

oil spill (accept Exxon Valdez oil spill before read; accept Deepwater Horizon oil spill after "2015" is read and before "Deepwater Horizon" is read) Page 3 NHBB A-Set Bee 2016-2017 Bee Round 3

(6) During a siege of this city, its defenders set fire to ramps trying to scale the Antonia Fortress. This city was refounded as Aelia Capitolina by Hadrian and kept that name for six centuries. The historian Josephus defected and recorded the siege of this city, which came after an attack on the Mount of Olives by forces that included the Zealots. Factions led by Simon ben Giora and John of Giscala split this city, which was captured by the future emperor Titus. For the point, name this city that was sacked by the Romans in 70 AD, leading to the destruction of the Second Temple.

Jerusalem

(4) This author's time in poverty in the East End influenced his book The People of the Abyss. This author controversially used the word "yellow" to refer to the Chinese during their genocide by biological warfare in his story "The Unparalleled Invasion." This writer twice unsuccessfully ran as a socialist for Mayor of Oakland. This author's story "To Build a Fire" is set during the Alaskan Gold Rush, much like his novel about the sled dog Buck. For ten points, name this author of The Call of the Wild

John Griffith "Jack" London (or John Griffith Chaney

(4) The Convention of Aguascalientes [ag-wah-skal-ee-ehn-tays] called on this general to resign from power, though he only retreated to Veracruz. Six years later, as an elected leader, this man controversially named Ignacio (+) Bonillas [boh-NEE-yahs] as his preferred successor. As a result, Alvaro Obreg´on's supporters plotted the Plan of (*) ´ Agua Prieta to end this man's rule, and he was killed in May 1920. For the point, name this Mexican revolutionary leader who ousted Victoriano Huerta and gained power over Mexico, becoming its first President under the Constitution of 1917.

Jos´e Venustiano Carranza Garza Page 1 NHBB Nationals Bee 2015-2016 Bee Playoff Round 1

(15) This city is home to an apartment complex consisting of modular concrete units and built for a World's Fair, Moshe Safdie's Habitat 67. This city is connected to its suburb of Longueil by the Jacques Cartier Bridge. It was the site of a 1989 agreement that phased out HFCs and CFCs in order to protect the ozone layer, this city's namesake "protocol." For the point, name this French and English-speaking city on an island in the St. Lawrence River, the most populous city in Quebec.

Montreal Page 3 NHBB A-Set Bee 2016-2017 Bee Final Round

(14) A leader of this country fought colonization through Positive Action and modified a Biblical phrase for his saying "seek ye first the political kingdom." Rebels in what is now country were led by Yaa Asantewaa against the British Empire in the War of the Golden Stool. At a meeting with Dwight Eisenhower, this country's first President wore Kente cloth from this country's Ashanti region. It discarded its colonial name of the Gold Coast upon gaining independence. For the point, name this country whose first President, Kwame Nkrumah [kwah may kroo mah], ruled from Accra.

Republic of Ghana

(3) The name of this publication's founder, Walter Bagehot [BADGE-ut] is used as a pen name for one of its editorial columnists. This publication's name refers to an archaic name for support of free trade, as it was founded in opposition to the Corn Laws. Henry Kissinger once facetiously said that he no longer needs to think; instead, he just reads this London-based periodical. For ten points, name this weekly news magazine which provides commentary and analysis on current events, business, and politics, as well as a namesake branch of social science.

The Economist

(19) This location was named for a breakaway Native American tribe by Lafayete Bunnell of the Mariposa Battalion. One landwark within this park can be ascended by the Salath´e Wall or The Nose. In 1881, a tunnel was cut through this park's (+) Wawona Tree. The Raker Act permitted the construction of the O'Shaughnessy Dam within this park, which flooded the Hetch Hetchy Valley. (*) Half Dome and El Capitan are also found in this park, which was a frequent subject of Ansel Adams' photographs. John Muir fought to preserve, for the points, what national park in the Sierra Nevadas of California?

Yosemite National Park

(4) This system was weakened by Quia Emptores. Lehnsman and Edelfrei operated within it. Peter Kropotkin argued that this thesis of dialectical materialism had remained, even after the Duke d'Aiguillon got the National Assembly to outlaw it. The proliferation of retinues and enclosure helped end this system. Demesnes and fiefdoms were controlled via a nesting of fealty-swearers in, for ten points, what economic system of medieval Europe?

feudalism (or manorialism)

(5) Most knowledge about this battle is derived from the Mozarabic Chronicle. One side in this battle had been called to aid Odo the Great after he had suffered heavy losses at Toulouse and Bordeaux. This battle was lost by an unsuccessful uphill cavalry charge ordered by Abd ar-Rahman, and the winner of this battle was granted the nickname "the hammer." For the point, name this battle in which Charles Martel halted the Muslim invasion of Western Europe.

Battle of Tours (or Battle of Poitiers) Page 1 NHBB A-Set Bee 2016-2017 Bee Round 3

(9) Nell Gwynn was one of many women to have had affairs with this man, who hid in an oak tree near Boscobel House to avoid capture after the Battle of Worcester. During this man's rule, non-allied ministers were banned from coming within five miles of their former parishes as part of the Clarendon Code, passed by the Cavalier Parliament. The Great Fire of London struck during the reign of, for ten points, what restored Stuart monarch whose father was beheaded during the English Civil War?

Charles II

(3) This empire secured power after defeating Marwan II at the river Zab. Chinese prisoners from the Battle of Talas aided this empire in establishing paper mill at its cap tal, which had been moved from (+) Damascus by Al-Mansur. The mathematician Al-Khwarizmi worked in this empire's House of Wisdom, whose books allegedly turned the (*) Tigris black from ink when Hulagu Khan sacked this caliphate's capital at Baghdad. Harun al-Rashid ruled over, for ten points, what caliphate that succeeded the Umayyad dynasty?

Abbasid caliphate

(2) This man was suspended without salary for 11 months after a drunken incident in which he nearly hung two sailors who had left their quarters. This man was sent on his most famous voyage with the intent of finding "all the totally unknown provinces of Beach." On one voyage, this man stayed for four weeks in Mauritius until the Roaring Forties allowed him to swiftly sail eastward. He was assisted by a Frans Visscher on a 1642 voyage during which he discovered an island that he named Van Diemen's Land. For ten points, name this Dutch explorer who discovered New Zealand and an Australian island now named for him.

Abel Janszoon Tasman BONUS: Tasman made a 1644 voyage to Australia that left from present-day Jakarta, which, at the time, had this name while under the control of the Dutch East India Company. ANSWER: Batavia

(30) This country's People's Democratic Party was divided into the Khalq and Parcham factions. Habibullah Kalakani led an uprising in this country against the reforms of Amanullah Khan. Mohammad Daoud Khan overthrew this country's last king, Mohammad Zahir Shah. Nur Muhammad Taraki came to power in this country after the Saur Revolution, which led to a decade long Soviet military campaign against the mujahadeen. For the point, name this country where the Taliban once controlled the capital of Kabul.

Afghanistan Page 6 NHBB Nationals Bee 2015-2016 Bee Round 6

(26) Four hundred years after the fall of Rozafa Castle, this country's liberation movement gained traction after a victory at Deciq. The Assembly of Vlore granted independence to this country, which was formerly a vilayet. The battle of (+) Kruja was fought in this country by the League of Lezhe, which was opposed by Mehmed II and Murad II. Venice assisted this modern country in fighting for its independence from the Ottoman Empire during the 15th century. (*) Skanderbeg led troops for, for the point, what Balkan nation on the coast of the Adriatic Sea near Corfu?

Albania Page 6 NHBB Nationals Bee 2015-2016 Bee Final Round

(8) The bones of one bishop of this city were "rediscovered" in a column by Vitale Faliero after the cathedral in which they were housed was destroyed in a fire. That saint's body was hidden in a crate of rotting pork and cabbages to smuggle them past port customs in that saint's (+) translation from this city. Another saint from this city won a debate against 50 pagan scholars before Maxentius put her to death on a spiked (*) wheel. For ten points, name this Egyptian city, home to St. Mark the Evangelist and St. Catherine, which once also held an important lighthouse and library.

Alexandria Page 11 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2015-2016 Bowl Round 12

(3) A photograph set three days before this event shows three soldiers forcing a man to crawl up a street. The Hunter Commission investigated this event, which occurred after a group had organized to (+) protest the extension of emergency measures in the Rowlatt Act in the Jallianwala Bagh gardens. Men under (*) Reginald Dyer perpetrated this event, which took place on the morning of Vaisakhi. Hundreds of pilgrims were killed in, for the points, what April 13, 1919 massacre conducted by the British in the Punjab in a holy Sikh city?

Amritsar Massacre (accept Jallianwala Bagh massacre before mentioned)

(1) This man claimed that the British monarchy was inferior to Amer can government in his "Triumphant Democracy." Early in his career, he worked with his friend John Thomson to acquire the Keystone (+) Bridge Company. This man, who funded the construction of the International Court of Justice's Peace Palace, argued that the rich had an (*) obligation to improve society in his Gospel of Wealth. In 1901, this Gilded Age tycoon sold his Pittsburgh-based company to J.P. Morgan, who re-branded it as U.S. Steel. For ten points, name this Scottish-American steel magnate and philanthropist.

Andrew Carnegie BONUS: What Australian Prime Minister disappeared in 1967 while swimming in Port Phillip Bay? ANSWER: Harold Holt

(11) This author wrote the lines "I thought: it's impossible to love a loose woman / As if she were a bride" in a poem addressed one of many lovers that she acquired at The Stray Dog restaurant. This writer declared "gravestones are fragile / and granite is softer than wax" in a poem that calls her (+) Prince Charming a "prince of the mockers." A poem by this woman was inspired by waiting for (*) seventeen months to visit her son in prison, and she suffered the execution of her first husband and imprisonment of her third in a gulag. For the points, name this Russian author of "Poem without a Hero" and "Requiem."

Anna Akhmatova

(3) The announcement of this program controversially requested 531 million dollars for its inception and seven billion dollar commitment for its first five years. The Block II design replaced the Block design in this program after disaster that killed (+) Edward White. The Kennedy Space Center was established to support this program, which required the design of (*) Saturn V rockets. The Soviet Luna program competed with, for ten points, what NASA program whose 17 missions were staffed by Alan Shepard, Buzz Aldrin, and other moonwalkers?

Apollo Program

(31) In this country, the 1992 Mabo court case recognized the land rights of its natives for the first time. This country's government published the 1995 report Bringing Them Home, detailing a genocidal 20th century campaign to remove native children from their homes. Though reconciliation efforts of the "Stolen Generations" included "National Sorry Day" in 1998, it wasn't until John Howard was succeeded by Kevin Rudd that this country's Prime Minister apologized. For the point, name this country where hundreds of thousands of Aboriginal children were kidnapped by a government based in Canberra.

Australia

(58) In 2000 several European Union countries imposed sanctions on this country after the OVP entered ¨ a coalition government with Jorg Haider's political party. A 2016 presidential election in this country was redone because 77,000 absentee votes were counted too early. In that election, Green candidate Alexander Van der Bellen eventually defeated far-right FPO candidate Norbert Hofer. For the point, name this ¨ country, led until 2016 by Heinz Fischer from Vienna.

Austria (or Osterreich ¨ )

(10) This rival of Felix Zuloaga was arrested as part of the Plan of Tacubaya. Shortly after a key victory, the French forced this man to move his capital to San Luis Potosi. Earlier, this man was exiled from (+) Oaxaca [wah-HAH-kah] to New Orleans for his opposition to Santa Anna's insistance on continuing to fight the Americans. Ignacio Zaragoza served this leader at the Battle of (*) Puebla, after which he was able to restore the republic. Emperor Maximilian was overthrown and replaced by, for ten points, what five-time President of Mexico during the 19th century?

Benito Ju´arez Garcia Extra Question Only read if you need a backup or tiebreaker!

(30) To streamline this effort, crews were banned from leaving to go to snack bars, and Jeeps were converted into mobile snack shops; that improvement was made after Black Friday by its new commander, William Tunner. This effort led to the creation of a new runway at Tempelhof Airport and it included morale-boosting candy drops to children, called Operation Little Vittles. This event used C-54 transports to carry coal and food. For the point, name this 1948-49 effort to supply an Allied city that had been cut off by Soviets in East Germany.

Berlin Airlift (accept descriptive answers regarding the Allies providing supplies to West Berlin via the air; prompt on partial answers) Page 6 NHBB A-Set Bee 2016-2017 Bee Final Round

(6) During the investigation into this crime, J. Paul de River determined that Charles Lynch was lying about committing it. Agness Underwood was prohibited from investigating this crime. Betty Bersinger discovered the victim of this crime, who she originally believed to be a mannequin. The mother of this crime's victim was isolated, thus stalling the police investigation, so that the Los Angeles Examiner could preserve their story. For ten points, name this crime, commonly referred to by a film noir inspired nickname, the unsolved 1947 murder of Elizabeth Short.

Black Dahlia murder case (accept murder of Elizabeth Short before mentioned) BONUS: One suspect in the Black Dahlia Murder was this Cleveland-based serial killer. He or she has not been identified, so we're looking for the nickname he or she earned for the way in which his victims were dismembered. ANSWER: Cleveland Torso Murderer (or Mad Butcher of Kingsbury Run, or of Cleveland)

(39) This man asked "Is your money that good? Will it buy you forgiveness? Do you think that it could?" in a work condemning the "Masters of War." He noted that "The cavalries charged/the Indians died" in a work that lists American military actions and notes "you don't count the dead when God's on your side." This singer rhetorically asked "How many roads must a man walk down?" in "Blowin' in the Wind," and advised people to "admit that the waters around you have grown" in "The Times They Are A-Changin." For the point, name this American protest singer and 2016 Nobel Laureate.

Bob Dylan (or Robert Zimmerman)

(9) One composer from this country wrote a series of nine suites that fuse Bach-style Baroque harmonies to this nation's folk music. A drought-stricken ranch in this nation's sert˜ao is the setting of Glauber Rocha's film Black God, White Devil, a landmark film in a movement inspired from across the Atlantic by French New Wave called Cinema Novo. Heitor Villa-Lobos is the foremost composer of this country's classical style. For ten points, name this country whose government hired Lucio Costa and Oscar Niemeyer to plan a new capital city, replacing Rio de Janeiro.

Brazil

(1) In the 12th century, a man from this city named Margaritus became the first count of Malta. Marcus Pacuvius was a 2nd century BC poet from this city, where Virgil died in 19 BC. After fleeing from Caesar's forces to this city, (+) Pompey took a ship to Epirus. Located in the region of Apulia, this city once contained two "terminal columns" that marked the (*) end of a route whose construction began during the Samnite Wars. The Greek for "Deer's head" is the etymology of the name of, for the points, what Italian coastal city connected to Rome via the Appian Way?

Brindisi (accept Brundisium; accept Brinnisi)

(1) This colony grew out of the prior established Oil River Protectorate. Frederick Lugard consol dated this colony from Southern and Northern holdings, the latter of which was centered at (+) Zungeru. Nnamdi Azikiwe became this country's first post-independence president, but its arbitrarily drawn (*) British-era borders still lead to tensions between the Igbo and Yoruba tribes. For ten points, name this country, formerly the site of a colony centered at Lagos.

British Nigeria (accept Federal Republic of Nigeria BONUS: What designer of Wardenclyffe Tower was forced to cease his experiments after J. P. Morgan pulled stopped funding the project? ANSWER: Nikola Tesla

(9) A leader of this movement later founded the Union Movement, advocating the "Europe a Nation" Policy. Supporters of this movement organized an October 1936 march that was met by protesters and the Metropolitan Police; over 100 people were injured in the ensuing Battle of Cable Street. This movement represented "action through unity" with its Flash and Circle. For ten points, name this political movement that, in London, was led by Oswald Mosley, whose followers wore black shirts as inspired by Mussolini.

British fascism (accept British Union of Fascists or BUF; accept anything to do with fascism in England; prompt on descriptions of pro-Nazi politics or sympathy)

(23) Gebhart v. Bolton and Bolling v. Sharpe were consolidated into this case, as was Briggs v. Elliot, which introduced experiments with children on reactions to different dolls, carried out by Kenneth and Mamie Clark. The practice of "massive resistance" was applied in reaction to the ruling in this case, which was ordered to be carried out with "all deliberate speed." Thurgood Marshall served as the NAACP's counsel in, for the point, what 1954 Supreme Court case that overturned Plessy v. Ferguson's policy of providing "separate but equal" public schools?

Brown v. Board of Education (of Topeka, Kansas)

(9) The Khazar Correspondence was carried out by minister of this state, Hasdai ibn Shaprut, who served as the Jewish court physician. Almanzor guided this state to its height as regent for the young Hisham II. Its re gious toler tion led to the creation of class called the (+) Mozarabs. This state dissolved after a fitna led to the creation of independent taifas. Its Great Mosque, now a (*) Catholic cathedral, was constructed by Abd al-Rahman I, who successfully established this state, which lasted from 929 to 1031. The Umayyad Dynasty ruled, for ten points, what early Muslim state in Iberia?

Caliphate of C´ordoba

(8) A 1999 song is named from a town in this country, "Bobcaygeon," [bob cay jun] just because the name rhymed with "constellation." "My Music at Work" and "Locked in the Trunk of a Car" were also released by a Gord Downie-fronted band from this country, The Tragically Hip; the Hip gave their final tour in 2016, ending with a concert watched by 11 million people on the CBC. For ten points, name this country, also home to Arcade Fire, Rush, and Nickelback.

Canada BONUS: The Tragically Hip's song "Locked in the Trunk of a Car" references this 1970 crisis in which members of the FLQ kidnapped cabinet minister Pierre Laporte, killed him, and left his body in the trunk of a car. ANSWER: October Crisis

(8) This man helped end the Second Matabele [mat ah bay lay] War by walking unarmed into an enemy base to negotiate; that base, Matobo Hills, later served as his burial grounds. This man's greatest dream was described as a "red line" on a map. Though this man never fulfilled his vision of a "Cape to Cairo" railway, he managed to monopolize the diamond industry by founding De Beers. For ten points, name this Prime Minister of Cape Colony in South Africa, the namesake of a scholarship to study at Oxford.

Cecil Rhodes BONUS: Cecil Rhodes was forced to resign as Prime Minister of the Cape Colony after this raid into the South African Republic. ANSWER: Jameson Raid

(3) This ruler was once licked awake by a lion after an encounter with another conqueror at Taxila, which was interpreted as a sign that he would one day be king. Megasthenes visited the empire of this ruler, whose war elephants at the Battle of Ipsus led to the victory of Seleucus. This ruler's advisor Chanakya wrote the Arthashastra. This ruler's son Bindusara inherited his empire, which was founded after his defeat of the Nanda Empire. For ten points, name this ruler, the grandfather of Ashoka, who founded the Mauryan Empire.

Chandragupta Maurya (accept Sandrocottos accept Androcottus) BONUS: In his last days, Chandragupta converted to what religion, which holds that Mahavira is the last tirthankara? ANSWER: Jainism

(7) A video taken at this event shows a Mi-8 helicopter colliding with a cable suspended from a crane, causing the helicopter to crash. The TORCH Report predicted tens of thousands of deaths due to the effects of this event. This was the first event to be classified as a INES level 7. The samosely illegally live in the "zone of alienation" near the site of this event; that exclusion zone includes the Red Forest and the city of Pripyat, which became a ghost town in this event's aftermath. For ten points, name this 1986 meltdown of a Ukrainian nuclear power plant.

Chernobyl disaster (accept additional information and synonyms of disaster)

(24) One member of this party criticized it in the essay "Wild Lily." A longtime leader of this party used the slogan "to rebel is justified," while a later leader established its "four cardinal principles" in response to the Democracy Wall movement. A statue of the Goddess of Democracy was set up to protest this party; troops who opened fire on it were defied by Tank Man. For the point, name this political party that carried out the Tiananmen Square Massacre and which has led mainland China since 1949.

Chinese Communist Party (or CCP, or Zhongguo Gongchandang; prompt on "Communist" until "China" is read, then accept it)

(8) This party discussed the rehabilitation of its country's military in the Himmerod memorandum. The Black Money exposed this party's secret bank accounts, which disgraced its former leader, Helmut Kohl. This party's leaders Ludwig Erhard and Konrad Adenauer sparked an "economic miracle" in its country post-World War II, and it has participated in various "Grand Coalitions" with the Social Democratic Party. For the point, name this center-right political party in Germany, currently led by Angela Merkel.

Christian Democratic Union (accept the Christian Democratic party)

(10) This event was presaged by an Emily Hobhouse "open letter" that asked "is it not our mission to preserve life?" A similar-but-unsuccessful attempt at this event was Benedict XV's [fifteenth's] "Truce of God." A football game at Messines was speculated to have taken place during this event, whose participants crossed No Man's Land to sing songs and swap rations with each other instead of bullets. For ten points, name this festive event during the winter of 1914 in which German and Allied forces stopped fighting.

Christmas ceasefire of World War I (accept descriptions of a truce or any sort of pause in fighting on Christmas 1914) Page 2 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2016-2017 Bowl Round 8 Second Quarter

(1) In this state, thee harsh rhetoric of George Prentice helped start nativist riots that came to be known as Bloody Monday. Solomon Sharp was killed during a judicial conflict in this state called the (+) Old Court-New Court Controversy. Braxton Bragg was defeated by Don Carlos Buell at this state's Battle of Perryville. A Congressman representing this state called for (*) increases in tariffs and infrastructural spending as part of his American System. For ten points, name this state home to Henry Clay and cities like Lexington and Louisville.

Commonwealth of Kentucky BONUS: What Persian satrap was executed by Alexander the Great after killing Darius III? ANSWER: Bessus (accept Artaxerxes V

(12) This man was killed while on an expedition to Scythia by their queen Tomyris. This man overthrew his grandfather Astyages [ah-STY-ah-geez] of the Median Empire and defeated Croesus [kree-sus] to conquer the Lydians. From his capital of Pasargadae [pass-ar-gah-dye], he created a system of satraps to govern his empire, and this ruler authorized the Jews' return to Israel after his conquest of Babylonia. For the point, name this "Great" founder of the Persian Empire.

Cyrus the Great (or Cyrus II of Persia; prompt on Cyrus alone before "Great" is read; accept Cyrus alone after "Great" is read)

(12) One method for accomplishing this procedure relies on examining light intensity upon pyrophosphate release. George Church's group developed the Polony method for performing this procedure. The "shotgun" method for performing this procedure proved more efficient than the chain termination method developed by Frederick Sanger. The NIH and the Celera Corporation competed to fully perform this action on the human genome, which was declared complete in 2003. For the point, name this procedure that determines the order of nucleotides in a genome.

DNA sequencing (accept genome sequencing; prompt on descriptions of mapping the genome)

(3) This location can be seen from Dante's View, and was the site of the prehistoric Lake Manly. The Timbisha tribe lives at Furnace Creek in this landform, which was made a national monument by Herbert Hoover in 1933 and a national park in 1994. Francis Marion Smith employed twenty-mule teams to transport borax out of this area on the border of the Mojave and Great Basin Deserts. Badwater Basin reaches 282 feet below sea level in, for ten points, what California valley, the lowest point in North America?

Death Valley (accept descriptions of Death Valley National Park; prompt on Mojave Desert before mentioned)

(1) One leader of this state, John McKinly, was captured in bed by the British. The Swedish settlement of Fort Christina is located in this state. This state disputed a small tract known as the Wedge with its northern neighbor until 1921. Until it gained an independent legislature in 1701, it was known as the "Three Lower Counties." This state's northern border is an arc centered on the courthouse in New Castle, the Twelve-Mile Circle, and its western border is the Mason-Dixon line. For ten points, name this small Mid-Atlantic state where an 1861 vote against secession from the Union was taken in Dover.

Delaware

(52) This leader oversaw the establishment of the "household responsibility system," which helped lead to the rise of "ten thousand yuan households." Under this leader, the phrase "seek truth from facts" was promulgated as part of a process that established four Special Economic Zones. The phrase "to get rich is glorious" was also promoted during the tenure of this politician, who suggested "It doesn't matter whether a cat is white or black, as long as it catches mice." For the point, name this leader who presided over the beginning of China's market reforms in the 1980s.

Deng Xiaoping

(6) While visiting Sable Island, this woman worked with Hugh Bell to rescue shipwrecked sailors. This woman's former fianc´e, Edward Bangs, helped pass this woman's suggested legislation. In the 1860s, this woman beat out Elizabeth Blackwell for a position, in which she was often at odds with Joseph Barnes, as the Superintendent of Army Nurses. In 1844, this woman travelled to all the almshouses and jails in New Jersey. For the point, name this American activist on behalf of the mentally insane.

Dorothea Lynde Dix

(2) A videotape showing this man with Thomas Youk ends with this man challenging the authorities to convict him. Shortly after this man worked with Janet Adkins, the state of Michigan revoked his license. This man employed the use of the Mercitron and the Thanatron to deliver, respectively, carbon monoxide or an IV drip of lethal medicine. For ten points, name this doctor who, in 1999, was convicted of murder and served eight years in prison for his role in over one hundred physician-assisted suicides.

Dr. Jack Kevorkian (prompt on Dr. Death)

(8) George Tenet urged caution on the usage of this technology in opposition to Cofer Black. The editor of Inspire was selected in the Disposition Matrix for the usage of this technology. An example of this weapon that uses SAR is the RQ-1. These weapons, part of modern "shock and awe" strategy,possibly caused excessive blowback when they were used to kill Anwar al-Malaki. The Predator is a common example of, for ten points, what military aircraft that lack onboard pilots?

Drones (or unmanned aerial vehicles, UAVs, or Predator drones until mention; prompt on aircraft or similar; do not accept airplanes) BONUS: Predators use these missiles that were designed to be "forgotten" after shot at tanks from a helicopter. ANSWER: AGM-114 Hellfire missile Page 5 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2015-2016 Bowl V Quarterfinals and JV Semifinals

(11) This man wrote that "all empires have been cemented in blood" in a scathing satire of Lord Bolingbroke's deist beliefs. In one speech, this man served as chief prosecutor in Warren Hastings' impeachment trial. He wrote that the title event consisted of "all sorts of (+) crimes jumbled together with all sorts of follies," condemning the senseless violence of "the most astonishing [event] that has hitherto happened in the world" in a work that was critiqued by (*) Thomas Paine's Rights of Man. For ten points, name this conservative author of Reflections on the Revolution in France.

Edmund Burke

(4) This ruler's overthrow came after the execution of the Zhang brothers. Manuals on torture were compiled by this ruler's secret police under the order of Lai Junchen, who was (+) executed after falsely implicating the crown prince. This patron of Buddhism constructed a Dayun Temple in every province upon ascending the throne. This founder of the (*) Zhou Dynasty served as regent for the Emperors Zhongzhong and Ruizhong, her sons. The Tang Dynasty was interrupted by two decades of rule under, for the points, what sole empress of China?

Empress Wu Zetian (accept Wu Zhao or Wu Chao) Page 1 NHBB Nationals Bee 2016-2017 Bee Playoff Round 2

(8) The Scharnhorst and Gneisenau were sunk in one battle fought at this location. Operation Mikado was a major offensive launched over this location, where Exocet missiles sunk the Sheffield. Admiral Graf von Spee was killed in 1914 at this location, where the General Belgrano was later sunk in a war sparked by Leopoldo Galtieri that boosted the popularity of Margaret Thatcher. For the point, name these islands contested by Great Britain and Argentina in a 1980s war.

Falkland Islands (or Islas Malvinas)

(35) This conflict was called for in the bull Post Miserabile. Baldwin of Flanders was chosen over Boniface of Montferrat for the position of Latin Emperor during this conflict. The Siege of Zara during this conflict was led by a 90-year-old blind man. Alexius IV was made emperor during this conflict, which was called for by Pope Innocent III. Enrico Dandolo led forces in, for the point, which early 13th century Christian attempt to conquer Jerusalem that, instead, occupied the Byzantine Empire and founded the Latin Empire?

Fourth Crusade (prompt on Crusade(s)) Extra Question

(17) This country worked to decentralize its government with the 1982 Defferre Laws. State control of capitalism in this country, a policy known as dirigism, led to the "Thirty Glorious Years" after World War II. This country has been led by three (+) "cohabitation" governments in which the President and Prime Minister come from different political parties, such as between (*) Edouard Balladur and this country's first Socialist President, Francois ´ Mitterand. For the points, name this European country, earlier led by Mitterand with Jacques Chirac.

France (accept the Fifth Republic) Page 4 NHBB Nationals Bee 2016-2017 Bee Playoff Round 1

(2) This man wrote that "the test tube and the microscope are needed rather than ax and rifle" in a paper arguing for the importance of education. William Appleman Williams' book The Tragedy of American Diplomacy argued that one of this man's ideas encouraged American imperialism in Asia. The results of the (+) 1890 census caused this man to write his most famous paper, which was presented at the Chicago Columbian Exposition of 1893 and argued that the (*) abundance of land on the American continent allowed for the development of American democracy. For ten points, name this historian whose essay "The Significance of the Frontier in American History" expounded his "Frontier Thesis."

Frederick Jackson Turner

(10) This character allies with Tullus Aufidius shortly after noting "My birthplace hate I, and my love's upon / this enemy town" in an Act Four soliloquy. This character's mother, Volumnia, kneels before this man, who cries "You have won a happy victory for Rome, but for your son...most mortal to him!" For the point, name this Roman general who led the Volsci in a stopped siege on Rome and whose story was told in one of Shakespeare's final tragedies.

Gaius Marcius Coriolanus Page 2 NHBB Nationals Bee 2015-2016 Bee Round 6

(7) In this city, a forerunner of the Miss Universe competition called the "International Pageant of Pulchritude" developed during its roaring-Twenties "Open Era." Jacob Schiff led a plan named for this city to settle Jews in the American (+) South rather than the Eastern Seaboard. Passengers traveling on a train from Beaumont to this city were inundated by a fifteen foot (*) storm surge in 1900; in that year, approximately ten thousand people were killed near this city when it was struck by a category four hurricane. For the points, name this Texas city found on a namesake island fifty miles south of Houston.

Galveston

(19) This man's enemies grouped into a faction known as the arrabbiati and arranged for riots against this man on Ascension Day. His supporters were known as piagnoni and formed a government called the Frateschi after the invasion of Charles VIII of France. This man, who was excommunicated by Pope Alexander VI, was executed after his trial by fire was canceled by rain. This man drove out Piero de'Medici and, in 1497, supported the burning of works by Botticelli and Ovid. For the point, name this Florentine preacher who carried out the Bonfire of the Vanities.

Girolamo Savonarola

(17) The Allon Plan called for the conversion of this region into a Druze state. While spying on this region, Eli Cohen discreetly planted trees that would grow up to mark enemy fortification spots. This region was breached during Operation Badr, and a ceasefire led to the establishment of the Purple Line in this region. An army came within miles of Damascus in the early days of the Yom Kippur War after taking, for the point, what mountainous region between Israel and Syria?

Golan Heights

(29) These people were organized by Milo Reno into a "Holiday Association," whose members pledged not to work. Merle Hansen advocated for these people, who supported each other at "penny auctions" when one of them had their property foreclosed on. The Great Plains Shelterbelt tried to protect the livelihoods of these people by creating windbreaks, after the failure of a pseudo-scientific belief that "rain follows the plow." A New Deal agency called the AAA paid subsidies to, for the point, what people, whose careers and homesteads were devastated by the Dust Bowl?

Great Depression-era farmers (accept broad equivalents, including ranchers, dairy farmers, anything to do with agriculture, etc.; prompt on "Okies")

(10) A speech given shortly before this program's launch announced plans to surpass the UK in 15 years and outlined a theory of "permanent revolution." The Advanced Producers' Co-operatives were temporarily united into Communes in this program. This program's campaign against the "Four Pests" tried to exterminate China's sparrow population; that, along with this program's emphasis on backyard furnaces, helped trigger a famine that killed millions. For the point, name this program of the late 1950s that sought to rapidly accelerate China's development of Communism.

Great Leap Forward (or Da yue jin Page 2 NHBB Nationals Bee 2016-2017 Bee Round 3

(9) One country failed to halt the Greater Wrath during this war when it lost the Battle of Gangut. One leader during this war was killed at the Siege of Fredriksten, after he convinced one country to conduct the Pruth River Campaign. The Surrender at Perevolochna destroyed one side's army of Caroleans during this war after Adam Leuwenhaupt lost the Battle of Poltava. The Treaty of Nystad ended, for ten points, what war in which Sweden's Charles XII was defeated by Peter the Great of Russia?

Great Northern War BONUS: Charles XII forced Augustus the Strong to give up the throne of this country, although he later regained it. This country caused a namesake succession war following Augustus' death. ANSWER: the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (accept just Poland, accept Poland Lithuania accept War of the Polish Succession)

(14) The Russian Empire helped foment this conflict by sponsoring the Orlov Revolt. The London Protocol ended this conflict shortly after Edward Codrington outmaneuvered Ibrahim Pasha at the Battle of Navarino. Alexander Ypsilantis led one side in this conflict, which was depicted by Eug`ene Delacroix in his Massacre at Chios and Ruins of Missolonghi. Lord Byron died fighting in, for the point, what 1820s war in which the First Hellenic Republic broke away from the Ottoman Empire?

Greek War of Independence

(39) Hans Egede became known as the "Apostle of" this place after converting many of its inhabitants to Christianity and establishing its capital. Jonathan Motzfeldt was the first prime minister of this place. A ship named Sunshine failed to circumnavigate in 1586; the captain of that ship, John (+) Davis, names a strait to the southwest of this island. Henrik Kauffman signed a 1941 treaty with the United States paving the way for the establishment of (*) Thule Airbase on this island. For the points, name this largest island in the world, a constituent country of Denmark.

Greenland (accept Kalaallit Nunaat)

(8) Gerhard Ertl won the 2007 Nobel prize for discovering that the rate limiting step of this process is the cleavage of a triple bond catalyzed by iron. The discovery of this process rendered the Allied trade blockade of Chilean saltpeter ineffective. This process involves removing its product, compelling this reaction to continue in a textbook example of Le Chˆatelier's principle. Most of the world's fertilizer is produced via, for ten points, what industrial process that uses hydrogen and nitrogen to synthesize ammonia.

Haber-Bosch process

(34) One son of Ceuthonymus guards the cattle of this figure, who turned one of his lovers into a white poplar tree. Served by Menoetes, this god was also known as "the Rich One" due to his association with precious metals. The Romans syncretized this god with Dis Pater. This god's helm helped Perseus escape the Gorgons, and the guard to his realm was placated by barley cake. For the point, name this Greek god who abducted Persephone and brought her to the underworld.

Hades (accept Aides or Aidoneus; accept Pluto or Plouton until "Greek" is mentioned)

(7) This leader's advance was so quick that his enemies, who had landed in Massilia, were forced to turn around after reaching the Rhone. This leader was opposed by a strategy of delay implemented by the dictator Fabius. This general, who lost to Scipio Africanus at the Battle of Zama, collected the rings of senators slain at the Battle of Cannae and marched elephants across the Alps. Rome nearly lost the Second Punic War to, for ten points, what Carthaginian general?

Hannibal Barca

(31) William Seward sold this woman a house in Auburn, New York in 1859. This figure helped three steamboats avoid mines during the Combahee River Raid and later served Robert Gould Shaw his last meal at Fort Wagner. William Lloyd Garrison gave the nickname "Moses" to this figure, who served in an organization that communicated via quilt designs and songs like "Follow the Drinking Gourd." In April 2016, Jack Lew announced that Andrew Jackson will be replaced on the front of the $20 bill by, for the point, what woman who led the Underground Railroad?

Harriet Tubman

(7) This ruler's life was recorded in a series of depictions at the Red Chapel. Historians have long debated the sudden disappearance of this ruler's advisor Senenmut from official records. This ruler launched the (+) Kosseir expedition, which brought back myrrh trees from the land of Punt. A mortuary complex built into a rock wall at Deir el-Bahari was among one of many monuments (*) defaced by this ruler's successor, Thutmose III. A false beard often adorns depictions of, for the points, what daughter of Thutmose I, an 18th Dynasty pharaoh?

Hatshepsut

(1) Gareth Jones first reported on this event in the West, for which he was criticized by Walter Duranty. Robert Conquest claimed that this event was deliberate in his book The Harvest of Sorrow. This event was triggered in part by the creation of solkhozy and kolkhozes, as well as the basing of requisition quotas on the excellent 1931 harvest. The Law of Spikelets exacerbated this event by defining theft as taking even the smallest amount of grain. Stalin's agricultural policies caused, for the point, what devastating 1932-33 genocidal famine that killed millions of Ukrainians?

Holodomor (prompt on descriptions of a Ukrainian famine before mentioned at the end of the tossup)

(12) This ruler was said to have died in a library after tripping down a staircase. After the battle of Chausa, Shah Tahmasp spared this ruler's life when he chose to convert to Shia Islam. Tahmasp would later support this ruler in a war against Kamran Mirza. This ruler was forced to escape to Safavid Persia after Sher Shah Suri overran Bengal. The general Bairam Khan first rose to prominence in the service of this ruler; Bairam would go on to be the regent for this ruler's son, Akbar. For ten points, name this Mughal emperor who succeeded Babur.

Humayun Second Quarter

(8) During World War II, the United Kingdom invaded this modern day country as part of Operation Fork. This country experienced the "mist hardships" after the eruption of the Laki fissure. Thingvellir was the site of this country's legislative assembly, the Althing, for over a millennia. This country's Prime Minister, Sigmundr David, resigned in 2016 after it was discovered that he had set up a company in the Virgin Islands to avoid tax payments. For ten points, name this European island country with capital Reykjavik.

Iceland

(5) The book Twenty Years of Congress was written by this man, who created the First International Conference of American States as Benjamin Harrison's Secretary of State. James Mulligan released letters between Little Rock and Fort Smith Railroad bookkeeper Warren Fischer and this man, who led the Mugwump faction of his party. Samuel Burchard hurt this man's presidential bid after claiming that the other party represented "Rum, Romanism, and Rebellion". For the point, name this "Continental Liar from the State of Maine" who lost the 1884 election to Grover Cleveland.

James Blaine Page 1 NHBB Nationals Bee 2015-2016 Bee Round 5

(5) In this country, a moral pressure known as "window guidance" prevented banks from making major lending pushes. A company based in this country introduced the "just in time" system to improve efficiency. This country's prime minister suggested a "Three Arrows" approach to address its low inflation rate, decreasing productivity, and aging working population. "Abenomics" [ah-bay-nomics] was undertaken in, for ten points, what country that experienced the "Lost Decade" after poor economic performance from companies such as Toyota and Sony?

Japan Page 1 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2015-2016 Bowl Round 2

(2) During this man's rule, one country issued the "Letter of the Two Sorries" in response to a mid-air collision off his country's southern coast. This man was known as a "flowerpot" during his tenure as Mayor of (+) Shanghai due to his perceived uselessness. The 610 Office was established by this man to suppress a religion founded by Li Hongzhi. This man's Party Constitution includes his (*) "Three Represents" theory. This man succeeded the Eight Elders. For ten points, name this fourth-generation paramount leader of China, the successor of Deng Xiaoping.

Jiang Zemin

(8) This man disparaged the "French trash" of imitating croaking frogs in an oratorio he wrote with librettist Gottfried van Swieten. The second movement of one of his works is a theme-and-variations on a melody he wrote for Emperor Francis II that eventually became the Deutschlandlied. This composer of the Erdody Quartets and The Seasons ended another work with musicians leaving one by one. For ten points, what "father of the string quartet" wrote the Farewell Symphony?

Joseph Haydn BONUS: Haydn wrote the Farewell Symphony to convince his patron, this Hungarian prince, to give his musicians a vacation. ANSWER: Prince Nikolaus Esterhazy

(2) This period's Shimotsuki Incident targeted the Adachi. Due to an earthquake, Sadaoki ordered his troops to purge his nominal superior at Heizen Gate. Kusunoki Masashige led forces in the Genko War during this period. In an attempt to reassert imperial authority during this period, Emperor Go-Toba started the Jokyu War against the Hojo regency. The ascension of Minamoto no Yoritomo started, for ten points, what period of Japanese history that succeeded the Heian?

Kamakura period

(2) One member of this family married the Marquess of Hartington while her father served as U.S. Ambassador to the U.K., then died in 1948 plane crash. Another member of this family owned farm in Maryland called Timberlawn, where day camp evolved into the (+) Special Olympics, founded in honor of another member of this family who had undergone a lobotomy in 1941. Patricia and Rosemary were among the daughters of Rose, the matriarch of this family, which names (*) Harvard's school of government. For ten points, name this prominent Massachusetts political family whose other members include Robert, Ted, and John.

Kennedy family

(7) This event was foreshadowed by a poem that described rolled up tube socks and noted "I'm ready to let you go." A Jordan Clarkson full-court assist punctuated this event, the subject of an eBay auction of a bag of air that reached $15,000 before it was pulled. This event took place on the same day that Golden State won its 73rd game. For ten points, name this April 2016 event which featured 50 field goal attempts, 60 points, and the conclusion "Mamba out" from a 20-year veteran of the L.A. Lakers.

Kobe Bryant's final NBA game (or Kobe Bryant's retirement; accept first and/or last name; prompt on "Mamba out" before mentioned; prompt on Lakers Season Finale)

(4) In January 2017, this state prevented a passenger train painted in red, blue, and white from reaching the town of Mitrovica [mee troh veet zah]. This state normalized relations with its northern neighbor as part of the 2013 Brussels Agreement. This state's former Prime Minister, Ramush Haradinaj, was arrested by the French government in 2017. In 2008, this territory declared its independence, which was recognized by the United States but not Russia. For ten points, name this breakaway Muslim republic of Serbia whose capital is Pristina [prish teen ah].

Kosovo Page 1 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2016-2017 Bowl Playoff Packet 2

(1) Elizabeth Tyler owned and operated a newspaper for this organization called The Searchlight, which ran articles written by Edward Young Clarke. The first national meeting of this group took place in 1867 at the Maxwell House Hotel in Nashville. This group was targeted in an 1871 Enforcement Act, and Nathan Bedford Forrest served as this group's first Grand Wizard. For ten points, name this cross-burning white supremacist group.

Ku Klux Klan (or KKK)

(14) This party lost an election thanks to James Soong's third party run. Politicians not in this party were forced to run as Tangwai candidates. In its country's most recent presidential election, it was defeated by the DPP candidate Tsai Ingwen, who will replace its current head, Ma Ingjeu. This party's monopoly on cigarettes caused an incident that was followed by the White Terror, the 228 Uprising. For the point, name this party founded by Sun Yat-Sen, which fled to Taiwan after losing the Chinese Civil War.

Kuomintang (or KMT)

(26) This state was targeted by Kaloyan, who managed to capture its first ruler. It made peace with Theodore I Laskaris with the Treaty of Nymphaion. While waiting for Robert of Courtenay to become ruler, this state was ruled by the regent (+) Yolanda of Flanders. Baldwin IX was crowned the first ruler of this state, which was destroyed by the Empire of (*) Nicaea, led by Michael VIII Palaiologos, thus restoring Byzantine rule. For the points, name this brief empire centered around Constantinople after the Fourth Crusade.

Latin Empire (of Constantinople) (do not accept Latin League or other terms)

(25) Members of the Blackfeet tribe attempted to steal this group's rifles, one of the few hostilities encountered by this group. Fort Cladsop was constructed by members of this group, which quartermaster Charles Floyd accompanied. A slave named York was a member of this group, which set out from St. Louis, and was guided by Sacagawea. For the point, name this group sent by Thomas Jefferson on an exploration mission to the newly-acquired Louisiana Purchase.

Lewis and Clark expedition (or the Corps of Discovery)

(10) A southwestern region of this modern day country was home to the Garamantes tribe and has its cap tal at Sabha. A Greek colony near this nation's present day city of (+) Shahat lent its name to another of this country's three historic regions. This country gave up its claim to the Aouzou Strip after the Toyota War. Fezzan and (*) Cyrenaica are part of this country, whose internationally-recognized House of Deputies meet in Tobruk instead of its official capital. Ambassador Chris Stevens died in, for ten points, what North African nation whose cities include Benghazi and Tripoli?

Libya Extra Question Only read if you need a backup or tiebreaker!

(1) This man became navarch three years after a predecessor, Mindarus, died at the Battle of Cyzicus; while holding that post, he won a battle in which a ten-unit decoy force led by Antiochus fell apart after Antiochus was killed. This victor at the Battle of Notium blockaded a city to allow Pausanias to lay siege to it. He is best known for commanding one side to victory at a 405 BC battle in which Conon's fleet was quickly captured on a beach; that battle at Aegospotami brought an end to the Peloponnesian War. For the point, name this Spartan naval commander.

Lysander (or L´ysandros

(9) One of these specific objects named the Michael is on display at a museum in Bovington. The Lima Locomotive Works was the first factory to produce these objects. A modified type of this vehicle known as a "Crab" was used by "Hobart's Funnies." Close to 80 percent of these vehicles, which were lighter than a similar vehicle named for Churchill, were provided by the Lend-Lease program. These vehicles carried a 75-milimeter gun, used in frequent clashes with German Panzers. For ten points, name this medium-sized American tank, named after a Civil War general who led the March to the Sea.

M4 Sherman Tank (accept Medium Tank, M4; prompt on tank before mentioned)

(1) Defenders of this island were massacred after the capture of Fort St. Elmo. Charles received a falcon in exchange for this island from an organization that had been (+) evicted from Rhodes and Cyprus; they stayed on this island until the reign of Napoleon. An Ottoman invasion of this island was defeated by Grand Master (*) Jean de la Valette, who now names this island's capital. For ten points, name this Mediterranean island once owned by the Knights Hospitallers.

Malta BONUS: What King of Egypt was overthrown in a 1952 coup and forced to abdicate in favor of his son Fuad II? ANSWER: King Farouk of Egypt (accept Faruq al-Awwal)

(14) These people revolted after the issuance of the Seven Grievances. They were unified under the Eight Banners system of Nurhaci. The Revolt of the Three Feudatories targeted a ruler of this ethnicity, shortly after Dorgon led troops of this ethnicity to victory in the Battle of the Shanhai Pass. The longest reigning emperor of China, Kangxi [kahng shee], was of this ethnicity. The Ming dynasty was overthrown by, for the point, what northern ethnic group that established the Qing [ching] dynasty?

Manchu people Page 3 NHBB Nationals Bee 2016-2017 Bee Round 2

(1) This man's teacher during the Second Sophistic, Herodes Atticus, was completely ignored by this author during his later works. While on deployment, James Mattis was known to carry a copy of this man's most famous work. This man constantly calls for himself to evaluate life from a cosmic perspective in a book written while on campaign against the Marcomanni tribes in Germania. For the point, name this Stoic Roman Emperor and author of the Meditations.

Marcus Aurelius Antoninus Augustus

(2) This choreographer depicted the Spanish Civil War in Deep Song and homeless people during the Great Depression in "Steps In The Street," part of larger work. This choreographer of Chron cle frequently collab rated with the (+) Japanese-American set designer and sculptor Isamu Noguchi. In another of this choreographer's ballets, a newlywed Pennsylvania couple set up a (*) farmstead to music that includes the Shaker hymn "Simple Gifts." For ten points, name this modern dancer who choreographed Aaron Copland's Appalachian Spring

Martha Graham

(2) This island is home to Methodist camp known for its gingerbread cottages, Wesleyan Grove. This island, which comprises the bulk of Dukes County, was home to village sign language that died out in the 1950s. John F. Kennedy Jr. (+) died in a plane crash off this island's coast, and depending on tides, this island is sometimes connected to a smaller island where (*) Mary Jo Kopechne died in the Chappaquiddick Incident. For ten points, name this resort island off the south coast of mainland Massachusetts and west of Nantucket.

Martha's Vineyard

(4) This ruler ordered Stephen Tomasevic executed at the Emperor's Field during his conquest of Bosnia. This ruler was targeted by Vlad the Impaler's night attack at Targoviste. This ruler's most famous military conquest required transporting galleys overland to avoid a boom chain across the Golden Horn and led to the death of Constantine XI Palaiologos. For the point, name this sultan of the Ottoman Empire who had the Hagia Sophia renovated and converted into a mosque after he conquered Constantinople.

Mehmet the Conqueror (or Mehmed II)

(24) Robert Toombs opposed this conflict, saying "We had territory enough, Heaven knew." When the House of Representatives voted to honor officers who served in this conflict, John Quincy Adams loudly voted no, then suffered a cerebral hemorrhage and died two days later. As a representative, Abraham Lincoln doubted the validity of this war via the Spot Resolutions, and a philosopher refused to support either slavery or this war by paying his poll tax, as noted in Civil Disobedience. For the point, name this 1840s war, unpopular in the North due to fears that slavery would expand in new territory won along the Rio Grande.

Mexican-American War

(32) In 1914, an arms ship bound for this country named the Ypiranga was illegally intercepted by an American warship. The Liberation Army of the South was a paramilitary group in this country, where the US occupied a port city for seven months after the Tampico Affair. The Plan of Ayala was proclaimed by a revolutionary whose base of power in this country was the state of Morelos. For the point, name this country where peasants were led by Emiliano Zapata and where, during World War I, the US occupied Veracruz.

Mexico (or United Mex can States or Estados Unidos Mex canos

(22) Both this city's "father" and "mother," Julia Tuttle, hail from Cleveland. A year after the Meyer-Kiser Building was built in this city, it nearly toppled over in a massive storm. This city was incorporated in 1896 and named for a river, not the owner of its Royal (+) Palm Hotel, railroad magnate Henry Flagler. Chicago Mayor Anton Cermak was fatally wounded here by (*) anarchist Giuseppe Zangara, who was targeting Franklin Roosevelt. For the point, name this city devastated by a 1926 hurricane and once home to Florida's largest building, the Dade County Courthouse.

Miami (do not accept Miami Beach)

(5) This man rose to his highest post after leading the ships Novara, Saida, and Helgoland in a raid on the Otranto Barrage. Following his overthrow, this man's capital was taken in a one hundred day siege. This man first allied with the Axis over anger at the Treaty of (+) Trianon, though his son was later kidnapped and wrapped into a carpet during Operation Panzerfaust, which was planned by Otto Skorzeny. (*) Ferenc Szalai [fer-entz SA-lie] of the Arrow Cross Party took power after the overthrow of, for ten points, what admiral who led Hungary in World War II?

Miklos Horthy

(4) This dynasty refused to pay a ransom to Esen Taishi after he had captured the emperor Zhengtong in the Tumu Crisis. This dynasty ended after a coup in which its final emperor hung himself from a tree outside a palace built by the Yongle Emperor; in that coup, Li Zicheng established the short-lived Shun dynasty. A giraffe from Malindi was brought back to this dynasty during the voyages of Zheng He. For the point, name this dynasty that was shortly followed by the Qing [ching] and is known for trading porcelain ceramics with the West.

Ming Dynasty

(36) This event culminated in a conversation at the Sidrat al-Muntaha, a "Lote-tree beyond which none may pass." The steed Buraq aided in this event, which involves visits to all seven samaawat. The 17th surah of the Quran, al-Isra, opens by briefly describing this event, which began at the Masjid al-Haram. During this event, the command for Muslims to pray 50 times per day was reduced to five on Moses' advice during a conversation with Allah. For the point, name this 621 spiritual event in which Muhammad traveled to the "farthest mosque," then ascended to heaven.

Muhammad's Night Journey (accept Isra and Mi'raj before Isra is mentioned, prompting if either half is given alone; prompt on descriptive answers regarding Muhammad ascending to and/or visiting heaven)

(5) The first section of this work uses "B flat, E flat, D, B flat" motif to represent ruined castle, and another quotes "Ye Who Are Warriors of God." The second piece in this work quotes "La Mantovana" and opens with pair of (+) flutes representing the "Cold" and "Warm" branches of the title river. This work depicts Vyˇsehrad [vee SHARE rahd], the Hussite stronghold of Tabor, as well as a (*) river that flows through Prague. For ten points, name this set of six patriotic symphonic poems, including "The Moldau," by Czech composer Bedrich Smetana.

M´a Vlast (or My Homeland

(19) One of these objects was nicknamed the "Auntie Ju," and another produced by Heinkel was nicknamed the "Griffin." The most famous of these objects employed automatic divebrakes and was known for the sirens produced by the "Jericho Trumpet." These objects were often protected by Messerschmitt 109s. The most famous of these vehicles was the Stuka, and these vehicles carried out a raid on Coventry during the Blitz. For the point, name these aircraft whose dropped explosives caused firestorms during the Blitzkrieg.

Nazi German bombers (accept divebombers; prompt on general terms for aircraft, but do not accept or prompt specific types, like fighters)

(15) A plot against this ruler involved Faenius Rufus, a leader of the Praetorian Guard. According to tradition, this man sent three assassins to kill his mother, having earlier failed to do so with a rigged boat. This man forced Seneca the Younger, among others, to commit suicide for plotting the aforementioned Pisonian conspiracy. The Domus Aurea was constructed by this ruler on land that had been cleared by a disaster this emperor blamed on the Christian minority in Rome. The death of this ruler preceded the Year of the Four Emperors. For the point, name this Roman emperor who allegedly fiddled while Rome burned.

Nero Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus Page 3 NHBB Nationals Bee 2015-2016 Bee Round 3

(1) The surrender of a fort in this state was demanded "In the name of the Great Jehovah and the Continental Congress!" A city in this state names a "conspiracy" defused by George Washington. A Revolutionary War battle in this state consisted of engagements at Freeman's Farm and Bemis Heights and led to the surrender of John Burgoyne. For ten points, name this home state of Newburgh, Fort Ticonderoga, and Saratoga, as well as engagements on Manhattan Island.

New York BONUS: Fort Ticonderoga was the staging point for an invasion of Canada that was defeated at this 1775 battle, where Richard Montgomery was killed. ANSWER: Battle of Quebec City

(35) Initial refusers of the validity of this document, such as Theonas of Marmarica and Secundus of Ptolemais, were exiled to Illyria. This document declares one figure to be "homoousios" in order to support (+) Athanasius's theology. This document was amended at a meeting that rejected Damasus I's influence, and different versions of it either have or omit the word (*) "filioque." For the point, name this creed, first written at a 325 AD church council, that countered Arianism by pledging belief in Jesus and God "being of one substance."

Nicene Creed (or Nicene-Constantinople Creed, or word forms)

(20) On a foreign visit, this man angrily asked if he had to commit suicide before he could visit Disneyland. A few months earlier, this man claimed "in passing you by, we will wave to you" in explaining his country's progress to the U.S. Vice President. This leader attempted to alleviate food shortages with his Virgin Lands campaign, and he established a hotline with Washington D.C. shortly after he tried to arm Fidel Castro in the Cuban Missile Crisis. For the point, name this Soviet premier who succeeded Joseph Stalin.

Nikita Khrushchev

(4) Squatters attempted to establish the Cimmaron Territory in a portion of this state, and a proposed state in its eastern half would have had its capital at Muskogee. This state's Unassigned Lands were opened up to settlement with the Land Rush of 1889, and the "Neutral Strip," or "No Man's Land," became this state's western panhandle. The proposed state of Sequoyah would have succeeded the Indian Territory in, for ten points, what Great Plains state just north of Texas?

Oklahoma

(2) In the aftermath of this event, the UK broke diplomatic ties with the country in which it took place because Dora Bloch, a 75-year-old woman, went missing from her hospital. Jean-Jacques Maimoni was (+) accidentally killed during his event, which involved the killing of Wilfried B¨ose and 6 other hijackers. Yonathan (*) Netanyahu died in this event, which was carried out by the IDF to end a hostage situation that had been supported by Idi Amin. For the points, name this July 4, 1976 Israeli rescue mission that took place at an airport in Uganda.

Operation Entebbe (or Operation Thunderbolt; accept Operation Jonathan before mentioned; accept descriptions of the raid on Entebbe Airport; prompt on descriptions of the end of the 1976 hostage crisis that don't mention Entebbe)

(30) In this city, a controversial pacifist "oath" was adopted after the King and Country debate. The Tracts for the Times were published in this city by a group including Edward Pusey. In this city, men nicknamed "Soapy Sam" and "Darwin's (+) Bulldog" participated in the Wilberforce-Huxley debate over evolution. The future Cardinal Newman led a religious movement named for this city. Hugh Latimer, Nicholas Ridley, and Thomas (*) Cranmer were burnt at the stake in this city. For the point, name this English city home to a university which has a rivalry with Cambridge.

Oxford

(6) In a song about this thing, the singer has "a pocket full of quarters...[he's] bringing everything he's made;" that novelty hit by Buckner and Garcia is about a fever named for this game. Level 256 presents this game's kill screen, causing the maximum score to be 3,333,360, first achieved by Billy Mitchell. The E.T. flop and a horrible port of this game sunk the Atari 2600 and contributed to the video game market crash. Invulnerability and the ability to eat Inky, Pinky, Blinky, and Clyde are granted by power pellets in, for ten points, what classic arcade game whose title character is most of a yellow circle?

Pac-Man BONUS: According to legend, the release of this other classic arcade game led to a shortage of 100-yen coins in Japan. ANSWER: Space Invaders

(8) Welsh people settled this region's Chubut Valley, and it is home to a glacier that is still advancing, the Perito Moreno. The first president of one country that shares it is memorialized in its Bernardo O'Higgins National Park. Its native Tehuelche [tuh wel chee] people were taller than Europeans at first contact, leading to the legend that it was inhabited by giants. For ten points, name this region, sometimes defined as including the archipelago of Tierra del Fuego, that takes up the southern portion of Chile and Argentina.

Patag nia

(2) This goddess's control of the southern part of an island was confirmed after she attacked another goddess' snow mantle during a sledding competition. This goddess' sister Namaka flooded the holes she dug in an attempt to find a home; this goddess eventually took up residence in the Navel of the World. This daughter of Haumea and Wakea names a type of glass strand ejected from underground. For ten points, name this Polynesian fire goddess who lives in Mauna Loa and who, mythologically, created the Hawaiian Islands.

Pele

(7) One writer from this country who was stabbed to death by a mentally deranged man wrote the poetry collection Alma America. One writer from this country called Mexico a "perfect dictatorship," and wrote a novel in which a writer at (+) Radio Panamericana has an affair with an older woman. A novel set in this country ends with the burning at the stake of Brother Juniper, who had earlier witnessed a rope bridge collapse. The books (*) Aunt Julia and the Scriptwriter and The Bridge of San Luis Rey are set in, for ten points, what home country of writer Mario Vargas Llosa that inspired Pablo Neruda's poem "The Heights of Macchu Picchu?"

Peru

(6) In this country, Emilia Plater participated in an insurgency that tried to oust Grand Duke Constantine, Wojciech Glowacki [VOY-check glo-VATZ-kee] became a national hero by capturing a Russian cannon at the Battle of Raclawice [rah-swa-veetz-ah]. Vasili Popov established a confederation opposed to this country's 1791 constitution at Targowica, which helped put down scythe-wielding peasants fighting in the Kosciuszko Uprising. For ten points, name this country, whose citizens rebelled after, in 1793, it was partitioned for the second time.

Poland

(2) The policies of this period were supported by Ludvik Svoboda. To protest the end of this event, Jan Palach committed self-immolation. This event ended with the "Normalization" period under Gustav Husak, and it had begun after the ouster of Antonin Novotny. The initiator of this period, who promulgated an "Action Plan" and "socialism with a human face," was Alexander Dubcek. Soon after Leonid Brezhnev sent Warsaw Pact troops to quell it, he formulated his namesake Doctrine. For ten points, name this 1968 period of liberalization in Czechoslovakia.

Prague Spring (or Prazske jaro or Prazska jar)

(8) Master of disguise Izzy Einstein enforced this policy with the phrase "There's sad news here." It was also enforced by an incorruptible police force called "The (+) Untouchables" led by Eliot Ness. Ness was tasked with ending Al Capone's control over Chicago's (*) speakeasies. This policy was established via a Constitutional amendment ratified in 1919. For ten points, name this thirteen-year period of American history during which alcoholic beverages were forbidden.

Prohibition (accept descriptions of the banning of alcoholic beverages before mentioned) Page 10 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2015-2016 Bowl Round 1 Extra Question Only read if you need a backup or tiebreaker!

(42) This man's admiral Laelius commanded an amphibious attack during a siege of Cartagena. This commander held back cavalry to outflank an opponent at the Battle of Baecula; two years later, his victory at the Battle of Ilipa drove his enemies from Spain for good. In another battle, this general negated an enemy tactic by having his soldiers open paths for elephants to charge through. For the point, name this Roman general whose victory at the Battle of Zama over Hannibal ended the Second Punic War and earned him a geographic nickname.

Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus

(9) This man used the quote "art is eternal, life is short" while anonymously submitting his opera Vakula the Smith to a competition. In support of wounded Serbian veterans of a 1876 conflict with the Ottoman Empire, this man penned his "Marche slave" for charity. Part of "La Marseillaise" [mar sigh ehz] is followed by cannon fire in one of this man's works, which was composed to commemorate the Battle of Borodino. For ten points, name this Russian composer of the 1812 Overture

Pyotr Tchaikovsky BONUS: Tchaikovsky's 1812 Overture was written to be played outside this Moscow cathedral, which was destroyed by Stalin in 1931. A new cathedral on the same site was consecrated in 2000. ANSWER: Cathedral of Christ the Saviour

(6) After the passing of a law named for this region, governor Guy Carleton was accused of attempting to entrench Catholicism here. Richard Montgomery and (+) Benedict Arnold led a failed attempt to capture this region that prompted John Burgoyne's Hudson River campaign. In a 1759 battle in this region, both the (*) Marquis de Montcalm and James Wolfe were killed. This region was captured by the British in the Seven Years War after a victory at the Plains of Abraham. For ten points, name this region, a modern day French-speaking Canadian province.

Quebec

(12) This man assumed personal control of the army after the success of the enemy side's Operation Mistral 2. This man went into hiding as an alternative medicine doctor named Dragan Dabic, while he was eventually arrested in (+) Belgrade in 2008. This man was convicted of genocide for his role in the extermination of Muslim men and boys in (*) Srebrenica [sreh-breh-NEET-zah]. For the point, name this former President of Republika Sprska who, in March 2016, was sentenced to 40 years in prison for crimes against humanity committed during the Bosnian War.

Radovan Karadzic

(8) After World War II, this agency ran a series of scrap centers, selling surplus bombers to Boy Scout troops and schools. Charles Dawes, Atlee Pomerene, and Eugene Meyer were among the many short-termed leaders of this agency, which, by the time it was closed in 1957, issued $2 billion in aid and loans. For ten points, name this government agency, founded in 1932 under President Hoover and expanded under Jesse Jones during the New Deal, which sought to rebuild the nation's economic confidence by lending money to banks and businesses.

Reconstruction Finance Corporation

(9) This group largely took inspiration from Carlos Marighella's Minimanual of the Urban Guerilla. Members of this group committed suicide during "death night" while being held in Stammheim Prison. The first incarnation of this group is referred to as the (+) Baader-Meinhof Gang, and it was responsible for the deaths of Jurgen Ponto and Hanns Schleyer during the (*) 1977 German Autumn. For ten points, name this West German left-wing terrorist group that operated during the 1970s.

Red Army Faction (or Rote Armee Fraktion; prompt on Baader-Meinhof Gang before it is read) Page 11 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2015-2016 Bowl Round 8

(1) Thousands of soldiers fleeing from this country attempted to surrender to the British after World War II, but they were refused and subsequently massacred in the Bleiburg Repatriation. In this country, one ethnic group barricaded the village of Berak to disrupt a 1990 election, leading to the Log Revolution. It was led during its independence war by Franjo Tudman, also its first president. This country was led during World War II by the fascist Ustase party, and its ports on the Adriatic include Split and Rijeka. For ten points, name this former Yugoslavian republic, a country with capital Zagreb.

Republic of Croatia

(5) Javad Fakoori ordered a failed surprise attack against this country in which four Phantom jets tried to carry out Operation Scorched Sword; the French helped repair the damage from that attack. David Ivry helped plan another attack on this country that provided the first application of Menachim Begin's foreign doctrine; in announcing that doctrine, Begin noted that "later may be too late." That attack on this country was codenamed Operation Opera and carried out by the Israeli Air Force through Saudi airspace to prevent this country from developing nuclear weapons. For ten points, name this country that tried to build a nuclear reactor south of Baghdad.

Republic of Iraq BONUS: This was the nuclear reactor targeted in Operations Scorched Sword and Opera. Its name was inspired by an Egyptian god. ANSWER: Osirak nuclear reactor

(15) Two queens of this country were the only women to have the khutbah declared in their name. The rise of the Sulayhid dynasty forced Zabid's sons to flee from this country to Dahlak. A king of this country threw the Christians of (+) Najran into burning ditches and committed suicide by riding a horse into the sea. Dhu Nuwas ruled this country's Himyarite Kingdom, which fell to the (*) Aksum from Ethiopia. Coffea arabica was a common good sold in this country's city of Mocha. For the points, name this birthplace of Osama bin Laden, a country north of the Gulf of Aden whose capital is Sana'a.

Republic of Yemen (accept al-Jumhuriyah al-Yamaniyah)

(1) After this character's wife laments "I squeezed your paycheck 'til it screamed...there was no rent," this man reassures her by saying "You made that place a home." Earlier, this man's wife tries to stop the beating of a (+) peasant, until this man reminds her that "It's just a play! She'll get up afterward" during a performance of The Red (*) Detachment of Women. On this character's entrance, he sings that "news has a kind of mystery" in a hand-shaking line on a tarmac, having stepped off the Spirit of '76. For the points, name this leader who travels with his wife, Patricia, and advisor, Henry Kissinger, to China in a John Adams opera.

Richard Nixon (accept Nixon in China)

(10) A campaign pin that opposed this man said that this man wasn't "even a good banana." In a debate, this man claimed that "Democrat wars" in the 20th century killed as many people as the population of Detroit. In one election, this man ran with former professional football player Jack Kemp. After Nelson Rockefeller declined to run for the vice presidency, this man was chosen to replace him for the Election of 1976. For ten points, name this running mate of Gerald Ford and opponent of Bill Clinton in the election of 1996.

Robert "Bob" Dole Page 2 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2015-2016 Bowl Backup Round 1 Second Quarter

(7) This man signed his articles as Raro and Eusebius in the Neue Zeitschrift f¨ur Musik. This man wrote a set of works that depicts a hobby-horse and a game of Blind Man's Bluff and dedicated his Kreislerania to Chopin. The composer of three Romances for violin and piano married this man in 1837, 13 years before their trip to Cologne Cathedral inspired part of his Rhenish Symphony. For ten points, name this composer of Scenes from Childhood who married Clara Wieck [VEEK].

Robert Schumann BONUS: Eusebius makes an appearance alongside Harlequin, Chopin, and Liszt in this other Schumann set of piano works, which are linked by the recurring motif of A-S-C-H. ANSWER: Carnaval

(7) This body's legislation was stored in the treasury building, called the Aerarium. A common stalling tactic in this body was to continue speaking until nightfall. This body was forbidden from meeting more than a mile from the pomerium. The Catiline Conspiracy was exposed in a meeting of this body, whose actions could be vetoed by tribunes. Its members were appointed by the censors, often after holding offices like aedile and quaestor. For ten points, name this legislative body of Rome.

Roman Senate (prompt on Senate alone until "Rome" is said, then accept Senate)

(19) This innovator's mysterious disappearance aboard the Dresden and the later discovery of his corpse in the North Sea have led to a host of conspiracy theories about his death. This man got into a patent dispute with Herbert Ackroyd Smart after he combined direct injection and compression-ignition in his most famous invention, which Smart patented separately; that most famous innovation by this man relies on the compression of air, thus doing away with the spark plug. For the point, name this German inventor of an internal combustion engine that runs on a namesake type of fuel.

Rudolf (Christian Karl) Diesel

(1) The Delimitation Protocol between these two countries failed to resolve the undefined area of Bozai Gumbaz. A quasi-war between these two countries began when William Bentinck attempted to establish a trade route to Bukhara and culminated in a military standoff in the Panjdeh Incident. The Pamir Boundary Commission helped mediate one rivalry between these two empires by setting the border of Afghanistan, thus ending the "Great Game." For ten points, name these two colonizing empires that were led by Queen Victoria and Tsar Nicholas I respectively.

Russia and the United Kingdom (accept Great Britain or England for UK; do not accept the Soviet Union for Russia)

(43) One ruler of this empire was crowned in utero and had his crown placed on his mother's womb. Emperor Gaozong of the Tang Dynasty granted asylum to Peroz, a prince from this empire whose royal standard was the Derafsh Kavriani. The (+) Rashidun Caliphate sacked this empire's capital Ctesiphon. Artabanus V was defeated by Ardashir I of this empire at the Battle of Hormozdgan. Under (*) Khosrau I, this empire signed the Eternal Peace with Byzantine Emperor Justinian I. For the point, name this empire in modern day Iran that succeeded the Parthians.

Sassanid (or Sassanian) Empire Page 10 NHBB Nationals Bee 2015-2016 Bee Final Round

(3) The arrival of French ships at Tybee Island near this city forced a withdrawal by John Maitland. This city was captured by Archibald Campbell in the Revolutionary War, and Casimir Pulaski died during a failed retake of this city. Joseph Wheeler's cavalry harassed a force that captured this city, along with 25,000 bales of cotton and 150 guns. For the point, name this "Christmas present" to Abraham Lincoln at the end of the Sherman's March to the Sea in Georgia.

Savannah

(7) After the second conviction of a member of this group, a nearby band played There'll be a Hot Time in the Old Town Tonight. R.R. Bridges' testimony expressed extreme doubt about the supposed crimes of this group. A.E. Hawkins declared a mistrial for one member of this group, (+) Roy Wright, after the jury couldn't decide on a sentence. This group's convictions were overturned by the Supreme Court due to faulty (*) procedures, including the use of a 100% white jury. For ten points, name this group of nine black youths whose case, in which they were convicted of raping two women on a train, went to the Supreme Court as Powell v. Alabama.

Scottsboro Boys

(9) These people were led by a man named Garson in the defense of the Negro Fort. Escaped slaves who fled to this tribe were known as their "Black" variant, and this tribe reneged on the coerced Treaty of Payne's Landing. Two British "agents" were hung in 1818 during a controversial campaign against the Creek and this tribe. Some members of this tribe, led by Osceola, fled deep into the Everglades rather than admit defeat after one of its three wars with the United States. For ten points, name this Native American tribe attacked by Andrew Jackson in early 19th century Florida.

Seminole BONUS: The two aforementioned British agents were hung for aiding the Seminoles after a hasty trial overseen by Andrew Jackson. Name either executed agent. ANSWER: George Arbuthnot and/or Robert C. Ambrister Page 5 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2016-2017 Bowl Playoff Packet 5

(8) An adherent of this religion, Amar Kaleka, ran in the 2014 Democratic primary for Paul Ryan's House seat. Kaleka's father, Satwant, was one of six people fatally shot in 2012 at a Wisconsin temple of this religion during preparation of langar, a free communal meal. The Golden Temple in Amritsar is the holiest worship site for members of, for the point, what Indian religion whose members follow the five K's and the teachings of Guru Gobind Singh?

Sikhism

(30) This man's calls for a "Great Instauration" were connected with the Rosicrucian Manifestos in the 17th-century. Though not Edward de Vere, this man was the first historical figure accused of actually writing (+) Shakespeare's plays. This man identified four separate misconceptions faced by human beings during the pursuit of knowledge as (*) "idols" and laid forth his technique of inductive reasoning in his The New Atlantis. The island of Bensalem was created by, for the points, what early English philosopher who is often called the father of the scientific method?

Sir Francis Bacon (prompt on Bacon) Page 7 NHBB Nationals Bee 2016-2017 Bee Playoff Round 1

(6) A media building owned by this leader was rammed by a wheel-loader at the start of the Bulldozer Revolution. A Chinese embassy was accidentally bombed during a NATO intervention against this leader called Operation Allied Force. This man was accused of failing to prevent Ratko Mladic [m'lah ditch] from perpetrating the Srebrenica [sreh breh neetz ah] massacre by the prosecutors of his war crime trial, though he died of a heart attack in 2006 before a verdict could be reached. For ten points, name this Serbian president of Yugoslavia during the Kosovo War.

Slobodan Milosevi´c

(23) One member of this group reformed Alyosius Lilius' Gregorian calendar. Another member of this group was the first to publish a grammar of the Coptic language and is considered the "founder of Egyptology." Athanasius Kircher was a member of this group, which also included one of the judges who agreed to the sentencing of Giordano Bruno to death in 1600; that theologian argued against heliocentrism at the trial of Galileo. Cardinal Robert Bellarmine was a member of, for the point, what Catholic congregation founded by Ignatius of Loyola?

Society of Jesus (accept Jesuits; accept Societas Iesu; prompt on Catholic Church)

(20) In this country, political appointees were required to join the Can Lao party, which worked to support its ruler. The Case-Church amendment ended American support for this country. A massacre in this country at Hue [who-ay] sparked a civil resistance movement led by Buddhist monks. In 1963, this country's Catholic leader, Ngo Dinh Diem [no-din-eam], was assassinated. For the point, name this nation that was conquered by its communist northern neighbor shortly after the U.S. withdrew from Saigon.

South Vietnam (or the Republic of Vietnam; prompt on Vietnam alone)

(7) The Panjshir valley was captured early on in this war. This war was preceded by Operation Storm-333, which replaced Hafizullah Amin with Babrak Karmal. It was prompted by the deterioration of relations with Nur Muhammed Taraki, who had seized power in the Saur Revolution. This conflict was opposed by Operation Cyclone, in which Stinger missiles were given to mujahideen warriors by CIA operatives. For ten points, name this decade-long conflict, a Soviet invasion of a Middle Eastern country.

Soviet invasion of Afghanistan (or the Soviet-Afghan War) BONUS: The Soviet invasion of Afghanistan began under this Soviet Premier, who signed the Helsinki Accords. ANSWER: Leonid Brezhnev

(8) This country paid families in the U.S. $80,000 as negotiated by Caleb Cushing, after troops from this country executed people on board the Virginius. The unknown source of the Arkansas River shifted a boundary that had been defined in an 1819 treaty between the U.S. and this country; that treaty was negotiated by John Quincy Adams and Luis de Onis. For the point, name this European country that fought an 1898 war against the U.S. after the explosion of the Maine.

Spain

(2) Daniel Webster called this document "practically prejudicial" in an attempt to rescind it. "Nineteen twentieths of the whole people approve[d]" of this order, according to the pres dent who signed it on July 11, 1836. Secretary of the (+) Treasury Levi Woodbury issued this order, which temporarily allowed for up to 320 acres of settled land to be paid in (*) banknotes, but required everything else to be paid through gold and silver coinage. For ten points, name this anti-speculation executive order of Andrew Jackson that contributed to the Panic of 1837.

Specie Circular

(21) One cause of this conflict was the Policy of Standardisation. This conflict included massacres at Gonagala and the Kent and Dollar Farms. During this conflict, "Captain Miller" bombed an army camp as part of a suicide bombing force called the (+) "Black Tigers." This conflict started when a unit with call sign Four Four Bravo was ambushed by insurgents. The Temple of (*) Tooth was bombed during this conflict, which included the assassination of Rajiv Gandhi. For the point, name this conflict in which the Tamil Tigers rebelled against the government of an island nation.

Sri Lankan Civil War Page 5 NHBB Nationals Bee 2015-2016 Bee Final Round

(1) This company was preceded by the South Improvement Company and was founded in Cleveland. One of this company's founders was the father of Palm Beach and Miami, Florida, Henry (+) Flagler, who pioneered this company's tactic of working with railroads to get shipping rebates. This company was the subject of a 19-part (*) "history" by an author for McClure's magazine, which led to this company's breakup under the Sherman Antitrust Act. For ten points, name this monopoly created by John D. Rockefeller.

Standard Oil Company BONUS: Ludovico Ariosto wrote what Italian epic poem about a paladin of Charlemagne? ANSWER: Orlando Furioso

(11) Storm Delarverie may have sparked this event after crying out "Why don't you guys do something?" Three years prior to this event, a similar event occurred at the Compton Cafeteria in San Francisco. The Genovese mob owned the Christopher Street establishment where this event began. Participants in this event were said to have "lost that wounded look." Seymour Pine led the police response to this event in Greenwich Village. The Gay Liberation Front was formed after, for the point, what June 1969 riot in New York City?

Stonewall (Inn) riots

(6) This weapon used a programmable logic controller rootkit, but was designed to ignore victims that did not have the Step7 engineering platform, produced by Siemens. It used a series of four "zero day" vulnerabilities to provide false feedback on (+) centrifuges that were instructed to spin themselves to failure. It is believed that this weapon was delivered in 2007 via a (*) USB flash drive at a uranium enrichment plant. For the point, name this computer worm that, in 2007, attacked Iran's nuclear program.

Stuxnet (prompt on descriptions of the computer worm that attacked Iran's nuclear plant before appropriate clues have been given)

(8) Buffalo Bill rode up to this figure and bowed to her at the Chicago World's Fair. Ann Gordon argues that pro life depictions of this figure are an example of "invented memory." This woman worked with (+) George Train as the publisher of a weekly newspaper called The Revolution; that paper put her ten thousand dollars in debt, according to testimony in which she declared "I shall never (*) pay a dollar of your unjust penalty" after being arrested in Rochester after attempting to vote. For ten points, name this advocate for women's suffrage who was honored on a 20th century dollar coin.

Susan Brownell Anthony Page 10 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2016-2017 Bowl Round 4 Extra Question Only read if you need a backup or tiebreaker!

(26) This leader embezzled from his own National Defense Corps' food budget; tens of thousands of men starved during a three-week-long "death march" undertaken to "train" the NDC. This leader ordered the (+) December Massacres after his opponent's capital was recaptured in 1950. This ruler, who put down the (*) Jeju uprising at the beginning of his rule, was forced into exile in Hawaii by the 1960 April Revolution, and he was replaced by Yun Bosun. For the points, name this dictator, the first president of South Korea.

Syngman Rhee

(2) This group was satirized in a Puck cartoon that depicted its members as planets revolving around Richard Croker. William Mooney was elected as the first Grand Sachem of this group, whose name derives from a leader of the Lenape Tribe. After the most famous leader of this group died in Ludlow Street Jail, it was purged by "Honest" John Kelly. The Locofoco faction was formed to oppose this group, which was depicted as a tiger killing democracy in a Thomas Nast cartoon. For ten points, name this New York political machine controlled by Boss Tweed.

Tammany Hall

(22) This dynasty established various Protectorates General to pacify the East, West and North. Huang Chao led a military uprising against this dynasty shortly after he massacred tens of thousands of Arabs and Jews in Guangzhou. This dynasty was briefly usurped by the Zhou Dynasty under Empress Wu Zetian, and was briefly replaced by the State of Yan after an uprising led by a half Sogdian half Turkish general. For the point, name this Chinese dynasty that faced the An Lushan rebellion and succeeded the Sui Dynasty.

Tang Dynasty

(10) A collection of artifacts from this dynasty was discovered after an Arab dhow carrying its namesake "treasure" shipwrecked off the coast of Be tung. Li Jiancheng was assassinated in coup during this dynasty called the (+) Xuanwu [shu an wu] Gate Incident. During this dynasty, a member of the Four Beauties, Yang Guifei, adopted a famous rebel whose insurrection led to possibly over 30 million deaths. (*) Du Fu and Li Po were poets during, for ten points, what Chinese dynasty that succeeded the Sui Dynasty and experienced the An Lushan Rebellion?

Tang Dynasty Extra Question Only read if you need a backup or tiebreaker!

(4) This city grew according to plan created by Patrick Geddes, and its Engel House is the first building here to make use of pilotis. A central roundabout here is named for the wife of its first mayor, Meir Dizengoff, and the world's largest collection of (+) International Style buildings can be found in its "White City." This city took its name from the title of a novel by Theodor (*) Herzl and was founded in 1909 on the northern outskirts of Jaffa. Bauhaus architects fleeing Nazi Germany developed the architecture of, for ten points, what coastal city, the second-most populous in Israel?

Tel Aviv-Yafo Page 10 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2016-2017 Bowl Playoff Packet 6

(2) This book names the subtitle of Mark Twain's 19th century European travelogue Innocents Abroad A game based on this book is played by the March sisters in the first chapter of Little Women A re imagining of this book by (+) Nathaniel Hawthorne concerns a railway trip made by Mr. Smooth-it-away and is titled "The Celestial Railroad." William (*) Thackeray used a city that appears in this book to title his novel Vanity Fair. For ten points, name this allegory about Christian's journey to the Celestial City, written by John Bunyan.

The Pilgrim's Progress from This World to That Which Is To Come

(10) Several melodies in this work were drawn from recordings collected by Yevgeniya Linyova in Lithuania. When Charlie Parker visited Paris, he incorporated this work's opening motif into a performance of (+) "Salt Peanuts." One section of this work percussively repeats an F flat and E flat seventh chord together, and its first dancers dismissed it as "arithmetic class." The initial (*) reaction to this work, which opens with a high bassoon solo, was directed at the "primitive" choreography of Vaslav Nijinsky rather than its dissonant music. For ten points, name this Igor Stravinsky ballet that caused a riot at its 1913 premiere.

The Rite of Spring (or Le Sacre du printemps) Extra Question Only read if you need a backup or tiebreaker!

(15) Apollodorus of Damascus was a military engineer for this man and designed a structure named for him that includes the Basilica Ulpia. A statue of this man was replaced by one of Saint Peter, standing on top of a monument to this man decorated with reliefs culminating in the suicide of Decebalus. This man built a bridge over the Danube River in his most famous campaign. For the point, name this second of the Five Good Emperors who commemorated his conquest of Dacia with a namesake column.

Trajan (or Caesar Nerva Trajanus Germanicus or Marcus Ulpius Nerva Trajanus Augustus; do not accept or prompt on any single name that isn't "Trajan")

(1) A Senator from Maine named William Frye was one negotiator of this treaty, whose fifth article limited the commissions of both sides to five people. One year before this treaty was signed, one side had signed the Pact of Biak-no-Bato with a revolutionary group. The Platt Amendment concerned a territory ceded by this treaty, which gave Puerto Rico and Guam to the United States. One side relinquished Cuba in, for ten points, what 1898 treaty ending the Spanish-American War?

Treaty of Paris of 1898 BONUS: The aforementioned Pact of Baik-na-Bato was signed by Spanish diplomats and this revolutionary Philippine leader, who became the first President of the Philippines two years later. ANSWER: Emilio Aguinaldo

(10) An association to promote this landmark was founded by John Woodruff and Cyrus Avery. This landmark, which hosted the "Bunion Derby," once included the Chain of Rocks Bridge. This landmark was officially (+) decommissioned in 1985. A depiction of migrants fleeing the Dust Bowl on this road in (*) Steinbeck's Grapes of Wrath was the source of this route's nickname "The Mother Road." A Bobby Troup song told the listener to "get your kicks on," For the points, what numbered highway that ran from Chicago to Santa Monica, California, often called the "Main Street of America?"

U.S. Route 66 (prompt on Mother Road before mentioned; prompt on Will Rogers Highway)

(21) David Brett died while visiting this landmark in 1988; police searching for his body found a small matinee jacket belonging to Azaria Chamberlain, who died in 1980, while her family camped at this landmark. The jacket's discovery prompted Lindy Chamberlain's release from prison, as it vindicated the story that Azaria had not been murdered, but rather killed by a dingo. For the point, name this landmark of the Northern Territory, a sandstone rock formation sacred to Aboriginal Australians.

Uluru (or Ayers Rock; prompt on Australian outback before "rock formation" is read) Page 4 NHBB Nationals Bee 2016-2017 Bee Round 6

(7) One of this band's songs, "Dreams" was played after the acceptance speech of John Kerry at the 2004 DNC. The 1985 Komsomol blacklist noted this band's "anti-Soviet propaganda" in banning songs like "Panama." A car mechanic named Sammy Hagar took over as lead vocalist of this band in 1986 after David Lee Roth left. The song "Jump" from the album 1984 was a number 1 hit for, for ten points, what rock band, named for the family name of its members Alex and Eddie?

Van Halen BONUS: The Komsomol blacklist banned plenty of bands for promoting sex and violence, but the only band guilty of spreading the "myth of Soviet military danger" was this David Byrne-fronted band whose hits include "Psycho Killer" and "Burning Down the House." ANSWER: Talking Heads

(33) In one work, this man tells another man to "abstain in your pontifical dignity from idle confabulations and revellings" as part of his desire for that man's monastery to become more pious. This author of a Letter to (+) Egbert is the only native of his country to become a Doctor of the Church. Albinus assisted this resident of (*) Jarrow Abbey in creating his best known work in 731, which began with Caesar's invasion of Britain and included sections on the martyrdom of St. Alban and the mission of Augustine of Canterbury. For the points, name this author of the Ecclesiastical History of the English People.

Venerable Bede (or Saint Bede)

(10) A building in this city designed by Pierre Cardin has been derided for looking like an "illuminated mushroom." This city is home to the Palace of Light and the Palazzo Dario, which was painted by Claude Monet. To protect trade secrets, this city forbade glassmakers on its island of Murano from leaving. Canaletto depicted this city in his painting Return of Bucentaure, Ascension Day and his many depictions of its Canalasso. For ten points, name this Italian city built precariously on the Mediterranean, where gondolas navigate its many canals.

Venice Page 2 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2015-2016 Bowl Round 6 Second Quarter

(1) One side in this war was forced to abandon aiding Jacobite uprising after storm off the Galician coast turned its fleet back. During this war, General Villasur was defeated by the Pawnee while attempting to curb French settlement in Nebraska. This war began after Philip V vi lated the Treaty of (+) Utrecht by claiming the French throne after Louis XIV's death. Sardinia was transferred to Savoy as part of the 1720 Treaty of (*) The Hague, ending this war. For ten points, name this war in which Spain unsuccessfully fought a namesake alliance of Great Britain, France, the Holy Roman Empire, and the Dutch Republic.

War of the Quadruple Alliance

(1) This work includes a section based on a Lancashire dance later associated with sailors, and may have been commissioned as a way to "show up" the Prince of Wales. The quieter orchestration of its G major portion indicates it was performed later at a "choice supper" in Chelsea, and its first portion in F major included movements titled "Bour´ee" and "Alla Hornpipe". For ten points, name this set of three suites, commissioned in 1717 by George I for a floating barge concert along the Thames, which were composed by George Handel.

Water Music BONUS: For George II, Handel wrote this wind band suite that includes La R´ejouissance and was commissioned to celebrate the Treaty of Aix-La-Chapelle. ANSWER: Music for the Royal Fireworks Page 2 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2015-2016 Bowl Round 5

(5) This series inspired the title of a 2005 Eugene Jarecki documentary analyzing the military-industrial complex. The fifth entry in this series opens with footage from Alexander Nevsky and Peter the First. A statement by Henry Stimson was edited into the first entry of this series, which contained footage from Triumph of the Will; that work was released four years before its creator directed It's a Wonderful Life For ten points, name this series of seven pro-American propaganda films created by Frank Capra during World War II.

Why We Fight

(5) This man's subjects imposed the "Charter of Privileges" while this man was away in England, and he lost most of his territory to Philip Ford. This man wrote the book No Cross, No Crown while imprisoned in the Tower of London. New Castle was the capital of one his territories, which he almost named "New Wales" until the intervention of the king. James II granted Delaware to this man, who was also granted a colony named for his family by Charles II in exchange for a fifth of all gold and silver. For ten points, name this man who founded a religious haven for Quakers.

William Penn Page 1 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2015-2016 Bowl Round 3

(16) Tragedy at this event included the death of Raymond Mizzak, a sleeping teenager who was run over by a tractor. Part of this event was interrupted by a complaint about John Sinclair's imprisonment, earning Abbie Hoffman a violent shove from Pete Townshend. This event, which took place on a dairy farm near White Lake, ended early on a Monday morning with a performance that included a solo of the Star-Spangled Banner by Jimi Hendrix. Hundreds of thousands of people attended, for the point, what landmark 1969 music festival in New York?

Woodstock Music and Art Fair (accept descriptions of the Woodstock Festival)

(9) The tutor William Henry Donald was sent to negotiate an end to this event, in which propaganda minister Shao Yuanchong was killed while climbing a fence. The Blue Shirts Society attempted to convince (+) He Yingqin to intervene militarily in this event, though it was eventually resolved by a delegation led by Zhou Enlai. Yang Hucheng was executed 13 years after his involvement in this event, which led to a (*) United Front between the Communists and the Kuomintang against Japan. For the points, name this December 1936 event in which Zhang Xueliang arrested and essentially kidnapped Chiang Kai-Shek.

Xi'an Incident (prompt on descriptions of the kidnapping of Chiang Kai-Shek before mentioned)

(2) UN Security Council 338 called for an end to this war. The decisive Operation Gazelle altered the course of this war. Fort Budapest was attacked early on in this war, which begun with Operation Badr. The battle of Chinese Farm was fought in order for one side to establish a canal bridgehead in this war. The Agranat Commission noted that Golda Meir was not responsible for being caught off guard in this war, which began with a surprise Syrian attack on the Golan Heights. For ten points, name this 1973 war in which the Arabs struck on the Jewish day of atonement.

Yom Kippur War BONUS: Fort Budapest was a part of this defensive line built by the Israelis. It was placed along the edge of the Suez Canal following the War of Attrition, and named for an Israeli chief of staff. ANSWER: Bar Lev Line Page 3 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2015-2016 Bowl Round 10

(8) While serving as this President's Secretary of War, George Crawford was implicated in the Galphin Affair. This President's Secretary of State negotiated an effort to build the Nicaragua Canal in the Clayton-Bulwer Treaty. Before becoming president, this man defeated Santa Anna at the Battle of Buena Vista during the Mexican-American War. For ten points, name this President, nicknamed "Old Rough and Ready," whose death after a year in office promoted Millard Fillmore to the presidency.

Zachary Taylor Second Quarter

(39) This pathogen's most recent pandemic is caused by its El Tor biotype. This bacterium's namesake toxin activates constitutive cyclic AMP production and causes dumping of water into the intestinal lumen. The UN invoked diplomatic immunity after (+) Nepalese peacekeepers were accused of spreading this pathogen. One outbreak of this disease was traced back to the Broad Street (*) pump using a dot map by John Snow, and the most recent epidemic of this disease followed a 2010 earthquake. For the point, name this disease that causes rice water diarrhea and is still ravaging Haiti.

cholera (accept Vibrio cholerae, do not accept or prompt on dysentery) Page 9 NHBB Nationals Bee 2015-2016 Bee Playoff Round 1

(8) Shaw v. Reno stated that this technique's use on the basis of race was subject to strict scrutiny, which led to one case of it being overturned in Miller v. Johnson. One example of this technique was named for Governor Gustavus (+) Henry, who used it against future president Andrew Johnson. Cracking, packing, and hijacking are variations of this technique. A creature shaped like a (*) dragon named this process, which the governor of Massachusetts used in 1812 to benefit the Democratic-Republican party. For ten points, name this process in which a political party changes the shape of electoral districts to benefit itself.

gerrymandering (accept Henry-mandering) Page 12 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2015-2016 Bowl V Quarterfinals and JV Semifinals

(17) 700 of these people who operated in Chalcidice [chal-kih-dih-kee] were named Brasidians after their commander. Thucydides wrote of an instance in which these people were massacred at Cape (+) Taenarus by Lacedaemonians. An earthquake prompted a revolt of these people that coincided with the Third (*) Messinian War, and these people were egged on to another revolt by Pausanias, a general of a rival city. These people could become neodamodes ["neo"-dam-oh-dees] after a period of service as hoplites. For the points, name these Spartan slaves.

helots (prompt on (Spartan) slaves before mentioned; do not prompt on Spartans) Page 4 NHBB Nationals Bee 2016-2017 Bee Playoff Round 2

(1) One of these weapons, called the Galena, assisted in the Siege of Fort Morgan. John Pope retreated after one of these weapons rammed the Richmond at the Battle of the Head of Passes. Catesby ap Roger Jones commanded one of these vessels after the wounding of Franklin Buchanan, following which the CSA began producing these ships. For ten points, name this type of ship, represented at Hampton Roads by the CSS Virginia and the USS Monitor, a heavily armored steamship with plating of a namesake metal.

ironclads (prompt on ships and other general terms) BONUS: This Confederate Secretary of the Navy proposed an ironclad fleet and was criticized for the failure to hold New Orleans. ANSWER: Stephen Mallory Page 2 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2015-2016 Bowl Round 3

(9) A pseudo-scientific theory argued that the first of these constructs began with a desire to worship the sun; that theory was used to promote Turkish nationalism by Kemal Ataturk. James IV of Scotland marooned two babies on Inchkeith Island in search of the original example of these systems. Another experiment about these systems led Akbar the Great to house several kids in a "dumb house," attended by silent nurses. L.L. Zamenhof invented one of, for ten points, what means of communications, exemplified by Esperanto and Spanish?

languages (accept descriptions of "the first language", even after Zamenhof is read; do not accept or prompt on alphabets)

(1) Helmand Province in the Golden Crescent produces over half of the world's supply of this commodity. The seizure of the Arrow on charges of suspected (+) piracy in Canton led to a war named for this commodity, which was destroyed by the crateful by Lin Zexu. The Treaty of (*) Nanking ended a conflict over, for ten points, what addictive drug, popularly consumed in "dens" and derived from the poppy plant, that names a series of 19th century wars between Great Britain and China?

opium BONUS: What German counter-terrorist organization was formed in the aftermath of the Munich Massacre? ANSWER: GSG 9 Grenzschutzgruppe 9 der Bundespolizei

(21) A force sent to take this city was struck by a cholera epidemic at Calamity Bay. During a battle for this city, Francois Canrobert's men successfully resisted an attack across the (+) Tchernaya River. Fortifications protecting this city at the Great Redan and Malakoff Redoubt were raided for their (*) guns that, according to legend, were melted into Victoria Cross awards. The Battle of Balaclava, at which the Charge of the Light Brigade took place, was part of the siege of this city. For the points, name this home of the Russian Black Sea fleet that fell to a siege during the Crimean War.

(Siege of) Sevastopol Page 5 NHBB Nationals Bee 2016-2017 Bee Playoff Round 2

(1) Union general Franz Sigel fled Baden-Baden in this year after leading a group with Joseph Hecker. A body formed during this year met at the Paulskirche. The red, gold, and black (+) tricolor was proposed by the Frankfurt Diet during this year, in which Karl Metternich was forced to resign in the aftermath of a popular uprising. (*) Louis-Phillipe was overthrown in, for ten points, what year in which the Communist Manifesto was published and a series of European uprisings occurred during the "Springtime of Nations?"

1848 BONUS: What Prussian-born officer's "Blue Book" helped train and professionalize the Continental Army and remained in American service training for several decades? ANSWER: Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben

(1) At a protest opposing the visit of Mohammed Reza Shah Pahlavi in this year, Freie Universitant Berlin students Benno Ohnesorg was shot by police, leading to the formation of the 2 June Movement. In this year, students from the University of Rome, Sapienza had a skirmish with police officers in the Battle of Valle Giulia. A protest in May of this year by Sorbonne students led to a national crisis that culminated in Charles de Gaulle feeling the country. For ten points, name this year whose student protests helped lead to liberalization movements like Prague Spring.

1968 BONUS: Elena Poniatowska wrote about what 1968 massacre of protesting students in Mexico City's Plaza de las Tres Culturas, which took place ten days before the Mexico City hosted the Olympics? ANSWER: Tlatelolco Massacre Page 3 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2015-2016 Bowl V Semifinals and JV Finals

(4) Lawson Knott oversaw the certification of this constitutional amendment. Birch Bayh and Emmanuel Celler co-named a proposal to pass this amendment, which had added stipulations missing from the earlier Keating-Kefauver proposal; those stipulations included a process that resulted in the ascent of Nelson Rockefeller to his highest post in 1974. For ten points, name this amendment that clarifies Vice Presidential confirmation and allows for the President to temporarily give power to the VP in cases of disability.

25th Amendment BONUS: The 25th Amendment clarified, constitutionally what numerous laws had previously tried to establish; one such law, passed in 1792, put this Congressional position first in line after the Vice President. As such, if Andrew Johnson had been successfully impeached, Benjamin Wade - then the holder of this position - would have taken office. ANSWER: Pres dent pro tempore (of the Senate) (do not accept or prompt on "president;" do not accept or prompt on general descriptions of the leader of the Senate)

(8) Sebastiano Venier rose to prominence after this battle, where one side lost a force of irreplaceable composite archers. A bronze sculpture of Neptune was crafted to bear similarities to one admiral in this battle, which was preceded by the siege of Famagusta. The winning side formed wings flanking the flagship Real [ray-AHL]. Andrea Doria and Miguel Cervantes fought in this battle, whose winning side was led by Don Juan of Austria. For ten points, name this 1571 naval victory for the Holy League over the Ottoman Empire.

Battle of Lepanto

(6) A ship originally named after this battle was captured during the Raid on Medway. Though injured during this battle, the winning side of this battle led a cavalry charge from the Sulby Hedges. After being shot, Philip Skippon decided not to retreat in order to maintain troop morale. Marmaduke Langdale commanded a group of Covenanters during this battle. For ten points, name this 1645 victory for the New Model Army during the English Civil War, a year after the Royalists lost at Marston Moor?

Battle of Naseby BONUS: The Royalists were led at Naseby by this General of the Army and military adviser to Charles, who commanded most of the Royalist army at Marston Moor the year prior. This cavalryman did enjoy success with a charge at Edgehill in 1642. ANSWER: Prince Rupert of the Rhine (or Rupert, Count Palatine of the Rhine)

(2) Walter Brown banned Koreans from entering this sporting competition during the Korean War. Father-son team Dick and Rick Hoyt have participated in this event every year since 1982. On an incline in this competition, John Kelley gave Ellison Brown a pat on his shoulder, leading to Brown to come back and win it in 1936. Rosie Ruiz attempted to cheat in this competition by bursting out of a crowd. For ten points, name this oldest annual marathon in the U.S., whose finish line on Boylston Street was attacked by the Tsarnaev brothers' bombings in 2013.

Boston Marathon BONUS: Near the halfway point on the Boston Marathon, students from what nearby women's college cheer loudly for runners in the "Scream Tunnel?" ANSWER: Wellesley College

(34) A school of sociology that studied this city pioneered social disorganization theory. Ernest Burgess developed his concentric circle model for city development here.The "freshwater" school of economics during the 20th century was based in this American city, as opposed to the "saltwater" schools based at Harvard and Berkeley. Milton Friedman was part of a group of monetarist economists based in this city's namesake university, located in Hyde Park. For the point, name this largest Midwestern city.

Chicago (accept University of Chicago Page 7 NHBB Nationals Bee 2016-2017 Bee Round 3

(57) In one of this author's books, Lianne runs a support group for Alzheimer's patients and her husband Keith Neudecker abandons her for poker tournaments in the aftermath of 9/11. This author of (+) Falling Man denied that he was trying to "furnish factual answers" to a presidential assassination in his fictionalized biography of Lee Harvey Oswald. He described the fictional drug Dylar and an (*) "airborne toxic event" in a book about Professor of Hitler Studies Jack Gladney. For the point, name this American author of Libra and White Noise.

Don DeLillo

(14) This justice often assigned the task of opinion writing to his close friend and colleague, William Brennan. This successor of Fred Vinson presided over a case involving the right to a public defender for a suspect in a burglary at a Florida pool room, as well as a case that resulted in a set of rights, including right to silence, that are read to suspects in custody. For the point, name this predecessor of Warren Burger as Supreme Court Chief Justice whose decisions included Gideon v. Wainwright, Miranda v. Arizona, and Brown v. Board.

Earl Warren

(9) This leader was able to outmaneuver a group of eight regents led by Sushun to seize power and empowered the Grand Council to make most decisions. In 1898, this leader carried out a coup that ended the Hundred Days' Reform. This leader agreed to the Self-Strengthening Movement proposed by Prince Gong, but later caused an invasion by an alliance of Western powers due to her support for the Boxer Rebellion. For ten points, name this anti-Westernizing Empress Dowager during the late Qing Dynasty.

Empress Dowager Cixi [see shee] (or Cixi Taihou)

(17) The failure of one man to defeat this politician was mocked by the phrase "As Maine goes, so goes Vermont;" that opponent of this man lost the governorship of Kansas in the same election cycle. Another defeated opponent became this man's personal representative to Great Britain, in which position he became a rare Republican supporter for this man's Lend-Lease Act. For the point, name this politician who defeated Wendell Willkie, Alf Landon, Thomas Dewey, and Herbert Hoover in his four presidential bids.

Franklin Delano Roosevelt (or FDR)

(6) This man suggested that domestic critics of men like Littleton Waller and Jacob Smith should be "dragged out of their homes and lynched." While trying to stop fires that destroyed the Palace Hotel, this man foolishly ordered the use of (+) dynamite to blow up buildings. Earlier, this man disguised himself as a prisoner alongside Tagalog speaking scouts to capture a (*) rebel leader. For the point, name this American general who declared martial law after the 1906 San Francisco Earthquake but may be best known for capturing Emilio Aguinaldo during the Philippine-American War.

Frederick Funston

(56) This organization's Circular Number Thirteen directly competed with a land ownership policy outlined by the sitting president. Supporters of this organization pointed to the success of a colony that it managed on Port Royal in the Sea Islands. This organization dispatched teachers like George Ruby to southern states, and, under the leadership of O.O. Howard, it provided people with access to forty acres and a mule. For the point, name this organization that provided services to former slaves after the Civil War.

Freedmen's Bureau (or the Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands)

(8) The inventor of this weapon earlier designed the first double action hemp break. John Henry Parker got a nickname inspired by these weapons, which he used to defend San Juan Hill during the Spanish-American War. Twelve of these weapons were deployed at the Siege of Petersburg. The ten caliber type of this hand-cranked weapon can fire up to 400 rounds a minute. For ten points, name these rapidly firing proto-machine guns that were prominently used in the Civil War and named for their American inventor.

Gatling guns (prompt on machine gun before mentioned; do not accept or prompt on semior fully-automatic guns)

(23) This man claimed that a Cincinnati man named Adam Thompson built America's first bathtub in 1842 in a famous hoax published in the New York Evening Mail. With George Jean Nathan, this man founded The American Mercury, a magazine that later was attacked for its (+) anti-Semitism. This man, who called Puritanism "the haunting fear that someone, somewhere, may be happy," gained fame as an editor of the (*) Baltimore Sun. For the point, name this "Sage of Baltimore" who coined the phrase "Scopes Monkey Trial."

H(enry) L(ouis) Mencken

(3) This leader's Chancellor Nehsi led a five-ship expedition to Punt that was chronicled on the walls of this figure's Mortuary Temple at Deir el-Bahri. Though it was originally intended for this ruler's father, KV20, the first tomb of the Valley of the Kings, became this ruler's resting place. This figure restored trade networks disrupted in the Second Intermediate Period by the Hyksos. This ruler's image was removed from monuments by Thutmose III, for whom this pharaoh reigned as regent. For ten points, name this longest reigning female Egyptian pharaoh.

Hatshepsut BONUS: This phrase describes the process of removing evidence of a ruler from public memory, as was often ordered by the Roman Senate. ANSWER: damnatio memoriae (prompt on damnatio)

(32) This man established a torture center at the Nile Mansions and created paramilitary police forces called the Public Safety Unit and State Research Bureau. This man, who was overthrown after a failed attempt to annex Kagera from Tanzania, came to power after leading an attack on King Mutesa II's palace and, five years later, seizing total power while Milton Obote [oh-boh-tay] was abroad. For the point, name this self-proclaimed "Lord of All the Beasts of the Earth" who expelled all Asians from Uganda.

Idi Amin Dada

(12) This man received an extra year in prison for his June 1977 escape from Brushy Mountain State Penitentiary in eastern Tennessee, bringing his total sentence to 100 years. Loyd Jowers, who was fined $100 for wrongful death, claimed that this man was innocent. This man was arrested in Heathrow Airport using a fake Canadian passport with the alias Ramon George Sneyd. He had initially traveled to Canada after he was seen fleeing a rooming house, where he left his rifle, across the street from the Lorraine Motel. For the point, name this man who was convicted of the April 4, 1968 assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr.

James Earl Ray

(7) Charles Rose and John Bly were the only people executed for their roles in this event. James Bowdoin, who took over as Governor for the ill John Hancock, responded brutally to this event and promptly lost the next gubernatorial election to Hancock. (+) Samuel Adams briefly considered suspending habeas corpus during this event, in which the "Regulators" formed an (*) anti-tax militia that shut down courts and tried to take the Springfield Armory. For ten points, name this 1786 rebellion of Massachusetts farmers that illustrated the weakness of the Articles of Confederation.

Shays' Rebellion

(1) The British sponsored a failed scheme to plant vast amounts of peanuts in this modernday country to provide much-needed oil. A rebellion in this modern-day country that was crushed by Gustav Adolf von Gotzen was led by Kinjikitile (+) Ngwale, who spread the belief that bullets would turn into water if warriors consumed a "war medicine" called maji. A colony encompassing the territory of this modern-day country was the target of the Allies in the (*) East Africa Campaign, which managed to wrest it from German colonial control. For ten points, name this modern-day country whose territory was mostly comprised of the colony of Tanganyika.

Tanzania

(7) Robert LaFollete's suspicions regarding this event intensified after his Senate office room was raided. Following this event, Congress was granted the power to compel testimony by the Supreme Court's ruling in McGrain v. Daughterty. The perpetrators of this event took advantage of the Mineral Leasing Act. Edward Doheny acquired Elk Hills in this event, which led to the downfalls of Henry Sinclair and Albert Fall. Bribes for favorable leases of federal land were given out in, for ten points, what scandal that rocked the administration of Warren G. Harding?

Teapot Dome Scandal

(2) One painting of horses during this war is Alfred Munnings's Charge of Flowerdew's Squadron. Will Longstaff painted ghosts of this war in works such as Menin Gate at Midnight and Ghosts of (+) Vimy Ridge. Sir Edward Lutyens designed the three-stepped Stone of Remembrance for the Commonwealth War Graves Commission formed after this war. A line of soldiers with (*) bandages around their eyes are led off a battlefield of this war in John Singer Sargent's Gassed. For ten points, name this war, in which paintings of the Western Front often feature trenches.

World War I (or the Great War)

(4) This discipline was criticized by George Berkeley for invoking "ghosts of departed quantities." This discipline initially made use of a quantity denoted by a dot written over a letter called a (+) fluxion, but that quantity was replaced with a reformulation by Augustin-Louis Cauchy [KO-shee]. One important discovery in this discipline was developed by Johann Bernoulli, but first published by the Marquis de (*) l'Hˆopital [LO-pee-TAL]. Ideas in this field were presented in Principia Mathematica. For ten points, name this branch of mathematics controversially credited to both Gottfried Leibniz and Isaac Newton.

calculus (prompt on "mathematics" before mention, prompt on "analysis") Page 9 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2015-2016 Bowl Round 5

(9) An 1890 law review article co written by Samuel Warren and Louis Brandeis about this right examined the case of Prince Albert v. Strange to argue for its existence in America. Tort law commonly gives four sep rate causes of action for vi lations of this right, which include (+) "false light" and appropriation. The "penumbras" of various amendments provided this right according to Douglas's majority opinion in (*) Griswold v. Connecticut which first recognized this right in the Constitution. For ten points, name this concept that was used by the Court to defend a woman's right to an abortion in Roe v. Wade

right to privacy

(35) In a play in which this disease is used by God to punish mankind, Oskar Panizza is given a one-year prison sentence for blasphemy. According to a book by John Ross, this disease was contracted by Shakespeare and was responsible for his notoriously illegible signature. A character who contracts this disease from a maid in Venice says that, despite being disfigured by it, this is still the best of all possible worlds. Candide's Pangloss contracts, for the point, which venereal disease?

syphilis Page 7 NHBB Nationals Bee 2016-2017 Bee Round 5 Extra Question Only read if moderator botches a question.

(1) One rearguard action after this battle was defeated at the Battle of Kip's Landing, though John Glover's Marblehead fishermen provided a more successful rearguard at Pell's Point. General Alexander Stirling was captured at this battle, where the Gowanus Heights were fortified by (+) Israel Putnam but the Jamaica Road was left unguarded. That road was used by Henry Clinton to outflank the American defenders, although he let them escape after declining to attack (*) Brooklyn Heights. For the point, name this August 1776 Revolutionary War battle, after which George Washington lost control of New York.

Battle of Long Island (accept Battle of Brooklyn Heights before "Brooklyn Heights" is read)

(25) Philip Sheridan once said "I will not divide my forces to protect" this entity. Ephraim Francis Baldwin constructed various locales along this entity's Metropolitan Branch. Rifle barrels were converted into boiler tubes by Peter Cooper when designing the (+) Tom Thumb, which was tested on this railroad. Construction of this railroad began with the intent of creating a competitor to the (*) Erie Canal, and it later became absorbed by the nearby Pennsylvania Railroad. For the points, name this early railroad that originated in Maryland but, unlike other railroads featured in Monopoly, did not serve Atlantic City.

Baltimore and Ohio Railroad (or B and O Railroad) Page 6 NHBB Nationals Bee 2016-2017 Bee Playoff Round 2

(9) The victor of this battle founded the city of Nicopolis in celebration. During this battle, Quintus Dellius betrayed the plans of the losing side, whose quinqueremes proved too unwieldy to deal with Liburnians. Titus Taurus' ground troops were not utilized in this battle, as much of it took place in the Ambracian Gulf. Marcus Agrippa led the fleet of one side in this battle, where defeat prompted Cleopatra and Marc Antony to commit suicide. For the point, name this 31 BC naval victory for Octavian.

Battle of Actium

(1) One of this man's students, Mabel Hubbard, was the daughter of the first head of the National Ge graphic Society. Old Order Mennonites orig nally outlawed the most famous innovation by this man, who once worked in the (+) Volta Labaratory. After Charles Guiteau shot President Garfield, this man was tasked with creating a (*) metal detector to find the bullet. He is most famous for developing an object that some historians allege was actually invented by Elisha Gray. That technology was first used when this man told his assistant, Thomas Watson, "Come here-I want to see you." For ten points, name this inventor of the telephone.

Alexander Graham Bell BONUS: What Secretary-General of the United Nations was killed when his plane crashed in Northern Rhodesia? ANSWER: Dag Hammarskj¨old

(8) Paul Painlev´e [pahn lev ay] supposedly compared Jean Racine to this man because both men's works "do not show the most prob ble distribution." Henri Poincare showed that Alphonse Bertillon's statements about this man were based on (+) misunderstandings of probability. Georges Picquart showed that this man could not have written the "bordereau" discovered in Maximilian von (*) Schwartzkoppen's wastebasket. A court-martial at Rennes finally exonerated, for ten points, what French officer who spent four years in prison for supposedly passing military secrets to Germany?

Alfred Dreyfus Page 11 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2016-2017 Bowl Playoff Packet 1

(22) This author appeared before HUAC in 1947 to describe the differences between the Soviet Union and its portrayal in the 1944 film Song of Russia. Robert Nozick argued that this thinker failed to address the is-ought problem in an essay published in "The Personalist." This philosopher's support for capitalism, rational egoism, and reason is outlined in her system of Objectivism, as described by John Galt. For the point, name this philosopher and author of Atlas Shrugged and The Fountainhead.

Ayn Rand Page 4 NHBB A-Set Bee 2016-2017 Bee Round 2

(5) Richard Rowland Kirkland saved numerous enemy soldiers in this battle. A sudden appearance of the aurora borealis occurred near the end of this battle. An offensive attempt after this battle turned into a disaster when heavy rains caused equipment to be stuck, earning it the nickname "Mud March." Thousands of Union soldiers failed to capture positions on Marye's Heights during this battle. Due to his failure in this battle, Ambrose Burnside was relieved of his command. For ten points, name this crushing defeat for the Union in December 1862 in Northern Virginia.

Battle of Fredericksburg BONUS: This Confederate general commanded the successful defense at Marye's Heights. At Gettysburg, he ordered the failed Pickett's Charge, during which Union soldiers shouted "Give them Fredericksburg!" ANSWER: James Longstreet

(30) This party requires its candidates to not have any criminal records; its founder was found guilty of manslaughter in 1980, so he cannot run for office. To encourage direct democracy, this party launched the "Rousseau" (+) web app for discussion and votes on policy. This party led the "No" movement against a 2016 constitutional referendum that would have reformed the Senate and Chamber of Deputies, leading to (*) Matteo Renzi's resignation. Virginia Raggi, the mayor of Rome, is a member of, for the points, what Italian populist party that was founded by former comedian Beppe Grillo?

Five Star Movement (or Movimento 5 Stelle or M5S) Page 7 NHBB Nationals Bee 2016-2017 Bee Final Round - JV

(19) These people were crushed at the Battle of Mount Olympus by Gnaeus Manlius Vulso, who allied with Pergamum to subdue them for aiding Antiochus III of the Seleucids. The Via (+) Domitia was built after these people were pushed from the area surrounding Masilla, which was renamed Narbonensis. A leader of these people won at Gergovia before being defeated at (*) Alesia; that man, Vercingetorix, was described in a set of Commentaries by a man who would later cross the Rubicon. For the point, name these barbarians who fought Julius Caesar in what is modern France.

Gauls (or Gallic people; accept Galatians; prompt on Celts)

(27) The Roanoke Times claimed that Benjamin Bolling killed this man to prevent him from indiscriminately using colonial troops. John Forbes led an operation that attempted the (+) same goal as an earlier venture led by this man; that campaign was finally defeated by Daniel Li´enard de Beaujeau [boh-zhoh] at the Battle of (*) Monongahela and was thus unable to capture Fort Duquesne [do-cane]. For the points, name this French and Indian War general who died during his failed 1755 expedition, despite the assistance of a young George Washington.

General Edward Braddock (accept the Braddock Expedition, Campaign, etc.)

(18) During this event, "John Johnson" aroused suspicions when he claimed that the firewood he owned belonged to Thomas Percy. During the siege of Holbeche House at this event's conclusion, the perpetrator Thomas Wintour was captured. A letter of warning sent to Lord Monteagle thwarted this event, which was planned by Roger Catesby. For the point, name this event, annually commemorated on November 5, in which a group of conspirators including Guy Fawkes attempted to blow up James I's parliament.

Gunpowder Plot

(21) The founder of this dynasty converted to Catholicism after signing the Union of Krewo and entered a personal union with his southern neighbour after he married Queen Jadwiga. When this dynasty's last ruler (+) Sigismund II, died childless, an elected monarchy was created through the Union of Lublin. Vytautas the Great's forces assisted this dynasty's founder in beating the (*) Teutonic Knights at the Battle of Grunwald. For the point, name this dynasty that united Poland and Lithuania in the 14th through 16th centuries.

Jagiellonian Dynasty Page 5 NHBB Nationals Bee 2015-2016 Bee Playoff Round 2

(27) The necessity of these institutions was questioned by the Ringle Report. Victims of these locations were compensated $20,000 when Ronald Reagan signed the Civil Liberties Act into law. These locations were judged to be constitutional in Korematsu v United States, which ruled that the security interests of the United States outweighed the individual rights of the plaintiff. Manzanar was an example of, for the point, what World War II-era locations in which members of a certain Asian ethnicity were forced to live?

Japanese(-American) internment camps (accept Japanese-American concentration camps; prompt on concentration camps; prompt on partial answers, like "camps for Japanese(- Americans)")

(10) This man wrote a "Mormon Prophet's Tragedy" based on his eyewitness account of the mob that killed Joseph Smith. This politician was, with Henry Adams, one of the "Five of Hearts." Along with John Nicolay, he wrote a ten-volume biography of Abraham Lincoln. After a failed treaty negotiation with Tom´as Herr´an, this man signed treaties with Julian (+) Pauncefort and Philippe-Jean Bunau-Varilla. This man sent a note to various European powers after the First Sino-Japanese War which formulated the (*) Open Door Policy. For ten points, name this Secretary of State under William McKinley and Theodore Roosevelt who names the treaty that allowed the building of the Panama Canal.

John Hay Extra Question Only read if you need a backup or tiebreaker!

(12) This man's later work for advertising agencies was credited with introducing the idea of a "coffee break" in a commercial for Maxwell House. This scientist was kicked out of Johns Hopkins University for having an affair with his lab assistant, who helped him design his most famous experiment. In that experiment, this creator of the "Kerplunk!" experiment used loud noises to condition a baby boy to be afraid of a white rat. For the point, name this American behavioral psychologist who designed the "Little Albert" experiment.

John Watson

(6) This commander argued for the release of German soldiers in World War II, noting that he had given orders similar to the ones the Germans were in prison for. This victor at the battle of Wonju was noted for his defensive use of artillery against human wave attacks, granting his strategy the nickname of "meatgrinder." This commander of the Eighth Army assumed his highest post at the Wake Island Conference after Harry Truman had removed his predecessor. For ten points, name this successor of Douglas MacArthur in the Korean War.

Matthew Ridgway

(28) This man was the target of an attempted coup by the H´ebertists. With his ally, Georges Danton, this man led the Montagnards. This man established the Cult of the Supreme Being to oppose the Cult of Reason and reverse the process of de-Christianization. This member of the Committee of Public Safety was executed after the Thermidorian Reaction. For the point, name this Jacobin that masterminded the Reign of Terror during the French Revolution and got rid of numerous opponents with his guillotine.

Maximilien Robespierre

(10) This country was targeted by Operation Combat Fox after it captured commander Lloyd Bucher, who claimed that his lewd gestures were "Hawaiian good luck signs" while he was photographed for propaganda. During the (+) 21 January Incident, this country deployed Unit 124 in an attempt to attack a presidential Blue (*) House; three days later, this country's forces seized the Pueblo off the coast of Ryo Island. For the points, name this Asian nation that, in the aforementioned Blue House Raid, crossed the DMZ into its southern neighbor's territory.

North Korea (or the Democratic People's Republic of Korea or DPRK; prompt on Korea; do not accept or prompt on Republic of Korea)

(10) After a victory, this commander called his enemy "an obstinate old ass bent upon her ruin." Late in life, this man emancipated the slaves that he had kept at his family home of Traveller's Rest. An aide to this commander, John Armstrong, authored a letter that was circulated in the Newburgh Conspiracy, and his appointment as President of the Board of War touched off the Conway Cabal. For ten points, name this Revolutionary War general who lost the Battle of Camden but earlier won the Battle of Saratoga.

Horatio Gates Page 2 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2016-2017 Bowl Playoff Packet 3 Second Quarter

(4) This event was called "a curtain raiser to the sordid drama of Global sation" by Satinath Sarangi, an activist for its victims. A film subtitled "A Prayer in the Rain" chron cles this event through the lens of everyday people, including rickshaw driver. A photograph of this event's aftermath shows hand above the face of (+) glassy-eyed girl buried in debris. CEO Warren Anderson was charged for his role in this event, which took place in (*) Madhya Pradesh. Pulmonary edema was a major cause of death in this event, which occurred at a Union Carbide facility. Thousands of people died in, for ten points, what 1984 gas leak in India?

Bhopal disaster (accept descriptions of the Bhopal gas tragedy; prompt on descriptive answers that don't say Bhopal) Page 10 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2016-2017 Bowl Playoff Packet 2

(24) In one work, crowds shout "Glory!" as this man passes by after taking power. Later in that work, this man is compared to Herod by a holy fool who sings "Flow, flow, bitter tears!" at the end of the opera. This man is warned by Prince Shuysky that a pretender by the name of Dmitri has risen in Lithuania. For the point, name this boyar, the subject of a Pushkin play and Mussorgsky opera that are both set during Russia's Time of Troubles.

Boris (Fyodorovich) Godunov

(14) In this country, former French General Paul Aussaresses advised a government on the use of torture against opponents. Ernesto Geisel repealed this country's implementation of AI-5, which had granted virtually unlimited power. In this country, a dictatorship came into power when (+) Olimpio Mourao Filho and Artur da Costa e Silva led a coup against President Jo˜ao Goulart. That dictatorship ruled from 1964 to 1985, during which time this country's former President, (*) Juscelino Kubitschek, went into exile. Trancredo Neves and Jos´e Sarney returned power to civilians in, for the points, what South American country that had previously been dictatorial in the Estado Novo regime of Getulio Vargas?

Brazil

(1) In this region, Vespasian served with the Legio II Augusta and participated in the Battle of the Medway. This province's northernmost reach came with Agricola's victory at Mons Graupius over the Caledonians. The Legio IX Hispania supposedly disappeared in this province, where Gaius Suetonius Paulus suppressed an uprising of the Iceni tribe after his victory in the Battle of Watling Street. Hadrian's Wall lies in, for ten points, what Roman province where Boudica sacked Londonimium?

Britannia (accept descriptions of the island of Great Britain; do not accept England or other names)

(6) This author attacked "vain gospellers" and "papal riffraff" in her book The Lamentations of Sinner whose release made her the first English woman to publish under her own name. This woman's first marriage was to trustee of Thomas Kiddell named (+) Edward Burgh. In her most famous role, she reconciled with a king by claiming that she argued with him only to help take his mind off his sore leg. This woman was allowed to keep the (*) title of "queen dowager" until her death, unlike earlier figures like Catherine of Aragon. For ten points, name this sixth and final wife of Henry VIII.

Catherine Parr

(2) In the 1960's, math matician from this country proved the rem stating that sufficiently large even numbers can either be written as the sum of two primes or prime and semiprime. In 2014, math matician born in this country won the MacArthur Award for establishing the first bound on (+) prime gaps. A theorem guaranteeing that a pair of modular congruence relations with coprime moduli will have solutions was discovered in this country in the third century. (*) Pascal's triangle was discovered by mathematicians in this country centuries before Pascal's work. For ten points, name this country whose namesake "remainder theorem" was discovered by Sunzi.

China

(35) Early documents on this art form include the Laon and Gallen Codices. The Cecilian Movement reformed this genre, which in its early history featured scandicus, praepunctis, and quilisma neumes [nooms]. One work in this genre portrays a "bulwark never failing." Early development of the Phrygian and Dorian modes occurred in this genre, including in a monophonic subgenre of chant named after Gregory the Great. For the point, name this art form performed in cathedrals.

Christian (or any Christian denomination) church music (accept specific examples, like hymns or Gregorian chant; prompt on (Medieval and/or Renaissance) music, but no other specific types, like classical) Page 7 NHBB Nationals Bee 2015-2016 Bee Round 5 Extra Question Only read if moderator botches a question.

(5) This religion's main festival once featured its founder ascending a massive artificial mountain topped by a column with a statue of Hercules on it. This religion decreed celebrations called decadi at the end of every (+) ten-day week. After this religion's main proponent insisted that there existed some sort of divinity, the National Convention passed a decree replacing the (*) Cult of Reason with this religion. For ten points, name this cult that Maximilian Robespierre tried to make the official state religion of Revolutionary France.

Cult of the Supreme Being (or Culte de l'Etre Supreme)

(24) During the War of 1812, this man called a proposed conscription law "despotism embraced in its worst form." In 1836, he won 14 electoral votes as one of four Whig Party presidential candidates. Ralph Waldo Emerson criticized this man's "profound selfishness" after he voted for the Compromise of 1850. This man, who proclaimed "Liberty and Union, now and forever, one and inseparable!", signed a treaty with British diplomat Lord Ashburton. For the point, name this Massachusetts Whig senator who, with Clay and Calhoun, dominated the Senate in the 19th century.

Daniel Webster

(10) This goddess was the older figure honored in a festival in which married Athenian women traveled out of town for three days and worshipped Kalligeneia. Pigs were sacrificed at that summer festival, which honored this goddess and her child. This goddess's "descent," "search," and "ascent" were the subject of the Eleusinian Mysteries, a ritual focused on this goddess's search for her daughter, who had been kidnapped by Hades. For ten points, name this mother of Persephone, the Greek goddess of the harvest.

Demeter BONUS: This is the aforementioned summer festival honoring Demeter and Persephone. An extant Aristophanes play parodies, but does not really tell us anything about, this festival - after all, men weren't allowed in. ANSWER: Thesmophoria (accept Thesmophoriazusae)

(1) This kingdom fought a war with its northern neighbor after the murder of its princess Berenice. The founder of this kingdom lost control of Cyprus after a defeat to Antigonid Macedonia. It defeated its rival, the Seleucid Empire, at the Battle of Raphia for control of Syria. Its last ruler went on a luxury cruise with Julius Caesar and committed suicide after the death of her lover, Mark Antony. For the point, name this Diadochi kingdom ruled by the Ptolemaic dynasty, which ended with the death of Cleopatra.

Egypt (accept the Ptolemaic Kingdom until mentioned)

(10) One end of Liverpool's Anfield Stadium was named for its similarity to a battleground in this war. Dead bodies were removed from the battlefield of Spion Kop by stretcher-bearers led by Mohandas Gandhi in this war. Redvers Bullers was disgraced during the Black Week in this war, in which his three attempts to relieve Colenso, Kimberley, and Mafeking all failed. The Treaty of Vereeniging ended this war, which was partially caused by the Jameson raid. For the point, name this war between the British and Dutch settlers in South Africa.

Second Anglo-Boer War Page 2 NHBB Nationals Bee 2015-2016 Bee Round 3

(9) This figure joined the Millerite movement after saying "The Spirit calls me, and I must go;" but departed after Jesus failed to return as predicted. One work associated with this figure was later adapted by Frances Gage, who changed the (+) dialect even though the first language of the work's creator was Dutch. This figure noted that "man is...surely between a hawk and a buzzard" because "the poor slave is on him, (*) woman is coming on him;" that speech by this figure noted that the speaker had "as much muscle as any man." For ten points, name this abolitionist and women's rights activist who gave the "Ain't I a Woman" speech.

Sojourner Truth (or Isabell Baumfree)

(3) Historians debate whether or not Mary Lockhart had a broken nose prior to one event conducted by men from this country. A conflict in this country began after Joseph Goodbread was shot by Charles Jackson. The Council House Fight occurred in this nation, which was also the site of the (+) Regulator-Moderator War. The Burnet Flag was used by this country, which was once led by Mirabeau Lamar. It was formed in the aftermath of a 1830s conflict that included the (*) Goliad Campaign; that conflict was a loss for Santa Anna. For ten points, name this country that adopted the Lone Star Flag.

Republic of Texas

(2) This organization was weakened after it supported the failed rebellion of Inarus in Egypt. Deserters from this organization went unpunished after it lost the Battle of Coronea, and the city of Thasos had its (+) walls torn down as punishment for rebelling against this organization. Though this organization's nominal purpose was to oppose (*) Persian aggression, its power was centralized after its treasury was moved from its namesake island to the mainland - specifically, into the Parthenon. For the points, name this alliance of ancient Greek city-states led by Athens.

Delian League

(2) This man's A Vindication of Natural Society was such a good parody of Lord Bolingbroke that critics confused the work for an original piece. Immanuel Kant's Critique of Judgment criticized this man's youthful delineation of the (+) sublime and the beautiful. This philosopher opposed dedication to abstract principles, and was attacked for this belief by Thomas (*) Paine in The Rights of Man. Advocacy of gradual change is among the principles elucidated by this author in his Reflections on the Revolution in France. For the points, name this Irish-born philosopher who is often considered the father of conservatism.

Edmund Burke

(50) This man quipped "Fate doesn't want me to be famous too young" when the Pulitzer committee did not award anyone in 1965. He included the spiritual "Come Sunday" in a three-part composition about the history of the Negro in America, Black, Brown, and Beige. This bandleader's signature song, written by his frequent collaborator Billy Strayhorn, was named for the subway train that went to Harlem. The house band at the Cotton Club was, for the point, what jazz pianist who wrote "Mood Indigo" and performed "Take the A Train"?

Edward Kennedy "Duke" Ellington Page 10 NHBB A-Set Bee 2016-2017 Bee Final Round

(35) This man argued that "there is a great [...] battle to be fought against ignorance," but if people aren't "determined" to use television to teach or inspire, it's "nothing but wires and lights in a box." When speaking with Joseph (+) McCarthy, this man declared "we must not confuse dissent with disloyalty;" that came during a 1954 report on a program this man co-created with (*) Fred Friendly. During the Blitz, he opened broadcasts with the phrase "This is London." For the points, name this radio and television personality, the host of See it Now, who ended wartime reports with the phrase "Good night, and good luck."

Edward R. Murrow (or Egbert R. "Ed" Murrow)

(1) This man co-sponsored a bill with Emanuel Celler that closed loopholes in the Clayton Antitrust Act. With Oren Harris, he helped reform the FDA after the thalidomide controversy. Lyndon Johnson, Al (+) Gore Sr., and this man were the three Southern senators who refused to sign the Southern Manifesto; Gore joined this man in his state's delegation to Congress. This enemy of (*) pornography and comic books also headed a committee to investigate Mafia members Joe Adonis and Frank Costello. For ten points, name this man, a 1956 Vice Presidential candidate with Adlai Stevenson, who served two and a half terms as a senator from Tennessee.

Estes Kefauver

(8) It is not related to Scottish independence, but one member of this organization joined only after negotiating the Edinburgh Agreement. At least eight members of this organization can engage in "enhanced cooperation" thanks to its Treaty of (+) Nice. It created a set of "convergence criteria," which included the absence of "excessive deficit," to determine whether its members could use its (*) common currency. This organization was created by the 1993 Treaty of Maastricht. For ten points, name this international organization that has not yet admitted Turkey as a member.

European Union (or EU) Page 11 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2015-2016 Bowl Backup Round 1

(1) An attempt to cut this country in half was stopped at the Battle of Raate Road. A neighboring country created the puppet Terijoki ["terry" yoh kee] Government for this nation. Enemy units encircled by this country's military were known as motti. This nation's ski troops helped to hold a defensive line named for Field Marshal Mannerheim. An anti-tank weapon called the Molotov cocktail originated in, for ten points, what Scandinavian country that lost the Winter War to its neighbor, the Soviet Union?

Finland BONUS: During the Continuation War, Finland launched an offensive to take this Soviet port on the Kola Peninsula. Its lack of ice made it better than Arkhangelsk. ANSWER: Murmansk

(6) During this battle, the elderly civilian Judith Henry was targeted by artillery, and Edward Porter Alexander utilized "wig-wag signalling" to tell Nathaniel "Shanks" Evans of an impending flank. This battle began after westward movement from Centreville resulted in skirmishing at Matthews Hill, and was decided when Joseph Johnston's reinforcements arrived via railcars. Picnickers were horrified by Irwin McDowell's defeat at, for ten points, what early victory for P.G.T. Beauregard, the first major battle of the Civil War?

First Battle of Bull Run (or First Manassas)

(1) One general in this war was so successful at Civetot and Xerigordon that he ignored it to fight the Danishmends. While ostensibly fighting in this war, Emicho of Flonheim massacred Jews. Kilij Arslan lost the Battle of Dorylaeum during this war, and the counties of Tripoli and Edessa were founded in its wake. This conflict was originally intended to aid Alexius Comnenus, and it began after cries of "Deus Vult!" at the Council of Clermont. For ten points, name this crusade which resulted in the 1099 capture of Jerusalem.

First Crusade (or Prince's Crusade; accept People's Crusade until "Emicho" is read; prompt on Crusades)

(17) During this war, the 18th Mechanized Brigade was wiped out in minutes because of a decisive assault and poor visibility conditions in the Battle of 73 Easting. An important action early in this war was the use of air strikes to drive back an attack on the city of Khafji. Northern and southern no-fly zones were established at the 32nd and 36th parallels after this war, in which the losing side's retreating columns were decimated in the Highway of Death. For the point, name this 1991 war in which coalition forces liberated Kuwait from Iraqi control.

First Gulf War (accept Kuwait War; accept First Iraq War; do not accept or prompt on "Iraq War" alone; prompt on Operation Desert Storm and/or Operation Desert Shield)

(35) This ruler commissioned a cathedral dedicated to Saint Hedwig, the patron of his realm. This man hired Samuel von Cocceji to reform the laws of his kingdom, and he tried to expand his influence by creating the F¨urstenbund to prevent the annexation of Bavaria. This patron of Voltaire cultivated the arts from his palace of Sanssouci. The death of Empress Elizabeth of Russia, known as the Miracle of the House of Brandenburg, saved this ruler from near-defeat during the Seven Years War. For the point, name this enlightened despot of 18th century Prussia.

Frederick the Great (or Frederick II of Prussia) Extra Question Only read if moderator botches a question.

(20) One person with this surname left Antigua as a teenager to inherit lands on the Waccamaw River and the Wappoo Creek. Another person with this surname got Andrew Ellicott to survey a border to the east of the (+) Chattahoochee as part of an agreement with Manuel Godoy. This is the married name of Eliza Lucas, who introduced indigo to America. John Marshall and (*) Elbridge Gerry supported an ambassador with this name in the XYZ Affair. For the point, give this surname of the negotiator of the Treaty of San Lorenzo and the losing Federalist of the 1804 and 1808 elections, two South Carolinian diplomats.

Pinckney

(18) This man was removed from a post after testifying against Orvil Grant in the Trader Post scandal. In his early career, this man served as the aide for Alfred Pleasonton, who gave this man command of the Wolverine cavalry brigade during the Civil War. The Battle of the Rosebud prevented George Crook from joining up with this man, who was killed by the forces of Sitting Bull. For the point, name this American army officer who died in a namesake "Last Stand" at Little Bighorn.

George Armstrong Custer

(26) This man allegedly shook hands with a tree, thinking it was the king of Prussia. Though Charles James Fox had earlier opposed this man's appointment of Lord Shelburne, he included Fox in his "ministry of all the talents." The Act of Union with Ireland was passed under this king's tenure due to the efforts of William Pitt, though this king later had to give up power with the 1811 Regency Act due to his porphyria. For the point, name this English king who lost the Thirteen Colonies in the American Revolution.

George III

(6) This man served as the only chair of the short-lived Senate Committee on Nutrition and Human Needs. He noted "This chamber reeks of blood" before opening the voting on his amendment, co-sponsored by Mark Hatfield, that would have put a deadline on military operations in Vietnam. This man's initial Vice Presidential running mate, Thomas Eagleton, was controversially dropped and replaced with Sargent Shriver; that gaffe cost this Democrat every state but Massachusetts. For the point, name this South Dakota senator who lost the 1972 Presidential election to Richard Nixon.

George McGovern

(4) The term "cold war" was coined by this man in his work "You and the Atomic Bomb." He described working class attitudes towards socialism in The Road to Wigan Pier and documented the Spanish Civil War in another work. In Burmese Days, this man recounted the necessity of upholding his reputation by shooting an elephant. A pig named Napoleon features in an allegorical work by this man, who also wrote Winston Smith's life under Big Brother. For ten points, name this dystopian author of Animal Farm and 1984.

George Orwell BONUS: This aforementioned Orwell story details the Spanish Civil War from Orwell's perspective in Barcelona. ANSWER: Homage to Catalonia Page 3 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2015-2016 Bowl Round 3

(6) This ruler denounced the South African police as "Gestapo" when prime minister Jan Smuts only allowed him to shake hands with whites. This leader's most famous oration denounced the "prim tive doctrine that might is right" on the onset of (+) "grave hour [...] the most fateful in our history." Sovereignty was granted to this king's domains following the passage of the Statute of Westminster. This king, who worked with (*) speech therapist Lionel Logue, took the throne after the abdication of his brother Edward VIII. For ten points, name this British king who led the country through World War II.

George VI

(13) One of this man's operas, originally based on the assassination of Gustav III of Sweden, had its location changed to colonial Boston by the censors. This composer of Un ballo in maschera wrote a grand opera based on the life of Don Carlos. "Va, pensiero" or "Chorus of Hebrew Slaves" from this man's opera Nabucco became a popular anthem for the Risorgimento. For the point, name this Italian opera composer who included the "Anvil Chorus" in his Il Trovatore and composed Aida.

Giuseppe Verdi

(12) A poem by this author ends with the image of "The cataract of Death far thundering from the heights." The main character of a poem by this writer seems to hear the night wind (+) whispering "all is well;" that poem by this man describes the passage of time with the lines "It was twelve (*) by the village clock," "It was one by the village clock," and "It was two by the village clock." For the points, name this author of "Mezzo Cammin" who popularized the line "One if by land, and two if by sea" in his poem "Paul Revere's Ride."

Henry Wadsworth Longfellow

(10) A representative from this state sued John McCormack after he was excluded from taking his seat in the House because of corruption allegations. Adam Clayton Powell and the first black female congresswoman, Shirley Chisholm, both represented this state. When this state's longest serving senator, Daniel Patrick Moynihan, announced his retirement in 1998, his seat was won by a former first lady. Hillary Clinton once represented, for ten points, what state whose current Senators are Kirsten Gillibrand and Chuck Schumer?

New York Page 2 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2016-2017 Bowl Backup Packet 1 Second Quarter

(11) This event was eventually put down by a general who resigned in protest over the signing of the Treaty of New Echota, John Wool. People participating in this event cut down telegraph lines near the post office to prevent troops from being called in to stop it. It began over a dispute regarding $300 dollar commutation fees, and it was stopped by army personnel reinforcements from the battle of Gettysburg. For the point, name this protest in which people burned cards during the Civil War that would have forced them to join the military.

New York City draft riots

(3) Harry Truman once claimed that this man would "give his right eye to take over" the US. After the Apalachin Meeting, this man created the "Top Hoodlum Program" to target members of the Mafia. Fred Hampton of the Black Panther Party was killed by this man's organization as part of the COINTELPRO program. This man's prot´eg´e, Clyde Tolson, succeeded him in 1972 and may have been his lover. For ten points, name this director of the FBI from 1935 to 1972.

J. Edgar Hoover (accept John Edgar Hoover BONUS: This longtime secretary of J. Edgar Hoover destroyed his Personal File after his death. ANSWER: Helen Gandy

(1) Muhammad Hadi continued writing memoir that this author stopped working on at the age 17. This emperor, who became drinking partners with ambassador Thomas Roe, ordered the arrest of Guru (+) Arjan Dev, who was executed when he refused to convert to Islam. This man blinded his son Khusrau after an attempted revolt, and he himself unsuccessfully revolted against his (*) father while the latter was fighting in the Deccan Plateau in 1599. For ten points, name this fourth Mughal emperor, the son of Akbar.

Jahangir (or Mirza Nur-ud-din Beig Mohammad Khan Salim

(20) This man's trek from Indiana to Florida was recounted in his "A Thousand Miles to the Gulf." The Lone Pines earthquake helped lend credibility to this man's theory on the formation of the Owens Valley. He broke with Gifford Pinchot following a disagreement over logging and grazing in forest reserves. This opponent of the damming of the Hetch Hetchy reservoir was notably photographed overlooking Glacier Point alongside Theodore Roosevelt in Yosemite National Park. For the point, name this naturalist and founder of the Sierra Club.

John Muir Page 4 NHBB Nationals Bee 2015-2016 Bee Round 4

(14) James Cloyd Bowman received the 1938 Newbery Medal for a book about this man, who died after he decided to lay down on a sidewalk and laugh himself to death. Dynamite was said to have been this man's favorite food. A hurricane was created after this man wrestled for days with the Bear Lake Monster, which he would throw all the way to Loch Ness. This owner of the horse Widow-Maker first met his wife after watching her riding a giant catfish; that wife was Slue-foot Sue. Edward O'Reilly wrote folklore about, for the point, what legendary cowboy who famously lassoed a tornado?

Pecos Bill

(11) Colonel John Ohmer disguised an entire aircraft factory in this city as a suburban area. The shelling of Ellwood led to widespread paranoia and a "battle" over this city that consisted of anti-aircraft guns shooting at a perceived enemy air raid. A riot in this city began when the "Vengeance Squad" sought out pachucos wearing distinctive broad-shouldered, long-coated clothing. For the point, name this city where American servicemen attacked Mexicans in the Zoot Suit Riots.

Los Angeles

(31) The documentary The Plot Against Harold Wilson alleges an aborted 1970's coup by the military would have replaced Wilson as Prime Minister with this man, who died on the same day of the Warrenpoint ambush. His wife, (+) Edwina, was widely suspected of having an affair with Jawaharlal Nehru, and his most famous position changed to that of governor-general in August (*) 1947, following a successful independence movement. For the point, name this uncle of Prince Philip, the final Viceroy of India, who was killed in 1979 when his fishing boat was blown up by the IRA.

Louis Mountbatten (or Lord Mountbatten; or Earl Mountbatten of Burma; or Prince Louis of Battenberg)

(10) In this state on Easter Sunday in 1873, freedmen defended a courthouse against Christopher Columbus Nash's militia, who killed dozens and dumped many bodies into the Red River near Colfax. In this state, the 1868 Opelousas massacre was carried out by members of the Knights of the White Camelia, a group founded in this state by Alcibiades DeBlanc. John Monroe served as mayor of this state's largest city when it wasn't under Civil War-related martial law; the Emancipation Proclamation specifically exempted that city in this state, along with thirteen other parishes. For ten points, name this Southern state, site of the 1866 New Orleans riot.

Louisiana Second Quarter

(8) During this man's reign, his forces broke a blockade of the Hanko Peninsula in the Battle of Gangut, his country's first naval victory. A major victory during his reign was the capture of Azov. He reorganized his government with the Table of Ranks and defeated a revolt by the streltsy. He studied shipbuilding in the Netherlands as part of his Great Tour to learn more about Western Europe. For ten points, name this "Great" modernizing tsar of Russia.

Peter (or Peter the Great BONUS: As part of his westernization efforts, Peter imposed a tax on these people, empowering his police to shave their beards on the spot if they hadn't paid for the right to wear them. ANSWER: boyars (prompt on men)

(9) The fish oil factories of this country's Lotofen Islands were targeted in Operation Claymore. Under the guidance of Josef Torbeven, the Falstad concentration camp was established in this country. The SF Hydro was sunk in a series of raids shortly after Operations Freshman and Gunnerside targeted this country's (+) heavy water production facility in Vemork to prevent the Nazis from using it. Jonas (*) Lie served in this country's fascist political party, Nasjonal Samling, which collaborated with the Nazis. For ten points, name this Scandinavian country from which King Haakon fled as Vidkun Quisling led a puppet government from Oslo.

Norway

(6) This man was forced to abandon frontier settlements in the Peach Tree War after numerous attacks from disgruntled Susquehannock. The Flushing Remonstrance targeted this man after he ordered the torture of Robert Hodgson for his (+) Quaker faith. In his early career, this man lost a leg to a cannonball at the Battle of Saint Martin. Though this man was able to seize New (*) Sweden, he was in turn defeated by Richard Nicolls, who renamed his territory New York. For ten points, name this last director-general of the colony of New Netherland.

Peter Stuyvesant

(21) This leader strongly supported the release of the documentary They Call Us Misfits. In 1972, this leader controversially compared the Hanoi bombings to the Treblinka extermination camp, one of his numerous attacks on American involvement in Vietnam. This member of the (+) SSDP was the first Western leader to visit Cuba following its revolution. Ingvar Carlsson took over this man's position after his (*) assassination in 1986 while walking home from the cinema, a murder that is still unsolved. For the points, name this former Prime Minister of Sweden.

Olaf Palme Page 5 NHBB Nationals Bee 2016-2017 Bee Playoff Round 1

(31) A tyrant of this city named Aristagoras unsuccessfully tried to capture Naxos for the Persians, after which he led the Ionian revolt, resulting in this city's destruction by the Persians. A woman from this city was said to have convinced (+) Athens to intervene on its behalf against Samos in the Samian War by lobbying Pericles; that hetaera had (*) Pericles' child after his divorce. A 6th century BC philosopher from this city claimed that the nature of all things was water. For the points, name this city, home to Aspasia and Thales [thay-leez], an ancient Greek city in Anatolia.

Miletus

(30) This man sacked Sharawy Gomaa and others linked to his predecessor's regime in the Corrective Revolution. Early victories in one war earned this man the nickname "Hero of the Crossing." Following a 1973 war, this man engaged in an economic policy of "openness" called Infitah. A group named Islamic Jihad assassinated this man in 1981, three years after Jimmy Carter mediated a peace deal with this man and Menachem Begin. The Camp David Accords were signed by, for the point, what successor of Gamal Abdel Nasser as president of Egypt?

Muhammad Anwar el-Sadat (or Muhammad Anwar as-Sadat Page 6 NHBB Nationals Bee 2016-2017 Bee Round 4

(7) The USS Panay sank after evacuating survivors from this city. Prince Asuka was given immunity for events in this city, which was captured by the army of Matsui Iwane. A (+) safe zone in this city was created by John Rabe, a German businessman, saving thousands of lives. This capital of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom and the (*) Republic of China was the site of a contest to kill 100 civilians with a sword and other such war crimes. For ten points, name this Chinese city that, in 1937, was subjected to a "rape" by invading Japanese forces.

Nanking (or Nanjing; accept descriptions of the Rape of Nanking or Nanjing

(32) This man's execution was allegedly handled by Bill Richmond, who became a noted boxer in England. Though he was commissioned a first lieutenant prior to the Siege of Boston, some sources claim this man remained behind because of his career obligations as a teacher. Robert Rogers recognized this man in a tavern, where he was apprehended by the Queen's Rangers and hung shortly afterwards. For the point, name this American spy of the Revolutionary War whose alleged last words were "I only regret that I have but one life to lose for my country."

Nathan Hale

(25) This city faced the revolt of Spendius and Mathos over unpaid soldier salaries in the Mercenary War. A commander from this city had his head thrown into the tent of his brother after the Battle of the Metaurus River. Salt was sown into the ground of this city so that it could never rebuild after its destruction, which was advocated by Cato the Elder. For the point, name this African city, led in the Punic Wars by Hannibal Barca.

Carthage

(61) This man appointed Henry Morgenthau, Sr. as ambassador to the Ottoman Empire as compensation for Morgenthau having managed the finances of his presidential campaign. During a political convention, this man outmaneuvered Champ Clark to earn the presidential nomination. This president signed the Underwood Tariff and established the Federal Reserve and Federal Trade Commission as part of his New Freedom program. For the point, name this president who led the U.S. into World War I in 1917.

Woodrow Wilson

(8) This event included an agreement on the internationalization of the port of Dalian. Southern Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands were promised to one country at this event. This meeting, which convened in the (+) Livadia Palace, established forced labor as a means of reparations and agreed on a desire for the total unconditional (*) surrender of Germany. For ten points, name this 1945 conference, held five months prior to the Potsdam Conference, at which Stalin, Churchill, and Roosevelt discussed post-war Europe.

Yalta Conference (accept Crimean Conference; accept Argonaut Conference) Extra Question Only read if you need a backup or tiebreaker!

(23) A book by Michael Taussig claims that a "space of death" was imposed on workers in this industry living near the Putumayo River. A boom for this resource around the turn of the 20th Century greatly grew the cities of Belem and Manaus. The Casement Report detailed atrocities committed against workers in this industry, including the cutting off of hands of native workers by the Force Publique. The chief commodity produced by the Congo Free State was, for the point, what resource used in tires for automobiles?

rubber

(1) This "uniqueness" of this historical event is discussed in Yehuda Bauer's "Against Mystification." The "intentionalist" versus "functionalist" debate regarding this historical event was first developed by (+) Karl Schleunes [shloy-ness]. Daniel Goldhagen's book about this event's "Willing Executioners" built upon Christopher Browning's suggestion that its (*) perpetrators were "Ordinary Men." During this event, Theodor Eicke ordered the installation of signs reading "Arbeit Macht Frei," or "Work sets you free." For the points, name this genocide committed by Nazi Germany during World War II.

the Holocaust (or Shoah)

(8) Kepler predicted the 1631 occurrence of this event, but it was not visible from Europe. One of these in 1769 was studied from Tahiti during James Cook's first voyage to Australia. During these astronomical events, which occur in pairs eight years apart, spectroscopy can detect an atmosphere with much less sulfuric acid than commonly believed. For ten points, name these events in which a certain planet crosses between the Earth and Sun.

transits of Venus (accept occultation of the Sun by Venus or eclipse of the Sun by Venus or solar eclipse by Venus; prompt on partial answers, but do not accept or prompt on solar eclipse alone; accept descriptions of Venus passing in front of the Sun (as viewed from Earth) before FTP) Second Quarter

(5) This man ended mutiny by declaring to his men "I am waiting for the tanks and the Amer cans" before launching another attack. After Erich von Falkenhayn declared that he would bleed this man's troops (+) white in one battle, this man allegedly rallied his men with the cry "they shall not pass." The "Sacred Way" supply line was established by this (*) marshal, who worked with Pierre Laval in a post-military position that earned him life imprisonment. For ten points, name this war hero at Verdun who collaborated with the Nazis as the head of Vichy France.

(Henri-)Philippe Petain

(6) This city was defended by the impromptu Team SNAFU. The last tanks around this city were organized around William Desobry, Henry Cherry, and James O Hara. The 5th Army of Hasso von Manteuffel attempted to capture (+) St. Vith and this city, which one commander promised to relieve in 48 hours. This city was besieged by German forces attempting to reach (*) Antwerp, but was relieved by Patton's 3rd Army. For ten points, name this Belgian city whose siege during the Battle of the Bulge prompted Anthony McAuliffe's famous surrender reply, "Nuts."

(Siege of) Bastogne

(27) A nurse with broken glasses in one of these artworks inspired paintings by Francis Bacon. A German Expressionist work in this medium centers on a murderous hypnotist. One part of a work in this medium shows a baby in a stroller rolling down the Odessa Steps and was created by Sergei Eisenstein. This artistic medium was used to create The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari and The Battleship Potemkin. For the point, identify this artistic genre that became known as "talkies" with the addition of sound and, with The Wizard of Oz, included color.

(silent) filmmaking (accept equivalents like cinema, movies, cinematography, etc.; the first sentence discusses Battleship Potemkin, so accept answers relating to it (i.e. "Russian films") until "German" is said)

(6) This man promulgated the Wantage legal code. The battle of Maldon took place under this monarch, whose brother was killed by Queen Elfrida. Thorkell the Tall attacked this monarch's kingdom, and this monarch unwisely ordered the St. Brices Day Massacre. This monarch was the father of both Edward the Confessor and Edmund Ironsides. The Danegeld tributes were controversially paid by, for ten points, what monarch whose epithet actually means he was poorly advised?

Aethelred the Unready (or Aethelred II) BONUS: Aethelred's son, Edmund Ironsides, was deposed by this "great" Scandinavian ruler, who won the Battle of Assandun. ANSWER: Canute the Great

(35) This man lost much of his support at a George Washington birthday speech in which he noted Thaddeus Stevens and Charles Sumner were "men still opposed to the Union." This man controversially noted that, like Jesus Christ, he too liked to pardon repentant sinners during his disastrous "Swing Around the Circle" speaking tour. This man enraged Congress by trying to replace Edwin Stanton in violation of the Tenure of Office Act, though he survived his impeachment trial. For the point, name this oft-maligned successor of Abraham Lincoln as US President.

Andrew Johnson (prompt on Johnson) Extra Question Only read if moderator botches a question.

(5) This justice joked that the Supreme Court had the power to determine what golf is in his dissent in PGA Tour v. Martin This man called ruling against antisodomy laws product of "law profession culture," and he called the legalization of gay marriage (+) "naked claim to super-legislative power." This justice wrote that the individual right to carry arms was guaranteed in the majority opinion in DC v. Heller, and he echoed Stephen Breyer in calling an Obamacare ruling "pure (*) applesauce." For ten points, name this originalist justice whose 2016 death caused a lengthy vacancy on the Supreme Court.

Antonin Scalia

(60) One writer in this non-French language opposed a predecessor's claim that all existence was accidental by stating that "essence is ontologically prior to existence." A man who translated works into this language replaced claims about the inferiority of women with a claim made in the Republic that women should be equal with men. The Incoherence of the Incoherence was written by one author in this language in defending the Aristotelian tradition from an opponent, al-Ghazali. For the point, name this language used by the "Commentator" Averroes and in productions of the Quran.

Arabic Page 12 NHBB A-Set Bee 2016-2017 Bee Final Round

(9) The MacDonald White Paper repudiated the goal set forth in this document. Leo Avery and Lord Milner are sometimes proposed as authors of this document instead of its namesake, whose prime ministership saw the signing of the Entente Cordiale. This document's creation was influenced by a meeting between its namesake and Chaim Weizmann, in which Uganda was offered as a solution to the "Jewish Question". For ten points, name this letter addressed to Walter Rothschild by its namesake Foreign Secretary that supported a national homeland in Palestine for the Jews.

Balfour Declaration

(4) A monument commemorating this event was built in St. John's Church after a prior monument was demolished at Dalhousie Square. A surgeon named John Zephaniah Holwell wrote an account of this event, which was carried out by men led by the Siraj ud-Daulah. This event's 123 victims primarily died of heat exhaustion in Fort William, where they had been captured by the Nawab of Bengal. For the point, name this notorious 1756 event in which British soldiers were imprisoned in tightly cramped, hot conditions.

Black Hole of Calcutta (prompt on descriptive answers)

(26) In this book, several generations buried their dead in the Cave of Machpelah, and a grandson is inexplicably cursed for a misdeed caused by his father, who saw his grandfather drunk and uncovered. This book's second chapter describes the source of four rivers, including the Pishon, Tigris, and Euphrates, after its first chapter repeats the phrase "and God saw that it was good." The Creation and Fall of Man narratives are told in, for the point, what first book of the Old Testament?

Book of Genesis (prompt on Bible, New Testament, and/or Torah until "Old Testament" is read) Page 5 NHBB A-Set Bee 2016-2017 Bee Round 1

(33) In this city, a woman who gave birth to a deformed baby, Mary Dyer, was executed in 1660. This city is depicted in The Fruits of Arbitrary Power, which inspired another engraving that shows Captain Preston commanding his troops to fire. A mob in this city attacked the mansion of Governor Thomas Hutchinson in 1765. Crispus Attucks died in this city, with his killers capably defended by John Adams. For the point, what city was the site of a March 1770 "massacre" of civilians by British troops?

Boston

(34) The myth that this person was buried between platforms 9 and 10 in King's Cross station inspired J.K. Rowling. This leader's army was encircled by their own families and unable to retreat in a defeat at the hands of Gaius Suetonius Paulinus at the Battle of Watling Street. This ruler led the Iceni and Trinovantes tribes in burning down Camulodunum. Tacitus and Cassius Dio disagree on whether this woman committed suicide after her defeat near present-day London. For the point, name this queen of the Iceni tribe who revolted against Rome during Nero's reign.

Boudica

(8) A predom nantly Muslim group of these people unsuccessfully tried to free Pacifico Lucatan from prison in the city of Salvador. One of these people adopted the name Ganga Zumba to rule over Palmares. These people established (+) Quilombo settlements. The status of these people was significantly altered by the Rio Branco Law, also called the Law of the (*) Free Womb, as well as by Empress Isabel's passage of the Golden Law. For ten points, name these people who were manumitted by the Brazilian government in 1888.

Brazilian slave Page 11 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2016-2017 Bowl Playoff Packet 4

(9) This event was followed by a Communist coup put down by the moderate Ant´onio Ramalho. It began after the attempted ouster of General Ant´onio de Sp´ınola and was executed by the Armed Forces Movement, or MFA. The National Salvation Junta established the Continuing Revolutionary Process after this event, which targeted a government that lost popularity due to colonial wars in Angola and Mozambique. For the point, name this revolution that overthrew the Estado Novo in Portugal.

Carnation Rev lution (accept 25th of April Movement; accept descriptive answers of the rev lution that overthrew Portugal's Estado Novo until "Estado" is said)

(4) After this woman's husband died, she went to live with Mollie Hay, with whom she may have become romantically involved. This woman invited Eleanor Roosevelt to the Women's Centennial Congress she organized in 1940. This woman angrily noted how the "The murderous Sioux is given the right to franchise" while women were not. This woman, worked with Emma DeVoe to found the League of Women's Voters, rose to the head of another organization after the retirement of Susan B. Anthony in 1900. For ten points, name this suffragette who headed NAWSA during the passage of the 19th amendment.

Carrie Chapman Catt Page 1 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2016-2017 Bowl Playoff Packet 7

(2) This film ignores the 1845 death of Elizabeth Reed by claiming that Katalin Helenski was the first woman to be executed in her state. Assistant District Attorney Martin Harrison is accused of forging evidence in this film after the death of the (+) Hunyak prompts Fred Casely's lover to re-hire her lawyer. In this film, a pair of deaths in the Hotel Cicero is detailed along with a set of homicides nicknamed (*) "pop," "six," and "squish." Billy Flynn sings "Give 'em the old razzle-dazzle" to win a court case in, for ten points, what 2002 Best Picture Oscar winner, a musical film that stars Catherine Zeta-Jones and Renee Zellweger as murderesses Velma Kelly and Roxie Hart?

Chicago

(33) William Loughton Smith used a section of a book titled for this state to argue for the building of the original six frigates. A book about this state was a response to a questionnaire sent out by Fran¸cois (+) Barb´e-Marbois; that book, consisting of 23 chapters called "Queries," was written in response to the Comte du Buffon's claim that life in America was (*) degenerate. A man from this state wrote A Manual of Parliamentary Practice, which was based on material he learned at its College of William and Mary. For the points, name this state of which a series of "Notes" were written by Thomas Jefferson.

Commonwealth of Virginia

(4) This man's friendship with Yuval Ne'eman allowed the US to discover that Israel had achieved nuclear capabil ties. This man, who worked with Hermann Jahn on understanding the distortion of octahedral complexes, was the only scientist to testify against Julius (+) Oppenheimer during his security clearing. In his later years, this man supported the use of nuclear bombs to create an artificial harbor in Cape Thompson, Alaska, during Project Chariot. This man co-names, with Stanislaw (*) Ulam, the design for a thermonuclear bomb. For ten points, name this Hungarian-American physicist, known as the "father of the hydrogen bomb."

Edward Teller Page 10

(3) In the prelude to this legislation's creation, Warren Atherton asked Francis Sullivan to "gather all the problems." An amendment to this legislation was offered by Gillespie Montgomery, whose version of it included a monthly $100 payment. Speaking on this legislation, Harry Colmery said "Never again do we want to see the honor and glory of our nation fade to the extent that the men of arms" "totter from door to door." For ten points, name this bill created in 1944 to aid returning World War II veterans.

G.I. Bill of Rights (accept Servicemen's Readjustment Act of 1944) BONUS: The original G.I Bill excluded members of this civilian sailing force, despite its critical role in World War II. ANSWER: United States Merchant Marine

(35) This composer took Arcangelo Corelli as a model for his twelve Opus 6 concerti grossi, the ninth of which borrows from his organ concerto "The Cuckoo and the Nightingale." A sinfonia for two (+) oboes and strings is often excerpted from his oratorio Solomon. This composer of "The Arrival of the (*) Queen of Sheba" wrote a largo al siciliana entitled "La Paix" for an outdoor celebration of the Treaty of Aix-La-Chapelle, and he also wrote three suites for a barge concert held by George II on the Thames. For the points, name this composer of Music for the Royal Fireworks and Water Music.

George Friedrich Handel Page 8 NHBB Nationals Bee 2016-2017 Bee Playoff Round 2 Extra Question Only read if moderator botches a question.

(4) This man represented the papacy in Scandinavia, where he founded Hamar as one of five dioceses in Norway. This man died before he could excommunicate Frederick Barbarossa, and supposedly died by choking on a fly in his wine. He gave Henry II the approval to invade Ireland with the papal bull Laudabiliter. This man saw Manuel I's invasion of southern Italy as a chance for an alliance between the Catholic Church and the Orthodox Church, which ended when the Byzantines were defeated at Brundisi. For ten points, name this pope, born Nicholas Breakspear, the only English pope.

Hadrian IV (or Adrian IV; accept Nicholas Breakspear before it is read) BONUS: During the Byzantine invasion of Italy, Hadrian IV tried to ally with the Byzantines, who were then led by Manuel I, a member of what family that also included Anna and Alexius? ANSWER: Comnenus family (accept Komnenos; accept Comneni; accept or Komnenoi)

(4) In 1757, tens of thousands of people who had recently performed this action died when a group led by Qa'dan al-Faiz raided their caravan. Unlike a similar action, this action must be done during Dhu al-Hijjah. This action includes a series of rituals, including drinking from the Zamzam Well, the symbolic stoning of the devil, and circling the Kaaba seven times. For ten points, name this pillar of Islam that requires Muslims to, at least once in a lifetime, undertake a pilgrimage to Mecca.

Hajj (prompt on pilgrimage to Mecca or similar descriptions before mentioned)

(19) In a novel, an adviser to this monarch employs Lady Rochfort to obtain testimony against a rival queen. A play set during the reign of this monarch is narrated by the Common Man. The reign of this monarch is the subject of Hilary Mantel's novels Bring Up the Bodies and Wolf Hall and of Robert Bolt's play A Man for All Seasons. During this king's rule, Thomas Cromwell led the persecution of Sir Thomas More. For the point, name this monarch whose several marriages were the subject of Ford Maddox Ford's The Fifth Queen

Henry VIII [eight]

(19) Holders of this position presided over a supreme court called the hofgericht [hoff-gehr-isht]. A holder of this position enforced peace among his vassals by passing the Ewiger Landfriede [eh-vig-er land-free-deh]. This title was created for a man who rescued John XII and had previously won the Battle of Lechfeld. According to the Golden Bull of 1356, seven electors chose the next holder of this position, which was dominated by the Habsburgs for 400 years. For the point, name this position, the ruler of a loose confederation of Germanic states.

Holy Roman Emperor

(11) This organization was targeted by ZOMO operatives during a massacre in the Wujek [voo-yeck] Coal Mine. This organization's precursors included the Worker's Defense Committee, which took part in 1976 riots in the city of Radom, and an Interfactory (+) Strike Committee. A Charter of Workers' Rights was published by this organization, which engaged in the (*) Round Table talks with the Jaruzelski [yuh-roo-ZEL-ski] government. Lech Walesa [vah-wen-sah] led, for the points, what labor union that was instrumental in ending Communist rule of Poland?

Independent Self-governing Trade Union Solidarity (or Solidarno´s´c)

(72) In 2009, the Census Bereau and this organization stopped providing their services to ACORN after edited videos showed ACORN giving advice on how to run a human trafficking ring. Ted Cruz's campaign proposed replacing this organization with a series of postcards or a mobile app. Lois Lerner resigned as head of this organization's Exempt Organization Unit in 2013, after this organization was criticized for scrutinizing conservative political groups. For the point, name this American governmental organization that collects taxes.

Internal Revenue Service

(21) The Venona Project was a secretive initiative headed by this man. While working in the Justice Department, this man investigated targets of the Palmer Raids. Helen Gandy served as secretary for this man and spent weeks attempting to destroy his secrets after his death. This man's organization conducted COINTELPRO in order to target suspected communists. Clyde Tolson was a companion of this man, who labeled John Dillinger "public enemy number one". For the point, name this longtime head of the FBI.

J(ohn) Edgar Hoover

(3) This scientist converted to Catholicism on his deathbed at Walter Reed, where he was kept to make sure he didn't reveal mil tary secrets. Humorous acronyms of his include MAD, for his theory of Mutually Assured Destruction, and MANIAC, the name of computer he built at (+) Los Alamos. This man introduced the density matrix formalism of quantum mechanics, and his proof of the minimax theorem inspired the field of game theory. This inventor of (*) merge sort names a design in which RAM is used to store both data and instructions. For ten points, name this Hungarian-American mathematician who lends his name to a widely used computer architecture.

John von Neumann

(5) This man, who failed to unseat Pres dent Franz Jonas in 1971, discussed his "quiet, intensive diplomacy" in his memoir In the Eye of the Storm This man's service in Thessaloniki as part in Army Group E and his promotion to Oberleutnant were (+) omitted from this man's 1985 autobiography. This man, who succeeded U Thant in 1972, kept a later office despite allegations that, as an intelligence officer in the (*) Wehrmacht, he declined to stop war crimes. For ten points, name this President of Austria and UN Secretary General who lied about working with the Nazis during World War II.

Kurt Josef Waldheim

(20) A member of this family was nearly deposed in the August Faction movement. Another coined the term Arduous March for a famine that swept through his country. Leaders from this family have promoted the policies of songun and juche [joo chay] to strengthen their military and promote nationalism. A late member of this family holds the title Eternal President, maintaining his position and status in this family's cult of personality. For the point, name this ruling family of North Korea.

Kim family (accept the Mount Paektu Bloodline and similar descriptions)

(23) This event, which forced the relocation of the Trondek Ham tribe to Moosehide, was sparked by a discovery officially filed by George Carmack but actually made by Skookum Jim. Participants were required to bring a year of supplies, and many traveled north via the Chilkoot Pass from Dyea and Skagway to the boomtown of Dawson City. For the point, name this late 19th-century bonanza in which prospectors sought gold along a tributary of the Yukon River in northwestern Canada.

Klondike Gold Rush (accept Yukon Gold Rush before Yukon is said; prompt on partial answers)

(5) One character created by this author gives out sums of money to anyone who needs it from a Foundation named after his father, an Indiana Senator. Another of this man's novels earned him a master's degree in anthropology from the University of Chicago and takes place in the fictitious Republic of (+) San Lorenzo. This author of God Bless You, Mr. Rosewater and Cat's Cradle wrote about a character who becomes (*) "unstuck in time," experiencing the firebombing of Dresden multiple times. For ten points, name this author who created the character of Billy Pilgrim in Slaughterhouse-Five.

Kurt Vonnegut

(5) A cartoon depicting a lewd relation between this man and Margaret Thatcher led to the jailing of blogger Amos Yee. During Operation Coldstore, this man worked with Tunku Abdul Rahman to target communists in opposition party Barisan Sosialis. This man's son, Hsien Loong, now heads the People's Action Party, which transformed his country into an "Asian Tiger" shortly after gaining independence from Malaysia. For the point, name this first prime minister of Singapore.

Lee Kuan Yew Page 1 NHBB A-Set Bee 2016-2017 Bee Final Round

(14) Paul Foot has written on the coincidence of the central role of a rigged Toshiba cassette radio in both this event and activities in Frankfurt. This event was originally blamed on Palestinian nationalist groups and the "Ulster (+) Defence League," before the discovery of a suitcase apparently connected to Abdelbaset al-Megrahi. The only person convicted for this event was a Libyan intelligence officer who may have acted on the orders of (*) Muammar Gaddafi. For the point, name this December 1988 terrorist attack in which Pan Am Flight 103 was bombed over a Scottish town.

Lockerbie bombing (or bombing of Pan Am Flight 103 before mentioned)

(2) The cut-stone Hall of Audience was commissioned by this ruler, who ascended to the throne after his predecessor disappeared on a voyage to explore the limits of the Atlantic Ocean. This ruler invited Ali Kolon to his court after conquering his homeland with the help of his general, Sagmandia. Andalusian architects were hired by this man to build the Djinguereber [jin guh rey ber] Mosque in Timbuktu. For ten points, name this ruler of Mali who ruined economies with highly generous spending during his 1324 hajj to Mecca.

Mansa Musa

(4) According to one work, a woman accused of witchcraft in this town kept her grandsons' umbilical cords and other strange objects. The philandering priest Pierre Clergue convinced the Inquisition to arrest almost everyone in this town. The Fournier (+) Register documents hundreds of interrogations of this town's peasants by the future Pope Benedict XII. This town in the Languedoc region was one of the last bastions of believers in the (*) Cathar heresy. For ten points, name this "village occitan" that was the subject of a microhistory by Emmanuel LeRoy Ladurie.

Montaillou (accept Montaillou, village occitan) Page 11 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2015-2016 Bowl V Finals

(8) This man argued for a provision that no bill that three-fourths of an electorate found harmful would be passed; that idea, posed in 1929, was one of this figure's highly unpopular Fourteen Points. Muhammad Iqbal had a strong influence on this man, who signed an agreement calling for one-third Muslim representation; that agreement, signed with the Congress Party, was the Lucknow Pact. For the point, name this leader of the All-India Muslim League and founder of Pakistan.

Muhammad Ali Jinnah

(19) Three years before this event, a man nicknamed the "Old Marshal" was assassinated. Wellington Koo accompanied members of a commission sent to investigate this event. That commission was appointed by the (+) League of Nations and was named after Victor (*) Bulwer-Lytton. Kanji Ishiwara helped plan this event, which resulted in the passage of the Stimson Doctrine and involved detonating dynamite near a railway line in Shenyang. For the points, name this 1931 incident that the Japanese used to justify their invasion of Manchuria.

Mukden Incident of 1931 (accept Manchurian Incident of 1931 until "Manchuria" is read; accept answers like the invasion of Manchuria until "Kanji" is read and prompt afterward)

(10) This man used his elite musketeers, the Jazayerchi, to capture Sa'adat Khan during an ambush at Kanjpura in his most famous battle. This ruler came to power at the Moghan Plain, where government officials appointed him king over (+) Abbas III, even though this man had earlier destroyed the Hotaki dynasty to restore Tahmasp II to the throne. This man was victorious at the Battle of (*) Karnal, after which he captured the Peacock Throne of the Mughal Empire. For the points, name this Afsharid Shah of Iran who took power from the Safavids and sacked Delhi in 1731.

Nader Shah (or Nader Qoli Beyg)

(5) The medicine god of this myth system, Hatdastsisi, cures diseases through priests who flagellate the afflicted body parts. A woman in this myth system named Naste Estsan is said to eat children who misbehave and instructed women how to build the first (+) loom. Monsters in this myth system are turned into stone by lightning bolt-firing bows. The Din´e Bahane' is this myth system's creation story, and a (*) trickster god in this myth system made the Milky Way by throwing bags of stars upwards and rolled human beings out of a ball of mud. For ten points, name this Native American myth system that includes Coyote.

Navajo (accept Dineh; prompt on Native American)

(3) The perpetrator of this event used a pseudonym based on Star Trek, Robert D. Kling. This event led to the passing of AEDPA. The perpetrator of this event carried an envelope containing pages from the Turner Diaries and cited a passage from John Locke about the right to (+) kill those who take away liberty. This event was supposedly motivated by the Ruby Ridge incident and Waco siege, and it employed an altered Ryder truck. It was the (*) deadliest attack on American soil before 9/11. For ten points, name this terrorist attack carried out by Timothy McVeigh the Alfred P. Murrah federal building.

Oklahoma City bombing

(5) The target of this event had, twelve years earlier, been the target of vague plot by Christian terrorist group called the Covenant, the Sword, and the Arm of the Lord; one member of the CSA, Richard Snell, was ex cuted for double murder on the day of this event in an apparent coincidence. The deaths of (+) Randy Weaver's wife and son inspired this event, which was planned for the second anniversary of the siege of the (*) Branch Davidian compound in Waco, Texas. Terry Nichols assisted the main perpetrator of, for ten points, what 1995 attack on the Alfred P. Murrah building, committed by Timothy McVeigh?

Oklahoma City bombing (accept equivalent descriptions) Page 10 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2016-2017 Bowl Playoff Packet 5

(28) This man faced a rebellion by the Sealed Knot movement, led by John Penruddock. His troops committed atrocities at Drogheda and Wexford during his campaigns in Ireland. This man appointed the Barebones Parliament and dismissed the Rump Parliament. After the passage of the Self-denying Ordinance, he served as the cavalry commander in the New Model Army and supported the execution of Charles I. For the point, name this Lord Protector who came to power during the English Civil War.

Oliver Cromwell

(30) This party devalued its nation's currency in 1994's "December mistake," after which it plunged into debt paying off the tesobonos that were issued by this party's outgoing leader to raise support for the incoming Ernest Zedillo [zeh-dee-yoh]. Plutarco Calles [kai-yes] founded this party in the aftermath of Alvaro Obreg´on's assassination. For the point, name this political party that, after seven decades in power ´ through leaders like Carlos Salinas, was defeated by Vincente Fox's PAN in 2000's Mexican presidential election.

PRI (or Institutional Revolutionary Party or Partido Revolucionario Institucional)

(22) A house in this city contained a mosaic, based on a Greek painting, showing Darius III fleeing from Alexander the Great at the Battle of Issus. Scenes of the cult worship of Dionysus can be viewed in this city's Villa of the Mysteries. This city's Lupanar, a brothel, famously features well-preserved graffiti. From across the Bay of Naples, Pliny the Younger wrote about a disaster in this city. For the point, name this Roman city that, like Herculaneum, was ruined by the 79 AD eruption of Mount Vesuvius.

Pompeii

(5) A Frenchman named Choqueux [sho-koh] was a suspect in this event until it was revealed that he made fireworks for a living. In the midst of this event, a man was found dead at Primrose Hill with apparent stab wounds; (+) Miles Prance was accused of that murder of Sir Edmund Godfrey. William Bedloe served as a prosecutor in thiss event, whose planner was assisted by Israel Tongue and had attended a (*) Jesuit school in Omer. Roughly two dozen men were executed as a result of, for the points, what conspiracy theory, devised by Titus Oates, that claimed Charles II's life was in grave Catholic danger?

Popish Plot

(32) A neighborhood within this specific locale, originally named Hallett's Cove, is home to a large Greek community and is located near the Steinway piano factory. This county's Corona Ash Dumps were turned into a park that hosted an event whose slogan was "Peace Through Understanding" and featured the Unisphere. Astoria is part of this county, from which Nassau broke off in the wake of an 1898 municipal consolidation. The 1964 World's Fair took place in the Flushing Meadows Park of, for the point, what New York City borough that, like Brooklyn, is on Long Island?

Queens (prompt on New York (City) before "county" is read)

(24) This ship was originally called the Sir William Hardy, though it was later renamed after a literary passage noting "the world is sick and dying, the people will rise up." While docked in Marsden Wharf, this ship was infiltrated by Alain (+) Tonel. While attempting to retrieve his camera from this ship, the photographer Fernando Pereira (*) died. Defense Minister Charles Hernu resigned shortly after authorizing Operation Satanique, in which this ship was destroyed while en route to Moruroa for a nuclear protest. Fran¸cois Mitterand ordered the bombing of, for the points, what Greenpeace ship?

Rainbow Warrior

(1) Howard Beale suggested that this period was born out of politicians' exploitative desires. The sitting president during this period was labeled a racist by Kenneth Stampp, who portrayed his opponents as noble crusaders. William Archibald Dunning led a school of thought about this period which condemned this period as "the nadir of national disgrace." This period was termed "America's Unfinished Revolution" by Eric Foner, who argues against the historical treatment of this period that blamed scalawags and carpetbaggers for its failings. For the point, name this period of American history, during which the South was brought back within the Union after the Civil War.

Reconstruction

(10) This ruler's daughter Enheduanna wrote a religious work titled The Exaltation of Inanna. The birth legend of this leader, who defeated king Lugal-Zage-Si of Umma, has been compared to that of Moses. This former servant of Ur-Zababa had his troops wash their weapons in the ocean to symbolize one of his conquests. This former cupbearer took control of Kish, Lagash, and Uruk to become the first emperor. For ten points, name this founder of the Akkadian Empire.

Sargon the Great Page 2 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2015-2016 Bowl Round 11 Second Quarter

(3) Julia Avita Mamaea served as regent to the last member of this dynasty, her son. The founder of this dynasty was born at Leptis Magna and instructed his sons to "be harmonious, enrich the soldiers, and scorn all other men." The second member of this dynasty killed his brother Geta, built a large bath complex, and granted citizenship to all free men. For ten points, name this Roman dynasty that ruled from 193 to 235 AD and included Elagabalus, Caracalla, and its founder, Septimius.

Severan Dynasty

(19) This ally of Jos´e F´elix Ribas pondered the fate of numerous occupied countries in a letter to Henry Cullen sent from Jamaica. He argued for the death of all unsupportive peninsulares in his "Decree of War to the Death," which was issued shortly after he took Merida in the Admirable Campaign. This president of Gran Colombia defeated the Spanish at Carabobo, securing the independence of Venezuela. For the point, name this 19th century liberator of South America.

Simon Bolivar

(4) This man designated Pir Muhammad ibn Jahangir as his successor before allegedly dying of a fever brought on by drinking too much ice water. The Knights Hospitalier were massacrced in (+) Smyrna on the orders of this man, who consolidated power at the Battle of the Terek River. This man used flaming camels to scare elephants during the siege of (*) Delhi, and he defeated Bayezid the Thunderbolt at Ankara. This enemy of Toktamysh and the Golden Horde died while attempting to attack the Ming Dynasty. For ten points, name this lame conqueror who ruled from Samarkand.

Tamerlane (or Timur the Lame, or Timur-Leng) Page 9 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2015-2016 Bowl Round 2

(4) An artificial waterway completed in 1984 connects this river to the Tombigbee River. A state that lies just south of this river's Nickajack Lake has periodically attempted to adjust its border north to get its water. George Norris sponsored an early attempt to dam this river at Muscle Shoals. Huntsville and Chattanooga also lie along, for ten points, what largest tributary of the Ohio River, whose namesake valley was the focus of a dam-building New Deal agency?

Tennessee River (accept Tennessee Valley (Authority); prompt on TVA after "valley" is read) BONUS: Kentucky Lake and Lake Barkley, formed in 1966 by damming the Tennessee River and its tributary the Cumberland River respectively, surround what National Recreation Area that lies mostly in Kentucky? ANSWER: Land Between The Lakes National Recreation Area

(6) This text compares newspapers to the Indian god Vishnu, as each "will be possessed of hundreds of hands;" that concept was plagiarized, as was much of this work, from satir cal di logue by Maurice Joly. A trial in (+) Bern, Switzerland in 1934 concerned the distribution of this text, an American version of which was published in the Dearborn Independent by Henry Ford. This work, which Elie Wiesel described as "about (*) lies and slander," was exposed in 1921 by The Times as a forgery. For ten points, name this anti-Semitic document that claimed to expose, according to its original title, a "Jewish Program to Conquer the World."

The Protocols of Zion (accept The Protocols of the Learned Elders of Zion; accept The Protocols of the Meetings of the Learned Elders of Zion; accept The Jewish Program to Conquer the World before mentioned)

(22) This man advised Auda ibu Tayi during the Battle of Aqaba and led guerrilla attacks on the Hejaz Railway. This man described his experiences, including his victory at the Battle of Tafileh that earned him a Distinguished Cross, in Seven Pillars of Wisdom. This man's promises of an Arab homeland were violated by the Sykes-Picot Treaty. For the point, name this British soldier who fought the Ottoman Empire in the Middle East during World War I.

Thomas Edward Lawrence (or Lawrence of Arabia) Page 4 NHBB A-Set Bee 2016-2017 Bee Round 3

(17) This nickname was bestowed on a liberal group including Benjamin Cardozo that opposed the "Four Horsemen" of the Supreme Court during FDR's administration. Another group of people with this nickname were led by the Monsieur de Tr´eville. This group foils the plot of the spy Milady de Winter and lives by the motto "one for all, and all for one!" D'Artagnan [dar-tan-yon] wishes to join with, for the point, what group of swashbuckling French guardsmen in an Alexandre Dumas novel, consisting of Athos, Porthos, and Aramis?

Three Musketeers (prompt on musketeers)

(5) The wife of one partic pant in this event was enraged to see publicity photos showing the mistress Veronica Porch´e. Eddie Futch told Carlos Padilla to end this event, whose eventual winner claimed he lost five pounds of weight during it. The (+) "rope-a-dope" strategy was ineffective early in this event, which took place in oppressively hot and humid conditions. The winner had angered the loser in pre-fight banter by calling him "The (*) Gorilla". For ten points, name this third and final match between Muhammad Ali and Joe Frazier, fought in 1975 in the Philippines.

Thrilla in Manila (accept descriptions of the third and/or final fight between Ali and Frazier, with names in either order, until "Muhammad" is read)

(27) This author described a party served by white South Americans thrown by Felicia Montealegre and Leonard Bernstein with Black Panther representatives as special guests. This writer opened an anti-modern architecture text by parodying "America the Beautiful." This author of From Bauhaus to Our House coined terms like "radical (+) chic" and "the Me Decade." This man wrote a 1968 book recounting the experiences of (*) Ken Kesey and his Merry Pranksters. For the point, name this writer whose early works of New Journalism include The Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test.

Tom Wolfe

(6) An economic crisis resulting from this event caused the pres dent to complain that "the bottom is out of the tub." The key figures in this event considered departing from Matamoros, but declined due to the expected delay, and wanted to use the (+) Nashville but couldn't get it out of Charleston. During this event, Charles Wilkes captained the USS San Jacinto, which was able to stop (*) James Mason and John Slidell from reaching Great Britain, where they were planning on finding British support for the Confederacy. For ten points, name this 1861 diplomatic incident, named for the British mail ship that was captured.

Trent Affair

(34) The Al-Bass excavation site discovered a massive necropolis in this city. Conrad of Montferrat successfully defended this city for two months against the besieging forces of Saladin. This city exported a non-fading substance that required boiling thousands of Murex sea snails to produce a single gram. It was originally situated on an island, but a kilometer-long causeway built in 332 BC to siege this city connects it to the mainland today. For the point, name this Phoenician city sieged by Alexander the Great, which produced a famous purple dye.

Tyre (accept Tyrian purple after "non-fading")

(6) A form of protest known as the teach-in originated at this university. Alan Haber founded the left-wing student activist group Students for a Democratic Society at this university. John F. Kennedy announced his plan for the Peace Corps while speaking at this university, where Lyndon B. Johnson outlined the Great Society. This school lost the case Gratz v. Bollinger, which questioned its racial affirmative action policies. For ten points, name this flagship state university located in Ann Arbor.

University of Michigan BONUS: Tom Hayden, a co-founder of Students for a Democratic Society, wrote what manifesto outlining SDS's goals, which planned an "Agenda for a Generation" and includes suggestions for disarmament? ANSWER: Port Huron Statement

(26) The Fountain of the Eagle is located in this country, whose railway opened in 1933 with one station. A landmark in this country contains an obelisk first transported from Egypt under the reign of Caligula. It was recognized in 1929 by the Lateran Treaty, which ended a fifty-nine year period of its leader being a "prisoner" here following the Risorgimento. Saint Peter's Square is located in, for the point, what tiny independent country within the borders of Rome, ruled by the Pope?

Vatican City (or the Vatican; do not accept or prompt on Italy) Page 5 NHBB B-Set Bee 2016-2017 Bee Round 2

(11) The background of this war and the author's own experience in it were the subject of a book by Lt. General Philip Davidson. John Paul Vann's actions during this war are the subject of Neil Sheehan's A Bright Shining Lie. Mike Gravel entered another work relating to this war into Congressional record; that work was released by Daniel Ellsberg to The New York Times after being commissioned by Robert McNamara and discussed leaders like Ngo Dinh Diem. For ten points, name this conflict written about in many biographies of Lyndon Johnson.

Vietnam War

(20) A recent performance of this opera in New York was cut short by the police after a man dumped his mentor's ashes in the orchestra pit. In this opera, the princess Mathilde sings "Sombre foret" while at Rutli. Its antagonist was the 13th-century Hapsburg governor of Uri and Schwyz, Albrecht Gessler. A "call to the cows" and the galop "March of the Swiss Soldiers" are featured in the famous overture to, for the point, what Rossini opera about a Swiss folk hero who shot an apple off his son's head?

William Tell (or Guillaume Tell)

(7) This artist's painting of Francis Barlow and the title people at the Siege of Petersburg was based off drawings and engravings completed while serving as a correspondent for Harper's Weekly. This artist, who showed four (+) Confederate soldiers in Prisoners From the Front, began painting more seascapes when he moved to Maine. A line of young boys play the title (*) game in front of a red building in this artist's Snap the Whip. For ten points, name this American painter who showed a black man in a damaged boat surrounded by sharks in The Gulf Stream.

Winslow Homer

(18) Matilda Bradley Carse became the president of this group's Chicago chapter and published The Union Signal. A president of this organization claimed that women's suffrage would "cleanse the Stygian pool." This group, which used the slogan "For God and Home and Every Land" and was led by Annie Wittenmyer, adopted a Xenophon quote to argue for "total abstinence from everything harmful." Frances Willard was president of, for the point, what women's organization that advocated for Prohibition?

Women's Christian Temperance Union (or WCTU

(41) Sacrifices were once performed on this landform at sinkholes known as cenotes [sen-oh-tays]. A sovereign state was ruled here from the city of Merida from 1841 to 1848, and it includes the states of Campeche [kam-pay-chay] and Quintana Roo [keen-tah-nah roo]. An archaeological site on this peninsula is home to a step pyramid dedicated to Kukulcan and also known as El Castillo. An asteroid impact off its coast near the town of Chicxulub [chick-shoo-loob] likely triggered the extinction of the dinosaurs. Chichen Itza was was a major city of the Mayan civilization on, for the point, what peninsula in southern Mexico?

Yucatan Peninsula (prompt on Mexico)

(7) In ancient times, this currency was worth 6 obols. In 1828, the phoenix replaced the Ottoman kurus, then itself was replaced four years later by the "phoenix," adorned with King Otto's face; both this currency and the phoenix were equivalent to 100 lepta. In 1973, this currency replaced the image of the deposed King Constantine with more phoenix imagery and the phrase "Hellenic Republic." For ten points, name this currency used by both the ancient and modern, pre-Euro Greeks.

drachma

(3) This company's status as a "natural monopoly" was weakened by a 1956 court case allowing third party providers to attach to this company's devices. News articles regularly appear about how some customers, particularly the elderly, still (+) lease this company's devices. William Shockley's invention of the transistor occurred at a laboratory owned by this company, which was (*) broken up in the 1980s into seven "Regional Operating Companies;" in 2005, one of those companies, Southwestern Bell, took on this company's name again. For ten points, name this largest US landline phone company.

AT&T Corporation (or Bell Telephone Company or American Telephone & Telegraph; accept Bell Labs)

(7) During this battle's preliminaires, either Daniel Wells or Henry McComas may have killed General Robert Ross. This battle was launched in response to destruction of property along Lake Erie, and was preceded by fighting at Hampstead Hill and North Point. Mary Pickersgill created one object used at this battle's end. The song "To Anacreon in Heaven" supplied the melody for a work about this battle. For ten points, name this battle that inspired Francis Scott Key to write "The Star Spangled Banner."

Battle of Fort McHenry (or Siege of Fort McHenry; accept Battle of North Point before mentioned)

(8) This man's overtures for peace talks were recorded in "The Vital Letters of [this man], Khrushchev, and Dulles." He noted that colonization was justified with proper use of land in his "Ethics of War." A manifesto named for this man and (+) Albert Einstein became the founding charter of the Pugwash Conferences. His work "On Denoting" discusses definite and indefinite descriptions, and this author of (*) "Why I Am Not a Christian" was an outspoken proponent of nuclear disarmament. For ten points, name this British philosopher who collaborated with Alfred, Lord Whitehead in Principia Mathematica.

Bertrand Russell Page 10 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2015-2016 Bowl Round 2 Extra Question Only read if you need a backup or tiebreaker!

(10) Harold Urey strongly advocated for this former student of his to be denied tenure at Harvard. Edward Teller told this scientist that he had succumbed to being a propagandist for his work on the TTAPS model of "nuclear winter." This scientist led the design of the Pioneer plaque and the Voyager Golden Record, which were messages to possible extraterrestrials. This man's last book was titled for his iconic phrase "billions and billions." For the point, name this astronomer and popular scientist who narrated the original Cosmos series.

Carl Sagan Page 2 NHBB A-Set Bee 2016-2017 Bee Final Round

(21) This king is the subject of a mostly-lost epic poem set at Paderborn. This ruler was unable to secure the submission of the Duchy of Benevento when he subjugated the Lombard kingdom. Alcuin was a notable philosopher during this man's reign, which was chronicled by his biographer Einhard. His defeat at Roncevaux Pass inspired the Song of Roland. For the point, name this Carolingian king who was crowned by Leo III on Christmas Day 800 as the first Holy Roman Emperor.

Charlemagne (accept Charles the Great, Karl der Grosse, or Carolus Magnus)

(7) Displays at this event included barom ter that based observations on the movement of leeches and Frederick Bakewell's early version of fax machine. An object known as the "Mountain of Light" that had once been owned by (+) Nader Shah was displayed during this event. The man who devised the first Christmas card, Henry Cole, helped organize this event. The Koh-i-Noor Diamond was on display during this event, which was attended by writers like George (*) Eliot and Charles Dickens. Prince Albert helped plan, for ten points, what 1851 exhibition in London, held in a magnificent plate glass building?

Crystal Palace Exhibition (accept The Great Exhibition of the Works of Industry of All Nations)

(4) This leader ordered the creation of Unit 101, which committed the Qibya massacre as a reprisal attack. In his later career, he became minister of defense after Pinhas Lavon was caught planning false-flag bombing attacks on Egypt. This leader authorized Operation Magic Carpet to relocate thousands of Yemeni and Ethiopian Jews. He merged the Irgun militia into the IDF to fight against the Arab League shortly after his country gained independence in 1948. For ten points, name the first prime minister of Israel.

David Ben Gurion BONUS: After his career in politics, Ben-Gurion retired to one of these Israeli collectivist farms, many of which industrialized over the 20th century. A few hundred of these communities exist in Israel today. ANSWER: kibbutzim

(2) James T. Brady and this man were part of the legal defense team that helped Daniel Sickles get an acquittal for the murder of Philip Barton Key II. This man entered his most famous position after the resignation of Simon Cameron over calls to arm slaves. Upon Lincoln's death, this man either said that he belongs to the "ages" or "angels." This politician's dismissal was found in violation of the Tenure of Office Act. For ten points, name this Secretary of War during the 1860s whose dismissal by Andrew Johnson led to his impeachment.

Edwin Stanton

(20) In this campaign, William Scurry was able to use weights and water tins to invent a self-firing rifle. During this campaign's bloodiest day, an attack on Hill 60 was launched simultaneously with Beauvoir de Lisle's assault up Scimitar Hill. In its early stages, one commander in this campaign told his men "I do not order you to fight, I order you to die." This campaign began with Commonwealth troops landing at Anzac Cove. Winston Churchill planned, for the point, what 11-month campaign of World War I in which Ataturk's Ottomans successfully defended the Dardanelles Strait?

Gallipoli Campaign (or Dardanelles Campaign; accept Battle of Gallipolli and other equivalent terms; accept Battle of Canakkale

(8) Blacksmiths from this empire erected an iron pillar that has resisted corrosion to the present day. The Ajanta cave complex was designed during the reign of this empire, which was visited by the Chinese (+) monk Faxian and whose rulers inclued Vikramaditya. The Recognition of Sakuntala was written by (*) Kalidasa during the rule of, for the points, what empire that ruled India from the third to fifth centuries AD, well after the earlier Mauryan Empire, and was ruled by Samudra and Chandra?

Gupta Empire

(4) In December 2016, this leader announced his country's official unit of currency would become the Toman. This leader was elected in 2013 with the slogan of a "Government of prudence and hope" after Mahmoud Ahmadinejad served for two terms. This leader negotiated with the P5+1 countries regarding his country's nuclear program, with a Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action agreed on in 2015. For ten points, name this current President of Iran.

Hassan Rouhani

(6) The bottom of this work was intended to depict plants with their roots visible in the soil. Statues of Jupiter and a headless Caesar flank this work, whose center shows a hand with a glowing orb. Its artist proposed adding Abraham Lincoln to the left side, but Nelson Rockefeller ordered it destroyed anyway. Man, Controller of the Universe is a recreation in Mexico of, for the point, what Diego Rivera mural that controversially depicted Vladimir Lenin?

Man at the Crossroads (accept Man, Controller of the Universe before "destroyed" is read)

(40) John Campbell plotted a sneak attack on this city that Bernardo de Galvez discovered. This city was the capital of the territory where the Chickasaw wars occurred, and the (+) pirate Jean Lafitte [la-feet] aided in its defense against Edward Pakenham. Adrien de Pauger mapped this city, then argued for its superiority to nearby (*) Biloxi. For the point, name this city defended by Andrew Jackson in January 1815 after the signing of the Treaty of Ghent.

New Orleans (or Nouvelle-Orl´eans)

(7) The oldest state park in the US is named for this geographical region. One feature named for this region includes Table Rock and Terrapin Point. The capture of a fort named for this region was led by William Johnson during the Seven Years War. One battle named for this region is also known as the Battle of Lundy's Lane. A river named for this region empties into Lake Ontario after draining Lake Erie near Buffalo. For the point, give this geographic term that names a waterfall between Ontario and New York.

Niagara

(9) This figure "teaches the higher fidelity that negates the gods" and concludes, like Oedipus, "that all is well" according to a work that later notes "the struggle itself toward the heights is enough to fill a man's heart." This figure is the subject of an essay which ends by noting that "one must imagine [this figure] happy." For the point, name this mythological figure, the subject of a landmark 1942 existentialist essay by Albert Camus [ca-moo] that discusses the story of this man forever pushing a boulder up a mountain.

Sisyphus (accept The Myth of Sisyphus)

(29) This policy was protested by a women's group known as the Black Sash. It was condemned by the Lusaka Manifesto and a Security Council arms embargo. This policy created enclaves of territory called bantustans. One aspect of this policy, the requirement for internal passports, was protested at the Sharpeville Massacre. F.W. de Klerk's government helped end this policy through negotiations with the African National Congress. For the point, name this policy of racial segregation in South Africa.

Apartheid (prompt on descriptive answers until the end of the question)

(3) One employee of this company, Gerhard Domagk, won a Nobel Prize but was arrested by the Nazis for contemplating accepting it. This company appointed Fritz ter Meer as its chair shortly after he finished his prison term for Nazi war crimes. Felix Hoffmann's work with this company included an acetylation of morphine, creating a compound that this company trademarked as heroin. For ten points, name this German pharmaceutical company whose chemists synthesized acetylsalicylic acid, or aspirin.

Bayer AG

(18) This leader's nuclear weapons program was hampered by the Pressler amendment. The Badr-I [bah-dir one] space probe was launched during this leader's tenure, a first for the country, and this leader was accused of smuggling data on enriched uranium into North Korea during a visit. This leader was exiled for eight years until the rise of Pervez Musharraf, and she was succeeded as head of the PPP by her son after her 2007 assassination in Rawalpindi. For the point, name this daughter of Zulfikar Ali who served two terms as Pakistan's Prime Minister.

Benazir Bhutto

(33) This man named present-day Guam the "Island of the Lateen Sails" for the sheer number of prau vessels that approached his ship on his arrival there; that account was documented by Antonio Pigafetta, one of this man's crew. This colleague of Juan Elcano tried to convert Lapu-Lapu to Christianity, but failed; shortly after, Lapu-Lapu's men attacked and this man was struck with a bamboo spear, killing him. For the point, name this Portuguese explorer whose surviving crew then finished the first expedition to circumnavigate the Earth.

Ferdinand Magellan

(16) This company's German subsidiary, Adam Opel AG, was accused of profiting from both sides during World War II. In 1953, Charles Erwin Wilson, this company's president, was named as Secretary of Defense; during the confirmation hearings, Wilson famously claimed that "what's good for (this company) is good for the country." This company first surpassed Ford Motor Company in sales in the late 1920s. For the point, name this automobile company whose brands include Buick and Chevrolet.

General Motors Page 3 NHBB A-Set Bee 2016-2017 Bee Round 2

(3) The first elected King of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth was from this family, as was the first husband of Mary, Queen of Scots. One ruler from this family hosted the Field of the Cloth of Gold. Catherine de Medici's husband belonged to this family, which originally took power after the extinction of the Capet Dynasty. This family fought against the Plantagents in the Hundred Years War. For ten points, name this French dynasty which was succeeded by the Bourbons and whose members included Francis I.

House of Valois

(10) In April 2016, five police officers pled guilty to various charges associated with shootings on the Danziger Bridge during this event. During this event, The decision to not declare a state of emergency for Jefferson, and Plaquemines [PLAK-uh-meen] was later blamed on Governor Kathleen Blanco. Shortly after being told "You're doing a heck of a job" after this event, Michael Brown was fired from a government post. Refugees were trapped at the Superdome for several days after this event, which breached around 50 levees. For ten points, name this hurricane that devastated New Orleans in 2005.

Hurricane Katrina Page 2 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2015-2016 Bowl Round 12 Second Quarter

(10) This man argued that space and time were means for a subject to organize the world using his "transcendental aesthetic." The importance of justifying knowledge claims was pointed out to this philosopher by David Hume's work, which this philosopher says "woke him from his dogmatic slumber." In his most famous work, this man questioned the existence of synthetic a priori truths. For the point, name this German philosopher who developed the categorical imperative and wrote the Critique of Pure Reason.

Immanuel Kant Page 2 NHBB A-Set Bee 2016-2017 Bee Round 3

(11) This man forced his enemies to withdraw to Castle William after falsely boasting about the size of his army. That incident occurred when this man's ship Liberty was seized following a dispute over a wine shipment. This first governor of an independent Massachusetts was closely aligned with Samuel Adams, and neither of them were pardoned by Thomas Gage following the Boston Tea Party. For the point, name this chair of the Continental Congress who legendarily wanted to aid King George III's troubled vision by signing the Declaration of Independence in exceptionally large print.

John Hancock

(1) Nearly 2,000 people died when the Sultana exploded in this river, but John Wilkes Booth died the day before, so the tragedy received shockingly little press coverage. Monks Mound was built on the eastern banks of this river, which names a civilization that built the city of Cahokia. A control structure was built to reduce its flow into the Atchafalaya River. For ten points, name this American river whose source was identified in 1832 as Minnesota's Lake Itasca, from which it flows to the Gulf of Mexico.

Mississippi River

(4) Prachanda led a lengthy Maoist insurgency in this country that is currently led by K.P. Oli. This country's elite units were donated to India and Great Britain under the Tripartite Agreement. Narayan Shah unified this country against the Malla kingdoms, and this country served as the only official Hindu country in the world until the abolition of the monarchy in 2008. Gurkha units are heavily associated with this country. For the point, a massive April 2015 earthquake struck what Himalayan country with capital at Kathmandu?

Nepal

(6) This colony was home to a political family that included Henry Clay's 1844 running mate. This state, the last north of the Mason-Dixon line to abolish slavery, was home to "Silk City," the nickname for its city of Paterson. This state names a plan in which each state would have had a vote in Congress, contrasted with a plan named for Virginia. For ten points, name this state whose namesake college become the Ivy League's Princeton University, and which also saw the Battle of Trenton.

New Jersey

(17) A former school in this state near San Ildefonso was converted into a facility that contains Bathtub Row and which was once called "Site Y." The McDonald Ranch House is located in this state's White Sands Missile Range, which is near the town of Alamagordo and was the site of an event for which the "Jumbo" containment vessel was built. Trinity, the world's first nuclear test, was detonated here and designed in its Los Alamos Laboratory. For the point, name this southwestern state whose capital is Santa Fe.

New Mexico

(6) Streetcars serve this city's First Hill and South Lake Union neighborhoods, and its industrial districts are concentrated along the Duwamish River. A 1971 billboard asked the last person leaving this city to "turn out the lights" after the US canceled a program to develop supersonic planes. An observation tower was built for the 1962 World's Fair here, and it is home to the Pike Place Market. Boeing was founded in, for ten points, what city on Puget Sound that is home to the Space Needle?

Seattle

(3) This writer described "the cold stars lighting, very old and bleak / in different skies" in the poem "I Saw His Round Mouth's Crimson." In one of his poems, the narrator is told "here is no cause to mourn" by a former enemy he meets in Hell. This author of "Strange Meeting" described an "ecstasy of fumbling" in response to nerve gas in a poem that calls a patriotic Horace quote "the old Lie". For the point, name this British World War I poet of "Dulce et Decorum Est."

Wilfred Owen

(4) Tim Raines noted that he commonly slid headfirst to protect a vial of this substance. Keith Hernandez was one of more than a dozen players to discuss this substance at the 1985 Pittsburgh trials. (+) Dwight Gooden's career was shortened by multiple positive tests for this drug. Jose Fernandez was under the influence of (*) alcohol and this substance when he died in a 2016 boating accident. Major League Baseball was briefly wracked by a 1980s scandal involving, for ten points, what drug derived from coca leaves?

cocaine (do not accept crack or crack cocaine) Page 1 NHBB Nationals Weekend Extras 2016-2017 Bowl Tiebreaker 1

(3) Charles Grey ambushed this man's forces in the Paoli Massacre. This man led a surprisingly successful bayonet raid on a British fort at Stony Point, after which he earned his nickname. He provokingly established Fort Recovery at the site of the Battle of the (+) Wabash River. This leader of the Legion of the United States forced the Treaty of Greenville after his decisive victory over (*) Little Turtle and Blue Jacket's Miami tribe at the Battle of Fallen Timbers. The Northwest Indian War was essentially won by, for ten points, what American general, nicknamed "Mad?"

"Mad" Anthony Wayne

(10) During these conflicts, the Thirteen Factories were twice destroyed. James Bremer used gunboats to great effect in this conflict and blockaded the Pearl River. The second of these conflicts began when the Arrow was seized. Lin Zexu sent a letter asking "where is your conscience?" to Queen Victoria in the first of these conflicts, which ended with the cessation of Hong Kong Island in the unequal Treaty of Nanking. For ten points, name this series of conflicts between Great Britain and China sparked by drug exports.

(First and/or Second) Opium War(s) (prompt on descriptions of wars between Great Britain and China before mentioned) Page 2 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2016-2017 Bowl Round 7 Second Quarter

(71) This book emphasizes the role that "habits of mind" play in upholding freedom, rather than written-in constitutional protections. This book pioneered and praised the idea of "separate spheres" for men and women, and its author names a paradox stating that "as social conditions improve, social frustration increases." Gustave de Beaumont accompanied this book's author on a tour of the prison system of 1830s America. The "tyranny of the majority" is warned against by, for the point, what political treatise by Alexis de Tocqueville?

(On) Democracy in America (or De La D´emocratie en Am´erique)

(6) During this event, one man was labeled "Ole Hanson of the East." In the prelude to this event, Andrew Peters stated "the whole situ tion is far more serious than realized." After this event, formerly unemployed (+) World War I veterans were refused new uniforms by the Garment Workers' Union. Samuel Gompers supported the perpetrators of this event and blamed Commissioner (*) Edwin Upton Curtis for causing it by refusing to recognize a new union. For ten points, name this 1919 strike, quashed in a profile-raising performance by Massachusetts Governor Calvin Coolidge.

1919 Boston police strike (prompt on partial answers)

(7) The documentary With Babies and Banners analyzes the role of a Women's Emergency Brigade during this event, which Henry Kraus helped organize. Governor Frank Murphy acted as an intermediary between the two parties after one side refused to meet with Homer Martin. Franklin Delano Roosevelt refused to federally intervene in this strike, which partly took place in the Chevrolet Number 4 plant. For ten points, name this 1936-1937 strike against General Motors in which workers refused to leave their stations.

1936-1937 Great Flint sit down strike (or the Great General Motors sit down strike "strike" not needed after it is mentioned; prompt on partial answers)

(1) After this disaster, Senegalese president Abdoulaye Wade offered its victims free land. Missionaries from the New Life Children's Refuge were accused of kidnapping for attempting to arrange for the adoption of children affected by this crisis. Cholera outbreaks after this disaster were blamed on (+) Nepalese peacekeepers. Rapper Wyclef Jean tried to run in the presidential election held in the year of this disaster, and (*) Michel Martelly became president a year later. For ten points, name this natural disaster that destroyed Port-au-Prince in 2010.

2010 Haitian earthquake

(1) Samuel Wyllys was technically the owner of this thing, which received its name from an item that was supposed to be taken at Butler's Tavern. This thing was killed in an 1856 thunderstorm, and it was immortalized on the fifth-issued state quarter in 1999. In 1687, Joseph Wadsworth prevented Edmund Andros from seizing a poorly-written contract by hiding it in this object. For ten points, name this tree that once held a royal document belonging to Connecticut Colony.

Charter Oak

(11) This general was victorious against Onomarchus at Crocus Field, one of the bloodiest battles in ancient history. A stray vine prevented the escape of this man's assassin, Pausanias. This man was given the one-word reply "If" after issuing a series of threats to Sparta. This man created the League of Corinth to oppose Persia shortly after he defeated Thebes' Sacred Band at Chaeronea. For the point, name this Macedonian ruler and father of Alexander the Great.

Philip II of Macedon

(28) The self-governance of these people was promoted by an organization founded by Isaac Butt. Farmers from this group formed the Land League, which published the No Rent Manifesto as part of a call for agricultural reform that was passed by William Gladstone. The plight of these people led to the repeal of the Corn Laws, and the movement for their independence was known as Home Rule. For the point, name these people who established their own Free State after suffering through a potato famine.

Irish (accept word forms)

(26) This man believed Nebraska brought forth a "sacred right" and placed "it on the high road to extension and perpetuity." This man challenged those to "do our duty as we understand it" by having "faith that right makes might." This orator of the Peoria Speech looked to "bind up the nation's wounds" "with Malice toward none, with charity for all" in his Second Inaugural Address. For the point, name this president who claimed "that government of the people, by the people, for the people shall not perish from the earth" in his Gettysburg address.

Abraham Lincoln

(6) This man agreed to become a vassal of Sartaq Khan to save his people from devastation. This man was appointed military commander by a veche and defeated a Swedish invasion on the (+) Izhora River. He became Prince of Vladimir after his brother attempted to assert independence from the Golden Horde. This man fought on the (*) frozen Lake Peipus against the Teutonic Order in the Battle of the Ice, successfully defending the Republic of Novgorod from the Northern Crusade. For the points, name this legendary Grand Prince of the Kievan Rus.

Alexander Nevsky

(5) This man was forced to retreat from Zurich to Glarus in the winter, earning comparisons to Hannibal crossing the Alps and a promotion to generalissimo. This man's troops sacked Praga during the Ko´sciuszko Uprising, and he had earlier defeated the (+) Bar Confederation in Poland. Paul I fired this man, then re-hired him at the insistence of European leaders to reverse Napoleon's conquest of (*) Italy. This author of The Science of Victory led a successful Siege of Izmail against the Ottomans, helping to put down Pugachev's Rebellion. For the points, name this undefeated Russian general under Catherine the Great.

Alexander Suvorov

(4) This man benefited in an election from a William Gallagher snapshot of his damaged shoe. After the Alsop brothers attacked this man's baldness, he quipped "Eggheads of the world, unite!" This man informed Valentin Zorin that he would "wait until Hell froze over" for confirmation that the Soviet Union was placing missiles in Cuba during his time as U.S. ambassador to the United Nations. For the point, name this Illinois governor who was twice defeated by Dwight Eisenhower in 1950s presidential elections.

Adlai E. Stevenson II (or Jr.)

(7) This figure is the alphabetically-prior namesake of a manifesto that inspired the Pugwash anti-WMD conference; that manifesto is named after this man and Bertrand Russell. David Ben-Gurion tried to make this man the first President of Israel, a post he refused. With Leo Szilard [zee-LAR], this scientist wrote a letter to FDR that inspired the Manhattan Project. For ten points, name this scientist who formulated general and special relativity.

Albert Einstein

(17) The head of this leader's intelligence agency was caught giving bribes to various news channels in the Vladi-videos. Operation Chavin de Huantar was launched by this leader to end an Embassy hostage crisis. This leader's death squad attacked a barbecue party, believing it to be a Marxist gathering, in the Barrios Altos massacre. This leader of the (+) Grupo Colina death squad won the "Internal conflict" against the Tupac Amaru Revolutionary Movement and the (*) Shining Path Guerillas. For the point, name this former President of Peru who was ousted on corruption charges in 2000, after which he fled to Japan.

Alberto Fujimori Page 4 NHBB Nationals Bee 2015-2016 Bee Playoff Round 1

(19) In medieval legend, this man used a large chunk of beef to torment two hungry griffins that he used to fly to heaven. Orientalist scholar Theodor N¨oldeke identified this real-life person with the "two-horned" Quranic figure Dhul-Qarnayn. Medievals depicted this member of the (+) Nine Worthies in many namesake "romances," which drew loosely on the historian Arrian. In real life, the snake-handler Olympias gave birth to this man, who declared himself to be the son of (*) Zeus-Ammon while in Egypt. For the point, name this conqueror-king whose army marched to India from Macedon.

Alexander the Great (or Alexander III of Macedonia)

(46) Marty Balin was knocked unconscious during this event. Alan Passaro was acquitted of a murder that took place at this event; Passaro was a member of a group that had received $500 in free (+) beer in exchange for providing security for this event. Santana opened this event, where the Hells Angels guarded the stage from a crowd of 300,000 and Meredith Hunter was stabbed to death. The documentary (*) Gimme Shelter depicts, for the point, what free concert held at a northern California speedway in December 1969, where a violent Rolling Stones concert marked the metaphorical and literal "end of the 1960s?"

Altamont concert (accept equivalents)

(26) In the early 20th century, this city completed a ring of fortifications called the Stelling, which overlooked the Zuiderzee. This city was surrounded by the Singel until the late 16th century, after which this city built the Herengracht, Prinsengracht, and Keizergracht in a concentric pattern around itself. For the point, name this city located several feet below sea level on an arm of the North Sea, where a series of planned canals provide transportation near the Royal Palace of the Netherlands.

Amsterdam

(26) This leader initially gave support to Plinio Salgado's Integralists in order to suppress communism in his country. "The Black Angel" was the head of this leader's bodyguards, who plotted an assassination attempt against journalist Carlos (+) Lacerda; that scandal led this leader to write the Letter of Testament shortly before committing suicide. The rise to power of this "Father of the Poor" led to the end of his country's (*) "coffee and milk" politics. A South American Estado Novo was established by, for the point, what President of Brazil during the 1930s?

Getulio Vargas

(33) Vinayak Savarkar was falsely accused of perpetrating this event, which led to the RSS party being banned for a period of time. A little girl tried to stop the perpetrator of this event, which took place at the Birla House, by telling him that "Bapu is already late." In its aftermath, the sitting prime minister announced that "the light has gone out of our lives." Nathuram Godse was hanged for committing, for the point, what 1948 murder of an Indian nonviolence activist?

Assassination (or killing, etc.) of Mahatma (or Mohandas) Gandhi (prompt on partial answers; do not accept mentions of Indira or Rajiv Gandhi)

(8) The outcome of this battle prompted one side to form the Blood and Iron Imperial Corps. Cactus Ridge and Sugar Loaf Hill had to be taken in this battle in order for one side to capture Shuri castle. This battle began with Operation Tengo and was alternatively called the "typhoon of steel," thanks to the high incidence of kamikaze pilots. This battle, codenamed Iceberg, was fought in an attempt to establish an airbase in preparation for the invasion of Japan. For ten points, name this 1945 battle for one of the Ryukyu islands.

Battle of Okinawa BONUS: This famed war correspondent was killed at Okinawa. ANSWER: Ernie Pyle

(9) Pierre Falcone and Charles Pasqua coordinated arm sales from France to this country in the 1990s. A guerilla war broke out in this country after Jonas Savimbi rejected the results of a 1992 election. The Bicesse Accord ended a civil war in this country between UNITA and the MPLA. This country which gained independence by the Alvor Agreement is currently led by Jose Eduardo dos Santos. For the point, name this former Portuguese colony north of Namibia whose capital is Luanda.

Angola

(16) A second century AD text about this ruler's life opens with stories of his teacher, Upagupta, and of his previous life as Jaya, a boy who met the Buddha. This ruler defeated the Utkala in modern day Odisha, killing 200,000 soldiers and civilians according to a series of inscriptions on boulders and pillars throughout his empire. After winning the aforementioned Kalinga War, this son of Bindusara renounced violence and converted to Buddhism. For the point, name this third century BC Mauryan ruler.

Ashoka the Great (or Asoka or Ashok

(7) Jonathan Pitney is known as the "father" of this city, which was ruled for several decades by the policial boss Nucky Johnson. Meyer Lansky's honeymoon was used as pretext for 1929 conference in this city that brought together heads of (+) Mafia families from across the country. The 1964 Democratic National Convention was held in this city, where in 1870 a landmark was opened that now runs from from Absecon Inlet to neighboring (*) Ventnor City. A 1976 referendum legalized casino gambling here. America's first boardwalk is found in, for ten points, what New Jersey resort town home to the Miss America pageant?

Atlantic City

(27) Nostradamus' prophecies influenced a book by this religion's founder titled Declaring Myself the Christ. A group that broke off from this religion in 2007 is known as the Circle of Light. Its members once (+) attacked a courthouse when targeting three judges predicted to rule against them in a real estate dispute. That attack occurred nine months before a (*) 1995 attack on locations like the Chiyoda and Hibiya lines that left twelve dead. For the points, name this religious cult, now known as "Aleph," that used sarin gas to conduct the Tokyo subway attacks.

Aum Shinrikyo (accept Aleph before mentioned)

(40) The first assault in this battle was met by the company of Joseph Bartholomew. The losing side of this battle interpreted the subsequent New Madrid Earthquakes as an omen to renew their war effort. During this battle, Spier Spencer led a militia group called the Yellow Jackets. One side in this battle was led by Tenskwatawa from Prophetstown, while the leader of the winning side capitalized on success at this battle with a campaign song. For the point, name this 1811 battle in Tecumseh's War, won by future President William Henry Harrison.

Battle of Tippecanoe Page 8 NHBB A-Set Bee 2016-2017 Bee Final Round

(1) A person with this surname was embroiled in a sex scandal after accusations surfaced that he had an affair with Elizabeth Tilton. That man with this surname delivered the "Shall We Compromise" speech to attack the Compromise of 1850 and raised funds to buy guns for abolitionists in Kansas, which were mockingly dubbed his "bibles." A family patriarch with this surname was the first president of the Lane Theological Seminary. For the point, identify this surname of Lyman and Henry Ward, as well as the author Harriet, who later married Calvin Stowe.

Beecher (accept Henry Ward Beecher; accept Lyman Beecher; accept Harriet Beecher Stowe)

(7) This country's Orange Walk District is home to the ancient city of Lamanai, and a logger discovered Caracol here while searching for mahogany trees. European settlers here known as Baymen fought the battle of St. George's Caye. This country relocated its capital inland in response to 1961's Hurricane Hattie, and was known as British Honduras until 1973. Belmopan is the capital of, for ten points, what Central American country that, like neighboring Mexico and Guatemala, is home to a number of Mayan ruins?

Belize

(7) This author described a "sense of dissatisfaction" and the silent question "Is this all?" in the opening to one work. This co-founder of NARAL and author of The Second Stage described "the problem that has no name" as an inner voice saying "I want something more than my husband and my children and my home" in her most famous work. The National Organization for Women was first led by, for ten points, what American thinker, the author of The Feminine Mystique?

Betty Friedan BONUS: Friedan supported this proposed Constitutional amendment, which would have guaranteed equality for women but was only ratified by 35, not 38, states during the 1970s. ANSWER: Equal Rights Amendment (or ERA) Page 4 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2015-2016 Bowl Round 2

(8) The construction for this project was actually supervised by the designer's daughter-in-law, Emily, who learned higher mathematics to assist her injured husband. The original engineer for this structure died after contracting tetanus completing a survey for this structure, leaving his son Washington in charge. P.T. Barnum marched a parade of 21 elephants across this structure to reassure the public about its stability. For ten points, name this John Roebling-designed structure spanning the East River in New York.

Brooklyn Bridge BONUS: This Cuban poet of Versos Sencillos wrote a poem about "The Bridge of Brooklyn" for its opening. ANSWER: Jos´e Marti

(28) This man negotiated the Treaty of Mon¸con with Gaspar de Guzm´an, a Spanish diplomat. Sweden was persuaded to ally with this man's nation through the Treaty of Barwalde. Henry de Cinq Mars opposed this man, as did a series of advisors who thought they had ousted this man on the Day of the Dupes. This enemy of the Huguenots personally conquered one of their last strongholds at La Rochelle. For the point, name this man, known as the Red Eminence, a French cardinal who advised Louis XIII.

Cardinal de Richelieu (or Armand-Jean du Plessis)

(3) The Chasseurs d'Afrique managed to secure the right flank during this action. While viewing this action, Pierre Bosquet remarked, "It's magnificent, but it isn't war. It's madness." Lord (+) Cardigan expressed doubts about this action with Lord Lucan, but participated in it anyway. An order by Lord Raglan was incorrectly delivered by Louis Nolan before this event, which attacked massed (*) artillery between the Causeway and Fedioukine Heights. This action was performed by the "noble six hundred," who rode "into the valley of death," according to Alfred, Lord Tennyson. For ten points, name this failed military strike during the Battle of Balaclava.

Charge of the Light Brigade (accept anything that suggests an attack by the Light Brigade)

(8) This location is the current home of The Tent of Darius, a work by the decorator and painter Charles le Brun. Austerlitz by Fran¸cois G´erard and Bouvines by Horace Vernet are among the largest paintings in this location's (+) "Battles Gallery." An antechamber in this location contains a Charpentier painting of a famous resident who maintained an 86-acre (*) "Petit Domaine" here, Marie Antoinette. For the point, name this opulent royal palace of Louis XIV [fourteenth], known for its Hall of Mirrors.

Chateau de Versailles [vayr-SYE] (or Palace of Versailles) Page 2 NHBB Nationals Bee 2015-2016 Bee Playoff Round 2

(14) One member of this tribe, John Ross, controversially broke with other members in negotiating an agreement with the U.S. government. This tribe gained almost two million acres of land from the Creek in the Treaty of Fort Jackson after assisting Andrew Jackson in fighting at Horseshoe Bend. In that battle, one member of this tribe saw "talking leaves," inspiring him to develop a syllabary for this tribe. The Treaty of New Echota forced this tribe onto the Trail of Tears. Sequoyah was a member of, for the point, what southeastern Native American tribe, the largest to be federally recognized?

Cherokee

(1) This composer's The Combat of Tancredi and Clorinda which contains one of the ear est uses of pizzicato, was published in his eighth book of madrigals. He coined the term "seconda practica" to differentiate his music from the older style of (+) Palestrina. One of his operas depicts the ascent of Nero's second wife, while his first opera depicts a legendary (*) musician who travels to the underworld to rescue Eurydice. For ten points, The Coronation of Poppea and L'Orfeo were written by what Italian composer who pioneered the Baroque style of music?

Claudio Monteverdi

(9) One plank of this proposal would have prevented teenage mothers from receiving welfare. This plan for the 104th Congress was developed by a Georgia representative whose Presidential campaign in (+) 2012 included a scandal regarding a six-figure Tiffany bill. This proposal included the "Taking Back Our Streets" Act and the aforementioned "Personal Responsibility" Act, which was vetoed by President (*) Clinton. For ten points, give this three-word name of the 1994 agenda offered by Newt Gingrich in a successful midterm campaign to gain Republican control of Congress.

Contract With America (prompt on descriptions of the 1994 Republican platform before "three-word name" is read)

(5) The schism addressed by this council was the subject of the Henotikon, which tried to reconcile the opposing sides. Dioscurus was exiled during this council, which was convoked by the Emperor Marcian. The Oriental Orthodox branch split as a result of this council, which issued a definition that refuted monophysitism and reaffirmed what Pope Leo I explained in a Tome he wrote prior to this council: that Christ had two natures. For ten points, name this 451 church council, held in Asia Minor.

Council of Chalcedon

(4) In this war, one side's headquarters was destroyed in the Battle of Holy Ground. Benjamin Hawkins failed to adequately prepare for this conflict, in which the Spanish governor armed one side at Pensacola. Peter McQueen and William Weatherford instigated the massacre of Fort Mims in this conflict, which was ended by the Treaty of Fort Jackson. American forces became involved in this war following the Battle of Burnt Corn. For ten points, name this 1814 Native American civil war involving the Red Sticks faction of one of the Five Civilized Tribes.

Creek War (accept Red Stick War before mentioned) BONUS: This general helped end the Creek War following a decisive victory at Horseshoe Bend. He had earlier established Forts Detroit and Strother in the Tennessee campaign. ANSWER: Andrew Jackson

(2) Jody Valentini survived being shot by this man in Pelham Bay, though her friend Donna Lauria became his first victim. While in prison, Psalm 34:6 inspired this man to convert to Christianity. This man, whose primary weapon was a Bulldog .44 caliber revolver, is now the namesake of laws prohibiting criminals from profiting from selling their story to publishers. For ten points, name this criminal who claimed he was ordered by a Satanic dog to commit a series of murders in summer 1977 in New York.

David Ricard Berkowitz (accept Son of Sam; accept Richard David Falco BONUS: This Democratic politician announced the capture of Berkowitz in his role as Mayor of New York City. He served one term, during which the city nearly went bankrupt, and was succeeded by Ed Koch. ANSWER: Abraham Beane

(3) This composer parodied Charles Hanon's exercises in his second piano concerto, and took only three days to write a Festive Overture for the anniversary of the October (+) Revolution. He described the end of one of his works as a "parody of shrillness" in the possibly-spurious autobiography Testimony. He withdrew his fourth symphony after the article "Muddle Instead of Music" was published in (*) Pravda. For ten points, name this composer who subtitled his fifth symphony "A Soviet Artist's Response to Just Criticism" and wrote the opera Lady Macbeth of the Mtsensk District.

Dmitry Shostakovich

(2) The title character of one of this man's operas sings an aria based on "Home Sweet Home" while imprisoned in the Tower of London. This composer of Anna Bolena also wrote about an executed favorite of Elizabeth I in Roberto Devereux. This composer wrote another opera based on a Sir Walter Scott novel in which the title character sings "Il dolce suono" in her "mad scene." For ten points, name this bel canto composer, a contemporary of Vincenzo Bellini who composed Lucia di Lammermoor

Domenico Gaetano Maria Donizetti

(2) After the People's Convention had been held, government officials attempted to stop this event with concessions in the Freemen's Constitution. This event led to the Supreme Court case Luther v. Borden, which ruled that it was constitutional to (+) change governments. John Tyler refused to send troops to end this event, and newly elected governor (*) Samuel Ward King declared martial law in response to it. For ten points, name this 1841 rebellion that attempted to extend the franchise in Rhode Island.

Dorr's Rebellion (accept equivalents for rebellion)

(7) This leader allied with Prince Gong and Prince Chun in the Xinyou [shing-yoh] Coup to defeat Sushun and the Eight Regent Ministers. This ruler ordered Zeng Guofan [zuhn gwoh-fahn] to quell a rebellion, and helped appoint Zaitian to replace Tongzhi after he died. This figure was accused of embezzling naval funds to build a Marble Boat for the Summer Palace, and also quashed the Hundred Days' Reform while ruling on behalf of the Guangxu Emperor. This ruler was defeated by the Eight Nation Alliance after encouraging the army to support the Boxer Rebellion. For ten points, name this Dowager Empress of the Qing Dynasty.

Dowager Empress Cixi BONUS: Leaders like Zeng Guofan headed this movement in late Qing Dynasty China which sought to modernize the country so it could take on foreign powers without compromising Chinese values. ANSWER: Self-Strengthening Movement

(5) This man dismissed a commissioner who would go on to lead the Army Comrade Association, which sought to prevent physical intimidation by a group supported by this man. This man attempted to reconcile with Richard Mulcahy after fighting broke out at the Four Courts. This man backed a group sometimes known as the "Irregulars" that warred with a faction led by William Cosgrave. When his motion regarding eligibility in the D´ail If was rejected, this man broke from Sinn F´ein. For ten points, name this first Taoiseach [TEE shuh] of Ireland and founder of Fianna F´ail [fi anna foil].

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(7) Regis Debray formulated the idea of foco based on the experiences of this man. This man's admiration for Patrice Lumumba led him to assist Laurent-Desire Kabila in the Simba Rebellion. Alberto Korta captured the most famous image of this man during a memorial service for the La Coubre explosion. After the failure of the Bay of Pigs invasion, this man wrote a thank you letter to John F. Kennedy. For ten points, name this man, whose "Heroic Guerrilla Fighter" portrait has become a revolutionary symbol.

Ernesto "Che" Guevara (accept either name; accept Ernesto Lynch) BONUS: Guevara died in what country, which also sheltered Klaus Barbie, who may have helped capture Guevara? ANSWER: Bolivia Page 4 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2015-2016 Bowl Round 3

(2) This man represented holders of the Wentworth Grants in a New York court case; protecting his interests in those grants led this man and his family to form the Onion River Company. Late in life, this man published the deist book Reason: The Only Oracle of Man. After a meeting at Catamount Tavern, this man organized a militia group that went on to aid Benedict Arnold in the capture of Fort Ticonderoga. For the point, name this man who advocated independence for Vermont and who led the Green Mountain Boys.

Ethan Allen

(4) This ruler was restored by a military force known as the Hundred Thousand Sons of St. Louis, which put down Rafael del Riego's uprising and ended the "Liberal Triennium" period. The Cortes of Cadiz was disbanded by this ruler, whose tyrannic last ten years of rule were nicknamed the "Ominous Decade." Supporters of this ruler's brother, Don Carlos, opposed this ruler's rejection of the agnatic succession clause of Salic Law when he designated Isabella II as his successor in 1833. For ten points, name this king of Spain, whose death led to a succession crisis that sparked the Carlist Wars.

Ferdinand VII (or Fernando VII; prompt on Ferdinand)

(6) This man discussed the two halves of Barack Obama's private and public goals in his book Obama and The Empire. This leader published the newspaper The Accuser while leading a group simply called The Movement, after which he planned an attack on the Moncada Barracks. This leader deposed Fulgencio Batista in a revolution, during which he worked alongside his brother Raul. For ten points, name this longtime leader of communist Cuba who passed away in 2016.

Fidel Castro

(7) This location first gained its importance after the Battle of Lake George, and it used to be the site of the Pell family estate. Arthur Saint-Claire was court-martialed for abandoning this location, which is overlooked by Mount (+) Defiance. James Abercromby ordered a disastrous frontal assault on this location, which was then controlled by the French and named Carillon. Its guns were brought by Henry (*) Knox to Massachusetts to end the Siege of Boston. For the point, name this fort in upstate New York that was the target of multiple campaigns in the French and Indian and American Revolutionary Wars.

Fort Ticonderoga

(48) This thinker used the Marxist term "lumpenproletariat" to describe people who were not involved in industrial production. This thinker used psychoanalysis to explain that Black people appropriate the culture of their colonizers because of their feelings of inadequacy. Sartre wrote that killing a (+) European is like "killing two birds with one stone" in an introduction to one of this thinker's works. This thinker spent the end of his life as a psychiatrist in (*) Algeria, supporting independence from France. For the point, name this anti-colonialist author of Black Skin, White Masks and The Wretched of the Earth.

Frantz Fanon Page 11 NHBB Nationals Bee 2015-2016 Bee Final Round

(8) This composer included a piece in memory of Emperor Maximillian in the third of his Years of Pilgrimage suites. He wrote a piece that depicted a Cossack hetman being tied to a galloping horse, Mazeppa. This composer's "Bagatelle without tonality" was meant to be his fourth Mephisto Waltz, and he wrote twelve particularly difficult Transcendental Etudes. For ten points, name this Romantic piano virtuoso who composed nineteen Hungarian Rhapsodies and inspired a namesake "mania."

Franz Liszt (or Liszt Ferenc)

(36) In an off-the-cuff remark to a reporter, this man unwisely but correctly declared that "Our next war will be with Germany." This man's attempt to run for the presidency on the Democratic ticket in 1900 was scuttled when he remarked that he would "execute the orders of Congress as (+) faithfully as I have executed the laws of my superiors." This man annihilated the fleet of Patricio Montojo y Pasaron by issuing the order "You (*) may fire when you are ready, Gridley" while on board his flagship, the USS Olympia. For the point, name this admiral who commanded the fleet that won the Battle of Manila Bay.

George Dewey

(3) Henry Wilson reinforced this country after being detached from Archibald Wavell's command. This country's ruler created the National Youth Organization, and his response to an invasion is celebrated as this country's Ohi Day. This country experienced a self-coup, supported by George II, called the 4th of August movement. It was defeated, despite British help, after an invasion of Epirus. For ten points, name this country once ruled by Ioannis Metaxas from Athens.

Greece (or the Hellenic Republic BONUS: Ioannis Metaxas names a pre-World War II fortification line meant to protect Greece from invasion by this country. ANSWER: Bulgaria Page 3 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2016-2017 Bowl Backup Packet 1

(4) This city is home to an oak tree whose destruction was prevented by the Tercio of Bego˜na. One event in this city took place on a Monday, its traditional market day, which increased casualty counts. George Steer wrote a report about the destruction of this city, which was carried out by Hugo Sperrle's Aviazione Legionaria. Operation Rugen targeted, for ten points, what Basque city whose bombing by the Condor Legion during the Spanish Civil War inspired a massive Pablo Picasso painting?

Guernica

(34) During his intervention in Bavaria, this ruler was victorious in the Battle of the Rain. This man was wounded trying to cross the Vistula during a war against Poland that ended with the Treaty of Altmark. This man allegedly claimed that "the Lord God is my armor" before fighting without protection and dying at the Battle of Lutzen. Axel Oxenstierna ruled as a regent after the death of, for the point, what "Lion of the North," who fought in the Thirty Years War as King of Sweden?

Gustavus Adolphus (or Gustav Adolf; accept additional mentions of "the Great" or "the Second")

(10) Description acceptable. This song's second verse includes reference to its subject's pressure on the steel industry. Following its performance, the subject of this song called it "sweet and wholesome" and declared he could "now retire from (+) politics." Its performer was jokingly introduced by Peter Lawford as "late," foreshadowing her death just months later. This song's most notable performance took place at (*) Madison Square Garden in 1962, ten days before its subject turned 45. For ten points, name this song, performed by Marilyn Monroe for the sitting Commander-in-Chief.

Happy Birthday, Mr. Pres dent (accept descriptions of "Happy Birthday To You" being sung to ohn F. Kennedy; accept descriptions of "Happy Birthday To You" being sung by Marilyn Monroe (or Norma Jeane Mortenson); prompt on "Happy Birthday (To You)" alone) Extra Question Only read if you need a backup or tiebreaker!

(75) James Holman was the first mayor of this city, which was founded at Allen's Landing. Its namesake Ship Channel was developed by dredging Buffalo Bayou after a nearby coastal city was hit by a Category 4 hurricane in 1900. This city's Clear Lake area is home to the Mission Control Center for NASA's manned missions once Cape Canaveral finishes Mission Control for launch. The Johnson Space Center is in, for the point, what city, named for the victor of the Battle of San Jacinto and located inland from Galveston Bay in Texas?

Houston

(1) Terry Lenzner accused this man of funneling bribe through Charles Rebozo to the Pres dent. Clifford Irving was sentenced to 17 months in prison for creating fake autobiography of this man. The CIA asked this man to oversee the construction of the (+) GSF Explorer, meant to find a lost Soviet submarine. After this man died on a flight to Houston, part of his estate was claimed by the (*) Church of Latter Day Saints in a forged "Mormon Will." This man lived in Las Vegas' Desert Inn for nearly a decade after a career as film director and airline owner. For ten points, name this reclusive American businessman who despised his H-4 Hercules nickname of "the Spruce Goose."

Howard Robard Hughes Jr.

(6) One side in this conflict called their raids "spanil´e jidzy," or beautiful rides. Sigismund Korybut served as regent for Grand Duke Vytataus of Lithuania in one part of this conflict. The Battle of Kutna Hora in this conflict was the first recorded use of field (+) artillery. One side in this conflict experienced infighting between its Taborite and Ultraquist factions. Wagon forts were employed by the one-eyed (*) Jan Zizka in this conflict, which was started by the First Defenestration of Prague. For ten points, name this conflict that was fought against followers of a certain Czech priest and reformer who was burned at the stake in 1415.

Hussite Wars (accept Bohemian Wars; accept descriptions of uprising, revolt, etc. instead of war)

(19) This composer was inspired by footage of World War II to write his Symphony in Three Movements. For the 35th anniversary of Tchaikovsky's death, he wrote the ballet The Fairy's Kiss. He included "Mystic Circles of Young Girls" in a work that opens with a high bassoon solo. Ivan breaks Kashchei's [ka-SHE's] magic egg in this composer's first collaboration with Sergei Diaghilev's [dee-ah-guh-lev's] Ballets Russes [ballet roose]. For the point, name this composer of Petrushka and The Firebird.

Igor Stravinsky

(6) This man's attempt to get his student Robert Serber appointed to a faculty position was blocked by Raymond Birge, who remarked "One Jew in the department is enough." Haakon Chevalier offered to pass secrets from this man to the Soviets through George Eltenton. With Max Born, this man names a simplification of molecular wave functions that assumes nuclear motion and electron motion is separable. For ten points, name this UC Berkeley physicist known for his leading role in the Manhattan Project.

Julius Robert Oppenheimer

(3) This country's military received an outpouring of foreign aid in the Building Partner Capacity program. This country was the site of the Anbar offensive, which contained Operation Breaking Terrorism and the capture of Ramadi. After participating in a battle in the Sinjar Mountains to aid fleeing Yazidis, the Peshmerga of Massoud Barzani's Kurdistan are currently working with this country's troops to defeat ISIS. For ten points, name this country, site of the ongoing battle of Mosul.

Iraq

(1) Juan de Betanzos wrote a narrative history of this conflict. The Canari people switched sides during this conflict, choosing to follow the loser of this war. The decisive battle in this conflict was the Battle of Quipaipan. The loyal generals Ruminahui and Quizquiz supported the eventual winner of this conflict, who was captured at the Battle of Cajamarca shortly after this war ended. For ten points, name this war fought over a throne left vacant by the death of Huayna Capac, which ended when Huascar defeated was by his half-brother Atahualpa.

Incan Civil War (accept War of the Incan Succession; accept War of the Two Brothers; prompt on war between Huascar and Atahualpa before Huascar is read) BONUS: After he was captured by Pizarro, Atahualpa was ransomed for what? Description acceptable; we're not looking for a number. ANSWER: a room full of gold and/or silver (accept Ransom Room; prompt on descriptions of "a lot of gold and/or silver," but only give one attempt at the specific unit of "a room's worth")

(8) This author called attention to the wrongs of the Bangladesh Liberation War in his poem "September on Jessore Road." He claimed "Strange now to think of you, gone without corsets and eyes" in an elegy for his mother Naomi. This author of (+) "Kaddish" also placed Federico Garcia Lorca and Walt Whitman in a "Supermarket in California." He repeatedly assured Carl Solomon that "I'm (*) with you in Rockland" in a poem that was the subject of a notable 1957 obscenity trial. For ten points, name this Beat poet who lamented "I saw the best minds of my generation destroyed by madness" in his poem "Howl."

Irwin Allen Ginsberg Page 11 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2015-2016 Bowl Round 7

(9) The final chapter of a book by this author, "November Elegy," profiles a descendant of many of its previous subjects, Paul Garrett. The archaeological hill of Makor titles a novel by this author that discusses the history of Israel. A book by this man contains several stories narrated by the Commander and includes the planning of an operation code-named Alligator. This author of Centennial and The Source wrote a book that inspired a musical by Rodgers and Hammerstein. For ten points, name this author of Tales of the South Pacific

James Michener

(10) When commissioned as a war artist, this man painted wounded soldiers walking to a dressing station. Earlier, this artist included two guitars hanging on the wall of a room in which a gypsy dances El Jaleo [hah-LAY-oh]. He is also known for intimate portraits, such as one of two girls hanging paper lanterns. In another work, this artist of Carnation, Lily, Lily, Rose contrasted the pale skin and black satin dress of its subject, Virginie Gautreau [vir-zhih-NEE goh-TROH]. For the point, name this painter of Madame X.

John Singer Sargent

(4) This man stated that "some must be rich, some poor, some high and eminent in power and dignity; others mean and in subjection" while aboard the Arabella. This man wrote a "Short Story" that chronicled the Antinomian Controversy. This man, who oversaw the expulsion trial of Anne Hutchinson, delivered the sermon "A Model of Christian Charity" in 1630. For ten points, name this early leader of the Massachusetts Bay Colony who described the colony as a "City Upon a Hill."

John Winthrop

(2) This man and his armor-bearer defeated an entire garrison at Michmash; immediately afterwards, this man broke his father's decree of an army-wide fast by eating honey from the ground. This man shot three arrows as a signal for his brother-in-law, whom he loved "as himself," to flee. This man died with his brothers and father at the Battle of Mount Gilboa while fighting the Philistines. Modern Christian debates regarding homosexuality often consider, for ten points, what oldest son of King Saul of Israel who held a covenant of friendship with David?

Jonathan (accept Yehonatan; accept Yonatan BONUS: This author cited the relationship between David and Jonathan in support of his homosexuality during his 1895 trial. ANSWER: Oscar Wilde

(1) While serving as a Senator, this man drafted the Violence Against Women Act and oversaw Robert Bork's Supreme Court confirmation hearing as chair of the Senate Judiciary Committee. This man was accused of plagiarizing a speech by Labour politician Neil Kinnock during his 1988 Presidential run. In another campaign, this man called a "lecture on embassy security" a "bunch of malarkey" in a debate with 2012 Paul Ryan. For ten points, name this current Vice President of the United States.

Joseph Robinette "Joe" Biden

(43) One member of this family collaborated with Malcolm X's daughter, Attallah Shabazz, to produce the play Stepping into Tomorrow. The matriarch of this family was the target of a smear campaign by the FBI, who mailed her tapes of her husband's alleged affairs; that woman led a march of sanitation workers on April 8, 1968, less than a week after the murder of her husband. For the point, identify this family, including Yolanda, her mother Coretta Scott, and Coretta Scott's husband, a prominent civil rights activist.

King (accept Yolanda King; accept Coretta Scott King; accept Martin Luther King, Jr.)

(38) This man was targeted in a bombing of Munich police headquarters by Menachem Begin. His reputation suffered after supporting the arrests of five Der Spiegel journalists who had published military secrets. This leader agreed to pool his nation's production of coal and steel with France in the Schuman Declaration. His minister Ludwig Erhard oversaw the Wirtschaftswunder, an economic miracle. For the point, name this Christian Democrat politician, the first chancellor of West Germany.

Konrad Adenauer

(10) This philosophy focused on "fixing the standards" and "treating the people as one" and led to a rule in which no guest could be admitted without prior identification; that law led to the death of Shang (+) Yang when he attempted to go into hiding. This philosophy was spared during the burning of books from the (*) Hundred Schools of Thought because it was the official philosophy of the Qin [chin] state. For ten points, name this harsh philosophy, advocated by Han Feizi, that formed the basis of early bureaucracy in 3rd century BC China.

Legalism or (Fa-Jia; accept word forms like "legalist thought")

(6) Contemporary historian James Ronda has written several books about this event, one of which claims that a comparable event was led by James Mackay and John Thomas Evans. During this event, Fort Clatsop was constructed along the Columbia River. Participants in this event included a slave named York, Toussaint [too sahn] Charbonneau, and Charbonneau's Shoshone wife, Sacagawea. For ten points, name this voyage that explored the Missouri River, including much of the Louisiana Purchase.

Lewis and Clark Expedition (accept Corps of Discovery

(20) A military force created by this action captured Joseph Hutchings in its first fighting at Kemp's Landing. At least one thousand people responded to this action, including Harry, a slave owned by George Washington; those people formed the Ethiopian (+) Regiment. This action, offered by the last Royal Governor of Virginia, included a declaration of martial law, and applied to (*) slaves owned by rebels but not those owned by Loyalists. For the point, name this document that promised freedom to slaves who were able to reach British lines and fight against the colonists in the American Revolution, named for the Earl who issued it in 1775.

Lord Dunmore's Proclamation (accept Lord Dunmore's Emancipation Proclamation, but do not accept or prompt on Emancipation Proclamation alone)

(1) In Howard's End, Helen Schlegel claims this piece represents "goblins marching across the universe." E.T.A. Hoffman wrote a glowing review of this piece, whose third movement begins similarly to the last movement of Mozart's (+) Great G minor symphony. This piece is quoted in every movement of a piano sonata whose movements are named for famous New England authors. William Ives' (*) Concord Sonata musically quotes, for ten points, what symphony that opens "G, G, G, E flat," a motif described as "fate knocking at the door," that was composed by Ludwig van Beethoven?

Ludwig van Beethoven's Symphony No. 5 in C minor (Beethoven not needed after mentioned)

(2) A cult located on Mount Soracte engaged in practices similar to those practiced on this day. During this celebration, two youths would be taken to an altar to have blood smeared on their foreheads, after which they were expected to laugh. Mark Antony crowned Caesar during this festival in 44 BC. Young men and women were paired off in a fertility lottery during this festival, which landed on February 15th. For ten points, name this ancient Roman pastoral festival whose name derives from the Latin word for "wolf."

Lupercalia (prompt on February 15th before mentioned)

(4) One newspaper campaigned against this leader, saying "Stop the waste of our nation, for your job, your children, and your future!", but this leader defeated Michael Foot anyway. Geoffrey Howe turned on this leader, who resigned after pressure from Michael Heseltine. This leader's adoption of the Community Charge prompted the Poll Tax Riots. This leader succeeded James Callaghan following the Winter of Discontent, and her strict education cuts led to the nickname "Milk Snatcher". For ten points, name this first female Prime Minister of Great Britain.

Margaret Thatcher BONUS: Margaret Thatcher was succeeded by this Conservative prime minister, who faced the Black Wednesday crisis and negotiated the Maastricht Treaty. ANSWER: John Major Page 3 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2015-2016 Bowl Round 1

(10) A response to one work by a member of this family was written by Robert Calef. One member of this family campaigned against the Declaration of Indulgence, leading him to petition the King after being accused of treason. One member of this family was told by his slave Onesimus about the value of (+) inoculation, causing both him and his father to support it. One man in this family described his role in the Court of Oyer and Terminer, including his acceptance of (*) spectral evidence, in the book Wonders of the Invisible World. For ten points, give this name shared by a father and son pair of Puritan ministers named Increase and Cotton.

Mather family (accept Cotton and/or Increase Mather)

(29) To put down this effort, colonial forces established a screening and deportation camp at Langata, clearing out the entire native population from the capital. In the early stages of this effort, the assassination of Waruhiu allowed (+) Evelyn Baring to declare a State of Emergency, which included mass arrests in Operation Jock Scott. The arrested included (*) Bildad Kaggia and the other members of the Kapenguria Six, who were accused of drinking human blood in a ritual oath. This effort essentially ended after Dedan Kimathi was captured and killed. For the points, name this 1950s-era, Kikuyu-led revolt against the British in Kenya.

Mau Mau Rebellion (or Uprising, Revolt, etc.) Page 7 NHBB Nationals Bee 2016-2017 Bee Final Round - Varsity

(7) Sailors aboard this ship launched an expedition to Corn Hill, which was then looted, according to Nathaniel Philbrick. On one voyage, this ship was forced to abandon the leaking Speedwell. Passengers aboard this ship included the captain Christopher Jones, military advisor Myles Standish, and future governor William Bradford. For ten points, name this ship that landed at Plymouth Rock, carrying the first pilgrims to the New World in 1620.

Mayflower

(3) This man was sentenced to death for his role in a prison break at Wadi el Natroun. He rose to his highest position when he beat Ahmed Shafik in an election. The National Salvation Front opposed this man, who (+) awarded himself unlimited constitutional powers and was then replaced by the military with the transitional leader Adly Mansour. This leader of the (*) Freedom and Justice Party was deposed in a 2013 coup by the current president Abdul al-Sisi. For ten points, name this member of the Muslim Brotherhood and successor of Hosni Mubarak as leader of Egypt.

Mohamed Morsi

(7) In this city, Operation Wotan was launched in an attempt to break the Mozhaisk defense line. Fedor von Bock attempted to capture this city shortly after the battles of Minsk and Smolensk. Though this city was besieged, Stalin ordered that the annual (+) Revolution Day parade be held regardless in order to raise morale. Operation Typhoon targeted this city, which was reinforced by Georgy Zhukov, who directed the (*) Victory Parade here. During the siege of this city, troops from Army Group Centre could reportedly see, but would not reach, the spires of the Kremlin. The Nazis did not capture, for ten points, what capital of the USSR?

Moscow

(10) Description acceptable. A key piece of evidence in this lawsuit was the "Porter Presentation," which supposedly made Pete Rozelle "physically ill." Though the plaintiff in this case was awarded victory, the jury only awarded damages of one dollar, which was tripled because the case involved antitrust law. In the aftermath of this case, Donald Trump's New Jersey Generals and other teams suspended operations. For ten points, name this lawsuit filed by the USFL against its primary competitor, which was found to have created an anti-competitive business environment.

NFL monopoly case (accept United States Football League v. National Football League, or USFL v. NFL, or descriptions of "the USFL's lawsuit," before USFL is named; accept antitrust for monopoly before antitrust is mentioned; prompt on "the NFL's lawsuit" and similar) Page 2 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2016-2017 Bowl Round 10 Second Quarter

(3) The Twenty-Six Martyrs were crucified in this city in 1597 for being Christians. The fan-shaped island of Dejima in this city's harbor was the only trading post where foreigners could trade during the sakoku period. Kokura was the original target for one attack on this city, but cloud cover led to this city being targeted instead. Charles Sweeney commanded the B-29 Superfortress Bockscar that devastated this city on August 9, 1945. For ten points, name this Japanese city that was attacked with the "Fat Man" bomb, the second atomic bombing of World War II.

Nagasaki BONUS: Rangaku, or "learning" from what country, became popular due to contact with foreign traders from this country in Nagasaki? ANSWER: The Netherlands (or "Dutch learning"; accept Holland)

(32) This man launched the Agroville program to relocate rural citizens to urban centers. The US State Department issued Cable 243, greenlighting the way for an army coup against this man, though he had earlier worked with the US in the (+) Strategic Hamlet Program. His tenure was guided by the "Third Force" of "personalism," the ideology behind his Can Lao party. Ambassador Henry (*) Cabot Lodge turned on this man after he ordered a raid on Xa Loi [sha loy] Pagoda. Thich Quang Duc [tih kwang dook] self-immolated during large-scale Buddhist protests against, for the points, what first president of the Republic of Vietnam who was assassinated in 1963?

Ngo Dinh Diem (or Ngo Dinh Diem)

(9) In an attack on this man's work, Innocent Gentillet blamed this man for causing the St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre. Voltaire edited and attempted to suppress work by Frederick the Great attacking this man, who drew some of his ideas from the (+) Orti Oricellari, and Rousseau argued that this man satirized one-man rule in a work that often appears with his made-up biography of Castruccio Castracane. This man idolized (*) Cesare Borgia in a work that claims it is better to be feared than loved. For ten points, name this Florentine thinker, who wrote The Prince

Niccol´o Machiavelli Page 11 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2016-2017 Bowl Playoff Packet 5

(2) This man's plots were exposed by the defection of his former spy chief, Ion Pacepa. An uprising against this man began when he attempted to evict pastor Laszlo Tokes from his home. This man fought declining birth rates by banning abortions in Decree 770, which was enforced by his Securitate secret police. After trying to escape an anti-communist revolution by helicopter, this man and his wife Elena were executed by a firing squad on Christmas Day in 1989. For the point, name this dictator of communist Romania.

Nicolae Ceausescu [chow-chess-koo]

) (3) In a Nikos Kazantzakis novel, this figure meets Vladimir Lenin, Don Quixote and Jesus before sailing to Antarctica. According to another work, this hero and Diomedes jump Dolon at night to extract military information; before going off to fight, this man's son is thrown in front of a plow to prove his sanity. The plot of a wooden horse is devised by, for ten points, what king of Ithaca and clever hero of the Trojan War whose trip home is described in a Homeric epic?

Odysseus (accept Ulysses BONUS: In his early career, this Roman politician told Polybius to stop acting so much like Odysseus; as it was an early speech, it differs from this man's later speeches and does not end with the declaration "Carthago delenda est." ANSWER: Cato the Elder (accept Cato the Censor, the Wise, or the Ancient; prompt on (Marcus Porcius) Cato; do not accept Cato the Younger) Page 3 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2016-2017 Bowl Round 8

(1) During the Depression, this state sold the rights to its Spiro Mounds to artifact-hunters. The 1898 Curtis Act expropriated millions of acres of land in this state. In an 1887 election, one region of this state was to become the state of Cimarron. After the passage of the Indian Removal Act of 1830, members of the Five Civilized Tribes were moved to territory in this modern-day state. The "Boomers" and "Sooners" settled, for the point, what Great Plains state heavily struck by the Dust Bowl near cities like Tulsa?

Oklahoma

(6) A November 2015 book about this policy noted how it was primarily formulated by rocket engineers. This policy led to creation of a group of "black" individuals who could not receive education or health care services. The "4-2-1" problem was created by this policy, which also led to the phenomenon of "little emperors." This policy exacerbated the use of sex-selective abortions in the country where it was enacted, leading to an excess of over 30 million males. For ten points, name this policy which limited births in China until 2015.

One Child Policy

(6) Description acceptable. This controversy was ended by a treaty negotiated by Earl Aberdeen and Richard Pakenham. William Allen coined a phrase associated with this controversy that referred to an agreement signed in St. Petersburg in 1824. This conflict partly resulted from the American establishment of Fort Astoria, which threatened Hudson's Bay Company dominion over the Columbia River. The phrase "Fifty Four Forty or Fight" was used in, for ten points, what conflict revolving around ownership of the Pacific Northwest?

Oregon boundary dispute (accept Oregon Question; accept equivalents; accept any description of debates, questions, etc. over the ownership of the Oregon Territory, and/or the Pacific Northwest before mentioned)

(5) The ships Goeben and Breslau were able to find haven in this nation's waters. The Treaty of Erzincan helped end one conflict that this nation entered after the Battle of Odessa. This nation, which lost control of Jerusalem to Edmund Allenby, was led by the Pashas Enver and Talaat. The Treaties of Sevres and Lausanne brought an end to this empire. It faced a revolt in the Hejaz led by T.E. Lawrence and it perpetrated the Armenian Genocide. For ten points, name this empire that joined with the Central Powers in World War I, then dissolved after its defeat.

Ottoman Empire BONUS: The Ottoman Empire had earlier attempted to curb its decline with this series of reforms that removed the millet system. This term literally means "reorganization." ANSWER: Tanzimat

(36) Description acceptable. This speech derides a woman who "believes that 12-year-olds should have the right to sue their parents" after glorifying a previous time when the "Gipper was at the helm." This speech laments the promised (+) "unrestricted abortion on demand" that the Democratic ticket would provide and frames the upcoming election of (*) 1992 as part of an attempt to win "the soul of America." For the points, name this speech about the clash between traditional and progressive ideals, given at the Republican Nomination Convention in 1992 by Pat Buchanan.

Pat Buchanan's Culture War Speech (accept answers that use the phrase Culture War; accept descriptions of Pat Buchanan's RNC speech before "Pat" is read; prompt on partial answers)

(5) During a bout of mental instability, this leader abdicated in favour of his son Louis I, but retook the throne after Louis' death less than a year later. Attempts to retake parts of Italy by this ruler's minister Giulio Alberoni led to his defeat by the War of the Quadruple Alliance. Despite the objections of Archduke Charles of Austria, this ruler ended up succeeding the last Habsburg Charles II. For ten points, name this first Bourbon King of Spain, whose rise to the throne was the subject of the War of Spanish Succession.

Philip V of Spain BONUS: The War of the Quadruple Alliance was ended by a treaty signed in this city. The Nine Years War was ended by a treaty that was signed nearby at Ryswick. ANSWER: The Hague [or Den Haag] Page 4 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2015-2016 Bowl Round 10

(7) This work was appended by the essay "General Scholium," in which its author claimed that he did not pretend to know things he didn't know, a concept now called hypotheses non fingo. This work drew extensively on the observations of John Flamsteed, which was used to study Kepler's laws. The three-body problem was explored in this work, which attempts to explain the motion of the Moon under the gravity of the Earth and the Sun. Its insights include a law that states that force equals mass times acceleration. For ten points, name this work that states the law of gravitation and the laws of motion, written by Isaac Newton.

Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica BONUS: Newton was accused of stealing ideas from what physicist, who, as a biologist, also coined the word "cell"? ANSWER: Robert Hooke

(8) This mountain was depicted on series of coins minted by Clark, Gruber, and Co. A cog railway runs to the summit of this peak from the town of Man tou Springs, and Edwin (+) James was the first person known to reach its summit. Cherry Creek was the center of a gold rush sometimes named for this mountain, which brought "fifty-niners" to settle the Front Range. (*) Katharine Lee Bates was inspired to write "America the Beautiful" after viewing the Great Plains from the top of this mountain. For ten points, name this mountain that overlooks Colorado Springs and is named for an explorer whose first name was Zebulon.

Pike's Peak

(2) This country annexed the Zaolzie region from its southern neighbor in 1938, and the Kashubian people live in its region of Pomerelia. This nation's Recovered Territories include cities formerly known as Breslau and Stettin, and its current eastern border approximates the Curzon Line. Between the two World Wars, a namesake "corridor" gave this nation Baltic Sea access and separated East Prussia from the main body of Germany. For ten points, name this Eastern European nation whose capital is Warsaw.

Poland BONUS: The Potsdam Conference established this line, which mostly follows a pair of namesake rivers, as Poland's western border with Germany following World War II. ANSWER: Oder Neisse Line

(16) A member of the House of Burgundy, Henry, enlarged this kingdom by merging it with the County of Coimbra. This kingdom was founded by V´ımara Peres as a county of Leon. Its King Sebastian "the Desired" died at the Battle of Alc´acer Quibir while fighting the Moroccans; in 1415, this country defeated the Moroccans to capture a city they no longer control, Ceuta [thay ooh tah]. The Treaty of Windsor allied this kingdom with England, beginning the longest currently active alliance. For the point, name this country, once ruled by the House of Aviz, that was responsible for early European exploration efforts.

Portugal

(1) This colony suffered the Plundering Time, which ended shortly before William Stone was appointed governor. The so-called "last battle of the English Civil War" took place in this colony as Captain William Fuller successfully led Commonwealth troops in the Battle of the Severn. This colony, settled by pilgrims aboard the Ark and Dove, passed a 1649 Toleration Act, despite the Catholic faith of its founders. For ten points, name this colony founded by Cecil Calvert, who had the title of Lord Baltimore.

Province of Maryland

(34) Daniel Horsmanden led trials after this colony's supposed Negro Insurrection of 1741. Timothy Ruggles chaired an organization in this colony that passed the Declaration of Rights and Grievances protesting the 1765 Stamp Act. Governor Francis (+) Nicholson fled this colony due to a rebellion led by Jacob Leisler. Prior to becoming an English colony, it was led by Peter (*) Stuyvesant, who oversaw the building of Broad Street in its largest city. For the point, name this American colony whose largest city served as national capital under the Constitution, preceding Philadelphia and Washington, D.C.

Province of New York Page 8 NHBB Nationals Bee 2015-2016 Bee Playoff Round 1

(9) In this territory, Manuel Rojas led the Grito de Lares uprising against Spanish rule. In 1950, Blanca Canales burned a post office in Jayuya during an anti-American uprising. Oscar Collazo and Griselio Torresola attempted to kill President Truman in an effort to raise awareness of this territory's independence movement. For ten points, name this American commonwealth where, in 2012, only 5% of citizens voted for becoming an independent country with capital San Juan, instead suggesting that it become the 51st state.

Puerto Rico

(8) The Retaliation was the only ship captured by one side in this war, while the other side captured the Vengeance and Insurgent. This conflict was ended with the Treaty of Mortefontaine and triggered by Minister Talleyrand's demand of a bribe during the XYZ Affair. George Washington was re-commissioned into the Army in preparation for, for ten points, what undeclared naval war between France and the United States during the Adams Administration?

Quasi-War

(18) After a 2015 papal visit, this leader launched into a foul-mouthed tirade about traffic congestion. This leader threatened to withdraw from the UN in favor of an alliance with African nations and China, shortly before he told Barack Obama to "go to hell" over the topic of human rights abuses. This former mayor of Davao City has been criticized for condoning extrajudicial killings of suspected drug peddlers and addicts. For the point, name the current president of the Philippines.

Rodrigo Duterte

(3) A woman with this married surname was appointed as the first female director of the U.S. mint in 1933. Edmund, man with this surname, cast the decisive vote that acquitted Andrew Johnson of impeachment charges. (+) Nellie, the aforementioned woman with this married surname, served as the first female governor in Wyoming. A person with this last name supposedly convinced George (*) Washington to adopt a five-pointed star instead of a six-pointed star on a symbol of American independence. For ten points, identify this surname of flag maker Betsy.

Ross (accept Nellie Tayloe Ross; accept Edmund Ross; accept Betsy Ross

(7) This man was targeted by Dawa Party members in a 1982 assassination attempt; in its aftermath, he ordered hundreds of thousands of acres of date palm orchards razed and signed execution orders for 148 people. This head of state and his cousin oversaw the al-Anfal, or the "Spoils of War" campaign, a genocide in which five thousand people were killed by a gas attack in Halabja. This leader was captured in Tikrit in 2003 and hanged for crimes against humanity in 2006. For ten points, name this cousin of "Chemical Ali" and former dictator of Iraq.

Saddam Hussein (prompt on Saddam alone) BONUS: Saddam Hussein's trial essentially ignored the Halabja gas attack and primarily focused on this war crime, his execution of 148 Shiites involved in the aforementioned 1982 assassination attempt. This massacre is named for the Shiite town where that attempt took place. ANSWER: Dujail Massacre

(9) At the first Council of Nicaea, this man legendarily struck Arius across the face. Every May 9, this man's tomb in Bari is harvested for its holy manna, a clear oil. This saint, nicknamed "the wonderworker," gave a poor man three gold balls as dowries for his daughters while this man served as the Bishop of Myra. At the beginning of Advent, this saint's feast day commemorates his habit of putting coins in children's shoes and giving gifts. For ten points, name this patron saint of children, immortalized as Santa Claus.

Saint Nicholas (accept Nikolaos of Myra; accept Santa Claus or Sinterklaus before "Santa Claus" is read) Page 2 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2016-2017 Bowl Playoff Packet 2

(1) This empire defeated the Thracian armies of Lysimachus at the Battle of Corupedium. One ruler of this empire defeated Antigonus the One-Eyed at the Battle of Ipsus and gained the nickname Nicanor, or "victor." This empire's founder was given Babylonia at the Partition of Triparadisus. This empire's forces lost the Battle of Raphia to the nearby Ptolemaic kingdom while led by Antiochus the Great. For the point, name this Diadochi kingdom that ruled the eastern part of Alexander's empire after his death.

Seleucid Empire

(11) During this conflict, one side fired on Hugh Wheeler's surrendered troops prior to perpetrating a massacre at the House of the Ladies. The Doctrine of Lapse fueled tensions prior to this conflict, whose immediate cause was the arrest of Mangal Pandey. The notoriously bloody Siege of Cawnpore took place during this event, which was triggered by a new Enfield cartridge that used animal fats as grease, thus offending both Hindus and Muslims. For the point, name this 1857 uprising that led to direct British rule in India.

Sepoy Mutiny (or Sepoy Rebellion Revolt, etc.; accept Indian Rebellion of 1857 or similar until "1857" is read)

(33) A woman from this family captured and held Castel Sant'Angelo against the College of Cardinals while seven months pregnant and was captured while fighting Cesare Borgia. In addition to Caterina, the "Lion of Forl´ı," another member of this family served as a condotierro for (+) Filip Maria Visconti before betraying the Golden Ambrosian Republic to attain his highest position. Another member of this family commissioned (*) da Vinci's Last Supper and was known as Il Moro. Francesco and Ludovico belonged to, for the points, what ducal family that ruled Milan?

Sforza family

(6) This man instructed his warriors to sing an enemy victory chant to lure out his opponent's defenses in the final defeat of his rival, Zwide [zwee day]. This leader instructed his troops to envelop enemies while attacking in a "buffalo horns" formation and introduced the tactic of offensive shield hooking while using a shorter, stabbing spear called the iklwa. Dingane [din gah nay] helped assassinate this chieftain in 1828. For ten points, name this early leader of the Zulu kingdom.

Shaka Zulu (or Shaka kaSenzangakhona)

(36) Though it is not Transylvania, a voivoideship in this region was granted control of Teschen and Ratibor in the 1920s. Mojmir I established the Great Moravian Empire in this region, and after a conflict in this region, the Duke of (+) Brunswick surrendered Breslau to Charles of Lorraine. Germans were expelled from this region after World War II, when it was awarded to (*) Poland. The Pragmatic Sanction failed to prevent an invasion of, for the point, what mineral rich region, contested by Maria Theresa and Frederick the Great?

Silesia

(18) Alleged communist supporters from Nanyang University in this city were rounded up during Operation Coldstore. Marina Bay is part of this city's "CBD", or Central Business District. Located directly south of Johor Bahru, this city's layout was mapped in the Jackson Plan following Hussein Shah's sale of this city to Stamford Raffles. In March 2015, NUS University in this city played host to the state funeral of founder Lee Kuan Yew. For the point, name this city-state located on the southern tip of the Malaysian Peninsula.

Singapore

(1) After losing sight of the Swan during a storm, this man accused the captain Thomas Doughty of witchcraft and had him executed. On one raid, this man captured the Manila galleon Cacafuego and discovered California, christening the land "Nova Albion." This man boasted of "singeing the beard of the king of Spain" after surprising the Spanish Armada at Cadiz. For the point, name this English captain of the Golden Hind who completed the second circumnavigation of the globe.

Sir Francis Drake

(13) According to a false legend, the first person in this position was responsible for German not becoming an official language of the United States; that man was Frederick Muhlenberg. Dan Webster received nine protest votes for this position in 2015, while Colin Powell received one vote, as the Constitution allows this Congressional position to be held by someone who is not a member of Congress. In 2016, a former holder of this position, Dennis Hastert, was accused of sexual misconduct. For the point, name this political position, currently held by Paul Ryan, which sets Agenda in the lower house of Congress.

Speaker of the House of Representatives

(20) After recovering from cancer, this scientist published an article in Discover titled "The Median Isn't the Message," an inspiration to many cancer patients. This scientist wrote a 1981 book about the history of intelligence, to which he later included a forward criticizing (+) The Bell Curve. This author of "The Mismeasure of Man" and "The Panda's Thumb" worked with a (*) paleontologist from Columbia to developed a theory of evolution characterized by rapid changes followed by periods of stability. For the points, name this paleontologist who, along with Niles Eldredge, proposed the theory of punctuated equilibrium.

Stephen Jay Gould Page 5 NHBB Nationals Bee 2016-2017 Bee Final Round - Varsity

(27) The documentary Ecstasy of Order discusses the 2010 World Championship in this event. Its accompanying music includes arrangements of Bach's French Suite No. 3 and the folk song Korobeiniki. T-spins are commonly used in this game, which shipped over 35 million copies with the original Game Boy. Alexei Pajitnov designed, but the Soviet government claimed the royalties to, for the point, what puzzle video game in which falling blocks are arranged to complete and clear horizontal lines?

Tetris

(2) The central portion of this region is characterized by a "ridge and slough" landscape, and the prehistoric Mud Lake Canal was built here. The Calusa people once lived in this region, which is bordered on the southwest by the (+) Ten Thousand Islands. Marjory Stoneman Douglas fought for the (*) preservation of this region, which was used as an isolated refuge by a couple hundred Native Americans after their defeat in the Third Seminole War. Big Cypress National Preserve and a namesake national park are both part of, for the points, what "river of grass," a large wetlands in south Florida?

The Everglades (prompt on Florida before mentioned)

(17) In a parody of this literary work, Ernest Crosby wrote about places with "no cheerful iron mills" or "department stores." This text tells people to be done with "the lightly proffered laurel." Both clergyman H.T. Johnson and journalist E.D. Morel wrote responses to this poem that changed one word in its title. Published with the subtitle "The (+) United States and the Philippine Islands," this poem begins with lines saying "send forth the (*) best ye breed" and exhorts the listener to "take up" the title entity. For the point, name this Rudyard Kipling poem frequently used to support imperialism.

The White Man's Burden

(9) An eagle led Cimon to this mythical figure's grave. He became the ruler of Eleusis after killing the former king Cercyon in a wrestling match. He met his end after being thrown off a cliff by King Lycomedes. The descendants of this figure supposedly had smaller buttocks after he escaped the Chair of Forgetfulness, but he had to leave his friend Pirithous behind in the underworld. For the point, name this mythical king of Athens who used Ariadne's string to escape the Labyrinth after slaying the Minotaur.

Theseus

(6) This event was investigated by a commission headed by the president of Dartmouth, John Kemeny. When this event was politicized by Jane Fonda, Edward Teller wrote a Wall Street Journal article claiming that the heart attack he suffered the next day made him the "only victim of" it. Governor Dick Thornburgh ordered an evacuation within five miles of this event, which was mitigated by the SCRAM emergency protocol when faulty valves caused steam generators to not receive enough water. For ten points, name this Carter-era disaster in which a Pennsylvania reactor went into partial meltdown.

Three Mile Island nuclear accident (accept descriptions of the (partial) meltdown at Three Mile Island; prompt on descriptions that don't name the facility)

(9) During Operation Yellowbird, organizers of a protest at this location were spirited away to Hong Kong by CIA agents. Dissidents from the June Fourth movement were flushed out of this location by the troops of Deng Xiaoping [zhow-ping] during an event in which a man was photographed blocking the route of a tank. A portrait of Chairman Mao stands at the end of, for the point, what Beijing plaza south of the Forbidden City, the site of infamously-suppressed student demonstrations in 1989?

Tiananmen Square (prompt on Beijing or China until "Beijing" is said; do not accept or prompt on Forbidden City)

(35) A report titled "On the True Nature of the Turmoil" claimed that people in this location were terrorists. Over 400 leaders of an event at this location were rescued by Operation Yellowbird. 50,000 people marched to this location to participate in the memorial service for Hu Yaobang centered around the Monument to People's Heroes. In 1989, students protested here against the government of Deng Xiaoping, and a photograph was taken at this location showing one man standing in front of a line of tanks. For the point, name this city square in the center of Beijing.

Tiananmen Square (prompt on Beijing) Page 7 NHBB Nationals Bee 2016-2017 Bee Round 6 Extra Question Only read if moderator botches a question.

(7) The massacre of Chumik Shenko occurred in this region during an expedition led by Francis Younghusband, and the battle of Chemdo forced one leader of this region to flee from Potala Palace. This region became "autonomous" after a 17 point agreement, and the Simla convention set its southern boundary at the MacMahon Line. Tenzin Gyatso was forced to flee this region when it was conquered by the People's Liberation Army. For the point, name this mountainous region under Chinese administration and led in exile by the Dalai Lama.

Tibet (accept Tibet(an) Autonomous Region)

(22) A photo of a girl with her nose cut off captioned "What Happens if We Leave Afghanistan" was featured on the cover of one issue of this magazine. The inaugural issue of this magazine featured Speaker of the House Joseph (+) Cannon on his last day in office. This magazine controversially darkened O.J. Simpson's mugshot. "The Inheritor," "The Peacemakers," and "the (*) Ebola fighters" have been recognized by an annual award that this magazine also gave to "You" in 2006. For the point, name this American magazine that names an annual "Person of the Year."

Time

(13) In honor of the defending champion, the late Payne Stewart, the 2000 iteration of this event began with a 21-drive salute into the Pacific Ocean; that iteration of this event was the most lopsided in its history, with a champion at 12-under and runner-up at 3-over. Phil Mickelson has finished second in this event six times, including at Bethpage Black twice. Jordan Spieth followed his 2015 Masters championship two months later by winning this event, whose final round is traditionally played on Father's Day. For the point, name this major golf tournament that precedes the British Open and PGA Championship.

U.S. Open (prompt on the Open)

(6) At the first of these events, partic pant was described as "hatchet man" after declaring that 1.6 million Amer cans had been killed in "Democrat wars." At later one of these events, the opening statement "Who am (+) I? Why am I here?" was given by Admiral James Stockdale. A participant in another of these events said "that was really uncalled for, Senator" after being told, (*) "you're no Jack Kennedy." For ten points, name these televised events that have been contested between Bob Dole and Walter Mondale, Lloyd Bentsen and Dan Quayle, and more recently, Tim Kaine and Mike Pence.

Vice Pres dential debates (accept descriptive answers; prompt on "debate;" do not prompt on Presidential debate)

(4) The failure of this bill inspired a manifesto, addressed "To the Supporters of the Government," denouncing a president's "dictatorial usurpation" of a state. An exception for positions "merely ministerial" and "military offices below the grade of colonel" was made in this bill's 14th section, which stripped citizenship from certain Confederate officers. An ironclad oath was required by, for ten points, what proposed Reconstruction bill, far stricter than a preferred ten-percent plan, that Abraham Lincoln pocket vetoed in 1864?

Wade Davis Bill of 1864 (do not accept mentions of an Act or Law, because it didn't pass) BONUS: Co-sponsor Benjamin Wade was a senator from this state, which was also the home state of John Sherman and William McKinley. ANSWER: Ohio

(1) Judge John Sirica tried to make legal progress in this scandal by sentencing Howard Hunt to 40 years in prison. This event was investigated by the Ervin Committee. Egil Krogh and (+) Gordon Liddy were among the "Plumbers" who were arrested in this event and who were tied via a slush fund to a Committee to Re-Elect the (*) President. Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein's investigation of this event was aided by Deep Throat. For ten points, name this scandal that began with a break-in at a Washington, D.C. hotel that eventually led to Richard Nixon's resignation.

Watergate BONUS: The "Bread and Roses" textile strike took place in what New England state's city of Lawrence, near Andover? ANSWER: Massachusetts

(7) This man suffered a serious setback when his subordinate, Walter Thiel, was killed and his workplace destroyed during Operation Hydra. This member of the Peenem¨unde group was lauded in propaganda for creating new (+) "wunderwaffes" [voon-der-vah-fehs] by Joseph Goebbels. After the war, this man was headquartered in Huntsville, as Operation (*) Paperclip brought him to the United States. The phrase "I aim for the stars but, sometimes, I hit London" was used to mock, for ten points, what German rocket scientist who developed the V-2?

Wernher Von Braun

(8) Unity College in Maine currently owns and uses a set of solar panels that this building had installed in the 1970s. For "exercise and amusement" at this location, a billiards table was controversially purchased for $61 in 1825. In 2011, a resident of this location started homebrewing a Honey Ale, using honey from beehives on the South Lawn. After learning that they would move to this location, Malia and Sasha got a new dog, Bo. For ten points, name this residence at 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue whose occupants have included Jimmy Carter and Barack Obama.

White House Second Quarter

(32) In one depiction, this man smokes a cigarette as he stands next to a box reading "In counting there is strength." In another depiction, this man cannot fit in the "City Jail" as a caption reads "stone walls do not a prison make." This person is depicted an obese vulture in a drawing captioned "Let Us (+) Prey" and as a man with a money bag for a head in an engraving titled "The Brains." Officials in Vigo, Spain, arrested him because they recognized his (*) depictions in Harper's Weekly. For the point, name this "boss" of Tammany Hall's political machine, frequently assailed by cartoonist Thomas Nast.

William "Boss" Tweed

(27) An allegorical novel by this author casts Jesus as Corporal Stefan, a French officer in World War I who refuses to order an attack and is thus executed for treason. An appendix to a novel by this author chronicles the central family's story from 1699 to 1945 and describes the life of their African-American servant Dilsey with the phrase "They endured." In the second of four sections of a book by this writer, Quentin commits suicide while at Harvard. For the point, name this author of A Fable who wrote about the Compson family in The Sound and the Fury

William Faulkner

(6) This man won re-election in 1935 with the slogan "[this man] or Chaos." While working with the Rockefeller Foundation, this man wrote the book Industry and Humanity. This man's reputation was tarnished after it was uncovered that his government had accepted $700,000 from the (+) Beauharnois [boh-arn-wah] Company in exchange for permission to change the course of the St. Lawrence River. During a political scandal, Arthur (*) Meighen was invited to form a government after this man's request for dissolving Parliament was denied by Lord Byng. For ten points, name this Canadian Prime Minister during much of the Great Depression and World War II.

William Lyon Mackenzie King

(1) Wilson Lumpkin pardoned the plaintiff in this case. This case concerned a colleague of Elias Boudinot, with whom the plaintiff established a newspaper known as a certain people's "Phoenix." The ruling in this case noted a lack of (+) jurisdiction but, unlike similar rulings, did not instruct federal marshals to enforce it; as a result, the President supposedly cried that the (*) Chief Justice "has made his decision; now let him enforce it!" For ten points, name this 1832 Supreme Court case, strongly opposed by Andrew Jackson, that struck down a Georgia state law banning non-Native Americans from residing on reservation lands.

Worcester v. Georgia

(29) A treaty ending this war called for the creation of the United Baltic Duchy. A major and rare success for one country in this war was the Brusilov Offensive, which targeted Galicia. That country suffered two disastrous defeats during this war at the First Battle of the Masurian Lakes and Tannenberg. One power withdrew from this war at the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk. For the point, name this war that Russia withdrew from after being taken over by the Bolsheviks, after it fought with Britain and France against Imperial Germany.

World War I (accept the Great War)

(21) A man who committed a crime during this event became the only client of Clarence Darrow ever to receive the death penalty. Carter Harrison was assassinated by Eugene (+) Prendergast near the end of this event. A 2003 book by Erik Larson chronicles this event, during which (*) H.H. Holmes occupied a building dubbed the "Castle" and serially murdered several women. The first Ferris Wheel, an illuminated pyramid, and the White City were built for, for the points, what global exhibition held in Chicago?

World's Columbian Exposition (or the 1893 World's Fair; prompt on World's Fair; prompt on Chicago World's Fair, accepting answers that differentiate it from the 1933 Chicago World's Fair)

(7) In 2013, this leader declared that youth should "dare to dream" and "contribute to the revitalization of the nation." In 2012, this leader wrote the Eight Point Regulations, which called for making the party "closer to the masses." After taking office in 2013, this leader launched a massive anti-corruption campaign, vowing to crack down on the "tigers and flies" and arresting Xu Caihou and Zhou Yongkang. For ten points, name this current Paramount leader of China.

Xi Jinping

(10) In one work, Thomas Carlyle cites how this statement's speaker could be met with "silence and abashed looks" after saying it. This statement's speaker apparently contradicted this statement on his deathbed, noting that while he is "going away," a certain entity "will always remain." This statement was probably a fabrication by opponents of its speaker. For ten points, name this statement that may or may not have been said by Louis XIV in a demonstration of his absolutist power.

am the state (or L'´etat, c'est moi; accept close translations along the lines of myself am the nation Page 2 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2016-2017 Bowl Round 4 Second Quarter

(28) A document designed to do this function was created in the Decretem Glasianum, which was later replaced by the Tridentine Index. Voltaire idolized England for its comparative lack of this function, which in France was liberally overseen by (+) Lamoignon de Malesherbes. Amsterdam and Geneva became major distributing centers of objects subject to this action. The (*) Catholic Church performed this action on objects on the Index Librorum Prohibitum, consisting mostly of immoral or heretical material. For the points, name this suppression of speech, usually done by banning books.

censorship (accept word forms and elaborations, such as censoring books or banning books; prompt on descriptions of suppressing speech that don't describe bans of written or published material)

(1) One of these vehicles was the focal point of the Revolt of the Lashes; that vehicle triggered competition between the ABC nations in South America and was named after Minas Gerais. A plan to obtain more of these objects was proposed by (+) Alfred von Tirpitz in Germany. Jacky Fisher proposed the creation of the first of these vehicles, which were limited in size by the Treaty of (*) Washington and which fought in the Battle of Jutland. For ten points, name this class of large, "all big-gun" ships that dominated the early 20th century, named for a British Royal Navy battleship.

dreadnoughts (prompt on more general answers, like battleships or ships until each is read; do not accept or prompt other specific types of ships, like carrier, destroyer, etc.)

(6) Since 2000, a staggering 46 of these events have occurred during Liverpool's Grand National. In 2008, Eight Belles finished second to Big Brown, then suffered this fate due to cannon and sesamoid fractures. Two years earlier, a case of laminitis stemming from a leg injury suffered at Pimlico in Baltimore led to another of these events, though it occurred months after the Preakness Stakes. For ten points, name this athletic tragedy that befell Kentucky Derby winner Barbaro after shattering his right hind leg.

euthanization (or other synonyms for death) of a racehorse

(8) On the way to this event, the victim was given book of psalms by Henry Edgeworth. A pub cation called the Daily Thermometer claimed that the victim of this event exclaimed "I am lost!" Antoine Joseph Santerre hastened this event by calling (+) drumroll, drowning out its victim's speech. Charles-Henri Sanson carried out this event, one and a half years after its victim was recognized by Jean-Bapiste Drouet during the (*) flight to Varennes and nine months before its victim's wife suffered the same fate. The guillotine was employed in, for ten points, what 1793 killing of a French monarch?

ex cution of Louis XVI [16] (accept equivalents for execution, including beheading killing, etc.; prompt on partial answers) Page 10 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2016-2017 Bowl Round 10 Extra Question Only read if you need a backup or tiebreaker!

(2) One performer of this instrument wrote the Hohenfriedberger March to celebrate victory in the Second Silesian War. This is the first instrument to play the melody in Ravel's Bolero, and a solo near the low end of its range opens Debussy's Prelude to the Afternoon of a Faun. A treatise on playing this instrument was written by Johann Quantz, who taught Frederick the Great. For ten points, name this transverse woodwind instrument whose higher-pitched relatives include the fife and piccolo.

flute

(6) Although not the unconscious, Cote and Levine studied the "collective" form of this concept. It was broken down into 8 separate challenges by a psychologist who wrote biographies of Mohandas Gandhi and Martin Luther focused on this concept. Stages of this psychological concept, which include autonomy vs. shame and industry vs. inferiority, were included in Erik Erikson's model of it. For ten points, name this psychological concept of one's self, which can experience a namesake "crisis."

identity BONUS: This Roman politician experienced one of history's first recorded identity crises upon crying while looking at a statue of Alexander the Great at the age of 31. ANSWER: Gaius Julius Caesar Page 4 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2016-2017 Bowl Round 10

(30) In 1921, the U.S. issued an apology for their role in this event; that apology came with a twenty five million dollar payment and a requirement to promote a Standard Oil pipeline. This event was aided by John Hubbard, who used the (+) Nashville to hold up an opposing army in the town of Colon. In this event, Dr. Tom´as (*) Herr´an's diplomatic work was discarded when his country failed to immediately ratify a treaty, and the U.S. signed the subsequent Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty. For the points, name this 1903 event in which a Central American country, supported by American pro-canal interests, broke away from its South American parent country.

independence of Panama (or the separation of Panama from Colombia; accept descriptive answers; prompt on descriptions of the breakup of (Gran) Colombia) Page 7 NHBB Nationals Bee 2016-2017 Bee Playoff Round 2

(7) The three stratum and CHC the ries were formulated in the late 20th century to explain this concept. This trait's "crystallized" form typ cally increases with age, while its "fluid" form tends to decrease. Raven's Progressive Matrices and the (+) Wason four-card test are used to evaluate this trait, which was first studied in a psychological sense by Alfred (*) Binet [bin ay] in 1905. The Flynn effect quantifies the general rise of this quantity in society over time. For ten points, name this concept, the ability to process information and solve problems, often measured and reported via a "quotient" after taking a test.

intel gence (accept IQ or intel gence quotient)

(14) A book titled for this thing claims that barbarian peoples deserve nothing but obedience to "an Akbar or a Charlemagne, if they are so fortunate." In an essay tracing totalitarianism to Rousseau's support of the (+) "positive" type of this thing, Oxford scholar Isaiah Berlin distinguished "Two Concepts of" it. 13 years after The Road to Serfdom, Friedrich von Hayek wrote about The Constitution of this concept. This thing also titles a book arguing that the (*) "harm principle" should be the only restriction on it in civil affairs. For the point, name this absence of repression or restrictions on conduct, a type of political license that titles an 1859 book by John Stuart Mill.

liberty (or On Liberty; do not accept "freedom" or any synonyms)

(25) John Sheehan was the first scientist to perform a chemical synthesis of this compound after Dorothy Hodgkin determined its structure. This compound, which has a beta-lactam ring at its center, inhibits the cross-linking synthesis of cell walls in bacteria. Its discover shared the Nobel Prize with Florey and Chain for their work on mass producing this compound during World War II. For the point, name this antibiotic discovered in mold in 1928 by Alexander Fleming.

penicillin

(7) One work in this medium was paired with a verse calling the depicted figure a "Brobdingnagian Bagman." Bags of money are rolled up a man's tongue in an Honor´e Daumier work in this medium. A man straddles the continent of Africa while holding up a telegraph line in one of these works. The subject of another work in this medium is called the "Brains" for winning the Rochester National Convention and has his head replaced with a sack of money. Boss Tweed was often satirized by Thomas Nast in, for ten points, what type of editorial artwork?

polit cal cartoons (prompt on partial answers)

(23) These entities were allowed to be annexed by the Doctrine of Lapse. The rulers of these entities were entitled to receive a government allowance known as the (+) privy purse, and the most powerful examples of these entities were known as "salute states" because their rulers were entitled to a gun salute. A few of these states refused to give up this status in (*) 1947 and had to be invaded, including Hyderabad and Kalat. For the points, name these monarchical states where the British gave local Indian rulers control.

princely state (or native state; prompt on descriptions of states in India and/or the British Raj)

(5) The Wood Green plot was a terrorist attempt to attack the London Underground using this substance. In 2013, this substance was included in letters that read "Maybe I have your attention now even if that means someone must die" and "I am (+) KC and I approve this message"; those letters were later traced to former actress Shannon Richardson. A platinum-iridium pellet containing this substance was shot out of an umbrella gun to assassinate (*) Bulgarian dissident Georgi Markov. For ten points, name this toxin derived from the castor oil plant that was put in letters addressed to Barack Obama in April 2013.

ricin

(15) Forces from this European country were defeated by the Travancore Kingdom in the Battle of Colachel. This European power harassed enemy colonies in a policy whose name translates as the "Grand Design." The Amboyna Massacre was perpetrated by an organization based in this country whose emblem was the initials VOC. This country established the colony of Batavia, which later gained independence as part of Indonesia. For the point, name this home country of the first East India Company.

the Netherlands (or Holland; accept the Dutch East India Company)

(4) In propaganda poster published after this event, woman with outstretched arms holds out weapon underneath the caption "]Take Up the Sword of Justice." Broadway producer Charles Frohman was victim of this event, as was Alfred (+) Vanderbilt, who was last seen trying to save a mother and child. Captain William Turner survived being swept overboard during this event, which occurred eleven miles off the (*) Irish coast and took only 18 minutes. Walther Schwieger's U-boat caused, for ten points, what 1915 sinking of a British liner, an act of war that helped push the United States into World War I?

sinking of the RMS Lusitania (accept anything to do with an attack on the RMS Lusitania prompt on partial answers) Page 9 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2016-2017 Bowl Round 5

(10) Lawrence Veiller produced an exhibition named after these types of buildings. People are seen leaning their heads out of these types of buildings in a photo titled Bandit's Roost. These sorts of buildings, which were common in rookeries, often featured incredibly narrow airshafts between two of their "dumbbell" type. Jacob Riis took many photographs of these buildings, which were federally required by an 1867 act to have one toilet per twenty people. For the point, name these often poorly ventilated apartment complexes.

ten ments (prompt on apartment buildings and other generic terms before mentioned; do not accept or prompt on projects) Page 2 NHBB Nationals Bee 2016-2017 Bee Round 4

(1) Scott Weidensaul described the "first" version of this concept along the Eastern Seaboard. This concept titles a speech that notes "the problems are not all solved and the battles are not all won," and claims "we stand today on the edge of" a "New" version of this concept. The U.S. Census of 1890 was cited in a paper discussing the "Significance" of this concept "in American History" by University of Wisconsin historian Frederick Jackson Turner. John F. Kennedy described the 1960s as, for ten points, what idea, the area on the edge of settlement?

the American Frontier (accept First Frontier; accept New Frontier; accept Frontier thesis BONUS: JFK's aforementioned "New Frontier" speech was given for this occasion, which took place at the Memorial Coliseum in Los Angeles and was described by Norman Mailer's "Superman Comes to the Supermarket." ANSWER: 1960 Democratic National Convention (or 1960 DNC; accept descriptive answers of Kennedy accepting the Democratic nom nation for President, prompting on partial answers like "acceptance speech")

(5) Thomas Common's translation of this concept built upon George Bernard Shaw's translation and was opposed by Walter Kaufman, the most famous translator of works by this concept's author. The life-affirming nature of this concept is contrasted with the "last man" in one work. While not initially racially conceived, this concept was appropriated by the Nazis to represent the biologically superior Aryan race. For ten points, name this philosophic concept representing the pinnacle of mankind in the work of Friedrich Nietzsche.

the Ubermensch (accept superman Page 1 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2016-2017 Bowl Playoff Packet 1

(35) This commodity partially titles a historiography by Allan Kulikoff that argues that its production created a caste system, partially because it involved a gang system rather than a task system. Glasgow merchants who imported this commodity from the American colonies were referred to as its namesake "lords." This primary cash commodity of colonial Virginia and North Carolina was first commercially raised in North America by John Rolfe in the early 1600s. For the point, name this crop whose leaves are used to form cigars.

tobacco (accept Tobacco and Slaves; prompt on slaves before "Glasgow" is read) Page 7 NHBB Nationals Bee 2016-2017 Bee Round 4 Extra Question Only read if moderator botches a question.

(5) The publication of this work was preceded by a 9-page manuscript titled De motu corporum in gyrum which was sent to Edmund Halley. The author of this work added a section containing the line "I contrive no hypotheses" to the end of this work's second edition, referred to as the General Scholium. This work contains a proof of Kepler's empirically derived laws of planetary motion. For ten points, name this book that introduced the three laws of motion and the law of universal gravitation, written by Sir Isaac Newton.

(Philosophiae Naturalis) Principia Mathematica Page 1 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2016-2017 Bowl Round 10

(18) Part of this man is shown floating in a halo in a Symbolist painting by Gustave Moreau. Depictions of this man as an adult often show him wearing a robe of camel's hair, including one to the right of the central figure on the Ghent Altarpiece. With Jesus, this figure is the second infant in Leonardo's Virgin of the Rocks, and his decapitated head is sometimes shown on a silver platter being presented to Salome [sah low may] following his execution by Herod. For the point, name this Biblical figure, a cousin of Jesus who performed a ritual on him in the Jordan River.

(Saint) John the Baptist (or Yahya; prompt on (Saint) John)

(10) This man's support of the markka and native Finnish language led to his epithet of "The Good Tsar" in Finland. The Land and Liberty Society was formed in opposition to this ruler, who reorganized the Black Sea Fleet in response to Article 11 of the Paris Peace Treaty. Dmitry Milyutin reformed the military while serving this tsar, whose most impactful reform established the zemstvo system. The People's Will assassinated, for the point, what tsar of Russia who emancipated the serfs?

Alexander II (or Alexander Nikolaevich Page 2 NHBB Nationals Bee 2016-2017 Bee Round 6

(8) This battle was prompted by Pope Pius V's pleas to rescue Famagusta. Sebastiano Venier, a future Doge of Venice, rose to prominence after serving in the centre division of this battle alongside the flagship Real, a galley. The author of Don Quixote, Miguel de Cervantes, was wounded in this battle while fighting against the forces of Ali Pasha. For the point, name this 1571 battle in which Don Juan of Austria led the Holy League to victory over the Ottoman fleet.

Battle of Lepanto

(22) Michel Aoun's forces surrendered at this city's Presidential Palace but were executed in the October 13 massacre. Elie Hobeika's forces carried out the Sabra and Shatila refugee massacres in this city. During a 1975 to 1990 civil war, this city's Western Muslim and Eastern Christian neighborhoods were divided by the Green Line. In 2005, Rafic Hariri, the former Prime Minister of this capital city's country, was assassinated, sparking a non-violent revolution that demanded the withdrawal of Syrian troops from this city. The Cedar Revolution broke out in, for the point, what capital of Lebanon?

Beirut

(13) This colony achieved a degree of autonomy from the British Empire under governor John Molteno. The Meermin was bound for this colony when a slave mutiny occurred. The British seized this colony following battles at (+) Muizenberg and Blaauwberg, and thousands of Dutch later fled this colony in the (*) Great Trek. The British planned, but did not complete, a railroad connecting Cairo to this colony. For the points, name this colony that gave its name to the coastal city that houses the South African parliament.

Cape Colony (accept the Cape of Good Hope; accept Cape Town) Page 3 NHBB Nationals Bee 2016-2017 Bee Final Round - JV

(7) This country attempted to rid itself of communist sympathizers in its Plan Lazo. Alberto Camargo served as the first leader of this country's National Front, which was comprised of Liberal and Conservative party factions that had earlier fought the Thousand Days War. The assassination of Jorge Eli´ecer Gait´an contributed to the outbreak of La Violencia in this country, and its more recent troubles include the kidnapping of Ingrid Betancourt by FARC operatives. For the point, name this oft-troubled South American nation with capital at Bogota.

Colombia

(2) Harold MacMillan reacted to being snubbed by Charles de Gaulle by changing the name of this brand. Andre Turcat served as a tester for this brand. One of these vehicles suffered an accident in Gonesse that killed over one hundred people; that accident in 2000 involved a tire punctured by debris on the ground. The Tupolev Tu-144 was the only competitor to this vehicle, which stopped operations in 2003. The slogan was "Arrive before you leave" was used by, for ten points, what defunct supersonic passenger jet service?

Concorde BONUS: The Concorde was flown by British Airways and this other airline, which suffered the aforementioned accident in 2000. ANSWER: Air France

(6) Two men thought to be August Heinrich and self portrait of the artist contemplate this object in painting by Caspar David Friedrich. The scientif cally accurate depiction of this object by Ludovico Cigoli and Adam Elsheimer as (+) rough rather than smooth is thought to be influenced by the Sidereus Nuncius of Galileo. This object was photographed partially obscured rising over (*) Half Dome in Yosemite National Park by Ansel Adams. For ten points, name this object which Vincent van Gogh showed as a yellow crescent in his Starry Night

Earth's moon (accept Luna

(3) Henry Dearborn threatened to occupy Lake Champlain to enforce this legislation. This law was particularly ignored at Passamaquoddy Bay, where smugglers moved barrels of flour from Maine into New Brunswick. This law, which sought to maintain English and French neutrality during the Napoleonic wars, was replaced by the Non-Intercourse Act and was depicted by Alexander Anderson as a snapping turtle. For the point, name this 1807 law, satirized by the Ograbme cartoon, that criminalized all exports during Thomas Jefferson's presidency.

Embargo Act of 1807

(3) The scope of this organization was drastically and controversially reduced by one of its leaders, Anne Gorsuch. This organization determined that many children attending the 93rd and 99th Street schools had sustained chromosomal damage due to the Love Canal scandal. This organization largely manages the Superfund, and it was established by a Richard Nixon executive order in 1970. For the point, name this government organization that oversees pollution testing.

Environmental Protection Agency (or EPA)

(7) Civitella del Tronto offered some of the last resistance to this campaign, which ended with the Handshake at Teano. The Battle of the Voltornus drove one side in this campaign into the fortress of Gaeta, which was surrendered by Queen Marie-Sophie and Francis II. Fernandino Lanza surrendered Palermo during this campaign, shortly after the leader of one side declared dictatorship in the name of Victor Emmanuel II of Sardinia. For ten points, name this campaign in the Risorgimento in which Garibaldi's Redshirts conquered southern Italy.

Expedition of Thousand (accept Spedizione dei Mille; prompt on the Risorgimento or descriptions of Italian unification until "Risorgimento" is read) BONUS: The Expedition of a Thousand targeted this Bourbon kingdom in southern Italy, which had its capital at Naples. ANSWER: Kingdom of the Two Sicilies

(31) This event led to a case that set a 1 to 1 ratio of punitive to compensatory fines as an upper limit, the Grant Baker case. This event, which was caused by either the drunkenness of Joseph Hazelwood or a RAYCAS radar that was never turned on, also led to a government mandate requiring the usage of double hulls. This disaster involved a vessel en route to Long Beach that struck Bligh Reef and threatened wildlife in Prince William Sound. For the point, name this 1989 ecological disaster in Alaska, the second largest oil spill in US history.

Exxon Valdez oil spill (accept anything related to a disaster involving the Exxon Valdez

(32) This event is referenced in the title of a speech that includes the poem "The Triumph of Freedom" and claims that this event "reveals the gross injustice and cruelty" of slavery. Frederick Douglass delivered that speech, asking "What, to a Slave, is [this event]?" On this day in 1826, a dying man lamented "Thomas Jefferson still survives," though Jefferson had actually died five hours earlier, on the fiftieth anniversary of the event that this holiday commemorates. For the point, name this American holiday, during which fireworks celebrate the nation's founding.

Fourth of July (or Independence Day; accept "What, to a Slave, is the Fourth of July?")

(7) In one story set during this war, characters satirically described as "representatives of virtue" ignore the title character, even though she had a picnic basket of food with those characters. In that story, a caravan of refugees from this war accidentally wander into an inn held by the enemy, and are only let go when a prostitute sleeps with the enemy officer. "Mademoiselle Fifi," "Boule de Suif," [sweef] and many other works of Guy de Maupassant were set during, for ten points, what war that ended the Second French Empire?

Franco-Prussian War (or Franco-German War) BONUS: At the end of "Boule de Suif," Cornudet starts to whistle what song, which is contrasted with "God Save the Tsar" in the 1812 Overture? ANSWER: La Marseillaise (prompt on the French national anthem)

(4) One portrait of this man depicts him alongside Jesus with the caption "I have chosen him." This man kept the head of one enemy in his closet, and, on the suspicion that another of his enemies could transform into animals, he ordered all black dogs to be put to death. The Fort Dimanche [dee-mahnsh] massacre was carried out by this man, and Clement Barbot was put to death by this man's Tonton Macoutes. For ten points, name this "President for Life" of Haiti, whose nickname referred to his background as a physician.

Fran¸cois Duvalier (or Papa Doc Duvalier)

(11) This man's forces crushed a far larger army at the Battle of Monte Porzio, weakening the Commune of Rome. After divorcing his distant relative Adelheid of Vohburg, he gained Burgundy by marrying Beatrice I. He convinced Geza to join a campaign in which he routed Rum Seljuk at Iconium, but he died in an accident at the Saleph River, after which his body was preserved in a barrel of vinegar. For ten points, name this 12th century Holy Roman Emperor who drowned while traveling during the Third Crusade.

Frederick Barbarossa (or Frederick I)

(16) Ableman v. Booth ruled Wisconsin's overturning of this law unconsitutional. Richard Henry Dana protested how this law, which was prompted by the ruling in Prigg v Pennsylvania, was applied to Anthony Burns in Boston. This law, alternatively known as the "Bloodhound Law," was supported within a broader compromise by Daniel Webster's "Seventh of March" speech. For the point, name this law, passed as part of the Compromise of 1850, which required captured slaves to be returned to their masters.

Fugitive Slave Act (or Law or Bill) Page 3 NHBB Nationals Bee 2015-2016 Bee Round 1

(25) This man's defense of Fabre d'Eglantine led to a threat on his life. After Charles-Francois Dumouriez defected to the Austrians, this man was accused of treason. Before his execution, this man said "Don't forget to (+) show my head to the people. It's well worth seeing." For opposing the Reign of Terror, this man was executed, but not before accurately predicting the death of his former (*) ally, who was executed in the Thermidorian Reaction. For the point, name this first president of the Committee of Public Safety and former ally of Maximilien Robespierre.

Georges Danton

(4) Since the victims of this event gave the perpetrators of this event lodging and food for ten days before this event took place, this event was considered to be a particularly heinous crime known as "murder under trust." Robert Duncanson ordered Robert Campbell to ensure that "the (+) old fox and his cubs do upon no account escape" while carrying out this event. John Dalrymple, Master of Stair, planned this event, which occurred because Alasdair MacIain failed to swear an oath of allegiance by a January 1st deadline to King (*) William III. For ten points, name this 1692 massacre of 38 members of the MacDonald clan in the Scottish Highlands.

Glencoe Massacre Page 10 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2015-2016 Bowl Backup Round 2

(4) This city was the final port reached by Tom´e Pires, who traveled here with an expedition led by Fern˜ao Pires de Andrade. An early insurance system called the Consoo Fund was set up in this city by its Cohong merchants. This city was home to the Thirteen Factories trade group. An open letter to Queen Victoria called foreigners in this city "barbarians" dealing poison, triggering a war that was ended by the Treaty of Nanjing, which let foreign merchants operate outside this city and ended the First Opium War. For ten points, name this southern Chinese city, the namesake of a Chinese dialect.

Guangzhou (or Canton) BONUS: The aforementioned Royal Open Letter was written by this "Drug Czar" who dissolved tons of opium in Humen in 1839. ANSWER: Lin Zexu

(3) Description acceptable. Jason Socrates Bardi wrote a non-technical 2007 book about this "clash." Primary sources relating to this controversy include correspondences between John Collins and its participants. The primary aspect of this controversy notes that Nova Methodus pro Maximis et Minimis was published in 1684 by one participant, while the other's 1666 work wasn't published until 1687 in the Principia. The battle between dot notation and dy/dx ["dee y, dee x"] notation was part of, for ten points, what scientific controversy between Gottfried Leibniz and Isaac Newton over proper credit for a mathematical revolution?

Leibniz-Newton calculus controversy (accept Calculus Wars; accept descriptions relating to the question of who invented calculus; prompt on partial answers, including on "calculus" alone and on descriptions of "Leibniz vs. Newton" that don't mention calculus) BONUS: Complicating the debate is Newton's 1665 publishing of the Method of these concepts, which were Newton's initial conception of the derivative. Infinitesimal calculus can be developed from definitions involving differentials, as Leibniz did, or these concepts. ANSWER: fluxions (accept Method of Fluxions)

(15) A political machine led by this man was originally named the Holy Alliance. This man's nomination as Minister to Great Britain was blocked by a vengeful John Calhoun. This man's wealthy background was attacked during a presidential bid by Charles Ogle in the Gold Spoon Oration. Before becoming president, this man led the Albany Regency, and, while president, he struggled to fight poor economic conditions in the aftermath of the Panic of 1837. For the point, name this presidential successor of Andrew Jackson.

Martin Van Buren Page 3 NHBB Nationals Bee 2016-2017 Bee Round 1

(8) This man sent the SMS Novara on a scientific expedition that later led to a circumnavigation of the globe; that ship would later transport his body home. In a futile attempt to crush resistance against him, this ruler threatened to immediately execute without trial anyone found in a group bearing arms in the (+) Black Decree. A series of paintings by Edouard Manet [mah-nay] depict this ruler's execution by firing squad, which occurred after his defeat and capture at (*) Queretaro. This puppet ruler of Napol´eon III was installed on the throne after French forces conquered the country he ruled. For ten points, name this emperor of Mexico.

Maximilian I Page 10 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2015-2016 Bowl Round 5 Extra Question Only read if you need a backup or tiebreaker!

(2) In 1969, Jim Morrison was arrested in this state for alleged indecent exposure at the Dinner Key Auditorium. In 1997, Andrew Cunanan killed designer Gianni Versace [JAHN ee ver SOTCH ee] on the steps of his mansion in this state. Al Capone died at his Palm Island estate in this state, which was the setting of the movie Scarface and a 1980s TV series about a pair of vice cops. For ten points, name this state where the 2000 deportation of Eli´an Gonz´alez led to protests in Little Havana in Miami.

Miami Beach BONUS: Anton Cermak, the mayor of this city, was killed in Miami in 1933 by Giuseppe Zangara in a failed assassination attempt on the newly-inaugurated Franklin D. Roosevelt. ANSWER: Chicago

(2) Two answers required. The border between these two states includes an exclave known as the Lost Peninsula. John Fulton and William Harris issued competing surveys of their border, centering on the mouth of the Maumee River. Shots were fired between these two states at the Battle of Philips Corners. In the Frostbitten Convention, the northern of these two rivals ceded its border claims in exchange for statehood and control of the Upper Peninsula. For ten points, what two Midwestern states fought a "war" over the Toledo Strip?

Michigan and Ohio (prompt on partial answer)

(10) Prior to publishing any of his novels, Daniel Defoe fought in this conflict and was pardoned for his role in it. This uprising began with a landing at Lyme Regis and was opposed by forces led by Louis Duras and John Churchill, the future Duke of Marlborough. George Jeffreys, the "hanging judge," punished hundreds of members of this uprising with death or labour in the West Indies during the Bloody Assizes. Three years after this uprising failed, its target was replaced by a Dutch stadtholder and his wife. For ten points, name this failed 1685 attempt to overthrow James II, led by James Scott, its namesake Duke.

Monmouth Rebellion (accept the West Country Rebellion, Revolt of the West, or similar) BONUS: The Monmouth Rebellion was finally put down at this July 1685 battle in Somerset, after which the Duke of Monmouth fled, was captured, and was executed. ANSWER: Battle of Sedgemoor

(5) The Karta of Kabi revolted against a ruler of this state whose doom was spelled by the death of his general, Kanfari Omar. The Tarikh al-Fattash and the Tarikh al-Sudan are the main sources of this state's history, which includes its victory in the Battle of (+) Anfao and its succession by the Dendi Kingdom after Ahmad al-Mansur defeated it in the Battle of Tondibi. The greatest ruler of this empire had a spiky (*) pyramid for a tomb, and this empire was founded in Sunni Ali's revolt out of Gao. For ten points, name this West African empire of Askia the Great that absorbed much of the weakened Mali empire.

Songhai Empire

(7) This city sent Salaithos to inform Mytilene that forty ships were coming to assist them, but those ships ravaged coastlines and failed to arrive; Salaithos was later captured and executed, becoming the first citizen of this city to die in five years of war. Alcibiades encouraged this city to send a general to break Nicias' siege; that leader, the mothax Gylippus, was not a citizen of this city because one of his parents was a helot. For ten points, name this Greek city-state whose generals included Lysander, who won at Aegospotami, and Leonidas, who died at Thermopylae.

Sparta BONUS: Salaithos was executed for assisting Mytilene, a major port city on this Greek island. After a failed Mytilenian revolt, Athens divided this island's land among Athenians, but let most of this island's people live. ANSWER: Lesbos

(11) Description acceptable. Participants in this event wrecked John Evelyn's Sayes Court while its leader met with Edmund Halley at the Royal Observatory. This event, which was intended to expand and strengthen alliances within the Holy League, was forced into an early end by the Streltsy Uprising. This event inspired the creation of the Table of Ranks and included a stop in the Netherlands to learn how to build ships. For the point, name this 1697-1698 journey in which a "Great" Tsar learned how to Westernize Russia.

The Grand Embassy of Peter the Great (or Peter I) (accept Peter's embassy to (Western) Europe; accept descriptions of Peter journeying through (Western) Europe; prompt on partial answers, like "Peter's journey")

(4) Frank Chimero suggested that one of this publication's regular features could consistently include a reference to LinkedIn. Kathryn Schulz's longread "The Really Big One" about the impending Cascadia subduction event won a 2016 Pulitzer Prize for this magazine, as did the work of TV critic Emily Nussbaum. David Remnick is the current editor of this Cond´e Nast publication, which featured Saul Steinberg's "View of the World from Ninth Avenue" cover in 1976. The phrase "On the Internet, nobody knows you're a dog" captioned a 1993 cartoon in, for ten points, what weekly magazine based in Manhattan?

The New Yorker

(7) A character in this novel receives a book of Great Peace from the spirit of an old man with a walking stick. In this book, two friends are turned against each other after a south wind fails to materialize, and one of those men constructs the Stone Sentinel Maze in battle. Three men in this novel agree to becomes brothers when they swear an oath in a peach garden. This book's climactic scene is the Battle of Red Cliffs. For ten points, name this historical Chinese novel partially named after the states of Wei, Wu, and Shu.

The Romance of the Three Kingdoms (or San Guo Yan Yi

(8) This event was investigated by John Kenlon. Kate Alterman was made to repeat her testimony about this event multiple times by Max Steuer, leading the jury to believe that she had memorized what to say during the trial of Max Blanck and Isaac Harris. The ILGWU grew substantially in the aftermath of this event, during which William Gunn Shephard wrote of seeing women jump out of windows because doors had been locked. For ten points, name this 1911 event in which a fire in the Asch building killed 146 garment workers.

Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire

(1) Evidence from the Bradford Letter argues that a performance of Cato in this location was a lavish social event, not a celebration of republicanism. In this location, a manual nicknamed the Blue Book was translated into English. Christopher Ludwick developed a type of Pepper Pot Soup at this location, where Baron von Steuben led training drills. For ten points, name this Pennsylvania location where the Continental Army spent the harsh 1777-1778 winter.

Valley Forge (prompt on Pennsylvania before read)

(1) A non-presidential resident of this state named Harry Truman died when he refused to evacuate his home during a natural disaster. Pioneer Square in this state was the site of riots on Mardi Gras in 2001, just two years after riots on N30, or November 30th, rocked this state during a meeting of the World Trade Organization. For the 1962 World's Fair, the largest city in this state constructed the Space Needle. For the point, name this state, the location of the Mount St. Helens eruption and the Battle in Seattle.

Washington

(6) Early in this conflict, David Lenox was fired on near Miller's Farm while carrying out orders from William Rawles. The Mingo Creek Association pushed for this conflict, which included the Battle of Bower Hill, part of an attack on the tax collector John Neville's home. The Watermelon Army helped end this conflict under the command of "Lighthorse" Harry Lee. For the point, name this conflict during Washington's presidency, sparked by Alexander Hamilton's taxation of a certain alcoholic beverage.

Whiskey Rebellion

(4) The "new" version of this study was pioneered by a man who humiliated Adriaan van Roomen in a problem-solving challenge, Franciscus Vieta. The earliest instance of this discipline was found on the Strassburg tablet. Jean-Robert Argand published the first rigorous proof for the fundamental theorem of this discipline in 1814. This discipline's name was coined by a scholar in the House of Wisdom, al-Khwarizmi. For ten points, name this branch of mathematics that involves manipulating and solving equations.

algebra

(32) This disease's Vollum strain was isolated on Gruinard Island. The largest recorded outbreak of this disease devastated the cattle population during the Rhodesian Bush War. Bruce Edward Ivins was largely suspected of sending samples of this disease to Senators Tom Daschle and Patrick Leahy with the message "Death to America, death to Israel, Allah is great." For the point, name this diseased spread by spores that was stored in envelopes during various 2001 terrorist attacks, frequently used as a bioweapon.

anthrax (or bacillus anthracis)

(2) The perpetrator of this action was represented at his trial by Percy Forman after being captured in London while using the false identity of Ramon Sneyd. The Holy Week Uprising occurred after this event, whose subject was supporting a sanitation strike in Memphis. Robert Kennedy broke news of this event to a crowd in Indianapolis shortly after it occurred at the Lorraine Motel. James Earl Ray perpetrated, for ten points, what event in which the deliverer of the "I Have a Dream" speech died?

assassination (or murder, killing, etc.) of Martin Luther King Jr.

(4) Destroying this object was the main purpose of the British Type 106 Fuze and the Bangalore torpedo of World War I. The first successful form of this device was bootlegged by the Southern Company of John Warne Gates; that form of this entity was "The Winner" of 1873. This invention caused the Great Die Up during the so-called Cutting Wars and Range Wars of the late 19th century. Although Lucien Smith probably has the better claim, this invention is usually ascribed to Joseph Glidden. The American frontier was drastically changed by the invention of, for ten points, what kind of sharp livestock fencing?

barbed wire

(7) Elisabeth Achelis proposed one of these things to the United Nations, where it was vetoed by the United States. Charles-Gilbert Romme created one of these for the French Republic in 1792, although it was abolished by the Catholic Church in the Concordat of 1801; that one of these things was used for 18 days during the Paris Commune. Because one of these things wasn't accepted in Russia until 1918, the February Revolution actually began in March. For ten points, name these temporal systems, including a Julian one that was reformed by Pope Gregory XIII.

calendar BONUS: As part of a push for standardization of units and measures during the French Revolution, the French Republican Calendar had this many days in a week and this many hours in a day. ANSWER: 10

(33) Description acceptable. Two structures used to measure these events were located on Elephantine Island. These events were followed by seasons called peret and shemu, which coincide with the rise of Sirius. The area affected by these events was known as the "black land," in contrast with the "red land." The god Hapi personified these events, which ceased after the completion of the Aswan High Dam. For the point, name these formerly annual events in which a river's waters overflowed, bringing fertile sediment to Egyptian fields.

flooding of the Nile (accept Wafaa el-Nil)

(5) Description acceptable. For their participation in this activity, husband-and-wife team Serge and Beate Klarsfeld were targeted by an unsuccessful car bombing in 1979. The ODESSA network set up numerous (+) "ratlines" to help targets of this activity escape. This activity was successfully undertaken on Garibaldi Avenue in (*) Buenos Aires on May 11, 1960, and was pursued by Simon Wiesenthal. For the point, name this activity, carried out by Mossad, to find and bring people like Adolf Eichmann to trial.

hunting (or searching, etc.) for ex-Nazis (accept anything that mentions attempting to capture ex-Nazis; between the mentions of Simon Wiesenthal and Adolf Eichmann, accept capturing Adolf Eichmann specifically)

(7) A book titled for this event states that it "has left us with not richer, but more impoverished, genetic pool." In sequel to 2006 book, Charles Mann writes extensively about this event, whose name was coined by Alfred (+) Crosby. One group affected by this event shifted from an agricultural to nomadic lifestyle after the introduction of the horse. During this event, Chagas disease affected (*) Europeans, who decimated populations by introducing smallpox and measles. Tomatoes, tobacco, and maize were introduced to Europe via, for ten points, what "exchange" between the New World and Old World following an Italian explorer's 1492 voyage?

the Columbian Exchange (prompt on descriptive answers; do not accept answers related to the triangle trade)

(7) This country experienced the Beeldenstorm and was formed by the Act of Abjuration. Louis XIV invaded this country during the Disaster Year, resulting in the lynching of Cornelis and Johan de Witt. This country's independence war started after the capture of Brill by Sea Beggars, and the Duke of Alba convened the Council of Blood in this country. This country's revolt against Philip II of Spain was first led by William the Silent, a member of the House of Orange. For ten points, name this country of seven United Provinces with capital at Amsterdam.

the Netherlands (or the Dutch Republic; accept United Provinces or Seven Provinces before mentioned) BONUS: Johan and Cornelis de Witt governed the Netherlands during the First Period without this position, the de facto head of state for the Dutch Republic. It was typically held by members of the House of Orange. ANSWER: stadtholder

(5) Description acceptable. Pedro Almodovar's Glen Valley was announced as part of this event. As part of this event, the ownership of Wintris [vin-tris] by Sigmundur David was revealed during an interview with David, shortly before he stepped aside as Prime Minister. Mossack Fonseca was blamed for this event, whose source began in 2015 but became broadly public in April 2016 as the existence of 2.6 terabytes of data, involving over 10 million documents, was announced. For ten points, name this event in which the existence of hundreds of thousands of offshore companies was unintentionally revealed by a Central American firm.

the leak of the Panama Papers BONUS: Sigmundur David stepped aside as Prime Minister of this European country; Wintris was owed millions of dollars from numerous failed banks in this country. ANSWER: Iceland

(73) These vehicles used weapons named for heaven, earth, black, and yellow and were equipped with a head that spewed smoke and fumes, resembling a panokseon. These vehicles were first deployed after their commander feigned retreat at the Battle of Sacheon during the Imjin War. It is debated if these vehicles had iron plating, but they definitely had spikes to prevent enemies from boarding them, inspiring their name. For the point, identify these Korean ships, known for their armored, animal-like roof.

turtle ships (or geobukseon or gwiseon; prompt on descriptive answers like "Korean ships" before "Korea" is read)

(2) A news anchor at this event apologized for reporting while out of breath, as a security guard "put [him] on the deck." Pigasus was supported at this event by the Yippies. This event prompted Walter Cronkite to say, "I think we are dealing with a bunch of thugs here." After this event, it was noted that "McGovern wouldn't have used Gestapo tactics." TV cameras covering this event alternated between police macing protesters and celebrations after Hubert Humphrey's nomination. For the point, name this highly contested political convention in Chicago.

1968 Democratic National Convention (or 1968 DNC; prompt on partial answers)

(20) This man's daughter died aboard the schooner Patriot during the War of 1812 and was married to the then-Governor of South Carolina. This man was behind the Tammany Society's initial transition from a social organization to a political machine, and he presided over the impeachment of Samuel Chase as Vice President. James Wilkinson betrayed this man's conspiracy to President Thomas Jefferson, who ordered this man arrested in 1807 for treason. For the point, name this Revolutionary War officer and politician who killed Alexander Hamilton in an 1804 duel.

Aaron Burr

(17) Those who wronged this man were protected by the Amnesty Bill of Waldeck-Rosseau. This man was implicated after a letter was found in ambassador Max von Schwartzkoppen's garbage. Georges Picquart was sent to North Africa for supporting this man. The crimes of Ferdinand Esterhazy were blamed on this man, who was imprisoned on Devil's Island. Emile Zola penned the open letter J'accuse in defense of, for the point, what Jewish army officer who was accused of treason in 19th century France, triggering a namesake affair?

Alfred Dreyfus (accept Dreyfus Affair)

(8) In 1622, John Brooke aboard the Tryall sighted Point Cloates on this island in 1622; the Tryall later became the first shipwreck in this island's waters, near the Montebello Islands. One explorer suggested this island's Kurnell Peninsula as a settlement site, but the first settlers to try it gave up after a week and moved to Port Jackson. Arthur Philip led 11 ships in the "First Fleet" to this island in 1787. James Cook landed at Botany Bay on the southeast shore of, for ten points, what Southern hemisphere island continent?

Australia BONUS: The island of Tasmania was originally named by Abel Tasman in honor of this Dutch politician, who sponsored Tasman. The name changed in 1856. ANSWER: Anthony van Diemen (or Van Diemen's Land)

(10) During this battle, troops under Thomas Mullins failed to breach enemy lines after forgetting to bring along ladders. For aiding the winning side in this battle, the pirate Jean Lafitte earned a federal pardon. Edward Pakenham died during this battle, which occurred a few weeks after the signing of the Treaty of Ghent, "ending" its war. Only eight Americans died in, for the point, what final battle in the War of 1812 that bolstered the reputation of Andrew Jackson?

Battle of New Orleans Page 2 NHBB B-Set Bee 2016-2017 Bee Round 2

(9) In this battle, Craterus waited in camp for an opportune moment, then took the Haranpur ford. Mud hindered the losing side's chariots, and their elephants were forced back onto their own allies after a phalanx charge. The winning side in this battle crossed the Jhelum on floats made of hay. The Nanda Empire was vulnerable after this battle, though the winner declined to press on, choosing to return west after his army complained and his horse, Bucephalus, died. For ten points, name this 326 BC victory over King Porus by Alexander the Great, after which Macedon claimed the Punjab.

Battle of the Hydaspes River (accept Battle of the Jhelum River before Jhelum is said)

(16) This city was the site of a 1953 worker's rebellion commemorated by the June 17 Day of Unity. Lucius Clay served as commanding officer in this city during a tank standoff in 1961. This city was the site of several closed subway stations that became known as "ghost stations." The Four Power Agreement guaranteed travel to this city, which contained Checkpoint Charlie. Ronald Reagan asked Mikhail Gorbachev to "tear down" a structure in, for the point, what European capital city that was divided by a namesake wall?

Berlin (accept East Berlin throughout; accept West and/or East Berlin after Lucius Clay is said)

(3) Both of these countries were thrown out of the 1987 World Juniors after the Punch-Up in Piestany. Paul Henderson scored the winning goal in a series between the national teams of these two countries in which Vladislav Tretiak backstopped the losing team. The (+) Luzhniki Palace of Sports was the site of the final four of eight games in the 1972 Summit Series between these two countries that was nicknamed the "Cold War on Ice" and had been set up to facilitate better relations via (*) hockey diplomacy. For the point, name these two Cold War hockey superpowers.

Canada and the Soviet Union (accept the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics or USSR or Sovetskij Soyuz, Soyuz Sovetskikh Sotsialisticheskikh Respublik, or SSSR for Soviet Union; do not accept or prompt answers involving Russia)

(1) During one of these conflicts, the Lord Eliot Convention sought to prevent the execution of prisoners of war. The Marques del Duero lifted the siege of Bilbao during the last of these conflicts. The first of these conflicts was ended by the Convention of Vergara, which granted limited home rule to the Basque population, although that was later revoked by Alfonso XII. These conflicts failed to oust Queen Isabella II from the throne. For ten points, name this set of Spanish civil wars fought by supporters of the namesake brother of Ferdinand VII.

Carlist Wars

(2) One work by the sculptor consists of a circular stone table ringed by twelve hourglassshaped seats. That piece is part of an ensemble that also includes a tower consisting of seventeen-and-a-half stacked (+) rhomboids, built to commemorate World War I veterans at Targu Jiu. He also created an elongated bronze sculpture which was the subject of a (*) court case after American customs officials initially refused to categorize it as art. For ten points, name this abstract Romanian sculptor of Endless Column and Bird In Space.

Constantin Brˆancusi ([brin-koosh], but be lenient with phonetic pronunciations)

(20) J.D. Verhoeven's study of this material questions whether vanadium impurities led to its characteristic appearance. This ultra-high-carbon material was produced from wootz in a way that naturally formed carbon nanotubes. This shatter-resistant metal with a mottled finish was used in sword manufacturing until its production method was lost in the 18th century. For the point, name this type of steel produced in India but named for a Middle Eastern city where Crusaders encountered it.

Damascus steel Page 4 NHBB Nationals Bee 2015-2016 Bee Round 3

(7) One musician from this country composed the overture Echoes of Ossian and the cantata Elverskud. The fourth symphony of another composer from this country includes an episode of dueling timpani that may have been inspired by World War I. A piece written by Jeremiah (+) Clarke, used by the BBC when broadcasting to this country during World War II, was written as the Prince of [this country's] March and is also known as the Trumpet Voluntary. (*) Niels Gade and the composer of the Inextinguishable symphony, Carl Nielsen, are from, for ten points, what country, the home of the Copenhagen Opera House?

Denmark

(2) An army from this region intercepted King Josiah at Megiddo and killed him. Near the end of his life, the prophet Jeremiah was forced to move to this region against his will. A family fled to this region to escape King Herod's decree to kill all boys two years or younger. The firstborn of every household in this region was slaughtered before its leader allowed the Israelites to leave. For ten points, name this region that, in numerous Biblical stories, was ruled by pharaohs.

Egypt

(8) A controversy over this document arose after the word "Adjutant" was missed in a translation. This document was written by in response to a meeting, held informally during a morning walk, in which Count Benedetti, "in a very (+) importunate manner," asked a royal figure for assurances about the Spanish throne. Before it was given to the press, Heinrich Abeken's authorship of this document was (*) superseded by a direct-yet-accurate edit by Otto von Bismarck. For ten points, name this document, written on July 13, 1870, that enraged the French into declaring the Franco-Prussian War.

Ems Dispatch (accept Ems Telegram; accept Emser Depesche; accept D´epˆeche d'Ems)

(4) This man paraphrased Goebbels in claiming "Nothing can be gained by linking ourselves with any organization which is" engaged in "propagating racial hatred." This man ran the Social Justice, which was targeted by Francis Biddle as a "vermin publication." This man was supported by Michael (+) Gallagher, the Bishop of Detroit, who was his superior at the Shrine of the Little Flower. During the election of (*) 1932, this man coined the phrase "The New Deal is Christ's Deal." For ten points, name this "Radio Priest" who was forced off the air for anti-government messages in 1939.

Father Charles Edward Coughlin Page 10 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2015-2016 Bowl Round 13

(6) This conflict opened with the battle of Pungdo, in which mutineers prevented T.R. Galsworthy from surrendering to the Naniwa. The public display of Kim Ok-gyun's dismembered body helped prompt this conflict. The Kowshing sunk in this conflict that was accelerated by one side's dependence on soy bean imports. The Triple Intervention occurred in this conflict, which opened with a dispute regarding the Donghak Peasant Rebellion and ended with the 1895 Treaty of Shimonoseki. For ten points, name this conflict between China and Japan.

First Sino-Japanese War BONUS: This Chinese general was sent to Korea during the Donghak Peasant Rebellion. Following the Xinhai [shin-hai] revolution, this general tried to proclaim himself the Hongxian emperor. ANSWER: Yuan Shikai Page 4 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2015-2016 Bowl Round 8

(6) This man was saved by Fan Kuai, who prevented sword dancer from assassinating this man during the Feast at Hong Gate. At the advice of Lou Jing, this man initiated the "heqin" [he chin] policy of alliance marriages; that secured peace with the (+) Xiongnu [shong nu] after losing to them at Baideng. This ruler faced a "contention" with the Western Chu for power, during which his victory at the Battle of Gaixia [guy shee uh] allowed him to (*) unify China in the wake of the Qin [chin] dynasty's dissolution. For ten points, name this peasant who became first emperor of the Han dynasty.

Gaozu of Han (or Liu Bang; accept Han Gaodi

(9) Though he isn't Polish, this composer wrote a cycle of 29 motets from the Song of Solomon. As musical director of the Julian Chapel, this composer wrote a book of masses based on one by Cristobal de Morales. Johann Joseph Fux wrote a book about this composer's style, (+) Gradus Ad Parnassum. This man's most famous piece is always sung at Papal Coronation masses and supposedly convinced Charles Borromeo that music with (*) multiple melodic voices was acceptable in church. For ten points, name this composer who supposedly saved polyphonic music with his Pope Marcellus Mass.

Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina Page 11 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2015-2016 Bowl Round 9

(6) This man labeled rival Rick Stokes an "Uncle Tom" during a campaign against the Alice Democratic club. He noted that "we are coming out to fight the lies, the myths, the distortions" in his Hope Speech, given in opposition to a bill mandating discriminatory requirements to work in public schools. This man's murderer claimed to have gone insane after a Twinkie binge. Dan White assassinated, for ten points, what "Mayor of Castro Street," the first openly gay man to be elected to political office in California?

Harvey Milk

(23) This man reportedly used his gold watch and cigarette case to bribe Lieutenant Jack Wheelis. This man was shot in the leg during a coup attempt and subsequently developed a (+) morphine addiction, which placed him temporarily in an asylum. After sending a telegram saying he would take power from his superior, he was dismissed from the party and replaced in his leader's will with Karl (*) Donitz. This first Plenipotentiary of Hitler's Four Year Plan killed himself with cyanide before he could be executed at Nuremberg. For the point, name this Nazi who lost prestige after the Battle of Britain, a loss for his Luftwaffe.

Hermann Goering

(35) A suspension bridge across this river was built from Anthony's Nose to the site of Fort Clinton. The Bear Mountain Bridge crosses this river, which widens near the village of Nyack, near where another crossing was built from 1952 to 1955 under Governor Thomas E. Dewey. Another bridge crossing this river was the subject of controversy when its Fort Lee access lanes were closed by order of governor Chris Christie. The Tappan Zee and George Washington Bridges cross, for the point, what New York river that separates Manhattan from New Jersey?

Hudson River Page 7 NHBB A-Set Bee 2016-2017 Bee Final Round

(1) This organization minted brass coins whose value was backed by a guarantee to swap for an animal carcass. A representative of this organization, Robert Semple, was attacked during the Pemmican War in the Battle of Seven Oaks. The York Factory was an early center of this company, which was merged with the North West Company in 1821. Its first successful missions were sponsored by Prince Rupert after its 1670 founding, and it exists today as a retail brand. For the point, name this company, active in the fur trade, that is named for a prominent body of water in Canada.

Hudson's Bay Company (or HBC

(27) Intellectuals grew support for this event in the Petofi Circle. It was triggered by the rejection of the Sixteen Points and began next to a statue of Joz´ef Bem. This event largely stemmed from problems created by M´aty´as R´akosi and the AHV and was put down by Operation Whirlwind. Cardinal Mindszenty ´ was freed from political prison during this event, and Jan´os K´adar was offered safe passage from the Yugoslav embassy, but Imre Nagy [nahj] was still executed after this event failed. For the point, name this event in which protesters fought Soviet tanks in the streets of Budapest.

Hungarian Revolution of 1956 (accept descriptions of a Hungarian armed conflict in 1956; prompt on partial answers)

(24) When asked about the handling of this event, former UN Ambassador Andrew Young said he "was surprised and not surprised." A photo taken in the aftermath of this event shows a helicopter flying over a line of buses in front of a highway sign featuring the word "Mandeville." Plaquemines [plak uh meen] Parish suffered extreme damage in this event, in which the 17th Street Canal levee broke. Mayor Ray Nagin controversially argued that "God wanted" a "chocolate" New Orleans to be rebuilt after, for the point, what 2005 natural disaster?

Hurricane Ka rina

(3) This scientist won the 1857 Adams Prize for determining that Saturn's rings are composed of small particles, and he later demonstrated the the first ever color photograph to the Royal Institution. This scientist names correction to van der Waal's equation, his namesake (+) equal area rule. The probability of gas particles having a certain velocity at a given temperature is quantified by a distribution that this scientist names with (*) Boltzmann. He developed a thought experiment that seemingly violates the Second Law of Thermodynamics, known as his namesake "demon." For ten points, name this scientist who wrote On Physical Lines of Force and names a set of four equations governing electromagnetism.

James Clerk Maxwell

(12) In this city, Operation Bulldozer provided rescue support after a disaster caused by a change from one tie rod to two. That engineering disaster, the collapse of a walkway, killed 114 people in 1981 at this city's (+) Hyatt Regency hotel. A horse race-loving political boss from this city was convicted of tax evasion and quarreled with Lloyd Stark; that man's influence caused a future President to be known as the "Senator from (*) Pendergast." Tom Pendergast led the Jackson County Democrats from, for ten points, what city, where a haberdashery was owned by Harry Truman?

Kansas City Page 13 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2015-2016 Bowl V Finals Extra Question Only read if you need a backup or tiebreaker!

(23) This state's westernmost region, purchased from the Chickasaw Indians by Andrew Jackson, includes an exclave known as its namesake "bend." Most of the unrecognized Transylvania Colony was located in this state. A national forest here contains the Red River Gorge and is named after a frontiersman who blazed the Wilderness Road into this state, also home to the world's largest cave system. Mammoth Cave and the Daniel Boone National Forest are found in, for the point, what "bluegrass" state with capital Frankfort?

Kentucky

(1) This kingdom converted to Christianity after the baptism of Cynegils and was legendarily founded by Cerdic and Cynric. This member of the Heptarchy united its neighbors under Athelstan until the conquest of (+) Canute the Great, and it won the battle of Edington against Guthrum and signed the Treaty of Wedmore. Its most famous king compiled the (*) Doom Book and defeated the Viking invasion after it had conquered nearby Mercia and Northumbria. For ten points, name this Anglo-Saxon kingdom in the south of England ruled by Alfred the Great.

Kingdom of Wessex (do not accept or prompt on England)

(6) Charles Fahy was accused of suppressing evidence in this case by hiding a report from naval intelligence. Robert Jackson's dissent in this case noted that the central figure was "born on our soil" and that the central law would have been indefensible in less uncertain times. This case, which dealt with the legality of Executive Order 9066, was preceded by Hiribayashi v. United States. For the point, name this controversial 1944 Supreme Court case that upheld the legality of Japanese-American internment.

Korematsu v. United States

(3) One work originally created in this city now resides in Hampton Court Palace and is the most complete depiction of a Roman triumph. The victor of the Battle of Fornovo hailed from this city, whose wife, Isabella d'Este, was an important patron of its arts. Cherubim look down from a di sotta di su oculus in a room in this city's (+) Castle of St. George. The Camera degli Sposi [day-lee spoh-see] in this city was painted by the same man who depicted a body lying on a (*) marble slab in the Dead Christ. For ten points, name this North Italian city, home of Andrea Mategna.

Mantua

(8) This man testified on behalf of Robel Phillipos after the Boston Marathon bombing. In 1988, this man fired Donna Brazile for claiming his opponent was cheating with Jennifer Fitzgerald. During a presidential campaign, this man was attacked for supporting prisoner's weekend furlough passes in the Willie Horton ad and for opposing "virtually every defense system" in the Tank ad. For ten points, name this former Massachusetts governor who lost to George H.W. Bush in 1988.

Michael Dukakis

) (9) The papal encyclical Mit Brennender Sorge condemned "with burning concern" the beliefs and policies of this government. This government punished prisoners in the "priest barracks" after it was criticized in a Christmas address. The Catholic Centre Party was dissolved after an agreement between Ludwig Kaas and Franz von Papen, who served as Vice Chancellor in the early years of this government. Pope Pius XII was controversially accused of ignoring, and therefore being complicit in the crimes of, for ten points, what government that perpetrated the Holocaust?

Nazi Germany (or the Third Reich; prompt on Germany; prompt on Reich)

(7) On a 24-day tour of South America, this man noted that Alberto Santos-Dumont, rather than the Wright Brothers, deserved the title "Father of Aviation." With David Scott, this man was a member of the second flight of Americans in space, Gemini 8. This man commanded a mission in which the Command Module Columbia was piloted by Michael Collins as he and Buzz Aldrin rode in the Eagle. For ten points, name this commander of Apollo 11.

Neil Alden Armstrong BONUS: This three-stage rocket brought Neil Armstrong and the other Apollo astronauts into low Earth orbit. ANSWER: Saturn V [five]

(6) A leader of this organization was nicknamed "The Artichoke King," and some members of this organization were called "Mustache Pete." Samuel Levine refused to work on Sabbath and led a Jewish section of this organization, whose command structure was damaged by the Commission Case. The Castellammarese War was a civil war fought between this organization's Five Families that ended with The Night of the Sicilian Vespers. For ten points, name this Italian-rooted crime syndicate.

New York Mafia (accept mob; accept American Mafia; do not accept the mafias of other cities) BONUS: The New York Mafia was infiltrated in 1976 by this FBI agent, whose presence in the organization led to the murder of Dominick Napolitano. ANSWER: Donnie Brasco (or Joseph Dominick Pistone) Page 4 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2015-2016 Bowl Round 12

(5) In a scandal involved with this program, Trevor Flugge, who was indicted in the Cole Inquiry, claimed to lose his hearing. This program was instituted soon after Kuwait was declared to be Iraq's 19th province. The Volcker report studied this program, noting that the Australian Wheat Board was getting the most illegal kickbacks from Saddam Hussein. For ten points, name this UN program that was supposed to give Iraqis nourishment in exchange for Iraq's chief export.

Oil-for-food program Page 1 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2015-2016 Bowl V Quarterfinals and JV Semifinals

(3) A cartoon satirizing this event depicts a sick old man surrounded by various medicines captioned "'Twas a hard old week!" In response to this event, the Aldrich-Vreeland Act gave federal banks the authority to issue emergency currency. A $23 million loan was made to allow the New York Stock Exchange to continue functioning during this event by a group of prominent bankers led by J. P. Morgan. For ten points, name this financial crisis in the early 20th century that spurred the creation of the Federal Reserve System.

Panic of 1907 (accept Knickerbocker Crisis before "Knickerbocker" is read) BONUS: The aforementioned Nelson Aldrich introduced this Constitutional amendment, which he had earlier decried as communism, in the Senate. ANSWER: 16th Amendment (accept descriptions of "the amendment that established the income tax)

(4) This man's 1979 summit with Jimmy Carter ended with Carter unsuccessfully proselytizing to this man. This man briefly became a communist after his older brother died during the Autumn Uprising of 1946. After seizing power in the May 16 coup, this man's administration passed the Yushin constitution and instituted the New Village Movement to modernize the rural economy. This man survived an attempt on his life in the 1968 Blue House Raid, and was later assassinated by Kim Jae-gyu, his intelligence chief, in 1979. For ten points, name this third President of South Korea, a dictator whose daughter is a recently impeached president.

Park Chung hee (prompt on either name alone) Page 1 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2016-2017 Bowl Playoff Packet 6

(15) This man observed that the "accumulation of navies" was "meant for us, they can be meant for no other" and visualized clanking chains on the fields of Boston. This man was interrupted by accusations of treason after asserting that "Caesar had his Brutus, and Charles I his Cromwell." He declined to attend the Constitutional Convention, claiming that he "smelt a rat in Philadelphia". For the point, name this Founding Father who, in 1775, declared to the Virginia Convention that "I know not what course others may take, but as for me, give me liberty or give me death."

Patrick Henry Page 3 NHBB Nationals Bee 2015-2016 Bee Round 6

(7) The final movement of this work includes a part normally played on flugelhorn, but scored for six buccinas. The third movement of this work opens with a clarinet solo and includes a phonograph recording of a nightingale, and it opens with a depiction of children playing in the Villa Borghese. This work depicts the title objects on the Janiculum and along a road being used by a marching legion. For ten points, name this Ottorino Respighi suite that ends with a portrait of the title trees along the Appian Way.

Pines of Rome BONUS: An earlier suite by Respighi suite depicts four of these other Roman landmarks, including those at Valle Giulia. ANSWER: fountains

(4) This dynasty raised the Huai army to defeat a rebellion when its Green Standard armies proved ineffective. This dynasty tried to reform through the Self-Strengthening Movement. A man claiming to be the brother of Jesus, Hong Xiuquan [shiu-chwan], led a rebellion against this dynasty from his capital of Nanjing. The Eight-Nation Alliance forced its ruler, Cixi [see-shee], to provide reparations after attacks on Westerners in Beijing. For the point, name this dynasty that faced the Taiping and Boxer rebellions, the last imperial dynasty to rule China.

Qing [ching] Dynasty (or Manchu Dynasty; do not accept Qin [chin] dynasty)

(14) This scientist deduced from his study of albino people that Adam and Eve were white but somehow able to give birth to all races. Ambrose Godfrey, the inventor of the fire extinguisher, worked as an (+) assistant to this scientist. The point at which the effects of excluded volume and attractive forces cancel out in the van der Waals equation is known as this (*) chemist's namesake temperature. For the points, name this 17th century Irish chemist, the author of The Sceptical Chymist, whose namesake law states that pressure is inversely proportional to volume.

Robert Boyle

(1) This man invited controversy by increasing the funding of the Maynooth seminary. He chaired the Bullion Committee and brought his country to the gold standard, and he laid the foundations of a modern political party by issuing the Tamworth Manifesto. This man succeeded the Duke of Wellington and oversaw a split in his Conservative Party due to his support of Catholics and the Irish. For the point, name this British prime minister who repealed the Corn Laws and created the first modern police force in London.

Robert Peel

(3) One man who worked for this organization was possibly assassinated by the ARENA party in El Salvador. Another man from this organization, Aloysius Stepinac, was jailed for feuding with Joseph Tito. In addition to the aforementioned Oscar Romero, another assassination target from this organization was targeted in the Bojinka plot by the Grey Wolves and Mehmed Ali Agca [AH-jah]. That person was of Polish descent and took his name from his predecessor, who had died after 33 days in office. For ten points, name this organization formerly led by John Paul II.

Roman Catholic Church

(3) Sam Derry wrote a history of this city's "Escape Line" directed by Priest Hugh O'Flaherty. In response to a bombing by the Patriotic Action Group, occupiers massacred 335 men in this city's (+) Ardeatine Caves; that massacre was directed by Herbert Kappler, this city's Gestapo chief, and Pietro Caruso. This city's largely-civilian (*) San Lorenzo district was bombed by the Allies before it was declared an open city in June, 1944. For ten points, name this capital city that was occupied by the Nazis after the fall of Benito Mussolini.

Rome

(28) This man's wife, Hannah Wilkinson, is thought to have been the first American women granted a patent. As a youth, this man worked for Jedediah Strutt, who used a technology created by Richard (+) Arkwright. This man employed a village-like management strategy, known as the Rhode Island System, that relied heavily on the (*) labor of women and children and utilized many textile factory techniques that he cleverly memorized while working in England, which forbade their export. For the points, name this "Father of the American Industrial Revolution."

Samuel Slater

(8) One of the namesakes of this bill held the record for longest-serving senator from his state until Barbara Milkulski broke it by a day. The 2015 case Yates v. US dealt with the meaning of "tangible object" in this bill, which criminalizes concealing said objects. Alan Greenspan praised this bill, which curbed conflicts of interest by improving auditor independence and established the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board. For ten points, name this 2002 act, created in response to the Enron scandal, that governs business transparency.

Sarbanes Oxley Act (accept Public Company Accounting Reform and Investor Protection Act; accept Sarbox or SOX BONUS: Sarbanes-Oxley was a response to numerous early 2000s scandals, including the Enron fiasco; this accounting firm was convicted of obstructing justice for their shredding of documents in their "audit" of Enron. ANSWER: Arthur Andersen LLP (prompt on AA)

(9) In a play by this author, the stoic Harry Heegan is disabled while fighting in World War I. This author wrote a play in which Minnie Powell takes the fall for two independence fighters by taking a bag of bombs from their room. This author of The Silver Tassie wrote a play in which an unexpected inheritance causes Captain Jack to purchase a new suit, but he later laments that the world is in a state of chaos when his son is killed by the IRA. For ten points, name this author of The Shadow of a Gunman and Juno and the Paycock

Sean O'Casey BONUS: O'Casey's play The Silver Tassie was rejected by this theater in Dublin, which did premiere his Juno and the Paycock. This theater was the site of a 1907 riot at the opening of The Playboy of the Western World ANSWER: Abbey Theatre Page 5 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2016-2017 Bowl Playoff Packet 1

(5) Thaddeus Stevens quipped that a holder of this position, Simon Cameron, "wouldn't steal a red hot stove" in defense of the corruption charge that led to his resignation in 1862. Albert Gallatin criticized one holder of this position after a disastrous series of events including the surrender of William Hull. The Confederation Congress appointed Benjamin Lincoln to this position, after which he was succeeded by Henry Knox, who held this position under George Washington. For ten points, name this Cabinet office that was broken up in 1947

Secretary of War (do not accept or prompt on Secretary of Defense) BONUS: This Secretary of War under Franklin Pierce later appointed Judah Benjamin, James Seddon, and three others as his own Secretaries of War. ANSWER: Jefferson Finis Davis

(3) One member of this dynasty was killed by his guard Martialis while he was urinating on the roadside. The ascension of Macrinus interrupted this dynasty that ended when the coronation of Maximinus Thrax began the "Crisis of the 3rd Century." One member of this dynasty caused a stir when he married a Vestal virgin. This dynasty included Geta and Elegabalus and was established following the defeats of Pescennius Niger and Clodius Albinus in the Year of the Five Emperors. For ten points, name this Roman dynasty that was founded by the North African Septimius.

Severan dynasty BONUS: The most famous architectural work left by the Severans was this thermae that housed the Farnese [far-nay-zee] Hercules. ANSWER: Baths of Caracalla (prompt on baths)

(23) This battle is commemorated in a series of Mikhail Dudin-inspired monuments called the Green Belt of Glory. The Sinyavino Offensive was initiated to support one side in this battle, though its planners were unaware that the other side had launched Operation North Light at the same time. Supplies were delivered via the Road of Life across the frozen Lake Ladoga during this battle, which began on September 8, 1941, and involved an encirclement by Army Group North. Millions of people died during, for the point, what 900-day siege of a Soviet city?

Siege of Leningrad

(20) On this island in 1930, Mona Rudao led a revolt of indigenous Seedig forces against colonial Japanese authorities in Wushe. In 1662, the Pescadores were a staging ground for an invasion of this island by Koxinga, who conquered its colonial outposts, including Fort Zeelandia. The Treaty of Shimonoseki gave Japan control of this island in 1895, and the Allies at the 1943 Cairo Conference elected to return this island to Nationalist China. For the point, name this Asian island which, in 1949, became the home of Chiang Kai-Shek's Kuomintang.

Taiwan (or Formosa Page 4 NHBB Nationals Bee 2016-2017 Bee Round 4

(3) Historians have long debated the meaning of this ruler's last words, "I have made but one mistake." When this ruler complained to his father about a urine tax, his father held up a coin to him and said "money does not stink." This ruler put down the revolt of Terentius Maximus, who pretended to be the former emperor Nero. A monument dedicated to this ruler shows soldiers carrying off treasures like a pair of trumpets and a golden menorah. For ten points, name this Roman emperor whose namesake arch commemorates his destruction of Jerusalem.

Titus Vespasianus Augustus

(8) One of these two countries was led by Adnan Menderes, who ordered a pogrom of citizens from the other. The Chanak Crisis occurred when one of these two countries refused to withdraw troops from territory of the other. The city of (+) Smyrna was burned during a period between these two countries known as the Transfer of the Populations.these two countries later engaged in Earthquake Diplomacy. One of these two countries sided with the terrorist group EOKA, while the other launched Operation Atilla after Archbishop (*) Makarios was deposed. The concept of Enossis is at the forefront of one conflict between these two countries. For ten points, name these two countries who contest Cyprus.

Turkey and Greece Page 11 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2015-2016 Bowl Backup Round 2

(9) In a novel by this author, a man obtains the last cow and the final grain of a besieged city and sends it to the attackers so that they are tricked into thinking that the defenders are well supplied. In that book by this author, the title character befriends Frederick Barbarossa and forges a letter by Prestor John. This man wrote a novel in which access to a third-floor library is carefully guarded by a group of monks and in which William of Baskerville is tasked with solving a series of murders in medieval Italy. For ten points, name this author of Baudolino and The Name of the Rose

Umberto Eco BONUS: Eco's novel Foucault's Pendulum tells of three people who develop a fictional conspiracy called "The Plan," supposedly leading to the discovery of a lost treasure that belonged to this real-life group. ANSWER: Knights Templar (accept the Order of Solomon's Temple; accept Poor Fellow Soldiers of Christ and of the Temple of Solomon Page 5 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2016-2017 Bowl Backup Packet 1

(53) This leader backed the bombing of POLISARIO strongholds as part of Operation Lamantin. Austerity policies under this leader were implemented by his Prime Minister Raymond Barre. Abortion was (+) legalized by this leader's Health Minister Simone Veil. This leader was scandalized after he accepted diamonds as a gift from Jean-Bedel Bokassa. The (*) "trente glorieuses" period of prosperity came to an end under this leader, who became president after the death of Georges Pompidou. For the point, name this President of France wjho was succeeded by socialist Fran¸cois Mitterrand.

Valery Giscard d'Estaing

(5) In a letter to his wife, Walter Congreve stated he did not participate in this event as he "thought they might not be able to resist a general." On the 100th anniversary of this event, members of the Royal Welch Fusiliers recreated a (+) soccer game at a Frelinghien monument. Pope Benedict XV advocated for an official version of this event by asking "that the guns may fall (*) silent, at least upon the night the angels sang." A photo of this event shows British and German Soldiers standing arm-in-arm between opposing trenches. For ten points, name this very brief lull in World War I that took place in December 1914.

World War I Christmas Truce (accept descriptions of soldiers not fighting on Christmas; prompt on truce, ceasefire, etc.)

(5) The Royal Navy ship HMS Amethyst was trapped on this river for several months in 1949. A 1954 flood here devastated Hubei Province, and a series of canyons along its banks are the site of a project that displaced 1.3 million people and started producing power in 2003. This river is referred to in its native country as Chang Jiang. The Three Gorges Dam was built on, for ten points, what Chinese river that empties into the sea at Shanghai?

Yangtze River (or Chang Jiang before mention) BONUS: The baiji was a species of this animal that once dwelled in the Yangtze River. It was not found during a 2006 search and has been declared functionally extinct. ANSWER: river dolphin

(39) An expensive sound system ordered for this event was sabotaged the day before this event was planned to take place, but was repaired by the Army Signal Corps after demands by Walter Fauntroy. This event was called a "circus" in the "Message to the (+) Grassroots." Strom Thurmond called the organizer of this event " Communist, a draft dodger, and a homosexual;" that man, Bayard Rustin, worked with (*) Asa Philip Randolph to plan this event. One speech given at this event declared that "100 years later, the Negro is still not free." For the point, name this massive gathering in the nation's capital, at which Martin Luther King delivered the "I Have a Dream" speech.

March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom (accept descriptions) Page 9 NHBB Nationals Bee 2015-2016 Bee Final Round

(4) While this city was led for two decades by mayor Sharpe James, crime rates rose along the highly polluted Passaic River. James was the co-subject of the documentary Street Fight with his successor as mayor of this city, a man who took over Frank Lautenberg's Senate seat in 2013. In 2010, Mark Zuckerberg made a $100 million donation to this city's public school system. For ten points, name this city in New Jersey once led by current Senator Cory Booker.

Newark

(25) For 12 years, the organization that was supposed to meet at this location instead met at the Kroll Opera House. Much of the statuary on this building was removed by Paul Baumgarten before it underwent a renovation by Norman Foster. Three Bulgarians were arrested in connection with a crime at this building, though only Marinus van der Lubbe was executed for arson. An iconic photo taken here by Yvgeny Khaldei shows a Red Army soldier raising the Soviet flag over this building. For the point, name this Berlin building, where the German Bundestag now meets.

Reichstag Page 5 NHBB Nationals Bee 2015-2016 Bee Round 3

(19) During a rebellion against this ruler, a gale prevented Henry Stafford from importing troops from Brittany. This ruler allegedly ordered James Tyrell to murder Edward V and Richard of Shrewsbury, the "princes in the tower." In 2012, the body of this king was found in a Leicester parking space. The betrayal of the Stanley family led to this king's defeat to Henry VII at the Battle of Bosworth Field, marking the beginning of the Tudor dynasty. For the point, name this final king of the house of York.

Richard III

(12) During this event, one person pleaded with his attackers to "respect these grey hairs." After hearing of this event, Phillip II was said to have laughed for the only time on record. Pope Gregory XIII sent Charles IX a golden rose following the murder of the aforementioned Gaspard de Coligny [koh-lih-nee] during this event, which was probably ordered by Catherine d'Medici and took place shortly after Margaret of Anjou's marriage to Henry of Navarre. For the point, name this 1572 slaughter of Huguenots in Paris.

St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre

(30) This man developed a "Wheel Cipher" to prevent his mail being read. He developed a system of weights to tell the days of the week that goes through the floor of his house; that residence also includes a "polygraph" that makes a copy of all written documents on it. This man succeeded Benjamin Franklin as minister to France in 1784, leaving his home of Monticello. For the point, name this prolific Virginia inventor and politician whose epitaph fails to mention his service as the 3rd President of the United States.

Thomas Jefferson Extra Question Only read if moderator botches a question.

(9) In March 2016, researchers found thousands of artifacts from this man's ship Esmeralda off the coast of Oman. The Zamorin believed that this man was not a royal ambassador because his gifts contained no gold or silver. He named Natal while passing through on Christmas Day. The Sao Gabriel was the flagship of this explorer, who visited Mombasa and Calicut. For ten points, name this explorer who, under the patronage of Henry the Navigator, became the first European to see India while sailing for Portugal.

Vasco de Gama

(4) A painter from this city included nude nursing mother in the foreground of stormy landscape in his The Tempest That painter trained student who created an altarpiece for the (+) Pesaro family in the Frari, a church in this city, as well as a portrait of Charles V. Four bronze horses taken from (*) Constantinople during the Fourth Crusade are on the exterior of this city's Basilica of Saint Mark. For ten points, name this Italian city home to painters Titian and Canaletto.

Venice (or Venezia Page 10 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2016-2017 Bowl Backup Packet 1

(21) A video of the late Paul Lorieau performing this action was played at the April 2016 farewell to Rexall Place. In October 2014, this action was done at the Consol Energy Center, even though the Penguins were playing the Flyers, in honor of the victims of the Parliament Hall shooting. Unlike a similar action performed in America, fans often sing along with this action. For the point, name this patriotic performance, which ends with the line "we stand on guard for thee!" and is often followed by calls to "drop the puck."

singing/playing the Canadian national anthem at a hockey game (or singing/playing O Canada)

(27) In 2012, footage of this team surfaced, showing it divided up for "the Greatest Game Nobody Ever Saw" during a scrimmage in Monaco. Rod Thorn was warned that one member of this team would quit if Isiah Thomas were selected, so Clyde Drexler and Christian Laettner were the final selected members. Chuck Daly never called a timeout as coach of this team, the first of its kind to employ professionals. For the point, name this team led by Magic Johnson, Larry Bird, and Michael Jordan, which resoundingly won the gold medal in Barcelona.

the Dream Team (accept 1992 U.S. Olympic men's basketball team, prompting on partial answers)

(3) During this event, one perpetrator was caught on camera wearing a shirt that said "LOL." The victim of this event had, in 2001, fallen out with his family after using a fake passport to try to visit Disneyland Tokyo. The perpetrators of this event sprayed the nerve agent VX in the victim's face, having been told they were filming a scene for a prank TV show. For ten points, name this February 2017 incident at an airport in Kuala Lumpur that led to tensions between Malaysia and North Korea.

the assassination (or murder death, etc.) of Kim Jong Nam (prompt on partial answers; prompt on descriptions of "the assassination of Kim Jong-Un's (half)-brother" or "the assassination of Kim Jong-il's son")

(3) This event was investigated by Alden Smith, which found that it could be attributed to an "act of God." Benjamin Guggenheim died in this event, to which the Mount Temple reacted immediately, but the Californian ignored the rockets and Morse code signals. Other fatalities of this event included John Jacob Astor, but not Molly Brown, who later called herself "unsinkable." For ten points, name this April 1912 disaster in which a White Star liner on her maiden voyage struck an iceberg and sank.

the sinking of the RMS Titanic

(9) At this event, a man tried to clarify his quote about leaping into his grave laughing at the thought of killing people. Gideon Hausner gave many emotional speeches at this event, which William Buckley claimed was part of an overall (+) "refusal to forgive." This event came about after Peter Malkin and confederates captured a man living on Garibaldi Street in (*) Buenos Aires. During it, a man sitting inside a bulletproof glass booth explained that he felt no guilt for his actions. The phrase "banality of evil" appeared in a book about this event by Hannah Arendt. For ten points, name this 1960s trial in Israel of a high-ranking Nazi.

the trial of Adolf Eichmann

(11) The subject of this event was publically denounced by Tommaso Caccini. Robert Bellarmine labeled a belief of this event's subject as false and forbade its discussion. The subject of this event supposedly whispered "And yet it moves," though he was forced to publicly recant his beliefs. The Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems was banned as a result of, for ten points, what 1633 investigation in which the Catholic Inquisition forced a Copernican to deny the heliocentric view of the solar system?

the trial of Galileo Galilei (accept either underlined name; accept the Galileo affair; accept equivalents for trial and descriptions) BONUS: At least Galileo was only sentenced to house arrest; this other astronomer, who theorized that stars were merely "other Suns" and could have planets with extraterrestrial life was burned at the stake for his views. ANSWER: Giordano Bruno

(1) In 2013, a central figure in this case went on a speaking tour with Mike Hiestand. In Morse v. Frederick, the precedent set by this case was not followed in favor of one set by Bethel v. Fraser Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier restricted some of the freedoms granted by this case, whose dissent was written by Hugo Black and John Harlan. This case was precipitated when students refused to remove black armbands protesting American involvement in Vietnam. For ten points, name this Supreme Court case that forced an Iowa school to recognize the First Amendment rights of schoolchildren.

Tinker v. Des Moines (Independent Community School District)

(49) During one campaign, forces under this man took the noses of their enemies resulting in the creation of the "Ear Mound." One invasion by this man was ended by the Council of Five Elders who had taken control of his territory. Forces under this man lost the Battle of (+) Hansan Island due to the "crane formation" during one invasion, and that invasion later ended after this man's forces were defeated at (*) Noryang by Yi Sun-sin. For the point, name this constructor of Osaka Castle who ordered several invasions of Korea and whose death allowed the ascension of Tokugawa Ieyasu.

Toyotomi Hideyoshi

(7) This treaty was violated in the Lisbon Incident. This treaty prompted the "Finnish War," and one side gave up the Ionian Islands and Kotor in exchange for aid against the Ottoman Empire. The Free City of (+) Danzig and Duchy of Warsaw were recognized in this treaty. The Battle of Friedland prompted this treaty, which was reversed by a French invasion in 1812. This treaty was signed on the (*) Neman River when two emperors met on rafts. For ten points, name this treaty that forced Russia into joining the Continental System against Great Britain.

Treaty of Tilsit

(8) A 2015 Charles Leerhsen biography attempts to rehabilitate this man's image, which had largely been shaped by Al Stump's 1994 biography and an ensuing film, starring Tommy Lee Jones as this man. In May 1912, this man rushed the stands to attack a heckler who had lost his hands in a printing press accident. This center fielder received the most votes in the inaugural MLB Hall of Fame voting, 7 more than Babe Ruth or Honus Wagner. For ten points, name this Detroit Tiger legend who, until 1985, held the record for most career hits.

Tyrus "Ty" Cobb BONUS: In the inaugural Hall of Fame vote, two pitchers - a 300-game winner for the New York Giants, and a 400-game winner for the Washington Senators - were inducted. Name either. ANSWER: Christy Mathewson or Walter Johnson

(2) John Quincy Adams wrote that two pres dents were "for twelve years the tool" of one holder of this position. A member of the Kitchen Cab net who held this position founded Gallaudet University for the Deaf; that man was (+) Amos Kendall. Thomas J. Brady served under a holder of this position when he became embroiled in a Grant administration scandal involving the corrupt sale of "star (*) routes." Samuel Osgood was the first Constitutional holder of, for ten points, what position that lost Cabinet status in 1971, was officially first held by Ben Franklin, and oversees the delivery of mail?

United States Postmaster General

(1) Most contemporary reports of an event at this university did not list Claire Wilson's stillborn son as a victim. That event at this university was perpetrated by a former Marine who was killed by police officer (+) Houston McCoy. That event at this university was investigated by a commission appointed by Governor John (*) Connally, who was later injured in the Kennedy assassination. For ten points, name this state unversity where, in 1966, a sniper killed 14 people from The Tower in downtown Austin.

University of Texas at Austin BONUS: What word names a Jimmy Carter speech in which he criticized the "crisis of confidence" Americans were undergoing during the energy crisis? ANSWER: malaise speech

(11) One of this polity's colonies rebelled in the Revolt of St. Titus, and it feuded over Comacchio with Ercole [AIR-koh-lay] I of Ferrara in the Salt War. The Kingdom of Negroponte was a colony of this city, which was targeted by an alliance between Louis XII of France and Pope Julius II, resulting in the War of the League of Cambrai. The Arsenale, a massive shipyard, was built in, for the point, what "Most Serene Republic," an Italian city with many canals?

Venice Page 2 NHBB Nationals Bee 2015-2016 Bee Round 2

(15) After whiskey was smuggled into this location, the Eggnog Riots took place on Christmas Day. Samuel Holden Parsons took this location in 1778, and James Clinton ordered the building of a fort later named for him here. This longest (+) continuously occupied American base contains Fort Putnam and was established by Tadeusz Kosciuszko [tah-da-OOSH ko-SHOOS-koh] because of its position on the (*) Hudson River. The United States Corps of Cadets is trained at this location, which was almost turned over to the British by Benedict Arnold. For the points, name this home of the US Military Academy.

West Point

(3) A king of this dynasty named You disgraced the Marquis of Shen after divorcing his daughter for Bao Si, which led to the sacking of Hao. This dynasty, which was founded in the Wei river valley, won the Battle of Muye against Di Xin [dee shin]. The Eastern version of this dynasty featured the Hundred Schools of Thought during the Spring and Autumn Period, and this dynasty faded when the Warring States were unified into the Qin dynasty. For ten points, name this longest-lasting Chinese dynasty.

Zhou dynasty (accept Western Zhao until "Wei" is read, then accept Western and/or Eastern Zhao

(6) A procession celebrating this substance takes place in Bruges [broozh] on Ascension Day. This substance, which is created in the epiclesis, is addressed in a litany as the "refreshment of souls" and "price of our salvation" that is "flowing forth in the Agony." Weingarten Abbey contains a sample of this substance collected by Longinus. An act in persona Christi instills this substance in an unchanged species in the act of Transubstantiation. For ten points, name this substance that is represented in the Eucharist by wine.

blood of Christ (or Jesus for "Christ;" accept Holy Blood)

(1) In 2002, Isioma Daniel became the subject of one of these works after joking about the Miss World beauty pageant. Creators of these declarations are known as (+) muftis, though there is no international body to decide fiqh [feek] controversies over these declarations. (*) Osama bin Laden issued two of these statements prior to becoming head of al-Qaeda. For ten points, give this term for a legal opinion delivered by an Islamic jurist, one of which was delivered by Ayatollah Khomeini in 1989 authorizing the murder of Salman Rushdie for publishing The Satanic Verses

fatwas (or fatawa

(3) The head of this animal faces the viewer to symbolize the present in Titian's Allegory of Prudence A bust of a Roman emperor wears the skin of this animal and shows him holding two golden apples and a club. This animal is frequently shown with Saint Jerome, who legendarily tamed one, and a winged version of this animal is used to symbolize the Evangelist Saint Mark. For ten points, name this animal, a Nemean one of which was killed by Hercules.

lions (accept Nemean lion after "bust" is read) BONUS: This emperor was portrayed as Hercules wearing the pelt of the Nemean lion in that aforementioned bust, in which his facial features and hair resemble his father. ANSWER: Commodus (or Lucius Aelius Aurelius Commodus Page 3 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2016-2017 Bowl Round 2

(7) Description acceptable. One of these actions required Jack Jouett to traverse the Old Mountain Road to Charlottesville. A 16 year old girl defended herself with stick against bandit while performing this action, required because her (+) Colonel father received news about a plan against Danbury. Sibyl Ludington undertook one of these actions, another of which involved (*) Samuel Prescott and William Dawes as part of the "alarm and muster" system. For ten points, name this common action that allowed American colonists to prepare for British troops, thanks to people like Paul Revere.

midnight rides (accept descriptions of horseback rides to warn the colonists about the British until "British" is read; prompt on partial answers, like "horseback rides")

(4) A series of these events were overseen by man nicknamed "Waffle Nose," William Blandy, after being proposed by Lewis Strauss. One of these events codenamed Charlie had to be canceled because Baker, the previous one, was impossible to (+) clean up. Inhabitants of the Ralik archipelago and the workers on board the Daigo Fukuryu Maru, a Japanese (*) fishing boat, were sickened by Castle Bravo, one of these events in 1954. "Wahoo" and "Umbrella" were underwater examples of, for ten points, what military and scientific actions performed by the US at Bikini Atoll?

US nuclear weapon tests (accept anything related to tests of atomic bombs, hydrogen bombs, thermonuclear bombs, etc.) Page 10 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2016-2017 Bowl Playoff Packet 4

(30) During this president's tenure, the capture of a ship carrying munitions for Cuban revolutionaries led to the Virginius Affair, though the tension was defused by Secretary of State Hamilton Fish. The Transcontinental Railroad was completed during the tenure of this president, whose private secretary, Orville Babcock, was caught embezzling distillery taxes in Whiskey Ring scandal. The Credit Mobilier scandal hurt the credibility of, for the point, what president and former Union general during the Civil War?

Ulysses S. Grant Extra Question Only read if moderator botches a question.

(6) A cryptic letter written during this scandal notes "The aspens will already be turning. [...] Come back to work - and life." In this scandal, classified information was leaked by State Department official Richard Armitage, possibly as retribution for the "What I Didn't Find in Africa," op-ed opposing the invasion of Iraq. Lewis "Scooter" Libby was found guilty of obstruction of justice for his role in this scandal, which forced the resignation of its central figure. For ten points, name this 2003 scandal in which the wife of Joseph Wilson was publicly "outed" as a CIA agent.

Valerie Plame affair (accept Plamegate or anything that mentions Valerie Plame in any way) BONUS: "What I Didn't Find in Africa" found that Saddam Hussein did not, in fact, purchase massive amounts of the yellowcake version of what substance in Africa? ANSWER: yellowcake uranium

(13) This oration was preceded by a drunken speech in which the vice president could be heard asking "What is the name of the secretary of the navy?" This oration asks listeners to "judge not, that we be not judged" after pondering why men dare ask "a just God's assistance in wringing their bread from the sweat" of others. In accordance with the speaker's lenient "Ten-Percent" plan for the readmission of Confederate states, this oration advocates for "malice toward none" and "charity towards all." For the point, name this speech, given on March 4, 1865 by a successfully re-elected President.

Abraham Lincoln's second inaugural address (prompt on partial answers)

(6) This choreographer included step dances in a work set during the Irish War of Independence, The Informer. "The Accused" is ahistorcally declared guilty in her collaboration with Morton Gould about an axe murderer. This dancer, who depicted Lizzie Borden in Fall River Legend, choreographed the first ballet to include tap dancing and played the Cowgirl in an Aaron Copland ballet that ends with a Hoe-Down. For ten points, name this choreographer of Rodeo.

Agnes B. DeMille BONUS: Agnes DeMille's Rodeo was a sequel to this other Copland ballet, which depicts a "Gun Battle." ANSWER: Billy The Kid Page 4 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2015-2016 Bowl Backup Round 2

(5) This man secretly negotiated with Karl Wolff in Operation Sunrise. According to legend, after a failure by this man's organization, JFK wanted to "splinter [it] into a thousand pieces and scatter it into the winds." This member of the Warren Commission organized a coup with Kermit Roosevelt that sought to oust Mohammad Mosaddegh in Iran. The Bay of Pigs invasion was plotted by, for ten points, what Director of the CIA under Eisenhower and Kennedy?

Allen (Welsh) Dulles (prompt on Dulles) Page 1 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2016-2017 Bowl Round 8

(24) This man was the primary early backer of the failed Simplified Spelling Board project. A partner of this man, Henry Clay Frick, formed the South Fork Fishing and Hunting Club in Johnstown, Pennsylvania. This man temporarily became the richest American after selling his company to J.P. Morgan in 1901. The Homestead strike was directed against his Pennsylvania plant. For the point, name this Scotsman, the author of the essay "The Gospel of Wealth" and namesake of a powerful American steel company.

Andrew Carnegie

(4) This leader appointed special officials called dharma mahamatras to propagate morality and relieve suffering. He attemped to convert Antiochus II Theos to his religion, as recounted in an inscription on a pillar. This monarch erected another pillar that features four lions standing on top of a drum, the Lion Capital of Sarnath, one of many inscribed with his rock edicts. For ten points, name this Mauryan emperor of India who, after conquering Kalinga, converted to Buddhism.

Ashoka Maurya (or Ashoka the Great; or Asoka) BONUS: The aforementioned Antiochus II Theos was descended from Seleuceus I Nicator, one of the this group of generals, who fought a series of succession wars over Persia after the death of Alexander the Great. ANSWER: Diadochi Page 3 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2015-2016 Bowl Round 5

(5) Rick Sylvester performed a BASE jump off of this island's Mount Asgard at the beginning of The Spy Who Loved Me. This island, bounded on the west by the Fury and Hecla Strait, is home to a railroad project that may threaten the longest known line of ancient stone (+) inuksuit. Its largest city is home to a cathedral featuring a cross made of narwhal tusks and had its name changed from Frobisher Bay 12 years before becoming a territorial capital. (*) Davis Strait and its namesake bay separate it from Greenland. Iqaluit [ee-kah-loo-eet] is a city on, for ten points, what island, the world's fifth largest and the largest in Canada?

Baffin Island

(3) This modern-day country's intelligentsia were purged in Operation Searchlight. One politician from this country called for "every house to turn into a fortress" after an electoral victory by the Awami League. This country's independence was guaranteed as part of the Simla Agreement. In 2013, the deadliest collapse due to structural failure occurred in this country after the collapse of the Rana Plaza. For ten points, name this country formerly known as East Pakistan, whose capital is Dhaka.

Bangladesh

(20) This man was promoted to Major General after a victory at the Battle of Ridgefield. He led a force that raided New London as part of the Battle of Groton Heights. During one battle, this man was injured while attempting to take the Breymann Redoubt; that injury is memorialized by a statue of a boot. As a result of that battle, this man was stripped of his position by Horatio Gates, after which this man contacted Henry Clinton. For the point, name this American general who conspired to handover West Point to the British.

Benedict Arnold

(6) According to legend, a figure on a quadriga chariot atop this structure had its head turned towards the French Consulate when it was returned after the Napoleonic Wars. At this location, Leonard Bernstein conducted a rendition of Beethoven's Ninth Symphony with the word "joy" replaced with "freedom." Ronald Reagan gave a speech in front of this location that demanded that, if Gorbachev sought peace, he should "come here to this gate". For ten points, name this triumphal arch that formed part of the border between West and East Berlin.

Brandenburg Gate (or Brandenburger Tor)

(18) Albrecht von Wallenstein's greatest victory took place in one of these locations named Dessau. A famous painting of the battle of Arcole shows Napoleon with a French standard at one of these locations, and the battle of Luding was fought at one of these locations during the Long March. The Earl of Surrey retreated to Berwick after being defeated by William Wallace at one of these locations named Stirling, and Harold Hadrada was killed at a battle named for one of these locations at Stamford. For the point, name these structures that include the Golden Gate.

Bridges

(3) This building was commissioned by William Reynolds after the Dreamland fire at Coney Island. A request from Texaco executives for an exclusive restaurant led to the creation of this building's Cloud Club. This building's exterior displays gargoyles and a recognizable terraced crown. Upon its completion in 1931, this William van Alen-designed building stood taller than the Empire State Building. For ten points, name this Manhattan skyscraper of the Art Deco style whose construction was funded by an American car manufacturer.

Chrysler Building

(8) Prior to this event, despite iron rivets tearing holes due to hull twisting, the Viking expedition succeeded. Near the end of this event, Patrick Eugene Prendergast assassinated Carter Harrison. H. H. (+) Holmes operated his "Murder Castle" during this event, where Frederick Jackson Turner first described his Frontier thesis. Daniel (*) Burnham helped design the "White City" for, for the point, what 1893 World's Fair held in Chicago that commemorated the quadricentennial of a voyage to the New World?

Columbian Exposition (or 1893 World's Fair or 1893 Chicago World's Fair before 1893 is read, prompting on partial answers; do not accept 1933 Chicago World Fair) Page 2 NHBB Nationals Bee 2015-2016 Bee Playoff Round 1

(4) An agreement reached at this meeting was nearly torpedoed when Spain did not want to return Olivenca to Portugal. Decisions made at the Council of Chaumont were ratified at this meeting, which was hampered by a crisis over who would possess Saxony or Poland. This meeting, which largely sought to restore monarchs to their pre-war thrones, was interrupted by the Hundred Days, the return of Napoleon. For ten points, name this 1814-1815 peace conference held in the capital of Austria.

Congress of Vienna BONUS: This Austrian diplomat, the architect of the Carlsbad Decrees, chaired the Congress of Vienna. ANSWER: Klemens von Metternich

(3) Alongside Demetrius and Chalcis, one of Macedon's Three Fetters was located in the citadel of this city. This city's name entered Greek lexicon as a verb meaning "to have sex" due to prostitute priestesses at a temple to Aphrodite outside this city. This city was burned to the ground after its capture by Romans under Lucius Mummius, and gives its name to a league created by Phillip II of Macedon. For the point, name this Greek city, located on a namesake isthmus between the Peloponnese and Athens.

Corinth

(34) This island's short-lived constitution was the first in Europe to implement women's suffrage. Jean-Jacques Rousseau claimed that this island would astonish Europe in his (+) Constitutional Project for this island, which briefly was in a personal union with Britain during the French Revolution. This island lost its independence after the Battle of Ponte Novu, which destroyed a republic declared by (*) Pasquale Paoli, who fought for this island's independence from Genoa. Napoleon's family dropped the "u" from Buonaparte after the French conquered, for the points, what island, located north of Sardinia?

Corsica Page 8 NHBB Nationals Bee 2016-2017 Bee Final Round - JV

(24) In this country, the communist People's Vanguard Party was led during a civil war by Manuel Mora. The largest successful action of the Caribbean Legion was accomplishing the overthrow of a government in this country. This country endured a (+) brief civil war in 1948 in which Jose Figueres captured the city of Cartago. In the second half of the 20th century, this country experienced a lengthy (*) peaceful, democratic period during which it had no standing army. For the points, name this progressive Central American country that was once a candidate location for the Panama Canal.

Costa Rica

(9) Among one tribe, Valentine McGillycuddy was known as "Friend of" this man, who served as a decoy during the Fetterman Massacre. After fighting in Red Cloud's War, this man surrendered at Fort Robinson to George Crook and, four months later, was stabbed with a bayonet in an escape attempt. Korczak Ziolkowski died in 1982 before finishing a monument of, for ten points, what Lakota warrior who fought alongside Chief Gall and Sitting Bull in the Battle of Little Bighorn?

Crazy Horse (or Thasunke Witko

(3) In 1969, this man, along with Ralph Abernathy and Walter Mondale, led marches through the Coachella Valley against illegal immigration. Philip Vera Cruz resigned from this man's organization after this man endorsed Ferdinand Marcos. This man's Proposition 14 was defeated, but he did successfully lead the Delano Strike. March 31st is the namesake holiday of this man whose phrase "Si, se puede" [pway-day] inspired "Yes I can," President Obama's slogan. For ten points, name this co-founder, with Dolores Huerta, of the United Farm Workers union.

C´esar Estrada Ch´avez

(6) This composer's second piano concerto ends with a movement parodying Hanon exercises and was written for his son's nineteenth birthday. This man wrote a piece in three days for the 37th anniversary of the October Revolution. This composer of the Festive Overture wrote another work that was described in the spurious memoir Testimony as a "parody of shrillness" and in Pravda as "A Soviet Artist's Reply to Just Criticism." For ten points, name this composer whose fifteen symphonies include the Leningrad

Dmitry Shostakovich BONUS: Shostakovich's thirteenth symphony includes a setting of this Yevgeny Yevtushenko poem that commemorates a massacre of Ukrainian Jews during World War II. ANSWER: "Babi Yar Page 4 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2016-2017 Bowl Round 7

(9) Characters with this profession include Don Segundo Sombra and a companion of Sergeant Cruz who kills several people in knife fights. The two primary weapons used by this profession were the Facon blade and Boleadoras, or sets of weights connected by ropes. In a poem by Jose Hernandez, this is the profession of Martin Fierro, and it was taken up by mestizos who participated in the leather industry in the Pampas. For the point, name these cowboys of South America.

Gauchos (prompt on cowboys before read; prompt on cattle herders or similar answers)

(22) One of this composer's operas, featuring a ballet where roller skates were used to depict ice skating, was based on the Anabaptist rebellion in Munster led by John of Leyden. Felix Mendelssohn and this composer were the (+) targets of Richard Wagner's anti-Semitic tract "On Jewishness in Music." The final opera by this composer of Le proph`ete was a fictionalized depiction of (*) Vasco da Gama. Valentine loves the Protestant Raoul in another opera by this composer that ends with the St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre. For the points, name this composer of "grand operas" such as L'Africaine and Les Huguenots.

Giacomo Meyerbeer

(10) This man invented a precursor to the calculator, consisting of a cylindrical device with winding teeth of incremental length, known as his namesake "wheel." This man introduced the dx and dy notation for derivatives, which overtook the dot notation developed at Cambridge. Voltaire mocked this philosopher in Candide for claiming that we live in the best of all possible worlds. For the point, name this German philosopher and mathematician who, at the same time as Isaac Newton, developed calculus.

Gottfried Leibniz Page 2 NHBB A-Set Bee 2016-2017 Bee Round 1

(1) This man dueled Humphrey Marshall over a bill regulating suit cloths. This man was sued by his slave, Charlotte Dupuy, for her freedom, though he also helped found the colony of Liberia as president of the American Colonization Society. This man used the 36-30 line as a basis for determining the legality of slavery within a state in his Missouri Compromise. This proponent of the American System was accused of arranging a "Corrupt Bargain" with John Quincy Adams. For ten points, name this "Great Compromiser" from Kentucky.

Henry Clay BONUS: Henry Clay argued with Andrew Jackson over the federal funding of this Kentucky road. Its advocates believed it would strengthen the Cumberland trail, but funding was ultimately vetoed. ANSWER: Maysville Road

(16) This man was fined under the Gayssot Act for calling the Holocaust "just a detail in the history of World War II," and he once used a pun about a "crematorium" to refer to his rival, Michel Durafour. This man was routed in a 2002 election by a man using the slogan "Vote for the (+) Crook, not the Fascist." He was succeeded as party leader by his own daughter, who finished third in 2012 presidential voting behind (*) Hollande and Sarkozy. For the point, name this father of Marine, a right-wing French politician who led the National Front party until 2011.

Jean-Marie Le Pen Page 4 NHBB Nationals Bee 2015-2016 Bee Playoff Round 2

(5) A man from one city of this name promises to pay back fourfold for anything he had defrauded. That man, Za chaeus, was the chief tax collector of that city, which is also the destination of the man who is helped by the (+) Good Samaritan. A curse killed the first two sons of anyone who tried to rebuild another city of this name. The prostitute Rahab was spared from the destruction of this city by (*) hiding two spies under bundles of flax on her roof. For ten points, give the common name of two Biblical cities, the first of which was destroyed by Israelites circling its walls for seven days.

Jericho

(26) The Liwa Sub-Prefecture on the shores of this lake is a major center of natron extraction. Yedina people, also known as the Buduma, or "People of the Reeds," inhabit the many islands of this lake. The Jama'are and Hadejia Rivers, tributaries of this lake, have both been heavily dammed, which has partly led to this lake's contraction of over 95%, though a larger factor of that contraction has been irrigation projects that have rapidly dried up the Chari River. For the point, name this African lake that shares its name with a country with capital at N'Djamena.

Lake Chad

(2) One man refused to attend this event, calling it "the biggest cocaine money laundering scheme of all time." The organizer of this event paused after the line "The lesson today is how to die" during his performance of "I Don't Like Mondays." Phil Collins took the Concorde to attend both the Wembley Stadium and Philadelphia sites of this event, which Bob Geldof co-organized to protest Mengistu's genocide. For ten points, name this 1985 concert that raised money for Ethiopian famine relief.

Live Aid BONUS: At Wembley, this singer asked the crowd to join him in an "old Northern English folk song," then broke out into the Beatles' "All You Need Is Love." In 1977, he was banned from SNL for playing "Radio Radio" against NBC's wishes. ANSWER: Elvis Costello (or Declan Patrick MacManus Page 3 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2016-2017 Bowl Playoff Packet 6

(37) This man was the only survivor, as a slave from Illinois and two other men drowned, when this explorer's canoe capsized near the St. Louis Rapids. This man built a fort on Anticosti Island, which (+) Louis XIV [14] granted him in 1680; that occurred seven years after this explorer departed from St. Ignace, Michigan with a (*) Jesuit missionary on a trip intended to document unsettled areas of North America. For the points, name this French-Canadian explorer who traversed the Mississippi River with Jacques Marquette.

Louis Jolliet

(29) Theodore Roosevelt was angered by this man's decision to dissent in the breakup of the Northern Securities Company. This man's opinion in a case involving Silverthorne Lumber established the doctrine of "fruit from the poisonous tree." Abrams v. US featured the use of this "Great Dissenter's" "clear and present danger" standard, as did a 1919 case concerning draft dodging. For the point, name this Supreme Court justice who argued that the First Amendment does not allow one to shout "Fire!" in a crowded theater in his unanimous opinion to Schenck v. US.

Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr.

(10) The implementation of this policy was in question in Evenwel v. Abbott. In his decision in Reynolds v. Sims, Chief Justice Warren applied this principle, writing that "legislators represent people, and not acres or trees." In 2016, the Supreme Court upheld a ruling that convicted felons and children are included in one half of this policy, even though they are ineligible to participate in the other half. The U.S. Senate does not abide by this policy; after each census, districts are re-drawn to allow the House to more accurately abide by it. For ten points, give this four-word phrase for the idea that political power should be equal for all voters.

One person, one vote (accept man or woman for person; prompt on "redistricting") Page 2 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2015-2016 Bowl Round 7 Second Quarter

(13) This man supposedly protected the group "Los Extraditables" by working with M-19 to burn documents within the Palace of Justice. After the assassination of presidential hopeful Luis Carlos Garlan, authorities forced this rival of Los (+) Pepes to live in his private "prison," Las Catedral. This financier of Atl´etico Nacional was killed by the Search Bloc (*) police unit in 1993, ending his Medellin-based empire. Wagner Moura portrays this man in the Netflix series Narcos. For the points, name this Colombian "king of Cocaine," believed to be the richest criminal in history.

Pablo Escobar Page 3 NHBB Nationals Bee 2016-2017 Bee Playoff Round 2

(7) Description acceptable. The GIA, group of Algerian terrorists, bombed this system in 1995, wounding 13 people at Maison Blanche. In 1903, 84 people died using this system, mostly in Couronnes [koor own] This system, which was inspired by (+) Fulgence Bienven¨ue, opened during the 1900 Universal Exposition. It features many Hector Guimarddesigned entrances designed in the Art Nouveau style, and in 1930, it purchased a competitor run by the (*) North-South Company, thus incorporating Line 13 from Saint-Lazare. For ten points, name this public transit system of the French capital.

Paris M´etro (accept M´etro de Paris; accept M´etropolitain; accept descriptions of Paris' subway system, and prompt on partial answers thereof)

(6) In 1681, the people of this colony organized an unsuccessful "day of fasting and public prayer" after they thought that their leader had fallen ill due to a recent comet sighting; though John Cutt died, this state continued to observe Fast Day until 1991. Elizabeth Hanson, a resident of this colony, wrote a captivity narrative after being abducted during (+) Father Rale's War. Samuel Allen was the first governor of this colony, from which Benning Wentworth issued over one hundred land grants. The overlap between this colony's grants and those issued by (*) New York ultimately led to the creation of Vermont. For the points, name this American colony with capital at Concord.

Province of New Hampshire

(1) The commission investigating this event found its roots in "un-Americanism" and "paternalism." In claiming that this event forced the nation to "the ragged edge of anarchy," Richard (+) Olney issued injunctions against several of this event's leaders, though it took Nelson Miles to finally end it. Grover Cleveland deemed that this event disrupted (*) mail and sent in troops, angering the Governor of Illinois, John Peter Altgeld. Eugene Debs was arrested for his role in, for ten points, what 1894 strike in an Illinois company town by the American Railway Union?

Pullman strike (or boycott, etc.)

(26) The first holder of this position was the father-in-law of William Tecumseh Sherman. Another holder of this post, fearing substance abuse, banned Independence Day concerts held by The Grassroots and The Beach Boys at the (+) National Mall; that man was the controversial James Watt. Thomas Ewing first held this post, which was notoriously held by a man who collaborated with (*) Edwin Denby in leasing out Navy oil reserves to private businesses. For the points, name this post held by Albert Fall during the Teapot Dome scandal, a Cabinet secretary responsible for conserving federal land.

Secretary of the Interior (prompt on Interior alone) Page 6 NHBB Nationals Bee 2016-2017 Bee Final Round - JV

(10) This work's introduction notes that a warring country was "moved by insane delusion and reckless self-regard," but that their opponents "have run the risk of completing the ruin." It calculates a sum of ten billion dollars for claimed losses that would have been "a wise and just act to have asked [for]." This work argues against a "Carthaginian peace" that would exist if Georges Clemenceau's proposed reparations were authorized. For the point, name this 1919 book written by John Maynard Keynes [CANES] after he left the Paris Peace Conference in frustration at the negotiations of the Treaty of Versailles.

The Economic Consequences of the Peace Page 2 NHBB Nationals Bee 2015-2016 Bee Round 5

(19) Conspiracy theories about this event point to the paranoid "Mishcon note" that assails Tiggy Legge-Bourke. A film about this event, Unlawful Killing, blames this event on "gangsters in tiaras" who despised the Muslim faith of one person involved. The sole survivor of this event was bodyguard Trevor Rees-Jones. A song originally written about Marilyn Monroe, "Candle in the Wind," was re-released after this event by Elton John. Dodi Fayed also died in this event, which was caused by a drunken chauffeur, not paparazzi. For the point, name this August 1997 event in which a Princess of Wales was killed in a car crash.

The death of Diana, Princess of Wales (or the death of Diana Spencer or death of Princess Di; accept the death of Henri Paul; accept Princess Diana's car crash or equivalent descriptions; accept death of Dodi Fayed until his name is mentioned)

(6) This man was made governor of Magnesia after accusations that he had conspired with the traitor Pausanias forced him to flee his hometown. This man used the spy Sicinnus to bait an enemy fleet into fighting in the Saronic Gulf. In 483 BC, this man convinced his city to use profits from a silver strike at Laurium to build 200 triremes. The power of the Athenian navy grew immensely thanks to, for ten points, what Greek admiral who was victorious at the Battle of Salamis?

Themistocles BONUS: In 472 BC, Themistocles underwent this political punishment, an Athenian invention, in which the citizens of Athens voted to exile him from the city for 10 years. ANSWER: ostracism (accept word forms)

(5) While working under this man, William Joseph Hammer discovered what he called a "Phantom Shadow." An animal that had killed Jesse Blount was used in a famous demonstration filmed by this man's employees; that animal, named Topsy, was an elephant whose death was used by this man to show the dangers of a technology advocated by George Westinghouse. For ten points, name this opponent of alternating current, an American inventor sometimes known as "The Wizard of Menlo Park."

Thomas Alva Edison BONUS: The aforementioned "Edison Effect" is thermionic emission within one of these evacuated containers. Diodes are simple examples of these devices, which were quickly replaced by semiconductorbased transistors in early electronic computers. ANSWER: vacuum tubes (or electron tube; do not accept cathode ray tubes or other more specific answers)

(3) A member of the "neo-" school of this thinker's views, Paul R. Ehrlich, wrote about rising death rates and the self-sufficiency of India in a 1968 book titled for a certain quantity's (+) "bomb." This man argued that a certain payment system could be a form of surplus in The Nature of Rent. This economist contrasted the (*) arithmetic growth of the food supply with the geometric growth of the human population in his most famous work. For ten points, name this English economist whose An Essay on the Principle of Population predicted widespread starvation.

Thomas Robert Malthus (accept neo-Malthusian school)

(29) Rural inhabitants of this region were forced to relocate to government-standard quarters in the "Comfortable Housing" scheme. Leaders in this region were forced into signing a 17-point agreement after losing the Battle of Chamdo. This region's Potala Palace served as the residence of a holy figure until the People's Liberation Army forced him to flee this region for India. For the point, name this autonomous region of China led in exile by Tenzin Gyatso, the 14th Dalai Lama.

Tibetan Autonomous Region (accept descriptions of the Tibetan plateau, etc.)

(52) The realm named for this figure contained those who died of gout and was home to the ciuluhuexi [kwi-lu-HYU-shi] worm. Amaranth idols of this god were eaten during the Atemoztli festival dedicated to him, and in the (+) Tozoztontli featival, children were sacrificed to him. This husband of the "Jade-Skirted" (*) Chalchiuhtlicue [chal-chi-ut-lee-cue] was previously married to Xochiquetzal [sho-chi-KEY-tsal] until Tezcatlipoca kidnapped her. For the point, name this Aztec god of fertility and rain storms.

Tlaloc Page 12 NHBB Nationals Bee 2015-2016 Bee Final Round

(29) In 2001, many members of the Civic United Front fled this country after a hotly contested election sparked the January 27th protests. A leader of this country consolidated his base of power by founding the CCM political party and promulgated a brand of socialism whose name translates as "familyhood" or "ujamaa." In 1998, this country and Kenya suffered bombings at their U.S. embassies. Julius Nyerere [nya ray ray] once led, for the point, what African country that was created by the 1964 merger of the island of Zanzibar with the mainland region of Tanganyika?

United Republic of Tanzania

(1) According to legend, one of these people successfully carried water in a sieve to prove her innocence. They were responsible for the preparation of mola salsa, a mixture of flour and salt, that was used in every official (+) sacrifice. According to Zosimus's Historia Nova, the last of these people cursed Stilicho's wife Serena for desecrating the temple of Rhea Silvia. These people took a vow of (*) chastity for 30 years, that if broken, led to the violator being buried alive in the Campus Sceleratus. One of the chief duties of these people was to keep the sacred fire of the deity they served burning. For ten points, name these priestesses of the Roman goddess of the hearth.

Vestal Virgins

(12) This war began with the imposition of a ten cent tax, and Lynch's expedition was sent during this war to collect other taxes. During this war, the Cochrane and the Blanco Encalada defeated the ironclad Hu´ascar in the Battle of Angamos. One nation lost Tarapac´a and allowed the victor of this war to occupy Tacna and Arica, while another gave up the province of Antofagasta and its access to the sea. Control of saltpeter mines in the Atacama Desert was the impetus of, for the point, what 1879-1883 war in which Chile defeated Peru and Bolivia, named after a nearby ocean?

War of the Pacific (or Guerra del Pacifico)

(1) As head of the Commission on International Development Issues, this man claimed that latitude 30 degrees north demarcated rich and poor countries in his namesake report. He rejected the Hallstein Doctrine by signing the Basic Treaty with a neighboring country. This man was forced to retire after his aide, Gunter Guillaume, was discovered to be a Stasi spy. For ten points, name this socialist chancellor of West Germany who favored rapprochement with the East in his policy of ostpolitik

Willy Brandt BONUS: After the Guillaume Affair, Brandt was succeeded by this fellow Social Democrat. He founded the modern G8 along with the French president, Val´ery Giscard d'Estaing. ANSWER: Helmut Schmidt

(10) At the end of one speech, this man used the word "benignant" to compare the future to the Mississippi River, saying "Let it roll on full flood [...] to broader lands and better days." In that speech, this man praised the "prowess" and "devotion" of men who are "undaunted by odds, unwearied in their constant challenge" as they defend their country. For ten points, name this orator who stated "Never in the field of human conflict was so much owed by so many to so few," honoring the Royal Air Force during the August 1940 Blitz of Great Britain.

Winston Churchill BONUS: In the "Few" speech, Churchill praised "Dr. Benes," referring to Edvard Benes, the leader-in-exile of this European country, led under occupation by Emil Hacha. ANSWER: Czechoslovakia

(19) At the end of this war, the Agranat Commission investigated one side's lack of preparations to defend against Operation Badr. This war prompted the resignation of Golda Meir, who had been advised by Henry Kissinger not to launch a pre-emptive strike. This war began when Anwar al-Sadat ordered an attack on the Bar-Lev line. For the point, name this war in which Israel was surprised by a Syrian and Egyptian alliance on the Jewish Day of Atonement.

Yom Kippur War

(1) The timetable of this event had to be hurried after the central figure announced his plans to invade Parthia, and it began with a petition to recall the brother of Lucius Tillius Cimber. A series of bad dreams led Calpurnia to nearly prevent this event, which was organized by two men immortalized in Dante's ninth circle of Hell, Cassius and Brutus. For ten points, name this event that took place in 44 BC on the Ides of March and resulted in the death of a Roman dictator.

assassination of Gaius Julius Caesar

(7) The planners of this event were influenced by an incendiary letter from the doctor Cornelius Rhoads and wished to avenge Pedro Campos' failed revolution of October 30. Donald Birdzell was struck in the knee during this event, while Leslie Coffelt was mortally wounded. The target of this event had been temporarily moved to the Blair House thanks to ongoing renovations at the White House. Oscar Collazo and Griselio Torresola carried out, for ten points, what 1950 event in which Puerto Rican nationalists targeted the sitting president?

attempted assassination of Harry Truman (accept attack on Truman or similar phrasings that don't imply Truman died; do not accept or prompt on "assassination of Truman," because he didn't die)

(21) An early union for workers in this industry was led by Richard Frankensteen. In 1937, Richard Merriweather got his back broken by security guards working for this type of company. That attack pre-empted Walter Reuther's leaflet campaign advertising a union to workers in this industry, which was to have taken place on an overpass outside the River Rouge plant in Dearborn. For the point, name this industry, whose laborers are represented by the UAW in numerous Detroit-area factories, including those owned by Ford.

auto industry (accept any equivalent answer that describes building cars; accept Ford Motor Company before mentioned) Page 4 NHBB Nationals Bee 2015-2016 Bee Round 1

(3) This activity was re-affirmed to not be interstate commerce by Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr. in the case Flood v. Kuhn. One of this activity's first prominent regulators was Kennesaw Mountain Landis, who opposed racial integration within it. In 1908, a scandal in this activity mockingly dubbed "Merkle's Boner" controversially favored Chicago. In 1919, "Shoeless" Joe Jackson was banned from this activity in the wake of the Black Sox scandal. For the point, name this sport whose color barrier was broken in 1947 by Jackie Robinson.

baseball (accept Major League Baseball or MLB)

(7) These weapons were used in coordination with panokseon to win the Battles of Okpo and Myeongnyang for Yi Sun-Shin. Lennart Torstenson commanded these weapons effectively to thwart Count Tilly's advance at (+) Breitenfeld, and early heavy-usage of these these weapons doomed John Talbot at Castillon. Variants of these weapons included serpentines and culverins, and Orban introduced them to (*) Mehmed II, allowing the capture of Constantinople. For ten points, name these weapons mounted on galleons and frigates, large guns that shot heavy stone and metal balls.

cannons

(3) The Latin term which became this economic phrase originated from the term for a head of cattle. The rate of return on this quantity being higher than the rate of growth in a country's economy leads to inequality according to Thomas Piketty's 2013 work describing "this concept" in the 21st Century. The exploitation of labor by the bourgeoisie was criticized in 1867 in an economic text by this name written by Karl Marx. For ten points, name this economic concept, a factor of production used to produce other goods.

cap tal (accept Cap tal in the 21st Century; accept Das Kap tal; accept cap talism until "quantity" is read in the second sentence)

(8) Canute IV of Denmark and his brother Benedict were murdered by angry peasants in one of these buildings in Odense, where their bodies remain. One of these buildings, built in Mantua by Leon Alberti, has coffers painted on its large barrel vault. The construction of one of these buildings was funded by the Arte de Lana, and is topped by a double brick dome designed by Brunelleschi in Florence. Il Duomo is, for the point, what type of Christian religious building?

cathedrals (prompt on churches)

(28) In 1851, the first international tournament of this game took place in London; during a break in the action, Adolf Anderssen and Lionel Kieseritzky competed in the "Immortal Game." This game's "Game of the Century," played at the Marshall Club in New York, involved former U.S. Open champion Donald Byrne losing to a 13-year-old. For the point, name this game, mastered by Bobby Fischer, Magnus Carlsen, and the Deep Blue computer, which often concludes with a checkmate.

chess

(2) This phrase names a speech by Lord Palmerston that claimed all British subjects "shall feel confident that the watchful eye and strong arm of England will protect him against injustice and wrong." in response to the Don Pacifico affair. It was first used by Cicero as the prosecuting lawyer against Gaius (+) Verres, and was used by Saul of Tarsus to demand a fair trial in the Book of Acts. This phrase was called "the (*) proudest boast" "two thousand years ago" by John F. Kennedy, who said that the modern day equivalent of this phrase was "Ich bin ein Berliner." For ten points, give this Latin phrase that translates to "I am a Roman citizen."

civis romanus sum (phonetic, or as [hee-wees romanus soom] from kids who know their classical Latin; prompt on English translations that approximate "I am a Roman citizen")

(3) The document NSC-68 supported this policy, as did a work analyzed by Clark Clifford and George Elsey, the Long Telegram. This policy was criticized by Barry Goldwater, who instead asked, "Why not victory?" James Forrestal was called the "godfather" of this policy for disseminating the X Article. Alternate strategies to this policy were isolationism, detente and rollback. This policy, created by George Kennan, inspired the Truman Doctrine and Marshall Plan, along with the creation of NATO. For the point, name this policy that sought to restrict the advance of Communism during the Cold War.

containment

(13) One ruler performed this action after witnessing a monk called Poppo hold a red-hot iron without getting burned. Another ruler who performed this action shoved a snake with a hot poker down Raud the Strong's throat for refusing to perform this action. The Jelling runestones commemorate this action, which was performed by the kings Harald Bluetooth and Olaf Tryggvason. For the point, name this action that involved abandoning a religion that worshipped Odin and Thor in favor of a religion that worships Jesus.

converting to Christianity (accept equivalents; accept more specific things like getting baptized; prompt on converting from Norse paganism)

(26) This event was precipitated by the directions of a farmer leading to a place known as "Old Peak." The party at the forefront of this event had sailed down the Urubamba River in their search for Vitcos. Pictures of the Altar of the Condors and Inti Watana stone were taken as a result of this event, which was believed by one participant to have taken place at Vilcabamba, where citizens had fled after the conquests of Pizarro's conquistadors. For the point, name this 1911 event in which a party led by Yale's Hiram Bingham "discovered" an eminent Incan city.

discovery of Machu Picchu ("discovery" not needed after mentioned; accept descriptions, especially those that say that locals knew about it the whole time) Page 5 NHBB Nationals Bee 2015-2016 Bee Round 1

(47) Diocles invented cissoid curves to solve this problem. Menaechmus discovered conic sections while investigating this problem, giving a solution to it by finding the intersection of two parabolas. This problem was legendarily posed in relation to an altar to Apollo by the (+) Oracle at Delos. This problem was shown impossible when Pierre Wantzel proved that a compass and straightedge alone cannot construct the (*) cube root of 2. For the point, name this ancient Greek problem which attempted to enlarge a certain three-dimensional figure.

doubling the (volume of a) cube (accept duplicating the cube, accept the Delian problem before "Delos" is read)

(1) This initiative was made possible when one army was given the "Halt Order" and told to withdraw to the Canal Line at Lys. May 26 was declared a national day of prayer out of George VI's desperation to see this initiative succeed. This initiative, codenamed Operation Dynamo, involved the use of fishing boats and civilian ships, and its end prompted Winston Churchill to give the "We shall fight on the beaches" speech. For ten points, name this "miracle" in which Allied forces were delivered from a namesake French beach in 1940.

evacuation from Dunkirk Dunkirk is all that is needed; accept Operation Dynamo before mentioned; prompt on descriptive answers related to evacuating France in 1940, escaping the Nazis,

(10) These people denounced others as "clinging vines" in the first issue of a magazine named for them. Dorothy Bromley described these people as "truly modern," and Max Fleischer created a cartoon version of this type of person that Hays Code regulators eventually altered. F. Scott Fitzgerald wrote a collection of short stories titled for these people and "philosophers." Followers of this style, a descendant of the Gibson Girl, often engaged in "petting parties," bobbed their hair, and resisted Prohibition. For ten points, name this generation of young women in the Roaring Twenties.

flapper BONUS: This aforementioned cartoon character, created by Max Fleischer and inspired by singer Helen Kane, made her last appearance in 1939. ANSWER: Betty Boop (accept either or both names)

(19) One type of these objects, the trace italienne, featured a low glacis [glah-see]. Ravelins and tenailles [tehn-aye] could be added to increase the efficacy of these objects. The theory of the construction of these things was the specialty of Marshal Vauban. The medieval enceinte [ohn-sahnt] were one type of these constructs, which can be supported by redoubts and are often accompanied by breastworks and ditches. For the point, name this defensive structure that comes in star and bastion varieties.

fortifications (prompt on defensive structure; do not accept or prompt on castle)

(17) During this type of event, "Soapy" Smith was killed in a shootout between two rival gangs. The publicity campaign for one of these events was managed by Samuel Brannan. One of these events caused the expansion of the towns of Dyea, Skagway, and Dawson City, and another of these events began with a discovery on Sutter's Mill. For the point, name these crazes where prospectors flocked to the Klondike or to California in search of a precious metal.

gold rushes (accept Klondike Gold Rush; accept California Gold Rush)

(8) A group named after one of these objects was a militant wing of Narodna Odbrana that planned assassinations of Nikola Pasic and the future Alexander the Unifier. A red one of these objects represents the County of (+) Ulster. The instigator of the May Coup, Apis, led an organization named after this type of object. Tommie (*) Smith and John Carlos clenched and raised these things on the podium after placing in the 200 meter sprint at the 1968 Olympics. A "black" one of these body parts names the terrorist group that assassinated Franz Ferdinand. For ten points, name this body part people would present while giving the Nazi salute.

hands (accept Black Hand at any point; accept Red Hand after "red" is read; accept equivalents like fist; do not accept arm) Page 10 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2015-2016 Bowl Round 3 Extra Question Only read if you need a backup or tiebreaker!

(5) The ZLB problem refers to situ tions where this quantity approaches zero. The difference between two rates of this quantity is measured by the TED spread by using LIBOR, version of this quantity that was (+) fraudulently manipulated in London, and this value for the U.S. Treasury bond. This quantity approaches zero in a liquidity trap, a situation that the U.S. has employed (*) quantitative easing to try to avoid. In banking, an annual form of this quantity is described by the APR. For ten points, name this value which comes in simple and compound forms and represents the cost of borrowing money.

interest rate

(8) A 2011 Mother Jones article exposed that employees of QPP suffer from neuropathy caused by inhaling aerosolized matter. Charles Neill and James Reynolds investigated this industry. The author of How to Win Friends and Influence People, Dale Carnegie, gained recognition as a salesman in this industry. Andrew (+) Chase, at the behest of Swift and Company, created a refrigerated rail car for use in this industry, which was the subject of the 1904 Union (*) Stockyards strike. The Pure Food and Drug Act was prompted by poor conditions in, for ten points, what food-related industry whose firms include Armour and Hormel?

meatpacking (prompt on food industry and similar) Page 12 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2015-2016 Bowl V Semifinals and JV Finals

(13) One man known to Europeans by this title won the 1913 battle of Dul Madoba over British troops. The Dervish State was led by the so-called "Mad" leader of this type in what's now Somalia. Another leader who took this title lost an (+) eye in battle, perhaps at Arghandab or Jalalabad, in the late 1980s; that man of this title ordered that giant Buddha statues at Bamiyan be blown up and went into hiding among (*) Pashtuns after a 2001 American invasion ousted his government. For the point, name this title used for an educator in Islam at many Shi'a madrassas, which Muhammad Omar took as leader of the Afghan Taliban.

mullahs (or mawlahs; accept Mad Mullah before "eye" is said; accept sheikh before "Mad" is said)

(4) Avici is one of these places situated in Naraka in Buddhism. The Florentine Codex describes Tlalocan, one of these places ruled by Chalchiuhtlicue [chall-wee-tl'ee-koh] and Tlaloc, as a region characterized by water. Hun-Came, the owner of a ball court, rules another one of these places, another of which is called Yomi in Shinto traditions. The Isles of the Blessed comprise one of these, along with the Asphodel Fields and Elysium, in Greek mythology. For the point, name these spiritual places ruled by gods like Osiris and Hades, the home of spirits of the dead.

mythical underworlds (accept descriptions of realms of the dead, including hell)

(4) Matthew Fontaine Maury designed torpedoes that were used by this navy, which was coordinated by Stephen Mallory. The Housatonic was sunk by a submarine operated by this navy, the Hunley. Officer Raphael Semmes captained this navy's commerce raider Alabama, and this navy used blockade runners to smuggle cotton out of its ports. For the point, name this navy, which was blamed for the loss of New Orleans to Union forces in 1862.

navy of the Confederacy (accept navy of the Confederate States of America; accept navy of the CSA)

(5) These figures were alleged to have been able to walk on water with a type of wooden shoe called the "water spider." One of these figures replicated the enemy's crest on the lanterns of his troops to gain entrance into that enemy's army. A famous person of this type nicknamed "Devil" led his lord to safety through Iga province. Hattori Hanzo was a member of this profession, also known as shinobi, who served Tokugawa Ieyasu. For ten points, name these stealthy mercenaries from feudal Japan.

ninja (accept shinobi before mentioned) Page 1 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2016-2017 Bowl Round 5

(1) To prevent complications in this process, the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin is used. Bruce Reitz and Thomas Starzl were innovators in this process, which Sir Roy Calne revolutionized by introducing ciclosporin, an immunosuppressant, to prevent rejection. Christiaan Barnard performed the first instance of this process involving the heart. For ten points, name this medical process in which another person's living tissue surgically replaces a damaged or missing system.

organ transplant (accept descriptive answers; prompt on partial answers, like surgery) BONUS: Rapamycin is named in honor of Rapa Nui, the native name of this island, where it was isolated in 1972. ANSWER: Easter Island

(14) A character decides to take up this profession after he is framed in an assassination plot and sentenced to face tattooing and permanent exile. The so-called "Original Seven" people with this profession deprive a corrupt imperial tutor of the gifts from his birthday procession. A novel sometimes titled after a group of people with this profession opens with a description of 108 spirits being released from a turtle shell. For the point, name this profession, the subject of the Chinese novel Water Margin, which is often alternatively titled for these people of the Marsh.

outlaws (or Outlaws of the Marsh; or equivalents such as thieves or bandits)

(23) The Radcliffe Line determined the boundary for this event. The Lahore Resolution was an early precursor to this event, which took place according to the terms of the Mountbatten Plan. Major proponents of this event included Muhammad Ali Jinnah, though conflicts that arose out of it resulted in the deaths of almost 500,000 Hindus and Muslims. For the point, name this 1947 action that split a British colony into a predominantly Hindu nation and the predominantly Muslim Pakistan.

partition of India (accept equivalents; prompt on "Indian independence" or "Pakistani independence")

(6) In the 16th century, Wang Zi combined his merchant business with this profession, establishing himself on the Goto Islands. Cheung Po Tsai became a member of this profession after being kidnapped by Cheng I, who himself was a member of this profession. Gwanggaeto the Great defeated the Wokou, Japanese members of this profession. After the death of her husband, Ching Shih took control of a large group of these people. In this role, Cai Qian led numerous raids on Taiwan and defeated the Qing [CHING] Navy at Wenzhou. For ten points, name this illicit profession of sea-based thievery.

pirates (accept similar answers such as raiders) BONUS: The Wokou were targeted in this 1419 offensive by the Joseon dynasty, which targeted their base on Tsushima Island. ANSWER: Gihae Eastern Expedition (accept Oei Invasion) Page 4 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2015-2016 Bowl Round 13

(6) English cities that produced this resource were often given the suffix "-wich." L¨uneburg's Hanseatic status was due to this good, which was shipped from Lbeck to the Scania Market. M¨unich was founded using revenue from this resource. The gabelle was a controversial French tax on this good. Venice and Ferrara feuded over the production of this good in the Commachio, leading to a namesake war. For ten points, name this good, which comes in rock and sea varieties and is used to preserve fish.

salt

(8) This discipline is studied in a sociological way by David Bloor, which argues against its ANT theory. Paul Feyeraband developed a theory of "epistemological anarchism" in describing this discipline. The problem of induction is often studied by philosophers studying this topic to analyze the validity of its findings. Martin Gardner advocated for a "I know it when I see it" standard when discussing how to find false versions of this practice, such as phrenology and homeopathy. For ten points, name this process of organizing knowledge in the form of testable hypotheses and predictions.

science (accept word forms) BONUS: Karl Popper developed this criteria for identifying the validity of a given scientific proposition. It requires that the result be possible to prove wrong. ANSWER: falsifi bility (accept word forms)

(11) William Alden Smith led a U.S. Senate probe into this event in an attempt to find malpractice. In 2016, Senan Molony suggested that this event was caused by a three-week-long coal fire, which weakened the bulkhead. The Californian failed to respond quickly to this event, which was described as an "act of God" when the White Star Line was found not to be at fault. Survivors of this event were rescued by the Carpathia from lifeboats. For the point, name this 1912 disaster involving a British passenger liner that struck an iceberg in the North Atlantic.

sinking of the RMS Titanic

(6) Abraham Woodhull and Robert Townsend performed this action after being recruited by Benjamin Tallmadge. While performing this action, Hercules Mulligan used his slave Cato as a courier. John Champe defected to the British army while performing this action, and while working for the British in London, Edward Bancroft performed this action. The Culper Ring was created to perform this action, whose perpetrators were considered illegal combatants. For ten points, name this wartime act for which Nathan Hale was hanged.

spying for the United States (accept equivalents; prompt on partial answers)

(9) John Farmer exposed Billy Hutchinson's lies about being at this event. During this event, an ACARS message was sent reading "Plz confirm all is normal." Thomas Burnett ended a phone call during this event with "Don't worry, we're going to do something." This event concluded with Todd Beamer calling "Are you guys ready? Okay. Let's roll!" as recorded on a black box. Ziad Jarrah led hijackers on, for ten points, which part of the 9/11 terrorist attacks that ended in a field in Pennsylvania?

the hijacking of United Flight 93 (prompt on September 11th terrorist attacks before mentioned) BONUS: This detainee at Guantanamo Bay is considered the "architect" of the 9/11 attacks, having convinced Osama bin Laden to crash planes into specific targets. ANSWER: Khalid Sheikh Mohammed Page 5 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2015-2016 Bowl Round 12

(10) In 2001, Trent Dilfer was chosen to deliver this phrase instead of Ray Lewis, possibly due to Lewis' connection to a double murder. The first commercial use of this phrase was by Phil Simms in January 1987. This phrase is often recorded twice, with different names, for marketing purposes, and is traditionally accompanied by the song "When You Wish Upon a Star". For the point, give this phrase traditionally spoken by the newly-announced Super Bowl MVP as a response to the question "What are you going to do next?"

"I'm going to (Walt) Disney World!" or "I'm going to (Walt) Disney Land!" Page 2 NHBB Nationals Bee 2015-2016 Bee Round 1

(12) Brands of these goods include Montecristo, Romeo y Julieta, and Cohiba, the last of which is produced by the state-owned company Habanos. Lectors once read aloud as entertainment in (+) factories where these goods were produced. A decade before the formation of the AFL, a union for the making of these goods elected Samuel Gompers as its president. Shortly before restricting the (*) importation of these goods from one country, John F. Kennedy placed an order for 1,200 of them. The lifting of the Cuban embargo promises to increase importation of, for the point, what tobacco products?

cigars (accept Cuban cigars, even though Gompers isn't Cuban) Page 3 NHBB Nationals Bee 2015-2016 Bee Playoff Round 2

(5) Barbara Ortiz Howard and Susan Ades Stone are leaders of an organization that supported this goal. A controversial projection for this goal suggested that a portrait by John Trumbull would be preserved on the obverse. A similar honor has more recently been bestowed on a co-publisher of The Revolution, as well as the Shoshone guide, Sacagawea. The success of this goal was officially announced in April 2016 by Jack Lew, the Treasury Secretary. For ten points, name this campaign that will replace Andrew Jackson with Harriet Tubman on a certain form of American legal tender.

putting a woman on U.S. paper currency (accept any specific denomination, including $20 or $10 bills; prompt on partial answers, like "putting a woman on U.S. money"; do not accept or prompt any mention of coins) BONUS: The success of this composer, actor, and librettist's musical Hamilton led Treasury Secretary Lew to reverse plans for putting a woman on the $10 bill. ANSWER: Lin-Manuel Miranda

(6) Abdul ibn Baz authorized the use of deadly force in this event against his former students. Christian Proteau helped plan the response to this event, whose perpetrators were charged with "misidentifying the Mahdi." This event was carried out by members of the Ikhwan militia under Juhayman al-Otaibi, and King Khaled caved to their demands rather than crack down on extremism. The perpetrators of this event called for the overthrow of the House of Saud. For ten points, name this 1979 event that began when extremists seized the Mecca complex housing the Kaaba.

raid of the Grand Mosque (accept alternatives like "seizure" instead of "raid") BONUS: Three members of the GIGN, this country's special forces and counter-terrorism unit, advised the raid on the Grand Mosque. ANSWER: France Page 4 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2015-2016 Bowl Round 11

(8) Upon winning a game in this sport, Vitas Gerulaitis noted that "nobody beats Vitas Gerulaitis 17 times in a row!" In 2016, Raymond Moore, a tournament director in this sport, resigned after saying that women in this sport "are very, very lucky" to "ride on the coattails" of its men. In 2007, the final major championship of this sport announced gender pay equity; that championship is held at the All-England Club. For ten points, name this sport played at Wimbledon by Serena Williams and Roger Federer.

tennis

(9) A Venetian-held territory named for this region was centered around the Bay of Kotor. This region was briefly ruled by the Angevin Charles I and first became an independent principality thanks to the archon (+) Progon. This region's tribes were united by the League of Lezh¨e until the Siege of Shkodra. The Ottoman (*) conquest of this region was frustrated by the great general Skanderbeg. For ten points, name this region, historically ruled from Durazzo in the Illyrian region of the Balkans, that is now a modern country with capital Tirana.

Albania (prompt on the Balkans before mentioned) Page 2 NHBB Nationals Weekend Extras 2016-2017 Bowl Tiebreaker 1

(12) This man and Willem de Sitter name a flat solution to the FLRW metric. A relation named for this man and Smoluchowski models diffusion. This scientist explained Brownian motion using a molecular-kinetic theory of heat in "On the Movement of Small Particles Suspended in a Stationary Liquid." Another of this scientist's papers, called "On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies," modifies Maxwell's equations in the limiting case when speeds approach the speed of light. For the point, name this scientist who, during his "Annus Mirabilis" in 1905, proposed the theory of special relativity.

Albert Einstein

(12) This was the first woman to be crowned with St. Edward's Crown, which was usually reserved for males. The "Spanish Chronicle" describes how Thomas Cromwell plotted to remove this figure from power. She was allegedly betrothed to Henry Percy before that arrangement was broken by Cardinal Wolsey. This figure's downfall came when Mark Smeaton confessed to being her lover, and she was replaced by Jane Seymour. For the point, name this second wife of Henry VIII and mother of Elizabeth I.

Anne Boleyn (prompt on Anne)

(1) This kingdom's James published an early book on maritime law and was forced to give up his northern claims after the Treaty of Corbeil. A crusade against this kingdom was ended by the Treaty of (+) Tarascon. This kingdom opposed the Albigensian Crusade targeting its neighbor to the north, Toulouse. This kingdom annexed (*) Sicily after the War of the Sicilian Vespers and came to dominate the western Mediterranean. For ten points, name this kingdom that, after the marriage of Ferdinand and Isabella, joined with Castile.

Aragon BONUS: What civil rights leader was the 4th chairman of the SNCC and popularized the term "Black Power" at a speech given at the March Against Fear? ANSWER: Stokely Carmichael (accept Kwame Ture

(17) The loser of this battle blamed his wife for circumventing his protective magic charms. A decisive charge from Joseph Daveiss's dragoons helped conclude this battle, in which Spier Spencer's Yellow Jackets joined the winning side beforehand. Prophetstown was burned in the aftermath of this defeat for Tenskatawa, the brother of Tecumseh. For the point, name this battle in the War of 1812 whose legacy was used in the presidential campaign of its winning general, William Henry Harrison.

Battle of Tippecanoe

(33) Shortly after the end of this conflict, an Arab League summit was held in Cairo; just hours after that, Gamal Abdel Nasser suffered a fatal heart attack. The winning side in this conflict received military training from General (+) Zia ul-Haq. This conflict was sparked by the establishment of a "Revolutionary airport" at Dawson's Field, leading King Hussein to declare martial law. A group (*) named after this conflict took hostage and killed 11 Israeli athletes during the 1972 Munich Olympics. For the point, name this month long civil war in Jordan that led to the expulsion of the PLO.

Black September

(3) A siege in this conflict included the death of man immortalized in John Greenleaf Whittier's poem "Burial of Barber." Franklin Coleman's killing of Charles Dow sparked this conflict's (+) Wakarusa War. A prominent group in this conflict was inspired by David Rice Atchison's rhetoric to cast ballots in a certain state. The (*) "Border Ruffians" were one faction of this conflict, which was inflamed by the proposal of the Lecompton Constitution. The sack of Lawrence occurred during, for ten points, what pre-Civil War conflict between pro-slavery and anti-slavery factions in a Midwestern state?

Bleeding Kansas (accept Bloody Kansas; accept the Border War; accept Wakarusa War before mentioned)

(9) In 1941 event known by this name, 12,000 Jews were driven out of Stanislaw´ow [stan is wa vof ] by the SS and shot. In another event with this name, 250 ethnic Germans were shot by retreating Polish soldiers in Bydgoczsz [bid GOESH] Another event with this name began with strike at the (+) Putilov Factory and involved a petition co-authored by Ivan Vasimov asking for measures an eight hour work day. Father Gapon led a 1905 protest in an event of this name in which workers in (*) St. Petersburg were fired upon by orders of Tsar Nicholas II. For ten points, give this common name for European massacres that took place on an otherwise holy day of the week.

Bloody Sunday

(8) The Crescentii helped one person with this name gain power upon the ascension of Otto II. Another person with this name issued Etsi du statu upon receiving an embargo for writing Clericos Laicos. An Anglo-Saxon who took this name felled Donar's Oak, and a pope of this name declared that the church wielded two swords in Unam Sanctum. For ten points, give this name for a pope who fought with Philip IV and a saint who converted many in early 8th century Frisia and Germany.

Boniface (accept Franco until "Etsi" is read)

(5) One ruler of this region hosted the Feast of the Pheasant to drum up support against the Turks. After fighting in the battle of Nicopolis, John of this region received the nickname "The Fearless." One ruler of this region presented the massive cannon Mons Meg to James II of England, and another ruler of this region formed the League of the Public Weal. Joan of Arc was handed over to the English by Philip the Good of this region, which lost power at the battle of Nancy following the death of Duke Charles the Bold. For ten points, name this powerful region of medieval France.

Burgundy BONUS: Charles the Bold of Burgundy was isolated from his British allies after this scheming French monarch signed the Treaty of Picquigny. ANSWER: Louis the Spider Page 4 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2015-2016 Bowl V Quarterfinals and JV Semifinals

(2) This man, who John Adams once called "the oddest looking man in the world," supposedly remained a bachelor after his love interest, Molly Vining married a rector. A disagreement between George Read and Thomas McKean led to this man showing up to a meeting in muddied boots after a seventy-mile journey from Sussex County in his home state to Philadelphia. For the point, name this man whose late-night ride allowed him to break a tie and cast Delaware's decisive vote in favor of independence.

Caesar Rodney

(68) This composer researched English folk melodies for his opera Henry VIII and led a failed attempt to boycott German music during World War I. This composer used the xylophone to represent dancing skeletons multiple times, such as in the "Fossils" section of a work that he refused to publish in full. This composer did allow the publication of a movement that uses the cello and piano to depict a bird floating on water. For the point, name this composer of the Dance Macabre who included "The Swan" in his Carnival of the Animals.

Camille Saint-Saens

(8) This agreement was the culmination of one nation's desire to uphold UN Resolution 242. Shuttle diplomacy was used in the making of this agreement, which failed to address the "right of return." This agreement, which paved the way for the future Oslo Accords, called for freedom of passage in the Straits of Tiran and Suez Canal. The Nobel Peace Prize was awarded to two signatories of this agreement, Menachem Begin and Anwar Sadat. For the point, name this agreement between Egypt and Israel that was brokered by Jimmy Carter.

Camp David Accords

(10) A county centered on this city was often merged with the County of Raz`es. This city's most prominent features were restored by Eugene Viollet-le-Duc. Raymond-Roger Trenceval was killed while negotiating the surrender of this city, which was then given to Simon de Montfort. After the sack of B´eziers, this city was besieged by papal legate Armand Amaury, who expelled its population after it was captured in the Albigensian Crusade. For ten points, name this Cathar stronghold, a historic walled city in southern France.

Carcassonne BONUS: Carcassonne was ruled by Duke Raymond VI of this county, which fell under French rule following the Albigensian Crusade. It shares its name with the fourth largest city in France. ANSWER: Toulouse

(11) This figure formed the League of the Rhine to check Austrian expansion. This figure was exiled to Germany after attempting to arrest the Grand Cond´e, Louis de Bourbon, but returned with the help of the marshal Turenne. In his early years, this man assumed a co-regency with Anne of Austria. Though he secured peace with Spain in the Treaty of the Pyrenees, this man's tax policies led to the Fronde revolt. For the point, name this man who advised Louis XIV of France and succeeded the duke of Richelieu as cardinal.

Cardinal Jules Raymond Mazarin (or Giulio Raimondo Mazzarino)

(10) Due to his cruelty, this man was replaced by Francisco de Bobadilla in a position that he had been granted by the Capitulations of Santa Fe. This man outlined what he was owed by the Spanish Crown in the Book of Privileges. This man forced the Taino to pay him tribute after colonizing their home, which was later named Hispaniola. For ten points, name this Italian explorer whose voyages, funded by Ferdinand and Isabella, led to Spanish colonization in the New World.

Christopher Columbus (or Cristobal Colon) Page 2 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2015-2016 Bowl Round 8 Second Quarter

(32) In 1966, three undersea oil tanks were built in this city by the Chicago Bridge and Iron Company, inspiring the name of its Chicago Beach. In 2017, this city's fire department introduced water jetpacks as a means to quickly reach burning areas. This city contains the Internet City and Media City free zones, as well as the Jebel Ali zone that boasts the largest man-made harbor in the world. Slave labor has driven a construction boom in, for the point, what most populous city of the United Arab Emirates and home of the Burj Khalifa, the world's tallest building?

Dubai

(1) One member of this family wrote the work War or Peace, which promoted liberation as an alternative to containment. One member of this family was a director of United Fruit at the same time that another member, a former attorney for that company, advised the president to launch the overthrow of Jacopo Arbenz in Operation PBSUCESS. The latter member of this family organized SEATO and developed the strategy of "massive retaliation" for the Eisenhower administration. For ten points, name this family of CIA director Allen and Secretary of State John Foster, the latter of whom names an international airport in Washington, DC.

Dulles (accept John Foster Dulles, or Allen Dulles, or Washington Dulles International Airport)

(23) This event took place on June 5th, 1985, according to records of Claudell Washington's playing career with the Atlanta Braves, though critics of those records note that Von Steuben Day is actually celebrated in September. A lecture on the Smoot-Hawley tariff took place at the same time as this event. During this event, the central figure dined under the guise of "Abe Froman, sausage king" and sang "Twist and Shout" in a parade. For the point, name this event chronicled in a 1986 John Hughes film, in which Matthew Broderick's character played hooky from school.

Ferris Bueller's day off (accept either or both names; accept descriptive answers, as we're going for the event, not the film title)

(21) A small expedition of 31 troops from this location were killed to the last man in the Grattan massacre. This site was the final destination of John "Portuguese" Phillips' 236-mile ride to bring news of the Fetterman Massacre. A 1851 (+) treaty signed at this location guaranteeing the territorial rights of various Great Plains tribes was abrogated and totally ignored during the Pike's Peak Gold Rush. A later treaty signed at this location closed down forts along the (*) Bozeman Trail, and gave the Black Hills to the Sioux "permanently." Red Cloud's War was ended by a treaty named for, for the point, what Army outpost in Wyoming?

Fort Laramie Page 5 NHBB Nationals Bee 2015-2016 Bee Playoff Round 1

(6) Two answers required. These two countries brokered a peace deal in the Treaty of Miramar. In a battle fought between these two countries, Charles de Lorencez led an unsuccessful series of infantry charges against a position fortified by Ignacio Zaragoza. A war between these two countries was sparked when a pastry chef demanded reparations for the destruction of his shop. The Battle of Puebla was fought between, for the point, what two countries, one of which sponsored emperor Maximilian I to rule the other?

France and Mexico (accept answers in either order; prompt on partial answers)

(27) This thinker wrote that government structures are put at risk thanks to nature-altering biotechnology in Our Posthuman Future. In America at the Crossroads, this thinker discussed his support for the Bush administration. Huntington's (+) Clash of Civilizations hypothesis responded to this thinker's 1992 work, which noted that the spread of capitalism after the (*) Cold War helped shift societies to the final form of government, liberal democracy. For the points, name this Japanese-American political scientist, the author of The End of History and the Last Man.

Francis Fukuyama

(2) This man obtained a copy of every book published in his realm with the Ordonnance of Montpelier, and the Ordonnance of Villiers-Cotterˆets replaced Latin as the bureaucratic language with French. The Affair of the Placards hardened this man's attitude against Protestants. and this man attempted to form an alliance with Henry VIII at the Field of the Cloth of Gold. For the point, name this French monarch, who patronized Leonardo da Vinci and lost to his archrival Charles V at the Battle of Pavia.

Francis I

(7) This man was forced to give up his rights from the Diet of Roncaglia after losing the Battle of Legnano. He elevated Austria to the rank of Duchy with the Privilegium Minus and deposed the powerful duke Henry the Lion from Saxony. This man crossed the Saleph River to participate in a conflict he organized with Philip Augustus and Richard the Lionheart. For the point, name this Holy Roman Emperor who gained his nickname from his red beard and unceremoniously drowned during the Third Crusade.

Frederick Barbarossa (or Frederick , Holy Roman Emperor)

(30) This structure was built along the axis of a building that heard the Dred Scott case, the Old Courthouse. Thirty-nine blocks were cleared to make room for this monument, whose legs are equilateral triangles and each contain an eight-car tram. This inverted catenary is the centerpiece of a park that celebrates Lewis and Clark's journey, the Jefferson National Expansion Memorial. Eero Saarinen designed, for the point, what monument along the Mississippi River in St. Louis?

Gateway Arch (accept St. Louis Arch before St. Louis is said; prompt on arch; prompt on Jefferson National Expansion Memorial before mentioned) Page 6 NHBB Nationals Bee 2015-2016 Bee Round 3

(33) A civil war in this state known as the Great Feudal War targeted Vasily II. This state was allowed to capture Vladimir after an alliance made between its ruler Yuri and Uzbek Khan. Its capital was sacked by Tokhtamysh after its leader, Dmitry Donskoy, led a coalition to defeat the Golden Horde at the Battle of Kulikovo. This state conquered Novgorod under Ivan the Great and plunged into the Time of Troubles after the death of Ivan the Terrible. For the point, name this precursor to the Russian state, centered at the modern capital.

Grand Duchy of Moscow (or Muscovy; do not accept or prompt on Russia)

(22) Hendrik Verwoerd responded to this leader by saying that there must "also be justice to the white man." This leader, who claimed his country "has never had it so good," was scandalized after it was uncovered that Christine Keeler was in a relationship with Secretary of State for War John (+) Profumo. This leader declared that decolonization is inevitable in a speech given in Cape Town that observed the title phenomenon (*) "blowing through" Africa. For the point, name this Conservative Prime Minister of Great Britain who gave the "Wind of Change" speech.

Harold MacMillan

(14) Description acceptable. In explaining why this action was being taken, its undertaker claimed that he had "no patience with stubborn insistence on private advantage." This action was taken to prevent a "dangerous intrusion of free speech" in the form of amendments to the (+) Wagner Act. This action sought to protect the right to closed shops, even though its undertaker opposed the recent wave of strikes. This move against a so-called (*) "slave-labor bill" was easily overridden in June 1947. For the points, name this action, a political defeat for Harry Truman, who failed to stop Congress' weakening of labor unions.

Harry S. Truman's veto of the Taft-Hartley Act (accept Labor Management Relations Act of 1947 in place of Taft-Hartley Act; prompt on partial answers)

(38) Both William S. Clark and Horace Capron developed the agriculture and industry of this island. Pavel Lebedev-Lastochkin sent a trade mission to this island, where he met the Matsumae. Shakushain revolted on this island, which was the center of a government supported by (+) Jules Brunet and based on American democracy. That government, led by Enomoto Takeaki, was ousted after the Battle of (*) Hakodate after being formed by the shogun who had lost the Boshin War. The Republic of Ezo was based on, for the point, what island home of the Ainu, the northernmost of Japan's four main islands?

Hokkaido

(1) William Foy and Frederick Heinde were the first two men to be wounded in this event. This event was wrapped up quickly so that Robert Attison would not have an excuse to use state militia. Alexander Berkman and Emma Goldman plotted to assassinate the man they thought responsible for this event, in which a flotilla obstructed a barge's attempt to travel toward this event. This reaction to the harsh policies of Henry Clay Frick resulted in 12 deaths and the downfall of an ironworkers union. For ten points, name this 1892 strike and lockout at a steelworks in Pittsburgh.

Homestead Strike BONUS: The Homestead Strike was opposed by this detective group, known for their strikebreaking. ANSWER: Pinkerton Detective Agency

(8) Another person with this surname used an apprenticeship under Ari Davis to invent the first known coupling of lock stitcher and automatic feeder; that man sued Walter Hunt and Isaac Singer, who had pirated his invention. Another person with this surname wrote the lyrics to the song performed at Winston Churchill's funeral whose tune is the marching song "John Brown's Body." For ten points, give this last name of both sewing machine inventor Elias and poetess of "Battle Hymn of the Republic" Julia Ward, as well as British General William, who captured Philadelphia in 1777.

Howe (accept Julia Ward Howe, Elias Howe, and/or William Howe)

(2) The first chronicle about these people was written by an anonymous "P called magister" and describes an exodus from Dentumoger. These subjects of the Illuminated Chronicle were partially led by (+) Lel and Sur in a battle in which they killed Conrad the Red. These people migrated westwards from Khazaria, explaining their Uralic language exclave, and (*) Almos supposedly unified them to create their house of Arpad. For ten points, name these people, defeated at Lechfeld by Otto the Great, who were Christianized by their king, Saint Stephen.

Hungarians (or Magyars)

(22) This event required the use of Adnan Khashoggi and Manucher Ghorbanifar as middlemen. An investigation found that Fawn Hall shredded numerous government papers during this event; that investigation was made by the Tower Commission. This scandal violated the Boland Amendment and led to the indictments of Caspar Weinberger and Oliver North. Ronald Reagan presided over, for the point, what scandal in which weapons were sold to a Middle Eastern country to fund Nicaraguan rebels?

Iran-Contra scandal (prompt on descriptive answers)

(10) During the Crimean War, this man was commissioned to build the Renkioi Hospital, which had a patient death rate many times lower than other army hospitals. This man used new screw propeller technology to (+) design the first iron steamship to cross the Atlantic, the SS Great Britain. This man's 7-foot broad gauge competed with the narrower standard gauge to control as much (*) railroad line as possible, leading to the Gauge Wars. For ten points, name this chief engineer of the Great Western Railway, named by the BBC as one of 100 Greatest Britons in 2002.

Isambard Kingdom Brunel

(21) An attempted river crossing led by this commander was thwarted at the Battle of Beauport. This commander led the red division at the Battle of Louisbourg, during which he successfully captured Lighthouse Point. This man's second-in-command, Robert Monckton, was wounded in a battle that paved the way for George Townshend to accept the surrender of a French colonial stronghold. For the point, name this British general who died with his rival, Louis-Joseph Montcalm, at the Battle of the Plains of Abraham.

James Wolfe

(4) The incompetent George Percy took leadership of this colony after a gunpowder accident forced a leader to return to Europe. The Third Supply was to bolster this colony, but much of its supplies were left on Bermuda. Settlers first arrived at this location aboard the Discovery, Godspeed, and Susan Constant. The maxim "he who does not work shall not eat" governed this location, where John Rolfe grew tobacco. John Smith led, for ten points, what first permanent English settlement in Virginia?

Jamestown BONUS: This daughter of Powhatan allegedly saved the life of John Smith and married John Rolfe. ANSWER: Pocahontas Page 3 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2015-2016 Bowl Round 2

(29) This figure and Barack Obama are studied in Erik Schneiderman's The Size of Others' Burdens. Leo Tolstoy criticized this woman's sleeves and described her as an "absentee landlord," as her farm was one hundred miles away from her work on Halsted Street. This first American woman to win a Nobel Peace Prize worked closely with Ellen Gates Starr. For the point, name this early 20th century advocate for women and the poor who co-founded a settlement house in Chicago, Hull House.

Jane Addams

(29) This early president of the American Bible Society claimed the "Christian Religion" was "the fundamental precept of governance." This man lost a gubernatorial election to George Clinton after three counties' votes were (+) disqualified. He claimed to have been able to travel from Boston to Philadelphia in the light of his burning effigies. This man was the principal American negotiator of a (*) treaty eliminating British control of forts in the Northwest Territory. For the point, name this namesake of a 1795 treaty regulating trade between the U.S. and Great Britain, who was also the first Chief Justice of the Supreme Court.

John Jay

(8) After hearing a sermon, this man once placed a bare foot on a minister's pulpit and stated "Here's your primitive Christian." Vachel Lindsay wrote a poem "In Praise of" this man, who was born in Leominster, Massachusetts in 1774 and is said to have worn only a coffee sack with armholes in it. "Spitters" unfit for eating were produced by this man's labor. Nova, Ohio is home to the last living tree planted by, for the point, what nurseryman who provided hard cider to the early American frontier by planting hundreds of apple orchards?

Johnny Appleseed (accept John Chapman

(5) This event undid many of the effects of the Battle of Langensalza. Rudolf of Rheinfelden was encouraged by this event to launch the Great Saxon Revolt. During this event, Robert Guiscard was called to provide relief to Rome, but the Romans revolted so his men sacked it instead. This event was brought to a pause by the Walk to Canossa and ended when Calixtus II negotiated the Concordat of Worms. For the point, name this violent 11th century dispute between Henry IV and Pope Gregory VII, an imperial challenge to the papal authority to appoint bishops.

Lay Investiture Controversy

(2) This group was established with the Oath of Pontida. This group utilized the carroccio, which was defended by a group of knights known as the Company of Death. One emperor claimed power over members of this group at the Diet of Roncaglia, but that emperor, Frederick Barbarossa, was decisively defeated by this group at the Battle of Legnano. This group was rended obsolete after the end of the Hohenstaufen dynasty. For ten points, name this medieval alliance of Northern Italian city-states which opposed the influence of the Holy Roman Empire.

Lombard League (accept Lega Lombarda) BONUS: After the Battle of Legnano, Frederick Barbarossa quickly signed a peace named for what city, which was the original target of the League of Cambrai? ANSWER: Venice (accept Venezia; accept Peace of Venice)

(9) The Legitimists opposed this monarch in favor of Henri, duke of Bordeaux. In his early career, he had deserted to the Austrian army with Charles Dumouriez. This monarch ascended to power in the "Three Glorious Days", and he survived an assassination attempt from Giuseppe (+) Fieschi's infernal machine. Public schooling greatly expanded under this monarch's advisor Francis Guizot. This leader of the (*) Orleanists was forced to abdicate in a 1848 revolution that placed Napoleon III on the throne. For ten points, name this French monarch known as the "Citizen King" who ruled during the July Monarchy.

Louis-Philippe I (prompt on Louis)

(7) These people performed ritual killing of the missionary Carl Volkner, sparking the East Cape War. After Henry Menzies was appointed to collect dog tax from these people, they were led into rebellion by Hone (+) Toia. These people made the design of their pa forts more effective after a series of civil wars was triggered by the British introduction of (*) muskets. William Hobson believed he had been appointed governor after these people signed the ambiguously-worded Treaty of Waitangi. For ten points, name these indigenous people of New Zealand.

Maori people (prompt on descriptions of indigenous people of New Zealand, and partial answers thereof, before mentioned)

(25) Nathaniel Ward compiled the first legal code of this colony in the "Body of Liberties." This colony executed Mary Dyer due to a law banning the presence of Quakers. Shortly after the Arbella arrived at this colony, its founder gave the "Model of Christian Charity" speech to urge the community to act as a "city upon a hill." Rhode Island was founded when Roger Williams and Anne Hutchinson were expelled from this colony. John Winthrop founded, for the point, what New England colony that contained the city of Boston?

Massachusetts Bay Colony (prompt on Massachusetts alone) Page 5 NHBB A-Set Bee 2016-2017 Bee Final Round

(3) This case was used as precedent during D'Emden v. Pedder, which helped flesh out the Australian Constitution. The word "expressly" greatly affected this case's ruling, which established the implied powers of Congress to enforce (+) expressed powers, citing Hamilton's criteria. John Marshall invoked the "necessary and proper" clause in this case, whose ruling found that the "power to (*) tax is the power to destroy". For ten points, name this 1819 Supreme Court case that deemed it unconstitutional for a state to tax the Second Bank of the United States.

McCulloch v. Maryland (accept in either order)

(2) The development of this industry caused a disaster near the city of Ciudad del Carmen in a location called Sedco 135-F. The Mexican Eagle company was founded in this industry by Weetman (+) Pearson. At the founding of a company in this industry, women donated chickens to the Mexican government to fund debt payments. This industry was (*) nationalized by Lazaro Cardenas in 1938, creating the company PEMEX. For the points, name this industry that caused the Ixtoc I [eesh-tok 1] spill from a rig in the Bay of Campeche.

Mexican oil industry (accept equivalents such as petroleum industry)

(3) Supposedly, only one soldier died during a defeat for this city at the Battle of Anghiari. Swiss mercenaries betrayed the forces of this city to the forces of Louis XII in the Treason of Novara. This city was governed by 24 "Captains and Defenders" during its short-lived Golden Ambrosian Republic. One ruler of this city was nicknamed "il Moro;" that ruler, Ludovico, commissioned Leonardo da Vinci to paint The Last Supper. For ten points, name this city, whose dukes have come from the Visconti and Sforza families.

Milano BONUS: Dukes of Milan often hired what mercenary soldiers active in early modern Italy, notable examples of which included John Hawkwood and Federico da Montefeltro? ANSWER: condottieri (or condottiero; or condottiere) Page 3 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2015-2016 Bowl Round 9

(1) While living in East Aurora, this president appointed Nathan Hall as his clerk, and he would go on to serve as this man's Postmaster General. While serving on the Ways and Means Committee, this man helped author the Black Tariff. This President finished third in the Election of 1856 while running under the Know-Nothing Party. The Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 was passed under the presidency of, for ten points, what successor to Zachary Taylor?

Millard Fillmore

(5) One of this group of people lent his name to the verb raguser [rah goo say], which means to betray. In addition to Auguste Marmont, two of these people famously used Gascon swagger to capture a bridge over the Danube prior to the Battle of Sch¨ongrabern. The Trachenberg Plan targeted these people, the most capable of whom were Louis Davout and Jean Lannes. Another of these people was executed after he declared he'd capture his former master "in an iron cage," but defected to him during the Hundred Days; that man was Michel Ney. For the point, name these men, high-ranking military leaders who served the first Emperor of France.

Napol´eon Bonaparte's Marshals (or Napol´eon's Generals; accept Marshal of the Empire; prompt on descriptions of Napol´eon's soldiers, officers, or advisors) Page 1 NHBB Nationals Bee 2016-2017 Bee Round 5

(10) After the Rev lution, this man was given an estate near Edisto called "Boone's Barony." This man's wife Catherine provided Eli Whitney with the funds to create the cotton gin. At Valley Forge, George Washington appointed this man (+) Quartermaster General. This man, whose troops faced down Lord Rawdon's command, suffered a loss that prompted Charles James Fox to say "Another such victory would ruin the British Army!"; that loss to (*) Charles Cornwallis came at the Battle of Guilford Court House. For ten points, name this "Fighting Quaker," a Revolutionary War general and leader of the Southern Campaign.

Nathanael Greene Extra Question Only read if you need a backup or tiebreaker!

(1) At this event, Hellen Thorning Schmidt took a controversial selfie with David Cameron and Barack Obama, and Obama controversially shook hands with Raul Castro. Thamsanqa Jantjie suffered a schizophrenic episode while providing sign language translation at this event, which included a service in FNB Stadium, where Jacob Zuma was booed. For ten points, name this December 2013 event that memorialized the life of South Africa's first black president.

Nelson Mandela's funeral (accept equivalents, like Mandela's memorial service)

(1) In 1990, this country's no party Panchayat system was reformed by King Birendra. After the Battle of Kirtipur, Prithvi Narayan Shah unified this country in 1769. (+) Gyanendra rose to power in this country after a 2001 massacre of the royal family. The April 2015 Gorkha (*) earthquake killed over 9,000 people in this country, including 21 in an avalanche on Mount Everest. For ten points, name this Himalayan country with capital Kathmandu.

Nepal BONUS: What 1823 political statement proclaimed that European interference in North and South America would not be tolerated? ANSWER: Monroe Doctrine

(23) Portions of this U.S. state briefly formed the semi-autonomous Indian Stream Republic. During the Revolutionary War, this state's governor, John Wentworth, abandoned control of the countryside to retreat to Fort William and Mary. A city in this state was founded as a colony by John Wheelwright. A Supreme Court case arising from this state used the Contract Clause to uphold the private charter of Dartmouth College. For the point, name this "Granite State," a New England state that hosts the first primary in each Presidential election cycle.

New Hampshire

(8) Support for this initiative overwhelmingly increased after an attack on Camp Holloway. Operation Flaming Dart was an early prototype of this initiative. Wild Weasels helped support this initiative that was replicated in neighboring countries under Operations Barrell Roll and Menu. Unlike the later Operation Linebacker, this initiative did not use B-52 Stratofortresses. MiGs opposed this initiative, which sought to destroy the Ho Chi Minh trail. For ten points, name this airborne carpet-bombing campaign carried out by the U.S. against North Vietnam.

Operation Rolling Thunder (prompt on the U.S. bombing campaign against the Ho Chi Minh Trail before mentioned)

(8) This position was controlled by the Main Political Directorate and was weakened by the Frunze Reforms of the 1920s. Holders of this position often clashed with the military over the idea of edinonachalie, or (+) unified command, as they both held authority over units; in practice, some military commanders adopted this position. The German OKW issued an order immediately before Operation (*) Barbarossa ordering the execution of holders of this position. Nikita Khrushchev held this position during the Siege of Stalingrad. For the points, give this term for political officers that suppressed dissent and ensured civilian control of the Soviet army.

Political commissar (or zampolit or politruk) Page 2 NHBB Nationals Bee 2016-2017 Bee Final Round - Varsity

(20) This man seized the royal Macedonian tombs after winning the Battle of the Aous River. Cleonymus defeated this man's army at the Siege of Sparta, where he died. He launched a campaign with a contingent of war elephants to protect the city of Tarentum, but after victories over the Romans at Asculum and Heraclea, he was forced to retreat from Italy. For the point, name this King of Epirus whose name now serves as an adjective for battles where the winner has taken disastrous casualties.

Pyrrhus of Epirus (accept Pyrrhic victory, battle, etc.)

(10) A member of this faith wrote how Oxford and Cambridge were "smothered in filth" and was named Hester Biddle. The name of this faith came from a term used by Gervase Bennet involving the trial of one of its leaders. Early leaders of this faith included the Valiant Sixty. Minister Joseph Gurney caused a schism of this religious group, whose founder was inspired by an "inner voice" heard after a bout of drinking in 1643. George Fox founded, for ten points, what Christian sect, also known as the Society of Friends, who were said to "tremble" at the word of the Lord?

Quakers (accept the Religious Society of Friends before mentioned) BONUS: Joseph Gurney's followers, called the Gurneyites, split with the followers of this other Quaker minister over the nature of salvation, among other topics. You can name either the minister or his followers, who took a similar name. ANSWER: John Wilbur (accept Wilburites)

(6) Durad Brankovic prevented Skanderbeg's army from participating in a battle at this location, which was fought by Janos [YAHN-oash] Hunyadi after his previous defeat at Varna. Vuc Brankovic fled another battle at this location in which both commanders, Sultan Murad I and the Prince Lazar, were killed. That battle on the Field of Blackbirds shares its name with a country whose independence war resulted in NATO bombing Yugoslavia. For ten points, name this country, whose Albanian majority declared independence from Serbia in 2008.

Republic of Kosovo BONUS: Kosovo's Prime Minister, Isa Mustafa, formerly served as mayor of this capital city. ANSWER: Pristina

(2) In this country in November 2015, a cargo plane carrying oil workers to the Paloch oil fields crashed after taking off from its capital in Central Equatoria. Riek Machar now leads a People's Liberation Movement-in-Opposition in a civil war in this country; Machar briefly served as its vice president, but was fired with the rest of this country's cabinet in July 2013. In that civil war here, Bortown, the capital of Jonglei State, was captured in December 2013. For ten points, name this African country that established its capital at Juba in 2011.

Republic of South Sudan (do not accept or prompt Sudan alone) BONUS: This man became President of South Sudan after its independence, then made the aforementioned July 2013 Cabinet purge. ANSWER: Salva Kiir

(10) In an attack on this man, Ted Kennedy noted that "women would be forced into back-alley abortions" and "blacks would sit at segregated lunch counters" in this man's America. The Video (+) Privacy Protection Act was passed after this man's video rental history was leaked to the press. This man, who complied in firing Archibald Cox during the (*) Saturday Night Massacre, was the focus of a committee hearing, led by Joe Biden, that decided not to replace Lewis Powell with this man. For the points, name this Reagan-era Supreme Court nominee whose nomination was blocked by the Senate in 1987.

Robert Bork

(3) The success of this work led to a plagiarization lawsuit from Harold Courlander. Sequels to this work include "The Gift" and "The Next Generations." Tom Moore teaches the intricacies of cockfighting in this series, in which Jemmy deserts the Confederate Army. It ends with Chicken George tracing his lineage from Africa to Tennessee. ABC aired this series, an adaptation of a "Saga of an American Family," in 1977. For ten points, name this novel and TV miniseries about Kunta Kinte, inspired by the ancestors of author Alex Haley.

Roots

(29) This organization was founded at Hotel Cecil, and it engaged in "Pink's War" against Mahsud tribesmen in South Waziristan. "Article XV" units were trained to serve alongside this force, which used Sir Barnes Wallis' "bouncing bombs" in the "Dambusters" operations. The success of this force's Spitfires led one leader to claim that "never...was so much owed by so many to so few." This entity was able to prevent Operation Sealion was prevented by the successes of, for the point, what military force that fended off the Luftwaffe in the Battle of Britain?

Royal Air Force (accept descriptions of the British air force, including England or UK for Britain; prompt on general answers like "British armed forces," but not specifically wrong answers like "British Army")

(10) A city of this name was taken from Gorgas by his brother Oenislus, who proceeded to assault nearby Amanthus. A statesman considered that a prophecy about this place called it "merciless," rather than "divine," and used income from Laurium to build "bulwarks of (+) wood" that he stored on this island. At a battle named for this location, Artemisia of Halicarnassus fought bravely for a king (*) watching from Mt. Aigaleo; that king was disappointed, as freshly-rested men crushed his exhausted rowers, whose ships had entered a trap set by Themistocles. For ten points, give this name shared by a decisive naval defeat for Xerxes the Great in 480 BC.

Salamis (accept Battle of Salamis) Extra Question Only read if you need a backup or tiebreaker!

(14) This man wrote that Texas never left the Union because secession is illegal in his majority opinion in Texas v. White. This man ruled that privileges and immunities applied to national citizenship, not state citizenship, in the Slaughterhouse Cases. This man wrote that the Supreme Court could not issue an injunction against the President after Mississippi asked it to, aiding the beginning of Reconstruction. For the point, name this Chief Justice in the Reconstruction era who had served as Lincoln's Treasury Secretary.

Salmon P. Chase (do not accept Samuel Chase)

(5) These people wrote their own interpretation of the story of Jesus in an epic poem known as the Heliand. 4,500 of these people were beheaded in the Massacre of Verden during their namesake wars, in which Charlemagne attempted to subjugate them and convert them to Christianity. Widukind of Corvey wrote a history of a dynasty named after these people, who established kingdoms such as Sussex and Wessex. For ten points, name these Germanic people who, with the Angles, ruled pre-Norman England.

Saxons (do not accept or prompt on Anglo-Saxons) Page 1 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2015-2016 Bowl Round 13

(5) After Galusha Grow did not win re-election in his district, this man became Speaker of the House in 1862. This man married the niece of Benjamin Wade, who he defeated to attain his highest post. In that post, this man came under fire after his name appeared in Oakes Ames' list of men who owned stock in a company that underwrote the Union Pacific Railroad. For ten points, name this politician who was implicated in the Cr´edit Mobilier scandal while serving as Ulysses Grant's vice president.

Schuyler Colfax Jr. BONUS: Another Grant-era scandal was the Whiskey Ring, which was broken up by this Secretary of the Treasury under Grant. ANSWER: Benjamin Helm Bristow

(6) An early success in this conflict for one side was the capture of Carlisle. The mathematician Colin MacLaurin helped organize one city's defenses during this war. Early in this conflict, one side was commanded by Lord Murray, who defeated John Cope at the Battle of (+) Prestonpans. This conflict, which was coterminous with the War of the Austrian Succession, destroyed the clan system. The Duke of Cumberland managed to defeat a (*) Highland charge at the decisive battle of this conflict, the Battle of Culloden Moor. For ten points, name this conflict that sought to bring the Old Pretender, Bonnie Prince Charlie, to power for the second time.

Second Jacobite Uprising (or Jacobite Uprising of 1745; accept the '45; accept just Jacobite Uprising after "second," but prompt on it before]

(27) One holder of this position first gained prominence while working as a stockbroker for Dillon and Read. That person, who names the headquarters of the Department of Energy, jumped out of a window after copying the works of Sophocles. The first person to hold this position was James Forrestal, and it was later held by a man who believed what was good for GM was good for the nation. For the point, name this Cabinet position, prominently held by Robert McNamara, which consolidated the three military branches when it was created.

Secretary of Defense

(13) A composition inspired by a set of royal gardens in this country opens its second movement with the English horn. Another royal garden in this country was depicted in the nocturne "In The Generalife." This country was depicted in the Concierto de Aranjuez [air-an-weth] of Joaquin [wha-keen] Rodrigo. Manuel de Falla was from, for the point, what birthplace of the classical guitar, where the Moors built the Alhambra before the Reconquista?

Spain

(7) In response to live episode of In Living Color pulling 20 million viewers away from this event in 1992, the 1993 edition was headlined by Michael Jackson and ded cated to "the children of the world." During one of these events, Mick Jagger's microphone was given second (+) tape delay, instituted after a $550,000 FCC fine was imposed two years prior. The most replayed television moment in history was a part of this event in 2004, when Justin (*) Timberlake caused Janet Jackson to suffer a "wardrobe malfunction," overshadowing the Patriots' defeat of the Panthers. For ten points, name this entertainment event that takes place during the NFL championship game.

Super Bowl halftime show (accept descriptive answers; prompt on partial answers, including "the Super Bowl")

(16) To allow for this construction project, Richard Nixon signed a nearly one billion dollar Native Claims Settlement Act. The Dalton Highway was built to facilitate this project, which includes underground heat vents to avoid ground (+) melting. This system funds a program created in a 1976 state constitutional amendment that disperses its revenues to citizens via the Permanent (*) Fund Dividend. One section of this system rests on sliders to withstand earthquakes in the Denali Fault, and it makes use of twelve pumping stations between Prudhoe Bay and Valdez. For the points, name this 800-mile petroleum transportation system that spans the largest U.S. state.

Trans-Alaska Pipeline System Page 4 NHBB Nationals Bee 2016-2017 Bee Final Round - Varsity

(9) The designer of this building later served as the first Superintendent of the U.S. Patent Office and defeated a French-inspired design by Stephen Hallet for its commission. A set of 22 Corinthian-style columns from this building was moved to the National Arboretum after this structure's cast-iron dome was finished in 1866. William Thornton designed this building, whose interior includes Constantino Brumidi's The Apotheosis of Washington in a large Rotunda. For the point, name this U.S. government building that houses both the Senate and the House.

U.S. Capitol building

(11) One of this author's characters thinks he is the Abb´e Dalla Piccola and spies on the Expedition of the Thousand. That figure is a forger who creates The Protocols of the Elders of Zion in the novel The Prague Cemetery. The drowning death of (+) Frederick Barbarossa is investigated by the title figure one of this man's novels, who manages to visit Prester John's kingdom. A copy of Aristotle's book on comedy drives one of this man's novels, in which (*) William of Baskerville investigates murders at a monastery. For ten points, name this Italian author of Baudolino and The Name of the Rose.

Umberto Eco

(15) TEU Article 50 deals with the legality of this cause. Nigel Farage is a staunch proponent of this cause. Citing a desire to prevent the erosion of democracy, Boris Johnson came out in favour of this cause in February 2016. It will be settled on June 23rd following a promise by David Cameron to hold a referendum. For the point, name this cause championed by UKIP, the UK Independent Party, that involves leaving a European community based in Brussels.

United Kingdom (or Great Britain or England) exiting the European Union (accept Brexit) Page 3 NHBB Nationals Bee 2015-2016 Bee Round 4

(26) In 2015, DNA testing confirmed that Nan Britton had an illegitimate daughter with this man, who also had an affair with Carrie Fulton Phillips. The "Little Green House on K Street" formed as the headquarters of this man's advisors, including Gaston Means and Edwin Denby. He was nominated by his party in a "smoke-filled room" at the Blackstone Hotel, after which he promised "return to normalcy". For the point, name this President whose legacy was tarnished by the Teapot Dome affair, which scandalized the government after his 1923 death.

Warren G(amaliel) Harding

(1) In one speech hosted by Marc Leder, this man called himself "as poor as a church mouse" and noted that "I'll never convince them they should take personal responsibility and care for their lives," noting that his message "doesn't connect." In that fundraising speech, this man argued that, "no matter what," 47% of people will vote for President Obama. For the point, name this candidate whose ticket with Paul Ryan earned, coincidentally, 47% of the popular vote in the 2012 presidential election.

Willard "Mitt" Romney

(1) This person succeeded Tomas Estrada Palma as Provisional Governor of Cuba, having much earlier served as Benjamin Harrison's second Solicitor General. This leader replaced Elihu Root as Secretary of War after serving an apprenticeship starting in 1901 as the first civilian U.S. Governor of the Philippines. This man shared the bench with McReynolds, Holmes, Brandeis, and Van Deventer, the last of whom he appointed, when he served as Chief Justice following his time in his highest office. For ten points, name this 24th President of the United States.

William Howard Taft

(9) W. Joseph Campbell argues that a famous correspondence between this man and his employee never existed, noting that James Creelman, the only original source that mentions it, was away in Europe at the time. In that correspondence, this man responded (+) "Please remain" to the request "Everything is quiet. There is no trouble here. [...] I wish to return." Campbell also notes that those communications would have been nearly impossible to get through censors in (*) Havana to this man's war correspondent, Frederick Remington. For the points, name this editor of the New York Journal who legendarily claimed "You furnish the pictures, and I'll furnish the war" prior to the Spanish-American War.

William Randolph Hearst

(8) This politician declared "there is a higher law than the Constitution" in opposition to the Compromise of 1850. This Cabinet member's work with foreign minister Eduard de Stoeckl allowed a foreign government to pay back a loan from the Rothschilds. This man, who was nearly killed by Lewis Powell the same night Lincoln was assassinated, spent $7.2 million on an "Icebox" purchased from Russia. For ten points, name this Secretary of State whose "Folly" was the purchase of Alaska.

William Seward BONUS: In his retirement, Seward visited this Alaskan town where the transfer ceremony took place in October 1867. This city, once known as New Arkhangelsk, was the capital of Alaska Territory prior to Juneau. ANSWER: Sitka Page 5 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2016-2017 Bowl Playoff Packet 2

(1) This only piece of music this composer wrote for harp was a concerto featuring it with flute. This compoeser's twenty-fifth piano concerto is nicknamed "Coronation" for its use during the ascension of Leopold II to Holy Roman Emperor. An opera by this composer, whose aria "Der Holle Rache" is known for its coloratura high Fs, had a libretto by Emmanuel Schikaneder that was probably inspired by Freemasonry. The Queen of the Night is found in, for ten points, what composer's The Magic Flute

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart BONUS: This other musician, who served as Austrian imperial Kapellmeister from 1788 to 1824, supposedly feuded with Mozart in a legend dramatized by Peter Shaffer's play Amadeus ANSWER: Antonio Salieri

(16) One man with this surname succeeded Jacob Westervelt in his highest post, from which he saved Central Park from proposed pre-construction downsizing. That mayor with this surname advocated the secession of New York City due to its heavy reliance on the cotton trade; that Tammany Hall member was named (+) Fernando. A cavalry unit founded by another member of with this surname fought at the Battle of Las Guasimas and featured (*) Teddy Roosevelt. For the points, give this last name of the founder of the Rough Riders, Leonard.

Wood (accept Fernando and/or Leonard Wood)

(1) In this war, one side created a series of detection boxes called the Kammhuber Line. One mil tary in this war had two rival commands called the OKW and OKH, and an intelligence service called the Abwehr. A (+) lull in this war was called the Phony War, which ended with an invasion of Denmark and Norway. A style of rapid warfare was used to knock out (*) France and Poland from, for ten points, what war in which the Wehrmacht and the Luftwaffe engaged in blitzkriegs for Nazi Germany?

World War II BONUS: What Indian advocate of nonviolence led the Salt March and was assassinated by Nathuram Godse? ANSWER: Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi (accept Mahatma Gandhi; prompt on Gandhi)

(4) This man did not personally go on a voyage he organized that installed Mana Vikraman as king of Calicut. This man's political interventions included capturing the usurper (+) Sekandar of Semudera and capturing King Alagonakkara of Kotte. On his first voyage, this man captured the pirate Chen Zuyi. On his fifth voyage, this man explored the (*) Arabian coast from Hormuz to Aden before sailing as far south as Mombasa and bringing a giraffe to the Yongle Emperor. For ten points, name this admiral who organized seven voyages for the Ming Dynasty.

Zheng He (accept Ma Sanbao or Ma He)

(1) One man affected by this document stated he "felt like a man sewn in a sack and thrown into the sea." The alleged author of this document claimed he couldn't have written it because he was on holiday in Kislovodsk. This document stated the (+) "exchange of delegations" will "make it possible for us to extend and develop the propaganda of ideas of Leninism." This document was leaked days before the (*) election of 1924 by the Daily Mail. For ten points, name this forged letter, supposedly sent by a Soviet official, which embarrassed Ramsay MacDonald's Labor Party.

Zinoviev letter

(32) Phineas Miller sold this invention at exorbitant rates after it was first created in Catherine Greene's workshop. William Longstreet improved upon this invention with his "breast roller." Its inventor made his fortune in gunsmithing after his patent for this creation was ignored. This machine used a rotating cylinder to move small hooks and brushes. For the point, name this machine invented by Eli Whitney that separated lint from seed in a slavery-intensive textile crop.

mechanical cotton gin

(6) This man's friendship with John Ridge sparked an interest in Cherokee linguistics that ultimately led him to publish A Table of Indian Languages of the United States. With John Russell Bartlett, this man co-founded the oldest (+) anthropological society in the US. He became ambassador to France in 1816, two years after he helped negotiate the Treaty of (*) Ghent. Unlike Alexander Hamilton, this man was staunchly opposed to large national debt. New York University was founded by, for the points, what Swiss-American who was the longest-serving Secretary of the Treasury?

(Abraham Alfonse) Albert Gallatin

(3) In 2000, this group partnered with a Chinese Triad during a raid on a resort, and planned on exchanging the hostages with Ramzi Yousef. This group placed TNT inside a television on Superferry 14. This group, which was responsible for the Dos Palmas kidnappings in 2001, split off from the similar MNLF after being funded by Osama bin Laden. In 2016, this group abducted Indonesian sailors off the Sulu Archipelago. For ten points, name this ISIS-allied terrorist group that operates in the southern Philippines.

Abu Sayyaf (or ASG

(3) This country's village of A'ali is home to a site in what may be the world's largest prehistoric cemetery, possibly built by the Dilmun civilization. This nation, once famous for its pearl fisheries, became a constitutional monarchy in 2001. This country's Shia majority launched protests that caused this country's neighbor to send GCC forces across the King Fahd Causeway; those protests opposed King Hamad of the al-Khalifa dynasty. For ten points, name this island kingdom that lies off the east coast of Saudi Arabia.

Kingdom of Bahrain BONUS: Bahrain owns these islands in the Gulf, though Qatar disputed them until 2001, as they are just off Qatar's coast. ANSWER: Hawar Islands

(1) The city of Ravenna hid one of these things, belonging to Dante, behind a false wall when Florentine agents tried to steal it. One of these objects was smuggled to Venice in a crate of rotting pork and cabbages from Alexandria. In an 897 synod, Pope Stephen VI put one of these objects, belonging to Pope Formosus, on trial. Another of these objects, belonging to Vladimir Lenin, remains on display in Moscow in his mausoleum. For the point, name these things, which are usually placed in graves.

dead bodies (accept cadavers and other obvious equivalents)

(1) Eleanor Billington and Susanna White were two of the four women charged with preparing for this event. James Baker claimed that this event occurred around Michaelmas. A governor ordered four of his men to go on a "fowling" mission three days before this event, which celebrated the provision of supplies by Massasoit. William Bradford organized this event after a successful corn harvest in 1621. For ten points, name this event in which the Plymouth Pilgrims held a feast of gratitude.

the First Plymouth Thanksgiving (accept descriptions of the first Thanksgiving

(8) The only known casualties of this event died at the headquarters of the DGS. After this event, the National Salvation Junta oversaw the Continuing Revolutionary Process. This event created many refugees called retornados. President Am´erico Tom´as fled after this event and power was transferred to General Ant´onio de Sp´ınola. The Armed Forces Movement organized this event on the 25th of April to overthrow Marcel Caetano, and it is named for the flowers that protesters put in rifles. For the point, name this event that ended the Estado Novo in Portugal.

Carnation Revolution (or Revolu¸c˜ao dos Cravos, accept 25 de Abril or 25th of April before mention)

(5) In this work, an option of exile to Thessaly is briefly considered. This work opens with the title character admiring his friend's calm in the face of death but bearing the bad report that the sacred ship Paralos has arrived in port, authorizing his friend's impending execution. This work notes that injustice in the face of injustice is inherently flawed, and so the title character's offer is rebuffed. For ten points, name this Platonic dialogue in which a friend of Socrates unsuccessfully tries to convince him to escape prison.

Crito BONUS: Athenian executions were forbidden if the sacred ship Paralos was not at home; while Socrates awaited his execution, it was on a trip to this island, where Apollo and Artemis were legendarily born. ANSWER: Delos

(5) This city's former chief of staff Christine Beatty admitted to lying under oath regarding an affair with this city's mayor. Tamara Greene was found murdered in this city after performing as a stripper at a Manoogian Mansion. In November 2013, this city elected its first (+) white mayor since Roman Gribbs, succeeding Dave Bing. In 2008, this city's mayor resigned after being charged with perjury, and he was later sentenced to 28 years in prison for charges of mail fraud and racketeering. (*) Kwame Kilpatrick once led, for ten points, what city that, in 2013, became the largest city in American history to declare Chapter 9 bankruptcy?

Detroit

(49) In this region, the Feast of the Pheasant was held to drum up support for a campaign against the Ottomans. A king of this region constructed the massive Mons Meg cannon as a gift for James II. The Treaty of Picquigny isolated this region from its English allies, who had earlier captured Joan of Arc with the help of this region's Philip the Good. The power of this region was eroded when Charles the Bold was killed at Nancy, allowing Louis XI to claim its lands. For the point, name this duchy of eastern France, famous for producing a dark red wine.

Duchy of Burgundy

(4) Description acceptable. One photo of this event depicts a member of the Black Watch lifting his kilt to reveal his rear. A 1984 Joint Declaration helped provide the framework for this event. The Basic Law went into effect shortly after this event, which took place at the Golden Bauhinia Square in Wan Chai. Jiang Zemin and Tony Blair attended this event, which prompted the policy of "one country, two systems" and set an example for Portugal to follow two years later. For the point, name this 1997 event in which the U.K. returned an island to the People's Republic of China.

Hong Kong handover ceremony

(8) The Yellow Book laid out the plan for this construction. Lucius Clay created a committee headed by Francis Turner thatsupported the creation of this system. A precursor to this system was proposed by Lawrence C. Phipps and supported by the 1922 Pershing Map. The chief proponent of this system was influenced both by his experience in the 1919 Transcontinental Motor Convoy and the German Autobahn. For ten points, name this American national project spearheaded by President Eisenhower that overhauled American transportation.

Interstate Highway System BONUS: In addition to advocating for the Interstate system, Dwight Eisenhower advocated against the "acquisition of unwarranted influences" by what sector of the American economic landscape? ANSWER: Military-Industrial complex

(1) A figure, who is made up of thousands of tiny people, looms over a landscape while carrying a sword and scepter and wearing a crown on the cover of this work. This work avoids mention of the "greatest good" in favor of the "greatest evil." The title entity of this work's (+) fourth section is described as ignorance rather than Hell; that entity is "The (*) Kingdom of Darkness." This work argues that the title figure can prevent the "war of all against all." For ten points, name this work advocating control by the title being, written by Thomas Hobbes.

Leviathan BONUS: William "Devil Anse" was the patriarch of what 19th century rural family? ANSWER: Hatfields

(5) The ballet Trilby inspired a movement of this piece, depicting chicks still in their shells. Leopold Stokowski's orchestration of this work omits the "Tuileries" [twee leh ree] and "Limoges" [lee moh zhay] movements, and a recurring theme in this piece alternates measures of 5/4 [five four] and 6/4 time. A never-built monument to the Bogyatrs is depicted in the final movement of this piece, most famously orchestrated by Maurice Ravel. The drawings of Viktor Hartmann inspired, for the point, what piano suite that features "The Great Gate of Kiev" and some "Promenades," composed by Modest Mussorgsky?

Pictures at an Exhibition (or Kartinki vystavki Page 1 NHBB Nationals Bee 2016-2017 Bee Round 6

(6) One ruler of this dynasty had King Luarsab II executed after he refused to convert to Islam. This dynasty lost territory after the Treaty of Amsaya, but regained much of it due to the military efforts of Abbas the Great. Selim the Grim greatly outnumbered the Qizilbash forces of this dynasty at the Battle of Chaldiran. This dynasty used the lion and sun to represent the state and religion as the pillars of society, whose use continued under future dynasties such as the Afsharids and Qajar Dynasty. For the point, name this first Shia dynasty to rule Iran.

Safavid dynasty

(8) This monarch dealt with the alliance of Hugh X and Henry III at the battle of Taillebourg. The Talmud was burned under the reign of this monarch, who fought in Tunis alongside Edward Longshanks of England. This monarch died of dysentery while attempting to reverse the outcome of the battle of Al Mansurah, which was preceded by his capture of Damietta. This participant in the Seventh and Eighth crusades collected many relics for the Sainte Chapelle chapel, and he was known for his devotion to Catholicism. For ten points, name this canonized monarch of France.

Saint Louis (or Louis IX) BONUS: Louis the Saint fought with these slave soldiers, whose ranks included Baibars and Qutuz. They would grow to control Egypt and repulse a Mongol invasion at Ain Jalut. ANSWER: Mamluks

(4) This man sacked the castle of Jacob's Ford after a bribe of 100,000 gold pieces to stop the castle's construction was turned down. Though this man was defeated at the Battle of Montgisard, he later formed a truce with Baldwin IV. One campaign against this man was called after his victory at Hattin, though he ended that conflict by granting Christians safe pilgrimage to Jerusalem. For ten points, name this Kurdish founder of the Ayyubid dynasty, an enemy of Richard I in the Third Crusade.

Saladin (or An-Nasir Salah ad Din Yusuf ibn Ayyub)

(6) In response to this campaign, Operations Pegasus and Niagara Phillip relieved forces commanded by David Lownds. Phillip Davidson urged attention to this campaign even before the Massacre at Hue [h'way]. A picture taken by Eddie Adams during this military campaign depicts a man in a plaid shirt with a snub-nosed pistol to his head. William Westmoreland was criticized due to his unpreparedness for, for the point, what coordinated offensive by the Viet Cong that launched on a lunar holiday?

Tet Offensive (prompt on Vietnam War)

(9) One of these animals was satirized by Pietro Aretino, who wrote "The Last Will and Testament" of a white one of these animals given by Manuel I of Portugal to Leo X. In addition to Hanno, another one of these animals was given as a gift by Harun al-Rashid and was named Abbas. After victories in Africa, Pompey attempted to use one of these animals to draw his triumphal chariot, but it could not fit through the city gate. For ten points, name these massive animals employed by the Carthaginians during Hannibal's crossing of the Alps.

elephants BONUS: What man was born in the Year of the Elephant, and was ordered to "Recite!" on the Night of Power? ANSWER: Muhammad Page 5 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2015-2016 Bowl Backup Round 1

(10) Dixon Lewis helped this president create an institution to manage the money supply. The Independent Treasury Act was passed under this president, who vetoed a bill that would have raised $500,000 for the improvement of rivers and harbors. Abraham Lincoln asked this president to point out the exact spot where American blood was shed in opposing a war fought during his presidency. Whigs chanted "Who is [this man]?" during a race when he was chosen as a "dark horse" candidate by the Democratic party. For ten points, name this president who led the U.S. to victory in the Mexican-American War.

James Knox Polk BONUS: The Independent Treasury Act was passed with the help of Senate Finance chair Dixon Lewis, a politician from this state. Other pre-Civil War senators from this state included William Rufus King, who also served as a representative from North Carolina.

(31) In one election, this president exacerbated a split in his party by joining with the "quids." As governor of Virginia, this man dealt with the revolt of Gabriel Prosser. The acquisition of Florida occurred in this president's tenure via the Adams-Onis Treaty. This promulgator of the Clark Memorandum and Roosevelt Corollary oversaw the Era of Good Feelings, and he was succeeded by James Madison. For the point, name this fifth President of the United States.

James Monroe

(4) The most famous of these specific performances was supported by newcomers Billy Cox and Larry Lee. An early surviving recording of these performances took place at Merriweather Post Pavilion and, like the most famous of these events, includes the melody from (+) "Taps." The last of these performances came in Hawaii a month before the performer's 1970 death in a London apartment. The most famous of these performances enjoys a good quality video recording due to the early (*) morning light, as it came at the end of the Woodstock festival. For ten points, name these patriotic guitar performances by the leader of the Experience.

Jimi Hendrix playing the Star Spangled Banner (or equivalents; prompt on partial answers) Page 10 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2015-2016 Bowl Round 7

(6) During this man's presidency, a protest against a tax on dwelling-houses was led by the auctioneer John Fries. This first U.S. ambassador to Holland wrote about checks and balances in his Thoughts on Government. The Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions were written in opposition to this President's set of anti-immigration laws, the Alien and Sedition Acts, whose unpopularity led this man to lose his re-election bid to Thomas Jefferson. For ten points, name this founding father and second U.S. President.

John Adams (prompt on Adams; do not accept or prompt on John Quincy Adams)

(30) This publication falsely predicted the death of Titan Leed, which led this publication to insist that the still-alive Leed was an impostor. It took its name from the author of Rider's British Merlin. This publication was said to be written by an astronomer in its early years, before that character was re-written as a dull, thrifty countryman. The Way of Wealth is a collection of sayings from this publication, including "early to bed and early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy, and wise." For the point, name this pseudonymously-published almanac by Benjamin Franklin.

Poor Richard's Almanac

(9) This group won its first victory at the Battle of Tegyra under Pelopidas. Gorgidas hand-picked members of this group, which consisted of erastes and eromenos. Plato's Symposium argued that a unit developed the way that this one was could conquer the world. Philip II wept upon seeing the dead bodies of this unit, which was part of a massively reinforced left wing that smashed through Spartan lines at the Battle of Leuctra but was annihilated at Chaeronea. For ten points, name this military force consisting of 300 homosexual male lovers from Thebes.

Sacred Band of Thebes (or Hieros Lokhos; do not accept Sacred Band of Carthage) BONUS: The reinforced left wing at the Battle of Leuctra was the idea of what Theban military commander, who died in another clash against the Spartans at Mantinea? ANSWER: Epaminondas

(37) This author wrote a treatise whose first three books discuss human truths and whose fourth discusses divine truth; that work by this author was legendarily intended to address the "Errors of the (+) Infidels" on the order of Raymond of Penafort. This man wrote an important commentary on the Sentences of Lombard, whom he called "the Master" in another work that discusses the (*) quinque viae, or five proofs of the existence of God. For the point, name this Doctor of the Catholic Church whose theological writings include Summa contra Gentiles and Summa Theologica.

Saint Thomas Aquinas (or Tomasso d'Aquino)

(10) One man took advantage of the high prevalence of handkerchiefs in this event, which made a rule about "open hands" unenforceable. James Parker unsuccessfully tried to stop this event, whose perpetrator said "I have (+) done my duty" before being knocked out by rifle butts. After being inspired by Gaetano Bresci, one participant in this event managed to hide a (*) gun under a bandage wrap. For ten points, name this 1901 event that took place at Buffalo's Pan-American Exposition and resulted in Leon Czolgosz [zhul-gosh] being arrested for murder.

assassination of William McKinley Extra Question Only read if you need a backup or tiebreaker!

(55) Alvarez de Albornoz reconquered this region for its government in exile. Control of this region ´ switched between the Colonna and Orsini families. The Duchy of Romagna was annexed to this region by Cesare [che-sa-ray] Borgia, the illegitimate son of its ruler. This region grew to include Avignon after the election of Clement V. It also expanded under its "warrior" leader, Julius II, though by 1870, this entity was absorbed into Italy. For the point, name this collection of territories governed by the head of the Roman Catholic Church.

Papal States Page 11 NHBB A-Set Bee 2016-2017 Bee Final Round

(6) A portrait of this man depicts him in a blue-green vest with gold buttons, sitting at a polished table with a needle and pair of burins. This artisan honored the "glorious ninety-two" in a bowl commemorating resistance to the Townshend Acts and commissioned by the Sons of Liberty. He was depicted with his left hand holding a not-yet-engraved teapot by portraitist John Singleton Copley. For ten points, name this Boston silversmith and patriot whose midnight ride was the subject of a Longfellow poem.

Paul Revere

(8) This man ended Quintus Sertorius' revolt, and it took this man just a few months to end a wave of piracy after he was given a navy by the Lex (+) Gabinia. This man won a minor victory at the Battle of Dyrrhachium, about a month before he was forced into fighting against the Populares in Greece. Those battles were fought as this man faced against a former (*) ally, who had joined this man in an alliance with Marcus Licinius Crassus. For ten points, name this member of the First Triumvirate whose loss at Pharsalus allowed Julius Caesar to win the Roman Civil War.

Pompey the Great (or Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus) Page 10 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2015-2016 Bowl Round 4 Extra Question Only read if you need a backup or tiebreaker!

(25) Seven councillors of this city were killed by the followers of Jan Zelivsky. This city's V´ıtkov Hill is the site of an equestrian statue of Jan Zizka, who defeated the Holy Roman Emperor Sigismund there in 1420. Under Charles IV, this city flourished as capital of the Holy Roman Empire. In 1618 in this city, two Imperial ambassadors were thrown out a window, beginning the Thirty Years War. For the point, name this city, the capital of both Bohemia and the modern Czech Republic.

Prague

(7) An inaugural address delivered by this U.S. president relates the story of soldier Martin Treptow, who died in World War I. Yellow ribbons were worn to celebrate the inauguration of this president. A speech delivered by this president to the National Association of Evangelicals claimed that the Judeo-Christian tradition was superior to the collective mentality of the Soviet Union, which he dubbed an "Evil Empire." For ten points, name this president whose first inauguration coincided with the end of the Iran Hostage Crisis in 1980.

Ronald Reagan BONUS: Reagan's First Inaugural Address described Reagan's political philosophy by saying that this concept "is not the solution to our problem;" this concept "is the problem." ANSWER: government

(13) This man tried to destroy his second symphony, written to celebrate American fighter pilots in World War II. He expressed longing for his Mount Kisco home in the neoclassical Capricorn Concerto. A prose poem by James Agee provided the text of his Knoxville: Summer of 1915. Another piece by this partner of (+) Gian Carlo Menotti was arranged from the second movement of his string quartet and was played on air to mourn the (*) deaths of Franklin Roosevelt and John F. Kennedy. For the point, name this American composer of the Adagio for Strings.

Samuel Barber Page 3 NHBB Nationals Bee 2015-2016 Bee Playoff Round 1

(7) Descriptive answer acceptable. Before this engagement, the winning commander dismissed enemy envoys by saying that he was not there "to learn its history, but to subdue its rebels." The temples of the Oracle at Delphi were sacked in order to raise much-needed money for this action, which also resulted in the destruction of a sacred (+) olive grove. The defending commander, Aristion, partied and ate well while his citizens resorted to cannibalism during this event. The (*) Long Walls were razed for the final time after, for ten points, what 87 to 86 BC action during the First Mithridatic War, in which a certain Roman general besieged and captured an important Attic city.

Sulla's Siege of Athens (or Sulla's sack of Athens; accept the 87-86 BC Siege of Athens before the years are given; prompt on "(Roman) Siege of Athens")

(22) Two years after this event, its primary figure was brought to the Glienicke Bridge for a meeting involving Rudolf Abel. This event led to increased interest and funding in the Corona program, as well as the collapse of the Four Power Paris Summit. The existence of photographs of Cheylabinsk-65, a plutonium processing plant, doomed the subject of this event to a hard labor sentence for espionage. For the point, name this international crisis during the Cold War when Gary Powers, an American spy pilot, was shot down in Soviet airspace.

1960 U-2 crisis (accept descriptions of Gary Powers being shot down before "Gary Powers" is said; prompt on other descriptive answers)

(7) John March led an unsuccessful attempt to capture this region's capital. A guerilla war led by Jean-Louis Le Loutre in this region was quashed at the Battle of Fort Beausejour. Charles Lawrence invited the New England Planters to resettle this region after he deported most of its existing population, many of whom became the Cajuns. For ten points, name this region of New France whose inhabitants were expelled to Louisiana after the French and Indian War.

Acadia (accept Acadie; prompt on New France) BONUS: Many Acadians came from this modern Canadian province, including its Cape Breton Island. ANSWER: Nova Scotia Page 4 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2015-2016 Bowl Round 5

(9) The "character" of this continent is "difficult to comprehend" according to The Philosophy of History, which argues this region's "Unhistorical, Undeveloped Spirit" was merely "on the (+) threshold of the World's history." Placide Tempels, a missionary to this continent, tried to describe this continent's philosophical movement in (*) Bantu Philosophy. For ten points, name this continent that was called "no historical part of the World" by Hegel, who instead explained that Carthaginian history belonged to Asia.

Africa

(3) Security guards around this party's headquarters massacred 19 supporters of an opposing party in the Shell House massacre. This party staged a massive demonstration of civil disobedience in the Defiance Campaign. Magoo's Bar and Church Street were locations targeted by this party's militant wing, some of whose members were convicted in the Rivonia Trial. F.W. de Klerk lifted the ban on, for ten points, what party that has led post-apartheid South Africa?

African National Congress (or ANC)

(9) This man built a round mausoleum based on Etruscan tombs in the Campus Martius and built a temple to Mars the Avenger in his namesake (+) forum. One depiction of this man known as the Via Labicana shows him wearing a veil as Pontifex Maximus. Another depiction of this man (*) rests his bare right foot next to Cupid riding a dolphin, indicating his divine heritage; that statue shows this man wearing a cuirass engraved with a cosmic scene of the return of standards from Parthia, and was found at Livia's villa in Primaporta. For the points, name this first Roman emperor.

Augustus Caesar (or Octavian or Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus)

(10) Members of the 79th New York Infantry fought skirmishes near Sherrick House at this battle. During it, George Crook led the first unsuccessful attempt to cross Rohrbach's Bridge, which was later named for (+) Ambrose Burnside. At this battle, Union forces attempted to flank the Confederates at a church belonging to farmers of the Dunker movement. An Irish Brigade launched one of numerous attacks on a natural trench held by the (*) Confederates, now called the Bloody Lane. This battle, which included over 22,000 casualties, allowed Abraham Lincoln to issue the Emancipation Proclamation. For ten points, name this battle, fought near Sharpsburg, Maryland, the bloodiest single day battle in American history.

Battle of Antietam (accept Battle of Sharpsburg until "Sharpsburg" is read) Extra Question Only read if you need a backup or tiebreaker!

(1) Either directly before or after this battle, the losing side sent a fleet around Cape Sounion to attack an unguarded city. An epitaph for soldiers who died at this battle noted how they "laid low the army of the gilded (+) Medes [meedz]." Soldiers killed at this battle included the brother of the playwright Aeschylus [esk-uh-luss], the archon (*) Callimachus, and hundreds of invaders who drowned trying to retreat through a swamp. For the points, name this 490 BC battle in which Darius' Persian invasion was turned back by Greek forces, after which an Athenian ran 26 miles to inform the city.

Battle of Marathon

(16) At this battle, Cynaegirus had his hand cut off while trying to reel in an enemy ship. It is unknown whether Themistocles served as a strategos at this battle or simply fought in it; in the aftermath of this battle, Themistocles advocated the revamping of the Athenian fleet to protect against an invasion that came ten years later. Miltiades led the Athenians at, for the point, what victory over the Persians that ended Darius' invasion of Greece in 490 BC?

Battle of Marathon

(6) One monument to this battle was the finish line for the marathon at the 1960 Summer Olympics. This battle was preceded by clashes at Turin and Verona, where Ruricius Pompeianus was killed. The loser of this battle misinterpreted the statement of the (+) Sibylline books that "an enemy of Rome would perish." It took place at an endpoint of the Via Flaminia. The winner used a military standard, the Labarum, supposedly after (*) seeing a vision of a cross with the words "in hoc signo vinces" in the sky. That winner later converted to Christianity. For ten points, name this battle in which Maxentius was defeated by Constantine near a structure spanning the Tiber River.

Battle of Milvian Bridge

(28) This work details nine captured kings, including Bardiya and Gaumata, who were defeated over the course of 19 battles. Like the Rosetta Stone for hieroglyphics, this work's use of Elamite, Babylonian, and (+) Persian scripts made this text crucial to deciphering cuneiform, in addition to its historical value detailing rebellions that arose after the deaths of (*) Cambyses II and Cyrus the Great. Ahura Mazda is continually praised in, for the point, what text that opens "I am Darius, the great king," that is inscribed on a limestone cliff in Iran?

Behistun inscription (be lenient with pronunciation; Bistun, Bisotun, Behistan, etc. are all acceptable)

(29) After this man claimed that a belt buckle prevented him from stabbing a friend, Donald Trump mocked him by asking "how stupid are the people of Iowa?" This man gave a speech at Andrews University claiming that the Pyramids were built to store grain. After claiming to be "too inexperienced" to join the Cabinet, this former 2016 Republican presidential candidate was tapped to become Secretary of Housing and Urban Development. For the point, name this politician and former neurosurgeon.

Ben Carson

(5) This man ceded land to his eastern neighbor and promised to punish some assassins in the Treaty of Arras. Those assassins had killed his rival, John the Fearless, while this man was negotiating with him to end conflict between the Armagnacs and Burgundians. The Treaty of Troyes, signed shortly after the Battle of (+) Agincourt, tried to block this "King of Bourges" from the throne. Shortly after recapturing Tourelles, this man's army was able to (*) lift the Siege of Orleans. For ten points, name this French king who won the Hundred Years' War and was crowned by Joan of Arc at Reims Cathedral.

Charles VII of France (accept Charles the Victorious or Charles le Victorieux; accept Charles the Well Served or Charles le Bien Servi

(8) One side in this conflict established its naval superiority following the Battle of the Downs. Frederick Henry lost support in this conflict following his defeat at Kallo, and the Twelve Years Truce was broken by the Duke of Olivares in this conflict. The Sea Beggers participated in this conflict that was ended by the Treaty of Munster, and Diego Velasquez painted a depiction of this conflict's siege of Breda. William the Silent brought the House of Orange to prominence in, for ten points, what lengthy conflict for Dutch independence from Spain?

Eighty Years War (or the Dutch War of Independence) BONUS: This son and successor of William of Orange became renowned for his reorganization of the army based on principles of Vegetius. He worked closely with Johan von Oldenbarnevelt. ANSWER: Maurice of Nassau

(1) Cardinal Innitzer offered aid for this event, only to be told that its home country had "neither cardinals nor cannibals." The New York Times' Walter Duranty won a Pulitzer Prize for his correspondence work, which explicitly denied this event. In 2007, the (+) Verkhovna Rada declined to vote on a bill that would criminalize the denial of this event; that bill was proposed by Viktor (*) Yushchenko. The possession of food was a criminal offense during, for the point, what 1932-33 Soviet-engineered genocide in which over three million Ukrainians starved to death?

Holodomor (prompt on descriptions of a Soviet famine in Ukraine; do not accept or prompt "Holocaust")

(31) One member of this family ordered his Defense Brigades to massacre inhabitants of Tadmur Prison; that man from this family rose to power after overthrowing Salah Jadid. Bassel's death in a car crash led another son of Hafez to rise to the head of this family; that man is the current Alawite ruler of a country whose use of chemical weapons crossed President Obama's "red line." For the point, name this Syrian ruling family currently led by Bashar.

al-Assad family

(6) A life size nude depicting a female Greek one of these people holds a small cross in a marble sculpture by Hiram Powers. Juan de Pareja was one of these people who himself became an artist after he was painted by Diego Velazquez. Two sculptures, later identified as these people rather than prisoners, were intended to flank a horned sculpture of Moses for the tomb of Pope Julius II. For ten points, name this type of person who Michelangelo showed bound to rocks as part of their forced labor.

slave

(4) Vladimir Lenin's older brother was hanged for plotting the death of one ruler of this name on the sixth anniversary of the assassination of another ruler of this name by the Narodnaya Volya. In an accident near Borki Station, one ruler with this name held up a collapsed train roof to help his children escape. Alaska was sold to the U.S. by the second tsar of this name, and the Decembrist revolt broke out after the death of the first tsar of this name. For the point, give this name shared by three Romanov tsars, including the emancipator of the serfs.

Alexander

(13) This politician referred to opponent William Randolph Hearst as "a man as low and mean as I can picture." Along with his so-called political "twin," Robert F. Wagner, this man chaired the commission that investigated the Triangle Shirtwaist fire. Known as the "Happy Warrior," he broke with his successor as governor, Franklin Roosevelt, and opposed the New Deal. For the point, what New York Governor was the first Catholic nominee for President, but lost to Herbert Hoover?

Alfred "Al" Smith

(6) One side in this battle retreated to Bacoor Bay. Camara's Flying Relief Column was sent to aid the losing side in this battle, which had originally wanted to fight at Subic Bay until the (+) Castilla started leaking. The USS Olympia was the flagship of the victorious leader of this battle, who subsequently became the only "six star" admiral. The order "You (*) may fire when ready Gridley" was given by the winning commander at, for ten points, what decisive victory for George Dewey in the Philippines during the Spanish-American War?

Battle of Manila Bay

(4) This man built an unusual octag nal building where his throne was placed under ceiling mosaic of Apostles and the Lamb of God. A stained glass window in Chartres Cathedral shows this (+) ruler kneeling as he presents relics to two monks in the Palatine Chapel. This man employed the historian (*) Paul the Deacon and patronized the creation of many manuscripts, leading to the development of his namesake miniscule script by Alcuin at the court he established at Aachen. For ten points, name this Frankish king succeeded by Louis the Pious.

Charlemagne (or Car lus Magnus or Charles the Great or Karl der Grosse

(5) Haci I Giray founded a state in this region that gained nominal independence in the Treaty of Kuchuk Kainarji. Alfonso La Marmora and Aimable Pelissier fought together in a campaign in this region. A ´ year later in this region, Pavel Liprandi's forces retreated, thinking that a large force lay behind Colin Campbell's 93rd Regiment, which had formed the "thin red line." The Siege of Sevastopol was interrupted by the Battle of Balaclava in an 1850s war named for this region. For ten points, name this peninsula that juts into the Black Sea.

Crimean peninsula (or Tauris or Tauric peninsula; accept Crimean Khanate; accept Crimean War) Page 1 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2015-2016 Bowl Round 11

(3) This thinker wrote that "our aversions and judgments are not, by any means, primarily rational in character" in reference to attitudes to superficial features, like face shape and race. This figure studied how a tribe seemed to shift from patrilineal to matrilineal society; that Vancouver-area tribe was the Kwakiutl. This scholar's "four field" approach included linguistic and archaeological research and was taught to students like Alfred Kroeber, Ruth Benedict, and Margaret Mead. For ten points, name this American thinker, the founder of Columbia University's revolutionary anthropology school and author of The Mind of Primitive Man.

Franz Boas BONUS: This Kwakiutl gift-giving ceremony, common to many Native American tribes in the Pacific Northwest, was studied by Boaz. This practice was once banned as a "useless custom" by federal officials. ANSWER: potlatch Page 3 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2015-2016 Bowl Round 8

(4) One of these people named Jean Calas was posthumously exonerated by Louis XV from charges of murdering his son. These people were forced to house ill-behaved soldiers with permission to abuse their hosts in a policy called dragonnades [drah goh nahd]. The Edict of Potsdam encouraged the relocation of these people to Prussia, and the Duke of Buckingham attempted to help these people at the Siege of La Rochelle. For ten points, name these people, members of the French Reformed Church who were once protected by the Edict of Nantes [nahnt].

Huguenots (accept French Protestants; accept French Calvinists until "French Reformed Church" is read; prompt on partial answers accordingly) BONUS: This man fought for Jean Calas' innocence after his execution, writing about Calas' trial in the Treatise on Tolerance. This lumi`ere often attacked the Catholic Church, ending his letters with "crush the infamy!" ANSWER: Voltaire (or Fran¸cois-Marie Arouet

(11) During this ruler's reign, a 1686 Eternal Peace Treaty set the border between his country and its eastern neighbor. This ruler's election as king partly stemmed from his victory at the Battle of Chocim. According to legend, the bagel was invented to honor of this man's victories. Labeled the "Lion of Lechistan," this ruler led thousands of winged hussars in the largest cavalry charge in history to defeat Kara Mustafa Pasha. For ten points, name this king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth who stopped the Ottoman siege of Vienna in 1683

Jan III Sobieski; (accept Jan III Sobieski; accept John III Sobieski; accept John III Sobieski; accept Jonas Sobieskis) BONUS: Jan III fought for Charles X Gustav, then switched to the Polish side, during what period of Swedish invasion of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth? ANSWER: the Deluge (accept Potop; accept Tvanas) Page 6 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2015-2016 Bowl V Finals

(5) A failed hunt for this creature with an ox-head is depicted on the Altuna Runestone and the eighth Ardre stone. A god takes nine steps after slaying this creature; in another story, that god lifts the foot of this creature after it is turned into a colossus cat at Utgard. This creature is cut off of Thor's fishing line by the giant Hymir, and the releasing of its tail will start Ragnarok. For ten points, name this sibling of Hel and Fenrir, a giant snake in Norse mythology that encircles the world.

Jormungandr (accept the Midgard Serpent or the World Serpent BONUS: The Midgard Serpent is closely related with this ancient symbol that depicts a serpent eating its own tail. The first known appearance of this symbol was found in the tomb of King Tutankhamun. ANSWER: ouroboros

(4) Infighting within this state led to the Battle of Bogesund, in which one side's leader perished on the frozen Lake Malaren. This state faced a rebellion by Erik Puke, who attempted to fulfill the goals of the earlier Engelbrekt rebellion. The second ruler of this state was Eric of Pomerania; his predecessor defeated Albrecht of Mecklenberg to form this state. A bloodbath caused by the Archbishop of Uppsala, along with the coronation of Gustav I of Sweden, greatly weakened this state, which was founded by Margaret I of Denmark. For ten points, name this medieval union of Norway, Sweden, and Denmark.

Kalmar Union

(4) One holder of this position expanded his capital city to include Janiculum Hill, while another holder of this position created the Tribal Assembly for the lower classes. Holders of this position repeatedly fought against Veii [way ee] and destroyed the city of Alba Longa. The last holder of this position was overthrown by Lucius Junius Brutus after the Rape of Lucretia. Julius Caesar was assassinated because the conspirators thought he wanted to revive, for ten points, what position held by the first seven rulers of Rome?

King of Rome (accept King alone after "Rome" is read at the end of the question; prompt on generic descriptions like ruler of Rome; do not accept emperor of Rome or other specific non-King titles) BONUS: The last three kings of Rome were descendants of this civilization, which dominated Italy before the rise of Rome. ANSWER: Etruscan

(3) This event's trophy, the Woodlawn Vase, was buried in Kentucky for protection during the Civil War. Survivor's record margin of victory in this event in 1873 was not surpassed until 2004 by Smarty Jones. In 1973, employees of Daily Racing Form confirmed that Secretariat set a speed record of 1 minutes 53 seconds at this event, whose winner is draped in faux-Black-Eyed Susans. Pimlico Race Course annually hosts this event in Maryland three weeks before the Belmont Stakes. For ten points, name this second race of the Triple Crown.

Preakness Stakes (do not accept or prompt on Triple Crown)

(28) This man claimed "there are extremists on both sides" in response to an audience member's question at Ball State. Later that night, this man prepared his audience, asking people to lower campaign signs, as he began an impromptu speech from a flatbed truck in Indianapolis; in that speech, he noted that "Martin Luther King dedicated his life to love and to justice between fellow human beings". For the point, name this former Attorney General who gave that speech after King's assassination, then was assassinated himself two months later by Sirhan Sirhan.

Robert Francis Kennedy (or RFK)

(2) The first victims of this event were 24 nonjuring priests being transported to the Abbey of Saint Germain des Pr´es. During this event, the Princess de Lamballe's head was cut off and paraded on pike. Some interpretations argue that the (+) Reign of Terror was a measured response to prevent a repeat of this event. This event was sparked by the Duke of (*) Brunswick's invasion of France, and was carried out by mobs of sans-culottes. Georges Danton refused to stop, for ten points, what slaughter, during the French Revolution, of about half of Paris' prison population?

September Massacres

(3) In 1955, this man accused the US of being a threat to world peace in a speech that promised to "never forget that the first atom bomb was exploded on Asian soil." In Geneva in 1954, John Foster Dulles snubbed this man's handshake. This man's 1976 death triggered the Tiananmen Incident when the Gang of Four removed mourning protestors from the square. The meeting between Mao Zedong and Richard Nixon was arranged by, for ten points, what first Premier of the People's Republic of China?

Zhou Enlai

(18) In a "Fragment of a Turkish Tale" by this writer, the title infidel become a vampire. This poet of "The Giaour" [JOW-er] also used the story of Genevan patriot Fran¸cois Bonivard [fran-SWAH boh-nee-VAR] as the basis for "The Prisoner of Chillon" [shee-YOHN]. Another of his poems praises a "mind at peace with all below." This poet affixed a sarcastic dedication to "Bob" Southey [SOW-thee] to an "epic satire" about the title renowned lover. For the point, name this Romantic poet of "She Walks in Beauty" and Don Juan [JEW-un] who died in the Greek War of Independence.

George Gordon, Lord Byron (accept either underlined name)

(22) This country's troops were aided by a swarm of angry bees in thwarting an attack by Arthur Aitken at the Battle of Tanga. Kinjikitile Ngwale [kin-jee-kit-ee-lay n-WAH-lay] convinced the Matumbi tribe that the bullets of soldiers from this country would (+) turn to water during the Maji Maji rebellion. After this country was victorious at the Battle of Waterberg, (*) Lothar von Trotha infamously marched the Herero people into the Kalahari desert, where they died of dehydration in this country's colony of Southwest Africa. For the points, name this European country that possessed the Caprivi Strip in modern-day Namibia.

Germany Page 5 NHBB Nationals Bee 2016-2017 Bee Final Round - JV

(9) This man's AVNOJ and an exiled government loyal to Peter II were briefly allied by the Treaty of Vis. This man narrowly escaped a raid on Drvar during Operation Knight's Move. This enemy of the Chetniks arrested the priest Aloysius Stepinac on charges of treason. This European leader opted to leave Cominform and become the first Secretary-General of the Non-Aligned Movement during a 1948 split with Joseph Stalin. For the point, name this Marshal and longtime leader of communist Yugoslavia.

Josip Broz Tito

(28) This empire was invaded by Russia during the Bergmann Offensive after fears that it would attack Russia for the city of Kars, which Russia had taken in 1877. This empire was forced to cede Bessarabia at the Treaty of Bucharest, while the Treaty of Kuchuk-Kainarji eliminated this empire's control over the Crimean Khanate. This empire's fleet was destroyed by Russian ships at the Battle of Sinop, beginning the Crimean War. For the point, name this empire, the target of Russian ambitions on its capital of Constantinople.

Ottoman Empire

(11) One city in this state was home to a railroad that built the first double-track main line in America and is the seat of Berks County. In this state, a city's Dickson Locmotive Works is part of the (+) Steamtown National Historic Site. A 1962 mine fire forced the abandonment of Centralia in this state's (*) Coal Region. This state's namesake railroad built the Horseshoe Curve near Altoona as well as a station that was modeled after the Baths of Caracalla and demolished in 1963. Reading and Scranton are found in, for the points, what state where transportation bills are debated in Harrisburg?

Pennsylvania

(30) Carved prisms known as congs are found in ancient burial sites in this country, and are usually carved from jade. A colossal statue of a religious figure was carved into a cliffside at Leshan in this country. One emperor of this country had several thousand weapons, horses and soldiers with unique faces made for his tomb out of clay. For the point, name this country where Shi Huangdi commissioned the Terracotta warriors and the Forbidden Palace was built in Beijing.

People's Republic of China (or Zhongguo) Extra Question Only read if moderator botches a question.

(6) This politician earned the nickname "The Raven" after living with Cherokee tribe. This man fought under Andrew Jackson and was wounded by an arrow at the Battle of Horseshoe Bend. John (+) Bell and this politician were the only Southern senators to vote against the Kansas-Nebraska Act. He earned his highest position after defeating Henry Smith and Stephen (*) Austin in an election. This politician was forced to resign as governor after refusing to join the Confederacy. For ten points, name this first President of Texas and namesake of a large Texas city near the Gulf.

Samuel Houston

(1) In this body of water, the Gregorio del Pilar apprehended eight boats near its Scarborough Shoal in 2012. Both the Second Thomas Shoal and Mischief Reef in this body of water have been the site of military positions. The (+) Ocean Oil 981 triggered a 2014 incident in this body of water, which is home to the Paracel Islands. The (*) nine-dotted line describes one country's claims in this sea, which have been enforced with artificial islands. The Spratly Islands are in, for ten points, what highly disputed Asian body of water?

South China Sea (or West Philippine Sea) BONUS: Mark Begich is one of only eight Senators to have been elected in what state? ANSWER: Alaska

(5) After this group demanded that free groceries be distributed to the homeless, Ronald Reagan joked that he hoped the food would be tainted by botulism. Colston Westbrook invited this group's founder, Donald DeFreeze, who later took the name (+) "Cinque," to join the Black Cultural Association in a Vacaville prison. One member of this group with the pseudonym "Tania" was captured by a security camera yelling at (*) bank customers during this group's robbery of the Hibernia Bank; that member was earlier abducted from her Berkeley apartment in 1974. For ten points, name this radical group that kidnapped Patty Hearst.

Symbionese Liberation Army

(1) One district in this city was dubbed "Electric Town" for its booming black market. Six island fortresses were built on the artificial island of Odaiba in this city, which may be reached through Rainbow Bridge. In 1960 in this city's Hibiya Hall, a nationalist stabbed a socialist politician on live TV; that hall is in this city's Chiyoda ward. For ten points, name this city where Frank Lloyd Wright's Imperial Hotel survived the 1923 Great Kanto earthquake.

Tokyo

(3) This author continued Thucydides' History of the Peloponnesian War in his Hellenica. Like Aristotle, this man wrote a well-regarded work discussing the constitution of the Spartans. This author's comrades were victorious at the Battle of (+) Cunaxa, though their commander was killed, and they cry out "Thalassa, Thalassa!" or "The Sea, the Sea!" after reaching the (*) Black Sea. Despite its title, only the first chapter of this author's best known work describes a journey inland to join Cyrus the Younger. For ten points, name this Greek who wrote about the Ten Thousand in his Anabasis.

Xenophon

(13) Dr. John Rock provided support for early testing of this product. Enovid was the first marketed form of this product to combine an estradiol with a (+) progestin and was invented by Dr. Gregory Pincus; four years after it was released, one user of this product suffered a blood clot, leading to studies showing a correlation between blood clots and the use of this medicine. The encyclical (*) Humanae Vitae confirmed the Catholic Church's opposition to, for the point, what type of medication, commonly called "the Pill," which is used to prevent pregnancy?

birth control medication (or medicine for the purpose of contraception; accept "the Pill" before mentioned; do not accept any non-hormonal forms of contraception; do not accept abortion) Page 3 NHBB Nationals Bee 2015-2016 Bee Final Round

(25) Charles Ives' second piece in this form has movements dedicated to Emerson and Thoreau and is subtitled "Concord." The second of these pieces by Frederic Chopin, in B flat minor, contains a funeral march that was played at the funerals of JFK and Leonid Brezhnev. Mozart's eleventh of these pieces for piano ends with a march that imitated Janissary bands, the Rondo alla Turca. For the point, name these multi-movement works for solo piano that include Beethoven's "Moonlight."

piano sonatas Page 5 NHBB Nationals Bee 2015-2016 Bee Round 4

(9) During this event, a Nightstawker helicopter entered a vortex ring state and damaged its tail rotor. Some participants in this event claimed they used "cakebread" or "crankshaft" as a codeword instead of the controversial "Geronimo." Contradictory accounts have emerged about whether or not the central figure in this event used women as human shields in his compound in Abbottabad. For ten points, name this May 2011 operation by Seal Team 6, codenamed Neptune Spear, in which the founder of Al-Qaeda was killed.

the death (or killing, etc.) of Osama bin Laden (accept equivalents) Page 2 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2015-2016 Bowl Round 10

(28) According to a myth from this empire, the first plants that yielded alcohol were formed from the dismembered corpse of a beautiful goddess. According to anthropologist Marvin Harris, people in this empire allegedly kept stocks of prisoners of war to use as a protein source, and their religious rituals often involved the consumption of pulque [pul kay]. This empire constructed Chinampas, or artificial islands for gardening, to increase the agricultural yield of Lake Texcoco. For the point, name this empire that procured food for the citizens of Tenochtitlan.

Aztec Empire

(29) This country's fascist movement was known as Rexism and was led by L´eon Degrelle. This country's Dyle River formed the basis for Maurice Gamelin's defensive plans, and its fortress of Eben-Emael was captured by paratroopers during Case Yellow. World War I fighting in this country included the first use of chlorine gas during the Battle of Ypres [eep]. For the point, name this country invaded by Germany during both World Wars as part of the invasion of France.

Belgium Page 6 NHBB Nationals Bee 2016-2017 Bee Round 2

(6) In this state, the Manly brothers were forced to abandon their Daily Record newspaper after a violent coup destroyed their property and installed Alfred Waddell as mayor. On February 1, 1960, Joseph McNeil and Ezell Blair were part of a group of four A&T students who were refused service at a Woolworth lunch counter in this state, sparking a sit-in campaign and boycott that lasted over five months. The Wilmington insurrection of 1898 and the Greensboro sit-ins took place in, for the point, what southern state where poll taxes and literacy tests were agreed to in the state legislature in Raleigh?

North Carolina

(3) The scope of this amendment was expanded by a case filed against a worker who was paid an advance of $15 by the Riverside Company, then quit shortly thereafter. James Mitchell Ashley introduced a bill that was rolled into this amendment. The aforementioned Bailey v. Alabama strengthened this amendment, whose purpose was undermined by the rise of sharecropping as a replacement for indentured servitude. For ten points, name this civil rights amendment, ratified in 1865, that abolished slavery.

13th Amendment

(10) Nearly 1,500 of these objects are held at a museum in Marikina. After a 1992 political upheaval, hundreds of these objects were moved out of the basement of the Malacanang Palace. Upon the opening of a museum for these objects, their original owner remarked "they went into my closets looking for skeletons, but thank God, all they found were" these objects. For ten points, name this collection of luxury fashion items amassed by the "Iron Butterfly" of the Philippines, who wore most of the hundreds of pairs of them.

Imelda Marcos' shoes (prompt on partial answers, like "shoes" or "Imelda's wardrobe") Page 2 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2016-2017 Bowl Round 9 Second Quarter

(5) This man's troops killed tens of thousands of Greeks by burning down Smyrna while attempting to restore lost territories during the Chanak Crisis. This man's government rejected the Treaty of Sevres in favor of the 1923 Treaty of Lausanne. He promoted the Six Arrows ideology, which created a new modern alphabet based on Latin and banned the wearing of the fez in an attempt to westernise his newly formed republic. For ten points, name this founder of modern Turkey.

Mustafa Kemal Ataturk (accept either or both underlined names) Page 1 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2016-2017 Bowl Round 1

(10) One leader of this modern-day nation signed the Internal Settlement with Abel Muzorewa. This modern day nation was the center of a conflict that was ended with the Lancaster House Agreement. The Bush War was fought in this nation, where Ian Smith declared separation from Britain with his Universal Declaration of Independence. Smith's power in this nation was weakened by the ZAPU and ZANU, which were respectively led by leaders Joshua Nkomo and Robert Mugabe. For ten points, name this country once known as Rhodesia.

Zimbabwe Page 2 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2015-2016 Bowl Round 9 Second Quarter

(31) One plan for the construction of these objects involved the use of pykrete, a mixture of wood pulp and ice, and was named Project Habakkuk. The Tondern Raid was one of the first attacks using these objects, and the Ark Royal was a merchant ship converted to become the first of these objects. These objects come in CATOBAR and ski-jump varities, and the Fairey Swordfish that launched from one of these objects torpedoed the Italian navy at Taranto. For the point, name this type of ship whose flat deck allows for takeoffs and landings.

aircraft carriers (prompt on generic words like "ship" before ship is said; do not accept or prompt other types of ships)

(4) CIA agent Larry Devlin criticized this action, calling it "morally wrong," and argued against Sidney Gottlieb's plan to do this via poisonous "toothpaste." The victim of this event was tortured at the Brouwez House after being held at Camp Hardy in Thysville for over a month. The victim of this event had led his country for nearly three months in 1960 before Belgian-funded secessionists in Katanga forced him out. For ten points, name this January 1961 event that eliminated a political opponent of Mobutu Sese Seko during the Congo Crisis.

assassination (or murder killing, etc.) of Patrice Emery Lumumba BONUS: This leader of Katanga was present for Lumumba's execution. In 1965, Mobutu Sese Seko accused this man of treason, causing his exile to Spain; two years later while returning to Africa, his plane was hijacked and he was imprisoned. ANSWER: Moise Tshombe

(4) Apophenia is a common example of this generic term as applied to random patterns. Framing is an example of this term applied to mass media, and the social desirability type of this concept was studied in election results involving (+) Los Angeles mayor Tom Bradley. Daniel Kahneman's work on this subject with Amos Tversky is analyzed in his Thinking Fast and Slow about the (*) "cognitive" variety of these constructs. Examples of these patterns of thinking in jurors are an example of juror misconduct. For ten points, name these inclination to hold certain beliefs, examples of which include confirmation and attribution types.

bias (accept any elaboration, including social desirability bias, cognitive bias, etc.) Page 1 NHBB Nationals Weekend Extras 2016-2017 Bowl Tiebreaker 2

(5) A painting protesting one form of this activity depicted it in a blue circle near the top; in that work by James Ensor, a bird bleeds on a man's head. In another work, two men watch this activity while standing against a red backdrop, while a woman turning away from this activity covers her eyes with gnarled fingers. Instead of watching this activity, two men in front of the artist's signature, one holding a sheet of paper, look directly at the viewer. For ten points, name this activity performed in Rembrandt's The Anatomy Lesson by Dr. Nicolaes Tulp.

dissection or surgery (accept vivisection; accept The Vile Vivisectors; prompt on The Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Nicolaes Tulp)

(3) Anthony van Dyck created a portrait of Charles I in the midst performing this action, dismounted from his horse. In another painting illustrating labors of different months, people who attempted this action return unsuccessfully down a snowy hillside. A series of seven works depicting this action culminates includes one of the title animal "at the fountain" and culminates with a tapestry showing a unicorn caught in an octagonal pen. For ten points, identify this practice of killing animals.

hunting

(9) When this process occurs, upward movement occurs on an AD-AS model. Symmetrical and non-symmetrical targets for this process are used to control its (+) rate of progression. The Philips curve models an inverse relationship between this economic phenomenon and unemployment. The (*) Weimar Republic suffered from a "hyper" form of, for ten points, what economic indicator of the sustained increase in the price of goods over time?

inflation Page 2 NHBB Nationals Weekend Extras 2016-2017 Emergency Questions

(6) This material makes up a Paleolithic sculpture of a woman's head found in 1892 and called the Venus of Brassempuoy. The Lewis chessmen, discovered in Scotland in 1831, were carved from this material. Along with gold and wood, this material was used to create Phidias' statues of both Zeus at Olympia and the Athena Parthenos. For ten points, name this material used in chryselephantine sculpture, derived from the teeth of animals, often elephants.

ivory BONUS: As the aforementioned Athena Parthenos does not survive, much of what we know about it comes from this first century AD Roman writer of The Natural History, an early encyclopedia. ANSWER: Pliny the Elder (or Gaius Plinius Secundus; prompt on Pliny)

(9) Two answers required. Along with the phrase "don't tread on me," these two words were prominently displayed on the flag of the Culpepper Minutemen. Joseph Addison's play Cato pairs these two words with chains and conquest, popularizing them in (+) colonial America. The "lamp of experience" guides a speaker who cites these two concepts, which are contrasted in the climax of a speech that asks "Is life so dear, or peace so sweet, as to be (*) purchased at the price of chains and slavery?" For ten points, name these two concepts that punctuated a fiery 1775 speech by Patrick Henry.

liberty and death (accept in either order; prompt on partial answers; accept "Give me liberty or give me death" after "lamp" is read)

(10) One of these title people suspects his elder brother and neighbors wish to see men hang themselves so "they can enjoy their heart's desire without being blamed for murder." At the end of a short story about one of these people, the question "Perhaps there are still children who have not (+) eaten men?" is posed by one of these people, who begs the reader to "Save the children..." One of these people named (*) Poprishchin believes he has been captured by the Inquisition after he imagines that he is Ferdinand VIII, king of Spain. For ten points, name these people who, in Lu Xun and Nikolai Gogol short stories, write increasingly paranoid diary entries that document their descent into insanity.

madmen (accept "A Madman's Diary"; accept "Diary of a Madman") Extra Question Only read if you need a backup or tiebreaker!

(4) Leibniz's version of this invention made use of ten "teeth." Wilhelm Schickard's drawings of these devices predate Blaise Pascal's commonly cited "invention" of them. Early modern examples of these devices utilized Reverse Polish notation. Hewlett Packard released one of these devices in 1972 that allowed for operations equivalent to what could be done by slide rules. For ten points, name these devices, produced by companies like Texas Instruments, which allow you to perform mathematical computations.

mechanical calculators (prompt on computer)

(3) James Morrison was pardoned for his role in this event, whose instigator, according to legend, wore lead plummet during it to provide quick avenue to suicide. The HMS Pandora was sent to (+) investigate this event, but ended up sinking in the Torres Strait. John Adams was the only survivor of a group that, during this event, settled on (*) Pitcairn Island after serving on a ship delivering breadfruit. Fletcher Christian led, for ten points, what 1789 insurrection on board William Bligh's Royal Navy ship?

mutiny on the HMS Bounty (accept equivalent descriptions; prompt on partial answers)

(7) After witnessing one of these events, John Francis decided to go on a journey walking all 48 of the contiguous states by foot. In 1967, Blackburn Buccaneer aircraft sent by the Fleet Air Arm dropped bombs and fuel to limit the damage done by one of these events. A dome nicknamed a (+) "sombrero" and the chemical COREXIT failed to completely stop one of these events. One of these disasters was caused by the negligence of Joseph Hazelwood, who drunkenly (*) ran aground in Prince William Sound. For ten points, name these events, the biggest of which began after the Deepwater Horizon blowout in 2010.

oil spills

(5) Famille verte and famille jaune were two variants of this material that were made specifically for export. The secret of how to produce this material was stolen by Francois Xavier d'Entrecolles. The an hua technique was used for "secret decoration" of works of this material. Rebels holding the city of Nanjing destroyed a tower made of this material during the Taiping Rebellion. For ten points, name this ceramic material that was highly coveted by European traders to China, especially a Ming Dynasty-era style of blue-and-white vases.

porcelain (or ci; prompt on china; prompt on pottery or ceramic) BONUS: Chinese porcelain partly inspired what fad in early modern Europe, which sought to mimic Chinese painting, decoration, and architecture? ANSWER: chinoiserie

(33) Along with plums, these objects name a war that was ended by the Treaty of Teschen. Frederick the Great apocryphally ordered a field of these objects to be placed under armed guard which led to their prompt theft. Antoine-Augustine Parmentier helped to overturn laws outlawing the cultivation of these objects. Charles Trevelyan was accused of not doing enough to relieve a famine caused by the failure of this crop. For the point, name this tuber, whose destruction by blight caused an Irish famine.

potatoes

(9) Andrew Hacker's The Math Myth notes that, in 2004, Jeb Bush incorrectly answered a question about one of these figures whose correct answers included 36.9 and 53.1 degrees. In 1876, James Garfield used three of these figures to construct a trapezoid. In the aforementioned anecdote, Jeb Bush did correctly note that "90" and "whatever remains on 180" would be two of its angles. For the point, name this type of polygon whose side lengths follow the Pythagorean formula.

right triangle (prompt on triangle)

(24) In one of his final paintings, El Greco showed people of this profession in bright robes and barefooted with flying angels. That painting was El Greco's version of The Adoration of these people, who are first to visit the (+) Holy Family. A UNESCO World Heritage Site in Ravenna, the Mausoleum of Galla Placida, includes a (*) lunette mosaic of one of these people in a gold robe as an allegory for Christ as a "good" one of them. Three of these people stare at a tomb in one painting by Nicolas Poussin. For the points, name these people shown in Et in Arcadia ego and other pastoral paintings tending their flocks.

shepherds (accept The Adoration of the Shepherds; accept The Good Shepherd)

(33) Because of a mistake made during this activity, Andres Escobar was murdered outside of a bar in 1994. A one-week war named for this activity began with a bombing raid conducted by passenger aircraft and was fought between El Salvador and Honduras. While performing this activity, Diego Maradona executed a controversial, "miraculous" feat dubbed the Hand of God. The 2018 and 2022 world championships of this activity will be held in Russia and, controversially, Qatar, thanks to FIFA bribery. For the point, name this sport played by Cristiano Ronaldo and Lionel Messi.

soccer (or association football; do not accept American or gridiron football)

(5) Thermal voltage is used in set of three equations describing different currents flowing through these devices in the Ebers Moll model. Walter Brattain, William Shockley, and John Bardeen (+) invented these devices at Bell Labs and accordingly won the 1956 Nobel in Physics. The MOSFET variety of these devices is now more popular than their bipolar junction type. Moore's law states that the number of these devices per square inch on an integrated (*) circuit doubles about every two years. For ten points, name these semiconducting devices that amplify electronic signals and were used in a type of namesake radio.

transistor Page 9 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2016-2017 Bowl Round 1

(5) The KOSANBA movement at UCSB successfully petitioned the Library of Congress to alter misspellings of this religion. The Kanzo process initiates new members to this religion, which holds that the gros [groh] and ti "bon anges" [bohn ahnj] reside within humans. Veve symbols are used to represent this religion's gods during rituals. Mambos and Houngans are priests of this religion, which honors the supreme god Bondye. Papa Legba is a major loa of, for ten points, what Haitian religion that is commonly associated with sewing pins and dolls?

vodou (or voodoo) Page 1 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2015-2016 Bowl Backup Round 2

(4) At one battle at this site, duckboards were required on ground level and soldiers drowned in mud if they lost their balance; during that battle, one side took Menin Road and Polygon Wood. An attempt to capture this city during the (+) Spring Offensive led Alexander Haig to issue the "Backs to the Wall" order. A corruption of this city's name named a popular satirical trench newspaper that was popular among troops fighting in this city's (*) salient. For ten points, name this Flemish town that was the site of several bloody battles, including the first major use of poison gas, during World War I.

Ypres [eep-rah] (or Ieper; or Wipers; accept Passchendaele before "Spring" is read) Page 10 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2015-2016 Bowl Round 6

(3) Edward Nkoloso trained people in this occupation by rolling them down hills in oil drums in Zambia. Yang Liwei's work in this occupation as part of the Shenzhou project culminated in 2003. Ilan Ramon became the first Israeli citizen to carry out this job. In 1962, the citizens of Perth, Australia turned on their lights to honor an American in this occupation passing overhead. For ten points, name this occupation held by the Mercury Seven, including John Glenn.

astronauts (accept Afronauts; accept hang tian yuan or yu hang yuan BONUS: The Chinese space program has currently launched two of these crafts named Tiangong with a third planned for the 2020s. In 2001, a Russian one of these crafts was intentionally de-orbited over Fiji. ANSWER: space station (anti-prompt on Mir) Page 3 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2016-2017 Bowl Round 7

(35) Legendarily, the Roman Stoic Epictetus claimed he would rather die than lose this possession, which defined him as a philosopher. A satirical treatise by the Roman emperor Julian the Apostate opposed these things, which were partly destroyed in a Spartan punishment for cowards. According to Cassius Dio, Hadrian was the first Roman emperor to consistently maintain this aesthetic item. For the point, name this appendage long-prized on older Greek men but long-deprecated in Rome, a type of facial hair.

beard Page 7 NHBB Nationals Bee 2015-2016 Bee Round 4 Extra Question Only read if moderator botches a question.

(32) Teratogens are agents that cause these conditions. After the polio vaccine was introduced, the March of Dimes shifted its focus to this type of condition. Thousands of people suffering from this type of condition had the ailment linked to a drug used to remedy morning sickness, thalidomide. Cleft palate and microcephaly are examples of these conditions, the latter of which has recently been linked to the Zika virus. For the point, name this type of medical condition, also known as a congential disorder, that develops in a fetus.

birth defects (or congential defects, disorders, diseases, anomalies, etc., before mentioned)

(5) A subset of this system co-named for Gardner and Salinas allows it to incorporate scientific notation, and the Antoine notation is used to represent numbers in this system. This system was an improvement upon one developed for Napoleon's army by Charles Barbier; that system was night writing. The Grade 2 variety is the most commonly used English type of this system, which was developed by a man who suffered an accident with an awl as a child. For ten points, name this writing system of raised dots used by the blind.

braille writing Page 1 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2016-2017 Bowl Round 9

(44) A poem about a man who died during this activity repeats the lines "I will not see it!" and "At five in the afternoon." People who engage in this activity are the subject of the book Death in the Afternoon. Lady Brett Ashley seduces a professional at this activity, Pedro Romero, in The Sun Also Rises. Members of the Generation of '98 began a movement opposing this activity, arguing that it was culturally backward and inhumane. Matadors engage in, for the point, what Spanish sport that is enjoyed after Pamplona's Running of the Bulls?

bullfighting (accept word forms)

(32) In William Charles's cartoon "Leap No Leap," King George III encourages two men representing Rhode Island and Massachusetts to come to him by promising them "plenty molasses and [this resource]." William Pitt the Elder called this resource "British (+) Gold," and in the 1783 Treaty of Paris, Britain and the U.S. agreed to share this resource harvested off the Grand Banks of Newfoundland. A series of (*) bloodless wars named for this resource began after Iceland extended its claims in the North Atlantic. For the point, name this fish that names a hook-shaped peninsula in Massachusetts.

cod (accept Cod Wars; accept Cape Cod; prompt on fish)

(2) Heinrich Kreutz names a group of these objects, whose members include Ikeya-Seki. The Giotto probe observes these objects and is named because the painter Giotto incorporated one of these objects into his Adoration of the Magi. The destruction of one of these objects named Shoemaker-Levy 9 was observed in 1994. Long period ones may originate from the Oort Cloud. Another of these objects last visited earth in 1986 and will return in 2061. For ten points, name these astronomical objects, one of which is named for Edmond Halley.

comets

(11) Description acceptable. This concept allowed for exemptions amongst knights, thanks to the Declaratio Ferdinandei. This principle was balanced out by the "ecclesiastical reservation" of one treaty. The Edict of Restitution was an attempt to weaken this idea, which did not provide toleration for Calvinism or Anabaptism as an official state religion. The Treaty of Westphalia reaffirmed, for the point, what principle, put forth by the Peace of Augsburg, that formed the backbone of state religion within the German states?

cuius regio, eius re gio (or Whose realm, His re gion; accept any description that notes that the prince or ruler of region gets to pick the re gion followed in that region

(4) One performer of this instrument wrote song in protest of segregationist Governor of Arkansas that was orig nally recorded as an instrumental, "Fables of Faubus." That performer of this instrument also wrote the prehistoric themed jazz tone poem (+) Pithecanthropus Erectus. Charlie Haden played this instrument, as did the composer of The Black Saint and the Sinner Lady, Charles (*) Mingus. This instrument can play a "walking" line and is often played with a "slap" pizzicato in jazz. For ten points, name this largest and lowest-pitched string instrument.

double bass (or upright bass or acoustic bass Page 9 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2016-2017 Bowl Round 10

(6) Blue amulets with this shape are called nazars, and a document written by a "beloved of Ninni" describes damage done to these objects by a physician operating on a tumor. A destructive one of these objects was possessed by the Fomorian Balor. The Byzantines supposedly damaged these objects belonging to Enrico Dandolo, who lost the use of these body parts over time. For ten points, name this body part, often quoted in descriptions of lex talionis from Hammurabi's code and which can be affected by cataracts.

eye (accept evil eye)

(23) Along with labor, this profession names a Minnesota political party that was absorbed into the Democratic party in the 1940s. A quote erroneously attributed to Mary Lease claimed that people of this profession should "raise more hell." Members of this profession advocated for caps on maximum railroad rates and formed the political group known as the Patrons of Husbandry, or the Grange. For the point, name this profession, whose members made use of Cyrus McCormick's mechanical reaper and John Deere's steel plow?

farmers (accept anything having to do with the agriculture industry, including ranching)

(5) Description acceptable. "Slick" Goodlin demanded $150,000 to perform this action, so the honor went to the second choice instead; that man fell off his horse and injured his ribs, so Jack Ridley fashioned a broom handle into a lever to help seal the hatch. This event, which took place above Rogers Dry Lake in the Mojave Desert, utilized the Bell XS-1, a rocket-powered airplane. For ten points, name this October 14, 1947 accomplishment performed by Chuck Yeager.

first breaking of the sound barrier via airplane (accept descriptions of first breaking Mach in an airplane; accept additional correct information if given; prompt on correct-but-not-sought answers, like "Chuck Yeager's flight") Page 1 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2016-2017 Bowl Round 7

(19) This art movement's founder also founded the political party PPF, which was absorbed into its country's burgeoning PNF just a year later. A work from this movement blurred the legs of a dachshund to demonstrate the title Dynamism of a Dog on a Leash. The manifesto of this movement declared a "racing car" to be "more beautiful than the Victory of Samothrace" and was written by Filippo Marinetti. For the point, name this 20th-century Italian art movement that glorified speed and technology.

futurismo

(1) Description acceptable. This event was thought to have occurred in retaliation for the bombing of the perpetrator's Tunisian headquarters in Operation Wooden Leg. Muhammad Zaidan organized this event, which involved the redirection of a vessel to Tartus, Syria. A John Adams opera focusing on this event opens with two choruses of exiles and is named after its only casualty, the 69-year old Leon Klinghoffer. For ten points, name this 1985 event in which members of the Palestine Liberation Front hijacked an Italian passenger liner.

hijacking of the MS Achille Lauro (accept equivalents for hijacking, like take over; accept descriptions of a terrorist attack on the Achille Lauro; prompt on descriptions of the death of (Leon) Klinghoffer before "Klinghoffer" is read)

(2) CNN refused to adopt Jim Cisco's Halloween-inspired nickname for one of these events. According to legend, two dozen people died while partying in the Richelieu Apartments during one of these events in 1969; that event cut Mississippi's Ship Island into two halves. In the aftermath of one of these events, Michael Brown was told "you're doing a heck of a job," in spite of heavy criticism of FEMA's poor relief efforts. For ten points, name these natural disasters whose names, like Camille and Katrina, are often retired when they cause severe damage.

hurricanes

(1) One of these speeches notes that "there can be no era of good feeling save among men of good will," while another includes the observation of "one-third of a nation ill housed, ill clad, ill nourished." The (+) last of these orations began with the claim that "I know it is America's purpose that we shall not fail." One of these orations notes that "the money lenders have fled from their high places" and began with the assertion that "the (*) only thing we have to fear is fear itself." For ten points, name these orations given by a four-term president each time he was elected.

inaugural addresses by Franklin Roosevelt (or inaugurals of FDR; prompt on partial answers; do not accept fireside chats)

(10) During one event held in one of these locations, a photograph was taken of one major world leader poking another leader in the chest; that location was in Sokolniki Park in Moscow. In that 1959 event described by this word, one participant bragged about having color televisions in his country. A group described by this word was scandalized by an affair in which members of this group snubbed the wife of its Secretary of War John Eaton. For ten points, name this word describing Andrew Jackson's cabinet as well as a debate between Nikita Khrushchev and Richard Nixon.

kitchens (accept Kitchen Debate; accept Kitchen Cabinet) Page 2 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2015-2016 Bowl Backup Round 2 Second Quarter

(8) Stanley Stein founded The Star to raise awareness about these people, while living in a place established for these people in Carville, Louisiana. The House is Black is a film about a village of these people in Iran, founded by Farah Pahlavi at Behkadeh Raji. King (+) Baldwin IV of Jerusalem was one of these people, who lived in Kalawao County, overseen by the Board of Health, during the reign of Kamehameha V. Father (*) Damien served in a colony on Molokai that hosted, for ten points, what sufferers of a chronic infection by a mycobaceterium, otherwise known as Hansen's Disease, who suffer from skin lesions?

lepers (accept people who suffer from leprosy) Page 11 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2015-2016 Bowl Round 10

(8) One of these people orchestrated a coup to exile a leader to Ropsha, a manor that was then given to that person. The size of this group of people prompted the nickname "Messalina on the Neva." One of these people lost this status shortly after the Kosciuszko Uprising, and another of these people legendarily built mock villages along the Dnieper River to impress a certain somebody on her visit to Crimea. For ten points, name these men, such as Grigory Orlov and Grigory Potemkin, who had an amorous relationship with a "Great" empress of Russia.

lovers of Catherine the Great (accept Catherine II for Catherine the Great; accept just Catherine after it's read; accept synonyms for lovers; prompt on any individual lover) BONUS: Grigory Potemkin is the namesake of a ship that revolted in 1905 over maggot-ridden meat, whose mutiny was chronicled by what director? ANSWER: Sergei Eisenstein

(5) To produce this good, a heating source called an arch is used. A precursor to this good called gorosoe is produced in towns like Hadong in South Korea. In 2012, Teriak Caron and Inouk Caron were arrested in conjunction with the heist of over 6 million pounds of this good from a warehouse in Quebec. Late winter marks sugaring season, which is the best time to harvest this good's precursor through tapping. For ten points, name this sweet foodstuff whose American production has traditionally been dominated by Vermont maple forests.

maple syrup (prompt on syrup alone before "maple" is read) Page 1 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2015-2016 Bowl Round 1

(5) One of these pieces named for Hohenfriedberg was supposedly written by Frederick the Great. These pieces often include a breakstrain in between trios. Joseph Strauss Sr. wrote one for Joseph Radetzky, and the third movement of Chopin's Piano Sonata Number 2 is a "funeral" type of this piece. Another one of these pieces contains a trio also known as "Land of Hope and Glory" and often played at graduations. For ten points, name this genre of military music that includes Edward Elgar's "Pomp and Circumstance" pieces and many works by John Philip Sousa.

marches BONUS: Elgar's "Pomp and Circumstance" March is traditionally played at the "Last Night of" this annual British concert series. It changed venues to Royal Albert Hall after Queen's Hall was bombed by the Germans. ANSWER: The (BBC) Proms (accept the Henry Wood Promenade Concerts)

(30) Carl Friedrich Gauss earned his position at G¨ottingen after using his method of least squares to compute one of these entities. A sixteenth century model for these entities placed them in a system of inscribed spheres and Platonic solids. Apollonius of Perga explained an apparent contradiction in these entities with the concept of epicycles. Isaac Newton used the inverse-square law of gravitation to explain three laws governing these trajectories. For the point, name these astronomical paths governed by Kepler's Laws.

orbits Page 6 NHBB Nationals Bee 2015-2016 Bee Round 5

(29) The Lapita people of the Solomon Islands are one of the earliest known cultures to work in this medium, using anthropomorphic geometric designs. Maria Martinez worked in this medium using matte black-on-black motifs made with slip in an art-deco style. Delft was a center of manufacture for works in this medium, particularly ones with intricate blue designs on a white tin-glaze background. Greek works in this medium were decorated with either red or black figures. For the point, name this process of decorating and firing clay to create vessels.

pottery or ceramics (accept clear equivalents)

(16) This concept exists in the forms of zulm and jawr due to the doctrine of al-Adl according to the Mu'tazilites. The senselessness of this concept is explored in the feeding of pears to pigs by St. Augustine who posited that this concept lacks an efficient cause, as it is the lack of divinity in humanity. The Council of Trent reaffirmed that these actions require pardoning. Eve's picking from the Tree of Knowledge is an example of, for the point, what religious concept, an act of human disobedience to God?

sin (or evil)

(1) Karl Goetz created a series of medals that depict this event with captions like "Business Above All" and "No Contraband." The "coal dust" theory probably does not explain the second explosion that occurred during this event. This event may have been avoided had the zig-zag maneuver been carried out, and it was predicted by a newspaper which acknowledged a state of war between two nations. For ten points, name this event in which a British passenger ship was torpedoed by a German U-Boat, prompting the U.S. to enter World War I.

sinking of the RMS Lusitania (accept equivalents) BONUS: This Cabinet member questioned President Wilson's sharp response, asking "why be so shocked by the drowning of a few people, if there is to be no objection to starving a nation?", and resigned a month after the sinking. ANSWER: William Jennings Bryan Page 2 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2015-2016 Bowl Round 2

(2) Z. Alexander Looby's house was bombed for his legal defense of participants in these events. James Lawson was expelled from Vanderbilt University for organizing these events, which led to the creation of SNCC [snick], the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee. The most famous of these demonstrations was conducted on February 1, 1960 by the Greensboro Four, and they began in Nashville, targeting drugstores like Walgreen's and Woolworth's. For ten points, name this form of peaceful protest that led to the desegregation of lunch counters.

sit ins (prompt on general answers about civil rights protests before "protest" is said)

(1) A National company in this industry was founded by Henry "Judge" Moore. Its not in the financial industry, but a man named Charles Schwab founded a company in this industry named for Bethlehem, Pennsylvania. The largest of these companies was founded by J.P. Morgan from a company once owned by a Scottish entrepreneur who wrote "The Gospel of Wealth." For ten points, name this industry whose largest company is named "U.S. [this]" and was originally formed by Andrew Carnegie.

steel industry

(2) During an October 1967 protest at this facility, George Harris placed carnations in the barrels of soldiers' guns. In 2010, Jeffrey Amos was one of two policeman shot by John Patrick Bedell at this facility's underground Metro station. The Phoenix Project helped repair this facility after Hani Hanjour and four others hijacked American Airlines Flight 77 and crashed it into this facility. For ten points, name this Arlington County, Virginia facility that houses the Department of Defense?

the Pentagon

(33) Sarah Hale was the chief advocate for making a national holiday stemming from this event. This event was prepared by Elizabeth Hopkins, Mary Brewster, and two other women who managed to survive the winter. An account of this event in Mourt's Relation states "yet by the goodness of God, we are so far from want that we often wish you partakers of our plenty." A gift of food from Massasoit led to, for the point, what 1621 event that inspired a November holiday?

the first Thanksgiving

(6) In January 2016, this action failed to occur for the 7th time in history, due to a failure to identify Little Rock, Arkansas. In 2016, a prize for this action was donated to the Cancer Research Institute after Cindy Stowell did it 6 times while suffering from Stage 4 cancer; sadly, Stowell passed away before her performances of this action aired on syndicated TV. A 2003 rule change allows one to perform this action more than five times in a row, a change that greatly benefited Ken Jennings. For the point, name this action, a triumph on a game show hosted by Alex Trebek.

winning on Jeopardy! (accept descriptions thereof; do not accept or prompt on "playing on Jeopardy" or other non-winning descriptions)

(25) The night before this event, Enrico Caruso performed at the Palace Hotel. After this event, a woman cooking breakfast accidentally started what became known as the "Ham and Eggs" Fire. Frederick Funston declared martial law in response to this event, which left insurance companies facing fees over $250 million. This event afflicted Monterey and San Jose, among other cities near the San Andreas Fault. Three thousand people died in, for the point, what 1906 disaster that rocked a northern California city?

1906 San Francisco earthquake Page 5 NHBB Nationals Bee 2016-2017 Bee Round 1

(13) In the lead-up to this event, a newspaper published a racist reinterpretation of the Ten Commandments and repeatedly called undesirables "cockroaches." Antonia Locatelli was executed for opposing this event, which was supported by propaganda from the RTML radio station. Over 1,000 people hid from this event in the Hotel des Mille Colinnes [mil koh lin]. This event was sparked by the downing of Juvenal Habyarimana's plane and was carried out by Interahamwe paramilitary groups. For the point, name this 1994 mass killing of Tutsis by Hutus in a central African country.

1994 Rwanda Genocide (prompt on partial answers; prompt on descriptive answers that use clues not yet read, like Tutsi, in place of "Rwanda")

(1) Description acceptable. A TV series inspired the name of Operation Yashima, a plan to conserve energy in the wake of this disaster. In the aftermath of this natural disaster, the new derogatory term "flyjin" was applied to fleeing foreigners. Operation Tomodachi was the American relief effort after this event, which triggered the Miyagi aftershock a month later. Nearly 16,000 people died in, for the point, what 2011 natural disaster that caused a Level 7 meltdown at a Japanese nuclear plant?

2011 Tohoku earthquake and/or tsunami (accept descriptions of the 2011 earthquake and/or tsunami that caused the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster; prompt on descriptions of 2011 earthquake and/or tsunami in Japan that don't include Tohoku or Fukushima; accept Great East Japan earthquake and/or tsunami

(14) Two answers required. One of these two people warned that a group is "determined to foment a rebellion" in a letter to the other, urging him to be "more generous and favorable to" a certain group than his ancestors were. One of these two people asks the other not to place "unlimited power into the hands of the husbands," as "all men would be tyrants if they could." The "remember the ladies" letter was one of hundreds of letters between, for the point, what married couple that moved into the newly constructed White House in November 1800?

Abigail Adams and John Adams (accept Abigail Smith for Abigail Adams; prompt on "the Adams family" or on Adams alone; prompt if only one person is named; prompt on partial answers like "Abigail Adams and her husband") Page 3 NHBB Nationals Bee 2016-2017 Bee Round 3

(11) One general at this battle yelled the word "Steel" three times to signal the commencement of his side's attack. A counterattack during this battle that resulted in the capture of Orel was codenamed Operation Kutuzov. This battle, which was temporary suspended during the rainy rasputitsa season, saw fighting at Prokhorovka. Erich von Manstein commanded the losing side of this battle, which the Germans codenamed Operation Citadel. Many T-34s were used in, for the point, what massive World War II tank battle?

Battle of Kursk (accept Operation Citadel before mentioned)

(3) In this battle, the Atago sank in Palawan Passage after a torpedo attack by the USS Darter. During this battle, the phrase "the world wonders" was added to an encrypted message to throw off codebreakers, but accidentally delivered to the American admiral; as a result of that and other miscommunications, Thomas Kinkaid's Seventh Fleet asked, but did not receive, help from Willam Halsey's Third Fleet during this battle. The first series of organized kamikaze attacks took place during, for the point, what October 1944 battle fought in the waters off Luzon, the largest naval battle of World War II?

Battle of Leyte Gulf

(26) A stone commemorating this battle asks passersby to "tell" their bretheren that "following their orders, we fell here" in a message called the Epitaph of Simonides. This battle took place near the Malian Gulf by a series of gates and a set of hot springs. The name "Ephialtes" became synonymous with traitor in Greek culture after this battle, as a man of that name betrayed a path around the defenders of this battle, allowing Xerxes to destroy Leonidas' force. For the point, name this 480 BC battle, a victory for the Persian army, in which 300 Spartans fought to the death.

Battle of Thermopylae

(25) In this city, Macon Bolling Allen and Robert Morris founded America's first black law office. Morris argued the trial of Anthony Burns in this city, which led to the formation of its Anti-Man Hunting League. Morris argued unsuccessfully against desegregated schools in Roberts v this city, which laid the foundation for the "separate but equal" doctrine. In this city, William Lloyd Garrison burned the Constitution. Thomas Preston was acquitted following the shooting of Crispus Attucks and four other colonists in, for the point, what city, home to a 1770 massacre?

Boston

(24) A defender of this city refused to surrender to rule in Mistra before noting that "[it] is fallen and I am still alive." Baldwin IX was coronated in this city one year before Kaloyan captured him. A sack of this city prompted the creations of the despotates of Morea and Epirus, as well as the Empire of Trebizond. After the siege of Zadar enriched Venice, Enrico Dandolo supported an attack on this city. A chain across the Golden Horn failed to stop Mehmed II from conquering, for the point, what capital of the Eastern Roman Empire?

Constantinople (accept Byzantium; accept Istanbul

(8) This event was investigated by a commission headed by Aaron Perry. It was brought to light when Henry McComb leaked incriminating letters to the Sun newspaper after disagreeing with Oakes Ames, who had undersold stock to Congressmen. Schuyler [skyler] Colfax was removed as Vice-President on a Republican election ticket for taking bribes during this event, in which the namesake firm overcharged the Union Pacific Railroad. For the point, name this Grant administration scandal involving an American construction company with a French-sounding name.

Cr´edit Mobilier scandal

(1) An employee of this company, Conrad Ahlers, was illegally arrested at the behest of the German consulate while vacationing in Madrid. Rudolf Augstein was the owner of this company when it conducted research into the preparedness of military forces during a NATO exercise. Information gathered by this company exposed the Flick Scandal. Franz Josef Strauss jailed several employees of this company in a scandal that rocked Konrad Adenauer's government in 1962. For the point, name this German weekly news magazine.

Der Spiegel

(2) In a book written during the reign of this monarch, Lucilla decides to pretend to be in love with two best friends, Philautus and the title Euphues [yoo fyoo eez]. This monarch was in power for most of writer John Lyly's career. In another book written during the reign of this monarch, Archimago conjures a dream to plant the idea of Una's infidelity in the Redcrosse Knight's mind. For the point, name this monarch who is represented by Gloriana in Edmund Spenser's The Faerie Queene

Eliz beth (prompt on Elizabeth)

(29) In an effort to maximize revenue, land in this kingdom was restricted from being given to the Church by the Statute of Mortmain. A period of civil war in this country known as the Anarchy ended with the conflict between Stephen and Empress Matilda and led to the reign of Henry II. It lost its territories of Anjou and Maine after the Battle of Bouvines [boo veen]. This kingdom defeated Llewelyn the Last and William Wallace under the command of Edward Longshanks. For the point, name this kingdom ruled by Plantanagets like Richard the Lionheart.

England (accept the Angevin Empire, do not accept or prompt on Great Britain or the United Kingdom)

(17) This man lived with a bullet between his ribs for the rest of his life after a failed assassination attempt by Emile Cottin. This man's links to Cornelius Herz may have cost him re-election when the Panama scandal broke, and while he was in office, he constantly feuded with Raymond Poincar´e. During the Dreyfus affair, this man published Emile Zola's J'Accuse letter on the front of his newspaper, L'Aurore For the point, name this "Tiger," a French premier who attended the Paris Peace Conference after World War I.

Georges Clemenceau

(10) During a meeting in this city, Vito Genovese was beaten by a man who was then deported to Italy when the American authorities learned he was in the Western Hemisphere. This city was occupied by revolutionary forces in 1958 in the wake of the Battle of Santa Clara. The fortresses of La Cabana and Morro Castle guard the harbor to this city, whose Hotel Nacional was the site of a 1946 meeting of mob bosses honoring Lucky Luciano. This city was a nightlife destination in the 1950s until a US embargo began in 1960. For the point, name this capital of Cuba.

Havana

(24) One king of this name was dominated by powerful ministers like William de la Pole and the Duke of Gloucester [GLOSS ter] due to his mental instability; that husband of Margaret of Anjou lost his throne after the Battle of Tewkesbury. Another king of this name ordered the deaths of Lambert Simnel and Perkin Warbeck, two pretenders to his throne; that king of this name won his throne after winning the Battle of Bosworth Field against Richard III. For the point, give this name of the English kings whose reigns began and ended the Wars of the Roses.

Henry (accept Henry VI and/or Henry VII Page 5 NHBB Nationals Bee 2016-2017 Bee Round 2

(31) Use of this system was detected by planted ACOUSID devices during the Igloo White program. During Operation Popeye, clouds were seeded in an attempt to increase the length of the rainy season and prevent the use of this system, whose expansion prompted a series of B-52 Stratofortress bombings during Operation Barrel Roll. 81,000 tons of supplies were shipped down the Kong River portion of this trail in order to sustain the Tet Offensive. For the point, name this trail through Cambodia and Laos used to supply the Viet Cong and named for a communist leader.

Ho Chi Minh Trail (or Truong Son trail)

(32) Potential sites for this location were outlined in the Fall-Davis Report. Many architectural designs at this location were overseen by Gordon Kaufmann. Frank Crowe was the leader of a construction project at this location that was undertaken by a collective called the Six Companies. The name of this location was protested at its dedication by Harold Ickes, as he preferred a name referencing the nearby Boulder Canyon. For the point, name this hydroelectric plant completed in 1936 along the Colorado River.

Hoover Dam (accept Boulder Dam before read)

(18) This composer set a W.H. Auden text consisting of four haikus in his Elegy for J.F.K., and wrote a neoclassical piece in E-flat major titled for a Washington, D.C. estate that also hosted a 1944 conference that helped create the UN. This composer of the Dumbarton Oaks Concerto wrote a ballet featuring an "Infernal Dance" in which Prince Ivan destroys a magical egg that contains the soul of Kashchei the Immortal. For the point, name this composer who collaborated with Serge Diaghilev's Ballet Russes [roose] on The Firebird

Igor Stravinsky

(27) In March 2017, Ashley Feinberg of Gizmodo tracked down what is probably this man's Twitter account, @projectexile7 ["at project exile 7"], after this man told an audience at an I.N.S.A. dinner that he "[cared] deeply about privacy." In a 2016 letter, this man described apparently "pertinent" information that arose from an "unrelated" case involving Anthony Weiner; Nate Silver argued that that letter swung the outcome of the 2016 presidential election. For the point, name this man who oversaw the investigation into Hillary Clinton's e-mails as the current Director of the FBI.

James Comey

(2) This man argued that governments should provide food if they expected citizens to obey laws in his Plan of Criminal Legislation. This man, who was brought before the Revolutionary Tribunal for inciting violence against the Girondins, noted that "five or six hundred heads cut off would have assured [...] freedom and happiness" in his newspaper Friend of the People. This advocate for the sans-culottes was stabbed by Charlotte Corday and died in his bathtub in 1793. For the point, name this radical journalist of the French Revolution whose death is depicted in a Jacques-Louis David painting

Jean-Paul Marat (accept Death of Marat

(33) The end of a poem about this person claims that "Every killing for him is delight" and that he has a wide, Ossetian torso. That poem, in which his "thick fingers are bulky and fat like live-baits," is titled his "Epigram." This man is represented by "Number One" in Arthur Koestler's Darkness at Noon while another character who represents this historical figure leads a movement to walk on two legs instead of four. For the point, name this leader who is represented by Napoleon in Animal Farm, a ruler of the Soviet Union.

Joseph Stalin

(19) One of these objects was responsible for the destruction of the Swedish Hugin craft during the Catalina Affair. A reward of 100,000 dollars was offered for one of these objects by the American government during Operation Moolah. One of these objects was delivered to Western authorities when defector No Kum-Sok landed at Kimpo airfield; Chuck Yeager later flew this airplane, making him one of the few Americans to do so. At the mouth of the Yellow Sea, these swept-wing aircraft battled F-86 Sabres in a namesake "alley." North Korea heavily relied on, for the point, what class of Soviet fighter jet?

MiG-15 (prompt on jet and/or airplane before either is mentioned)

(21) This leader canceled the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah after the allied Banu Khuza'a people were attacked. Even though this man appointed his successor at the pond of Khumm, this man's death prompted the Ridda Wars. In one battle, Salman Farsi advised this man to dig a trench to prevent the Quraysh tribe from capturing Medina. This winner of the Battle of Badr conquered Mecca, his birth city, in 630, two years before his farewell hajj. For the point, name this prophet of Islam.

Muhammad

(22) Giovani Tolosani attempted to refute this scientist's theory by saying he developed it and looking for evidence later. An abstract containing this scientist's theory was published by his student Georg Rheticus in Narratio Prima. To avoid controversy, this thinker claimed that his theory was meant only to aid in mathematical calculations and was not necessarily true. This astronomer waited until just before his death to allow the publication of On the Revolutions of the Celestial Spheres. For the point, name this Polish astronomer who advanced a heliocentric model of the solar system.

Nicolaus Copernicus

(26) To support an invasion of this region, underwater pipeline was laid in Operation Pluto and deception measures were taken in Operations Quicksilver and Fortitude South. Allied soldiers were often unable to maneuver due to hedgerows in this region. This region was considered an unlikely target because the Pas-de-Calais was closer. Artificial harbors called mulberries were used on Omaha and Gold Beaches in the invasion of, for the point, what French region invaded by the Allies in Operation Overlord on D-Day?

Normandy (prompt on (Northern) France)

(34) In 2012, players of this game requested a game official who spoke Mandarin Chinese and won $9.6 million from the Borgata by edge-sorting; in 2016, a New Jersey district judge ruled that money had to be paid back by poker professional Phil Ivey. This game originated as chemin de fer in France and, in the original Ian Fleming novels, is the casino game preferred by James Bond. In this game, face cards are worth zero and a score of 9 is the highest hand value. For the point, name this card game between player and banker, currently the dominant form of gambling in casinos in Macau.

North American baccarat (accept punto banco; do not accept or prompt on chemin de fer or baccarat banque) Page 7 NHBB Nationals Bee 2016-2017 Bee Round 2

(6) One side of this war created defensive formations known as the Lines of Torres Vedras after the Battle of Talavera. This conflict led to the creation of regional administrations called juntas that were eventually replaced by the C´adiz Cortes. During this war, defeats at Vitoria and Salamanca undermined the rule of Joseph Bonaparte, who fought against an allied force led by the Duke of Wellington. For the point, name this part of the Napoleonic Wars fought over Iberian territory.

Peninsular War (prompt on Napoleonic War(s))

(27) Protesters during Loyalty Day demanded the release of a person with this last name who, ten years later, was attacked during the Bombing of Plaza de Mayo. Another person with this last name went on the diplomatic Rainbow Tour. Followers of a political family with this last name were known as the descamisados. One person with this last name was titled the "Spiritual Leader of the Nation" before dying of cancer in 1952. For the point, name this last name of Juan and Eva, who once were the ruling couple of Argentina.

Per´on (accept Juan and/or Eva Per´on; accept Evita Per´on

(13) This ruler never repaid a series of loans to Poland known as the Neapolitan Sums. During his reign, a group of Muslim converts called the Moriscos revolted during the War of the Alpujarras. Pope Sixtus V encouraged this man to send his navy, under the command of the Duke of Medina Sidonia, into an invasion where it was targeted by fireships during the Battle of Gravelines [grav uh leen]. For the point, name this husband of Bloody Mary, a king who ordered the Spanish Armada to attack England.

Philip II of Spain

(13) A plaque on the Sedgeford Hall Portrait falsely claims that the painting depicts this woman. Linwood Custalow claims that this woman was assaulted during her stay in Henricus. The Virginia Racial Integrity Act had an "Exception" named for this woman that prevented a certain group from being subject to anti-miscegenation laws. Tomocomo accompanied this woman on a 1616 trip to Europe with her husband, John Rolfe. For the point, name this daughter of Powhatan, a Native American woman who befriended the settlers at Jamestown.

Poc hontas (accept Matoaka; accept Amonute; accept Rebecca Rolfe before Rolfe is said; prompt on Rebecca alone beforeRolfe is said, and Rebecca alone at that point)

(18) This man contacted president Fernando de la Rua, urging him not to arrest peaceful protestors during riots in December 2001. In November 2015, this man released the multilingual rock album Wake Up! In December 2015, this man and Patriarch Kirill issued the Havana declaration, calling for the end of religious persecution in the Middle East. This man canonized two of his predecessors, John XXIII [23] and John Paul II, and his immediate predecessor, Benedict XVI [16], resigned. For the point, name this current head of the Roman Catholic Church.

Pope Francis (or Jorge Bergoglio

(7) In 1982, Air Florida Flight 90 crashed into a bridge spanning this river, and another bridge crossing it at Point-of-Rocks was destroyed in a 1936 flood. One tributary of this waterway meets this river at Buzzard Point and is crossed by the 11th Street Bridges, near which the Bonus Army set up camp in 1932. A man-made Tidal Basin adjacent to this river is the site of the National Cherry Blossom Festival and the Jefferson Memorial. The Anacostia and Shenandoah Rivers flow into, for the point, what river that runs past Washington, D.C.?

Potomac River

(30) A member of this movement, Johannes Bugenhagen, was called Doctor Pomeranus and crowned Christian III. The Count's Feud spread this movement in Denmark. Members of this movement condemned the execution of Michael Servetus. A leader of this movement wrote the Institute in Basel and passed the Ordinances of 1541 to make the city of Geneva a center of this movement. John Calvin was a member of, for the point, what movement that rejected the Catholic Church in Renaissance Europe?

Protestant Reformation (accept anything related to the spread of Protestantism in Europe)

(35) This empire adopted a border defense force called the limantei. Auxiliary forces in this empire were grouped into alae [al ee] and recruited from regional allies called socii [soke ee ee]. Its cavalry traditionally drew from the equites [ek wee tays] class and it separated its heavy infantry into hastati principes [prin key pays], and triarii. Later fighting forces of this empire were comprised of ten cohorts and carried an eagle standard. For the point, name this ancient empire whose basic fighting unit, called a legion, defended the Italian peninsula.

Rome (accept more specific answers like Roman Empire or Roman Republic

(27) These people were given ruinous forty-nine-year loans in order to allow them to purchase land. The Sudebnik of 1497 declared that these people were allowed to change allegiance during St. George's Day. These people either performed labor called barshchina or paid a rent called obrok. The freedom of these people and the Cossacks were the subject of Pugachev's Rebellion. For the point, name these poor Russian peasants who were bound to their land.

Russian serfs (or krepostnoi krestyanin; prompt on (Russian) peasants; do not accept or prompt on slaves)

(19) This state faced a rebellion by the Hotak Dynasty after its governor, Gurgin Khan, was assassinated. This state lost the Battle of Chaldiran, starting a long series of wars with its western neighbor. This state began after the defeat of the White Sheep by a man who commanded the Qizilbash warriors; that leader proclaimed his rule when he entered Tabriz. Another ruler of this empire moved its capital to Esfahan and recovered parts of Mesopotamia from the Ottoman Empire. For the point, name this Shi'a state ruled by leaders like Ismail and Abbas in Persia.

Safavid Empire (prompt on Persia before mentioned) Page 4 NHBB Nationals Bee 2016-2017 Bee Round 2

(24) Henry Raymond defended this business with a homemade Gatling gun during a draft riot. This company's display of the "Heed Their Rising Voices" advertisement sparked a court case that established the actual malice standard for libel. Along with the Washington Post, this company was targeted by the Nixon administration for publishing the Pentagon Papers, and it had earlier won a lawsuit brought against it by L.B. Sullivan. For the point, name this "Gray Lady," a newspaper whose motto is "All the News That's Fit to Print" and is published in Manhattan.

The New York Times (or NYT; prompt on Gray Lady before mentioned) Page 5 NHBB Nationals Bee 2016-2017 Bee Round 3

(12) Rights established in this treaty's Article 9 were affirmed by a three-amendment protocol signed by Nathan Clifford and others. A reporter for the New York Herald named John Nugent was questioned by the Senate after he attained a leaked copy of this treaty. This treaty, which was negotiated by Nicholas Trist, forced one side to pay 15 million dollars for over 500,000 square miles of land, extending that side's southern border to the Rio Grande. For the point, name this 1848 treaty that ended the Mexican-American War.

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (accept Treaty of Peace, Friendship, Limits, and Settlement between the United States and the Republic of Mexico

(28) R´omulo Gallegos was president of this country for nine months before being ousted by a coup in 1948, which put Marcos Jim´enez in power for ten years. Francisco de Miranda failed to earn the independence of this country, which was later won at the Battle of Carabobo. Shortages of common goods in this country have resulted in a black market for toilet paper. This country's wealth is primarily due to oil from its Lake Maracaibo. For the point, name this South American country, once led by Hugo Chavez from Caracas.

Venezuela

(9) John Gibson replaced this man as governor of a territory where, in 1801, he founded what is now Vincennes University, making this man and Jefferson the only US Presidents to found a college. In response to a derisive Democratic newspaper article that claimed this man would be content with a "pension of two thousand dollars a year" and a "barrel of hard cider," this man ran a "Log Cabin" campaign in 1840. For the point, name this Whig politician and war hero who served as the ninth president of the US for a month before being succeeded by John Tyler.

William Henry Harrison (prompt on Harrison Page 2 NHBB Nationals Bee 2016-2017 Bee Round 2

(21) Though this man refused to agree to Markham's Charter, he later allowed the 1701 Charter of Privileges to serve as the legal framework for his territory. This man labeled all Puritans as "hypocrites and revelers in God" in his tract Truth Exalted, which led to his jailing in the Tower of London. In an event depicted by a Benjamin West painting, this man expanded his holdings by signing treaties with the Lenape tribe after he was given a colony by Charles II. For the point, name this man who founded a haven for Quakers after purchasing a colony home to Philadelphia.

William Penn

(11) After hanging around a woman's dormitory, the planner of this event realized that he was "the topic of more than a little conversation." Tim McCarthy was injured in this event, whose perpetrator was inspired by the character of Travis Bickle from Taxi Driver. This event prompted the incorrect declaration "I am in control here" from Secretary of State Alexander Haig. For the point, name this alleged attempt to impress Jodie Foster, a 1981 attack by John Hinckley Jr. on the U.S. President.

attempted assassination of Ronald Wilson Reagan (accept attack on Reagan or similar phrasings that don't imply Reagan died; do not accept or prompt on "assassination of Reagan," because he didn't die)

(23) This instrument is paired with viola and piano in the Kegelstatt Trio. This instrument has a solo in the "Abyss of the Birds" movement of a piece composed in the Stalag VIII-A POW camp by Olivier Messiaen, Quartet For The End Of Time. A concerto for this instrument, related to the basset horn, was written for an instrument with an extended lower range and was premiered by Anton Stadler. Mozart wrote an A major concerto for, for the point, what single-reed woodwind instrument that plays a glissando at the opening of Rhapsody in Blue

clarinet

(5) Nineteen of these vessels, including the Sylph, were used by the firm Jardine, Matheson & Company. Hercules Linton was hired to construct one of the few surviving examples of these vessels for John Willis. Donald Kay was known for building several of these specific vessels, whose use declined after the Panic of 1857. The Cutty Sark is an example of one of these made via composite construction. The Sovereign of the Seas was one of these that set a record by reaching 22 knots. The growing tea trade spurred construction of, for the point, what 19th century ships, the fastest class of sailing ships?

clippers (prompt on (sailing) ships or similar answers) Page 1 NHBB Nationals Bee 2016-2017 Bee Round 3

(4) Note: two answers required. C.S. Lewis' The Abolition of Man warns against debunking an objective theory of these two concepts, stating that they are fundamental to the idea of education. Spinoza describes the knowledge of these two concepts as "nothing else but the emotions of pleasure or pain." An 1886 work by Friedrich Nietzsche claims to be a "Prelude to a Philosophy of the Future" by going Beyond these two concepts. Ethicists study the nature of, for the point, what opposing philosophical concepts, commonly personified in literature and art as angels and demons?

good and evil (accept word forms; accept reasonable equivalents, such as right and wrong accept Beyond Good and Evil after "1886" is read) Page 1 NHBB Nationals Bee 2016-2017 Bee Round 2

(8) In an incident named for this substance, Lord Dunmore ordered its removal from the Magdalen sparking a riot that was calmed by a Peyton Randolph speech. Under the orders of Thomas Gage, David Phips seized some of this substance from a Massachusetts storehouse, sparking a 1774 alarm. The DuPont company began as a manufacturer of this substance, demand for which required the extraction of saltpeter. For the point, name this substance that is ignited by cannons and muskets.

gunpowder (accept Gunpowder Incident; accept Gunpowder Alarm)

(7) At age 12, this figure led an informant group called the Monkey Brigade. This figure's government charged George Fernandes with attempting to blow up government buildings in the Baroda Dynamite Case. This politician used a slogan translating to "Abolish poverty, rescue the country." Pokhran-I [poke ran "one"] was a successful nuclear test under this leader, who was assassinated in retaliation for Operation Blue Star by her Sikh bodyguards. For the point, name this first female Prime Minister of India.

ndira Priyadarshini Gandhi (prompt on Gandhi alone)

(6) Dysfunctions in this trait can be measured on the KON-2006 scale. Hans Eysenck's EPQ test was used to determine this trait, as well as how often test-takers lied during the test. In the second century, Galen used a theory of the "four humours" to explain human differences in this quality. The MMPI and Rorschach tests are self-report and projective tests for, for the point, what concept that describes a person's patterns of thought and behavior, and which can come in Type A and Type B forms?

personality

(25) In a sculpture by Barnett Newman, one of these structures supports a broken obelisk. The tomb of Gaius Cestius is shaped like one of these structures and located in Rome. A complex of these structures at Dashur includes atypical brick ones, as well as "bent" ones built from stone. The most famous examples of these structures were originally covered with reflective white limestone that only survives at the top of one of them, intended for Khafre. For the point, name these geometric structures used to house the tombs of Menkaure and Khufu.

pyramid

(21) This event is the subject of the memoir The Passing of the Armies, which was derided by historian William Marvel as a self-promoting legend. One participant at this event allegedly remarked to a Seneca adjutant that "it is good to have one real American here." After a cannonball struck his old house, Wilmer McLean relocated, only to have his new home serve as the location of this event. This event's terms, which guaranteed no prosecutions for treason, were put forth by Ulysses S. Grant. For the point, name this 1865 event that ended the Civil War.

surrender at Appomattox Court House (or Robert E. Lee's surrender; accept any additional correct information; prompt on descriptions of the Confederates surrendering, or "(the end of) the Civil War" before said at the end)

(65) After this man fled to Italy, Eamon de Valera invited him to lead an Institute of Advanced Study ´ in Dublin, Ireland. This scientist discussed the idea of an "aperiodic crystal" that could carry genetic information and provide a link between physics, biology, and chemistry in his work What is Life?. This physicist's namesake equation can be used to study the time evolution of a system's wave function. For the point, name this Austrian physicist who developed a thought experiment involving radioactive decay, a vial of poison, and a helpless cat.

Erwin Schr¨odinger Page 13 NHBB A-Set Bee 2016-2017 Bee Final Round

(7) This work begins with a discussion of mbari, muhiriga, and riika, or family, clan and age group. This work discusses its subject's system of land tenure and discusses the Wakamba and Maasai in addition to its subject. This essay collection, which describes its author's ethnicity's contact with colonialism, was written for an anthropology seminar taught by Bronislaw Malinowski, who wrote its preface. For ten points, name this book by Jomo Kenyatta about his native country's Kikuyu people.

Facing Mount Kenya

(35) The completion of this effort was marked by a nationwide message that simply said "DONE." Asa Whitney and Theodore Judah were major advocates for this project, which was funded by the "Big Four," including Leland Stanford. This project, which allowed for the creation of the popular "Overland Route," relied heavily upon Chinese labor. For the point, name this project that was completed at Utah's Promontory Point with a golden spike.

First Transcontinental Railroad Extra Question Only read if moderator botches a question.

(1) The first member of this group forbade gold and silver statues to be made of him; that man's authority diminished when Casparius Aelianus demanded that he hand over the murderers of his predecessor. Edward Gibbon stated that this group's rule was "the most (+) happy and prosperous" period in world history. This group's name was coined by Niccolo Machiavelli, who suggested that this group was successful because they were all (*) adopted and did not inherit their position. For ten points, name this group of Roman rulers whose rule from 96 to 180 CE was marked by peace and prosperity.

Five Good Emperors (prompt on Nerva-Antonine dynasty)

(26) This man once quipped "Fame never yet found a man who waited to be found," a quote that appears in his memoir War As I Knew It. This man designed a cavalry sword that transitioned American horsemen from slashing attacks to thrusting attacks. He drew the ire of his fellow officers for killing two mules after his forces captured Messina during the Allied invasion of Sicily. This commander of the American Third Army was killed in a 1945 car crash. For the point, name this American general, nicknamed "Blood and Guts."

George S. Patton Page 5 NHBB Nationals Bee 2016-2017 Bee Round 6

(6) According to legend, this island's first settlement was at Anakena. This island's first European visitor was Jacob Roggeveen in 1722, and its natives developed the still-undeciphered rongorongo script. Jared Diamond argued this island's society collapsed due to deforestation. Natives here used tuff to carve figures that were all toppled from their ahu platforms between European contact and 1868. Chile now controls, for the point, what Pacific island whose Rapa Nui people built giant stone heads known as moai?

Easter Island (accept Rapa Nui before mentioned)

(1) A Punch cartoon shows an organ grinder with the name of this location being shooed away from John Bull's house. An expedition bound for this location dismantled the steamer Faidherbe and dragged its boiler through miles of (+) jungles and deserts. Christian de Bonchamps aborted his expedition to this location, where Jean-Baptiste (*) Marchand and Herbert Kitchener peacefully agreed to let their foreign ministers settle a boundary dispute near the White Nile. For ten points, name this site of an 1898 incident between the British and the French in Africa.

Fashoda (accept Fashoda Incident, Crisis, etc.; prompt on Sudan after "steamer" is read)

(11) Early in his career, this man's oration prompted a riot in Pendleton, Indiana in which he permanently maimed his hand. Hugh Auld collected this man's wages during his time as a caulker in Baltimore. This frequent collaborator with Gerrit Smith ran with Victoria Woodhull on the Equal Rights Party presidential ticket in 1872. This supporter of the Seneca Falls Convention published three autobiographies, including My Bondage and My Freedom. For the point, name this founder of the newspaper The North Star, a former slave turned abolitionist.

Frederick Douglass

(8) Norman Bailey described form of torture during this period that involved cutting up en mies into small morsels. A meeting between two leaders in Benidorm inspired 12 year power sharing agreement in this period called the Declaration of (+) Sitges. In the aftermath of this event, Operation Marquetalia ousted a Communist government. Laureano G´omez led during this period, in which a series of protests called the (*) Bogotazo occurred after the killing of president Jorge Eli´ecer Gaitan. For ten points, name this period of chaos in 1940s and 1950s Colombia.

La Vi lencia (or the Vi lence; prompt on descriptions of general unrest and chaos in Colombia before "Colombia" is read) Page 11 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2016-2017 Bowl Playoff Packet 6

(10) Fort Blunder was accidentally built along the shore of this body of water, but in the wrong country. A battle on this body of water resulted in the loss of the Spitfire and took place near Valcour Island. Thomas MacDonough repelled the British from this lake in 1814. Its Fort Crown Point was used as the staging ground for Benedict Arnold and Ethan Allen's Green Mountain Boys to attack another stronghold here. The city of Plattsburgh and Fort Ticonderoga lie on the shores of, for the point, what large lake on the border of New York and Vermont?

Lake Champlain Page 2 NHBB Nationals Bee 2016-2017 Bee Round 1

(22) This man's rise to power was predicted by his rival in a National Day speech that dubbed 1965 "the year of living dangerously." This man disbanded his Aspri advisor group after the Malari incident, in which a visit from Japanese Prime Minister Tanaka prompted student riots. He was propelled to power by the 30 September Movement, marking the end of "Guided Democracy" and the beginning of the "New Order" period. For the point, name this second Indonesian president, the successor of Sukarno.

Suharto

(30) Victor Persigny fired Jean-Jacques Berger for his lack of progress in this event, and replaced him with the prefect of Bordeaux. The P´ereire brothers created the Cr´edit Mobilier to finance this event, during which the glass and iron pavillions of Les Halles were constructed. This project, whose main directive was to (+) "aerate, unify, and embellish," was partly inspired by one man's admiration for Hyde Park,. During it, many streets on the ˆIle-de-Cit´e were (*) obliterated by the Prefect of the Seine, who tried to style himself a Baron. For the point, name this project driven by Napol´eon III's desire to modernize his capital city.

Georges-Eug`ene "Baron" Haussman's renovation of Paris (accept descriptions; prompt on partial answers; accept Napol´eon III's renovation of Paris) Page 7 NHBB Nationals Bee 2015-2016 Bee Playoff Round 2

(3) One side in this war demanded the abolition of the Todfall inheritance tax as part of their Twelve Articles. Florian Geyer led the Black Company during this war. The (+) landsknecht mercenaries of Philip of Hesse won the Battle of Frankenhausen during this war, a major victory for the (*) Swabian League. One side in this war was led by Thomas M¨untzer and were described by Martin Luther as "murderous and thieving hordes." For the points, name this revolt by the lower classes in sixteenth century Germany.

German Peasants' War (accept Bauernkrieg; accept equivalents for war, including revolt; prompt on Peasants' War alone until "Germany" is read, and accept it after)

(19) In a skirmish fought near this body of water, American forces liberated the Adams and the Caledonia Tensions arose between the U.S. and Great Britain when America deployed the Michigan on this body of water, violating standards established by the Rush-Bagot Treaty. Robert Barclay lost a battle fought in this body of water's inlet of Put-in-Bay; the winning commander of that battle declared "We have met the enemy and they are ours." For the point, name this body of water that names a victory for Oliver Hazard Perry in the War of 1812.

Lake Erie (accept Battle of Lake Erie Page 4 NHBB Nationals Bee 2016-2017 Bee Round 3

(7) During this man's rule, his country sent an expeditionary force that was mocked as "cannon fodder for the Americans" by Radio Auriverde. This man originally supported the Integralist movement, but cracked down on it after declaring a dictatorship. The system of "coffee with milk" politics was ended by this man's rise to power. The Cohen Plan was a non-existent communist plot to overthrow this man's government, leading him to create an Estado Novo. For ten points, name this 20th century Brazilian dictator.

Getulio Vargas BONUS: Name either state represented by "milk" or "coffee" during the caf´e com leite period. ANSWER: Minas Gerais OR Sao Paolo (it doesn't matter for the question, but Minas Gerais is milk and Sao Paolo is coffee)

(54) A century-old argument made in this case by Attorney General William Wirt was finally settled by 1964's Sears v. Stiffel, which questioned whether patent law was sufficient to resolve its question. Daniel Webster argued for the winning side in this case, which included "navigation" as part of Congress's powers under the Commerce Clause. A steamboat license granted to Robert Fulton in New York was challenged in this case, whose majority opinion was written by John Marshall. For the point, name this 1824 case which expanded Congress's power to regulate interstate commerce.

Gibbons v. Ogden (accept either, and accept both in either order)

(15) The Battle of Cape Spartel was fought off of this location when Luis de Cordova intercepted the fleet of Richard Howe. The Duc de Crillon unsuccessfully tried to capture this location, whose "King's Bastion" managed to withstand a "Grand Assault" during the American Revolutionary War. Spain gave up Minorca and this territory following the Treaty of Utrecht, and it is home to a mountain once considered the northern "Pillar of Hercules." For the point, name this British possession found on the southern tip of the Iberian peninsula.

Gibraltar

(6) This complex houses the "throne of the immortal one," or Akal Takht. Massa Ranghar profaned this structure by performing acts of gluttony and debauchery in it. Reginald Dyer commanded troops that committed a massacre near this structure in the Jallianwalla Bagh garden. This structure is located in a lake whose waters are known as the "pool of ambrosial nectar." In 1984, two bodyguards disgruntled over the fact that this complex was targeted in Operation Blue Star assassinated Indira Gandhi. For ten points, name this gurdwara in Amritsar, the holiest site in Sikhism.

Golden Temple of Amritsar (or Harmandir Sahib; accept Darbar Sahib) BONUS: The Golden Temple contains what original text written by Guru Arjan, which is regarded by Sikhs to be both the Sikh holy book and the last and everlasting guru? ANSWER: Adi Granth (or Sri Guru Granth Sahib) Page 4 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2015-2016 Bowl Round 6

(7) In response to being called an Uncle Tom for her role in this film, one actress said "I'd rather make 700 dollars a week playing a maid, than seven dollars being one." This film's premiere was hosted by Mayor William Hartsfield, though local laws prevented (+) Hattie McDaniel, who became the first African-American Oscar winner for her role in this film, from attending. Melanie Hamilton was played by Olivia de Havilland, one of the few (*) surviving cast members from this film. The inflation-adjusted highest grossing film of all time is, for ten points, what 1939 film starring Vivien Leigh and Clark Gable as Scarlett O'Hara and Rhett Butler, which was based on a Margaret Mitchell novel?

Gone With the Wind

(1) This event proved difficult to stop once the Cornhill Tower was cut off. Attempts to mit gate this event were described by John Evelyn. Lord Mayor Thomas Bloodworth was (+) lambasted for his slow response to this event, which began at the bakery of Thomas Farriner on Pudding Lane, as described by the diary of Samuel Pepys [peeps]. St. Paul's (*) Cathedral was destroyed in this event, so Christopher Wren was commissioned to redesign it and much of the city. For ten points, name this 1666 event that devastated England's capital.

Great Fire of London BONUS: What fourth largest island in the world was once a planned Nazi relocation site for Europe's Jews? ANSWER: Madagascar

(39) This dynasty suffered the tyranny of Dong Zhuo, who was opposed by the Guangdong Coalition. Sima Qian served as a court astrologer during this dynasty, whose history he recorded to finish his massive (+) Records of the Grand Historian. This dynasty survived a peasant uprising that is depicted in (*) Romance of the Three Kingdoms; that uprising was led by Zhang Jue and his brothers and was named for the yellow turbans worn by the rebels. For the point, name this Chinese dynasty that ruled in 1 AD and names the majority ethnic group of China.

Han Dynasty

(5) This man rose to prominence as a subordinate of John Jervis at the Battle of Cape St. Vincent. This man's forces intercepted Pierre-Charles Villeneuve after they left Cadiz. This man, who lost an arm while leading an attack on Copenhagen, ordered that the message "England expects that every man will do his duty" be sent aboard his flagship, the HMS Victory. For ten points, name this British admiral who won the Battle of Trafalgar.

Horatio Nelson Page 1 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2016-2017 Bowl Round 2

(3) A character created by this author has the Cyrillic letter Sha carved onto the back of his hand by an enemy so that he can be recognized in the future. An industrialist uses barrels of toxin to kill a beautiful fish in this author's story "The Hildebrand Rarity." During World War II, this writer led the establishment of the 30 Assault Unit and the T-Force; he also oversaw British intelligence operations in Spain, which was nicknamed Operation Goldeneye. For ten points, name this author whose novel Casino Royale debuted the character of James Bond.

Ian Fleming

(4) This man ended revolt of the Mutayr and Ajman tribes after victory at the Battle of Sabilla. This man negotiated with Captain William Shakespear and was finally recognized after signing the Treaty of Darin with the British. This man allowed Standard (+) Oil to utilize his country's petroleum, which had been discovered in Damman in 1938. This man's ascension began after defeating the rival Rashid family in the reconquest of (*) Riyadh. Six of this man's 45 sons eventually ruled, including Faisal, Khalid, and the current king Salman. For ten points, name this first monarch and founder of Saudi Arabia.

Ibn Saud (or Abdulaziz; accept Abdulaziz ibn Abdul Rahman ibn Faisal ibn Turki ibn Abdullah ibn Muhammad Al Saud Page 10 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2016-2017 Bowl Playoff Packet 8

(37) One year before this conflict, the king of the victorious side dreamed that a woman from the south carrying a sheaf of rice burned his palace down. Before dying in this conflict, a commander famously replied that "it is (+) easy to die but difficult to open up the way." Peasants of one side of this conflict fought as a "righteous army" to defend Jeolla Province. A naval victory at (*) Hansan Island, won by Admiral Yi Sun-sin's turtle ships, turned the tide of this conflict. The death of Toyotomi Hideyoshi ended, for the points, what conflict at the end of the 16th century between Japan and the Joseon and Ming dynasties?

Imjin War (accept Imjin Wae-ran; accept descriptions of Japanese invasions of Korea of 1592-98 before "Japan" is read)

(8) The philosopher Christine Korsgaard is best known for her reinvigoration of this man's thoughts. This man used a "transcendental method" to avoid many common problems of metaphysics. This philosopher first elucidated the theory of democratic peace based upon his belief that a kingdom of ends represented the highest ideal of human society. The distinctions between analytic and synthetic propositions, as well as a priori and a posteriori propositions, were first developed by this German idealist. For the point, name this 18th-century moral philosopher and author of Critique of Pure Reason

Immanuel Kant

(30) This group's leader Papequanaehen led it during the Esopus Wars. David Williamson killed 96 Christian members of this group in the Gnadenhutten Massacre. Tamanend, another member of this tribe, entered into an agreement immortalized in a painting by (+) Benjamin West. A 1626 letter by Pieter Schage doesn't mention this tribe by name, but notes that 60 guilders were paid in a transaction that this tribe carried out with Peter (*) Minuit. Manhattan Island was sold by, for the point, what native tribe of Delaware that signed a treaty with William Penn, allowing him to create the Pennsylvania colony?

Lenni Lenape tribe (accept Delaware before mentioned; accept Esopus before mentioned; prompt on Algonquin; do not accept or prompt on Iroquois) Page 7 NHBB Nationals Bee 2015-2016 Bee Final Round

(6) While on the run, this man used the name Fritz Ullmann before eventually returning to his birth name. One prisoner stated this man "was capable of being so kind to the children" yet "tomorrow or in a half-hour" he would send them to the crematoria. This man combated a typhus outbreak by killing an entire barracks and then having it sterilized. In one role, this man killed numerous people with heterochromia, so that their eyes could be extracted. For ten points, name this Nazi doctor whose horrific experiments at Auschwitz earned him the nickname Angel of Death.

Josef Mengele (accept Jose Mengele) BONUS: Mengele attempted to prove his thoughts on superior heredity by experimenting on this type of person; those experiments included chloroform injections to the heart. ANSWER: identical twins (prompt on siblings; prompt on brothers; prompt on sisters) Page 4 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2015-2016 Bowl Round 9

(54) Two answers required. One of these men used the island prison of Goli Otok to incarcerate supporters of the other. After another assassin sent by one of these men to kill the other was apprehended, that man wrote to the other, "If you don't stop sending (+) killers, I'll send one...and I won't have to send another." Otto Skorzeny attempted to kill these two men in separate, unrelated attempts called Operation Knight's Move and Operation Long Jump. One of these leaders founded the (*) Non-Aligned Movement after a dispute with the other led to his country's expulsion from the Cominform. For the point, name these two leaders who split after World War II, the leaders of Yugoslavia and the Soviet Union.

Josip Broz Tito and Joseph Stalin (accept Josip Broz for Tito; accept Joseph Jugashvili for Stalin)

(5) This man suppressed a rebellion by John Okello by slaughtering thousands of Arabs. Though this man stepped down as president in 1985, he served as president of his political party, the Chama Cha (+) Mapinduzi, for five additional years. After an invasion of his country's Kagera region, this man overthrew a neighboring dictator. Operation Vijiji helped carry out this man's villagization plan based on an ideology called (*) ujamaa. This man advocated socialism and Pan-Africanism in his Arusha Declaration and oversaw the union of Zanzibar and Tanganyika. For ten points, name this first president of an independent Tanzania.

Julius Nyerere

(7) During the Civil War, the Battle of Westport took place in what is now this city. George Kessler designed The Paseo here, and its Liberty Memorial is America's official World War I museum. This city is home to the redeveloped Power and Light district and is nicknamed the "City of Fountains." During Prohibition, it was ruled by the political machine of Tom Pendergast, who helped launch Harry Truman's career. For ten points, name this city in western Missouri that shares its name with a neighboring state.

Kansas City BONUS: Harry Truman was born in this large suburb of Kansas City. Along with St. Joseph, it served as the eastern terminus of the Santa Fe trail. ANSWER: Independence

(16) In a novel by this author, society is split into a class of engineers and managers and a class comprised of everyone else after World War III causes the complete automation of industry. The town of Ilium serves as a setting of this writer's novel about Paul Proteus. A character created by this man repeatedly becomes "unstuck in time," causing him to relive the firebombing of Dresden during World War II. For the point, name this author of Player Piano and Slaughterhouse-Five.

Kurt Vonnegut Jr.

(3) Victor Ostrovsky claimed that the charges against this man were doctored by the Israelis in retaliation for this man's criticism of the invasion of Lebanon. This man helped organize Paul McCartney concerts in Cambodia to help the region recover from Pol Pot. This man claimed that he was not aware of the Jasenovac concentration camp while serving in the Balkans during Operation Kozara. Despite the revelation that this man served as an interpreter for Army Group E in the Wehrmacht, this man became President of Austria in 1986. For the point, name this fourth Secretary-General of the UN.

Kurt Waldheim

(1) John Gerin performed an autopsy on this man, whose body was dissolved with sulfuric acid after authorities decided that quicklime wouldn't work fast enough. This man used the alias "Fred (+) Nieman" during a meeting in the house of the editor of the Free Society, Abraham Isaak; at that meeting, this man sought to meet with Emma (*) Goldman. Gaetano Bresci inspired this man, who concealed an Iver Johnson revolver at the Temple of Music during the Pan-American Exposition in Buffalo. For the points, name this anarchist who, in 1901, assassinated William McKinley.

Leon Frank Czolgosz ([chol-gosh], but be very, very lenient with pronounciation)

(4) A painting of this city by Henri-Paul Motte depicts men walking alongside a seawall constructed by Clement Metezeau. This city was defeated by the fleet of Henry Montmorency when it attempted to aid the revolt of the Duke of Soubise. A treaty named for this city was alternatively known as the Edict of (+) Bolougne and restricted Calvinist influence to Nimes, Moutaban, and this city. One group was allowed to keep this fortress in the "Secret Articles" of the Treaty of (*) Nantes. During the reign of Louis XIII, this fort was successfully besieged by Cardinal Richelieu. For ten points, name this seaport on the Bay of Biscay, a stronghold for the Huguenots.

La Rochelle Page 10 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2015-2016 Bowl Round 11

(34) One member of this family noted that "each time a man [...] strikes out against injustice, he sends out a ripple of hope" in the Day of Affirmation speech. Another member of this family asserted that the "the dream will never die" after conceding to Jimmy Carter at the 1980 Democratic National Convention, the third time a member of this family ran for President. For the point, name this family whose only U.S. President declared "ask not what your country can do for you, ask what you can do for your country" in his 1961 Inaugural Address.

Kennedy family (accept Robert, Edward "Ted," and/or John Kennedy)

(12) This empire was visited by Zhou Daguan, who mistakenly believed that a Buddha statue existed at this empire's West Mebon site. A gallery at this empire's Bayon temple reveals how this empire's ships engaged the forces of the Champa kingdom on the Tonle Sap lake. This empire's barays, or water tanks, are speculated to symbolize the Sea of Creation. A temple dedicated to Vishnu was built in the image of Mount Meru during the reign of this empire's Suryavarman II. Angkor Wat was built by, for the point, what long-lasting Cambodian empire?

Khmer Empire (do not accept or prompt on Khmer Rouge)

(74) The Schechter letter details this state's failed invasion of Khazaria and ensuing invasion of the Byzantine Empire, which ended in a failed 941 siege of Constantinople. That siege was led by Igor I, who ruled this state for three decades. Vladimir the Great Christianized this state, which moved its capital from Novgorod under Oleg, its first Grand Prince. The Mongols defeated this Rurikid-led state in the 13th century. For the point, name this Slavic state that controlled land in modern Russia and which is named in part for their capital city in modern Ukraine.

Kievan Rus

(11) A museum in this city is the Carmo Convent and its lost collection of 5,000 books. A ruler in this city became paranoid of living in buildings and kept his court on the hills of Ajuda. Monarchs here for many years lived in the Ribeira Palace. The Marquis of (+) Pombal helped rebuild it while serving as a minister for King Joseph I. Dr. Pangloss insists a (*) disaster that kills thousands here is for the greater good in Candide. For the point, name this city on the Tagus River which was almost destroyed by a 1755 earthquake but remains the capital of Portugal.

Lisbon

(7) A siege of this state's capital was carried out by the Pechenegs during their westward migration. The state's collapse led to the rise of Galicia-Volhynia and Vladimir-Suzdal and began after the Battle of the Kalka River, which it lost to the Mongols. Yaroslav the Wise led this state in the 11th century, and it was founded by Oleg the Seer, who moved its capital from Novgorod. The Rurikid dynasty led, for ten points, what precursor state to modern Russia?

Kievan Rus BONUS: The Rus was founded by a member of this group, essentially the Greek name for Vikings. Members of this group were employed by the Byzantine Emperor as a personal guard. ANSWER: Varangians (accept the Varangian Guard)

(3) This figure is likely the King Rathotis who is described by the histories of Manetho. His mother, known as the "Younger Lady," was found in KV35. He served as the successor to (+) Smenkhare. Both Horemheb and the Vizier Ay advised this ruler, who moved the capital back to Thebes. Under the reign of this ruler, (*) Amun was restored to his position of chief god, replacing Aten. Lord Carvanon was allegedly cursed by his discovery of this ruler's tomb in the Valley of the Kings. For ten points, name this Egyptian pharaoh and son of Akhenaten who died in his teenage years.

King Tutankhamun (or Tutankhaten)

(22) One holder of this position defeated the mercenary leader Phalaikos in the Foreign War. Another holder of this position produced the Great Rhetra, yet another died at the Battle of Leuctra. This position was held by the cautious Archidamus and by the man who attempted to block Mardonius and Xerxes at Thermopylae, Leonidas. The Agaid and Eurypontid lines simultaneously provided this position. For the point, name this leader of a warlike Greek city-state.

King of Sparta

(29) The unifier of this country founded the Cheri Monastery and had a title meaning "At Whose Feet One Submits." Governors known as penlops ruled districts in this country, whose troops were expelled from Cooch Behar by the British. (+) Ladakh allied with this country in the Tibet-Ladakh-Mughal War of the 1600s. The "Red Hat," or Drukpa, school of Buddhism is prominent in this country, which is ruled by (*) "Dragon Kings." The measure of "gross national happiness" was developed by, for the points, what country, ruled by the Wangchuk Dynasty, found northwest of India with capital at Thimphu?

Kingdom of Bhutan (accept druk gyal khap; accept druk yul)

(1) The North American Martyrs were born in this country and ritually killed by Native Americans. Another man born in this country, Father Sebastian Rale, was killed during Dummer's War. Though the (+) Kirke brothers were born in this country, they captured one of its New World colonies for England during the Thirty Years' War. The Third Treaty of San (*) Ildefonso granted this country territory that, three years later, it sold to America for $15 million. For ten points, name this European country that colonized Quebec under Samuel de Champlain and founded New Orleans during Louis XV's reign.

Kingdom of France

(7) Submarines supplied chocolate and Chelsea-brand cigarettes labeled with this phrase in order to boost morale amongst guerrilla fighters. This phrase was first used in a speech that spoke of the necessity of advancing from Corregidor to Australia and was fulfilled after the battle of Leyte Gulf. This promise was given after the failed defense of Bataan and subsequent fall of Luzon in 1941. For the point, give this three word promise spoken by Douglas Macarthur after leaving the Philippines.

"I Shall Return"

(2) One of this man's daughters helped build fortresses in Stafford, Warwick, and Chester, earning her the nickname "the Lady of the Mercians." After this father of Aethlflaed and Edward the Elder won at Chippenham and Edington, he converted Guthrum to Christianity, baptizing Guthrum as his spiritual son. The Bishop Asser chronicled the life of, for ten points, what king of Wessex who ruled from 871 to 899 who, like Canute, was styled "the Great?"

Alfred the Great

(8) In one work, Nathan's lover tells the Brooklyn novelist Stingo about this location and how she attempted to seduce its commander. In one work, train heads to this location as Madame Sch¨achter [SHEK tair] is beaten for claiming she sees fire. (+) Primo Levi's novel If This Is A Man describes his experience at this place. William Styron's novel Sophie's Choice focuses on Sophie's decision to have her daughter Eva (*) sent to the gas chambers at this location. Elie Wiesel's Night is primarily set at, for ten points, what largest Nazi concentration camp, located in Poland?

Auschwitz-Birkenau (or Auschwitz Moniwitz; prompt on concentration camp or Nazi death camp) Page 10 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2016-2017 Bowl Round 2 Extra Question Only read if you need a backup or tiebreaker!

(21) The spy Sicinnus enticed the evenutal losers of this battle to press the attack, despite Artemisia's preference to fight on land. The losing commander at this battle observed his forces from a throne on Mount Aigaleo. The winning side of this battle had moved ships to the Saronic Gulf after learning of Sparta's defeat at Thermopylae, leaving Athens undefended. For the point, name this 480 BC naval battle, a victory for Themistocles and the Greeks over Xerxes I, a turning point of the Persian Wars.

Battle of Salamis

(17) This man betrayed his Italian allies by signing the Treaty of Monzon after his army captured the Valtelline valley. In order to fund his wars, this man raised the salt and land taxes and improved collection with a system of intendants. This man joined Sweden in the Thirty Years' War by signing the Treaty of B¨arwalde, despite being Catholic. Marie de Medici tried to overthrow this man in the Day of the Dupes. For the point, name this mentor to Jules Mazarin, a cardinal who served as prime minister to Louis XIII [thirteenth].

Cardinal Richelieu (or Armand Jean du Plessis

(7) A speech by this man begins with an analogy in which mariner is advised to take heed of his lat tude after being tossed about in storm. This man lost popularity in his home region after lengthy speech that ends by reciting the inscription on the (+) Shield of Achilles. This man declared "Liberty and Union, now and for ever, one and inseparable" as part of a debate in which he opposed (*) nullification. For ten points, name this Massachusetts senator who delivered the Seventh of March speech and the Second Reply to Hayne and served as Secretary of State.

Daniel Webster

(4) In this novel, Gintz tries to convince a group of deserters to return to the army, but his speech instead causes his own guards to rebel as well. The protagonist of this novel is held captive by the philosophizing Liberius, who leads the Forest Brotherhood. A character in this book is nicknamed either "executioner" or "shooter" because of his brutality. The main character of this novel falls in love with Lara while serving as a physician during World War I. For the point, name this novel by Boris Pasternak.

Doctor Zhivago

(3) One candidate for the Democratic nomination in this election year was a New Jersey senator who had played for the New York Knicks. The South Carolina primary in this year was won by a "compassionate conservative." This election was the last in which the Green Party nominated Ralph Nader for president; he was accused of causing a spoiler effect in this year. This election saw "hanging chads" cause a long recount in Florida ended by the Supreme Court. For ten points, name this election in which George W. Bush defeated Al Gore.

Election of 2000

(29) In the aftermath of this event, a surge in poachers led to the passage of the Black Act, which made "being found in disguise in a forest" a capital crime. John Aislabie was tried and convicted for his role in this event. The subject of this event was granted a (+) 30-year-long asiento and was supposed to assume British debt after the War of the Spanish Succession, but ended up causing the financial (*) ruin of hundreds of thousands of investors. For the point, name this 1720 economic bubble, after which an English overseas trading company collapsed.

South Sea Bubble

(18) Journalist Andrew Bolt denied that the people known by this specific term ever existed as part of his country's "History Wars." In 1981, historian Peter Read coined the term for this subset of people, which inspired the song "The Dead Heart" by Midnight Oil. The 1997 government report (+) Bringing Them Home proposed ways to help these mostly "half-caste" people, inspiring the observance "National Sorry Day." An official 2007 apology to these people and their descendants was made by then-Prime Minister (*) Kevin Rudd. For the point, name these people who were raised to act white after being abducted from their half-aboriginal or aboriginal families by white Australians.

Stolen Generations [or Stolen Children; prompt on half-castes before read; do not accept or prompt on "aborigines" or "aboriginal Australians")

(8) A manifesto central to this movement was written by the second husband of Jane Fonda. Mark Rudd and other members of this group organized the "Ten Days of Resistance" in 1968, including an April 26th strike centered at Columbia that is the largest of its kind in American history. This group advocated "participatory democracy" and "universally controlled disarmament" in the Port Huron Statement. Weather Underground, or the Weathermen, were originally a faction of, for ten points, what 1960s student activist group?

Students for Democratic Society (or SDS BONUS: The Port Huron Statement was written by this activist, who divorced Jane Fonda in 1990. This man, one of the Chicago Seven arrested at the 1968 DNC, passed away in 2016. ANSWER: Tom Hayden Page 5 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2016-2017 Bowl Playoff Packet 7

(34) This country's unity was strengthened by the Pact of Brunnen, which was signed after victory in the Battle of Morgarten. Charles the Bold of Burgundy was killed while fighting this country, which also defeated the Habsburgs in the Swabian War. Uri, Schwyz [shvootz], and Unterwalden formed this country's Old Confederacy after the Federal Charter of 1291. Pikemen from this nation gained fame as mercenaries and became the Pope's personal guard. For the point, name this nation, a federation of cantons like Z¨urich and Bern.

Switzerland

(23) A speech commemorating this event borrowed the quote "And I shall have some peace there, for peace comes dropping slow" from the grave of a poet who is buried nearby. Timothy Knatchbull and Paul Maxwell were killed in this event, which occurred the same day as the (+) Warrenpoint Ambush. Thomas McMahon was convicted for his role in this event, which had been attempted a year prior via (*) sniper and was carried out via a radio-controlled bomb in Donegal Bay. For the points, name this August 1979 event in which the last British Viceroy of India was killed by the IRA.

assassination (or murder, death, etc.) of Louis (Francis Albert Victor Nicholas) Mountbatten, First Earl Mountbatten of Burma (prompt on partial answers)

(10) Among the oldest recorded examples of these objects are the Lakshmi Plaques of the Chera dynasty and the Maneless Lions created by King Mahasen. In Jaffna, the "Dutch Dumps" were examples of these items made out of copper by the Dutch East India Company. These items were punch-marked in early Indian history. Akbar commemorated a new millennium of Islamic history by inscribing "alf" on these objects. In the 20th century, the value of these objects changed via decimalization, so 100 Indian paisa are equivalent to 1 rupee. For ten points, name these objects studied by numismatists interested in early Indian economies.

coins (prompt on other terms, like money, currency, etc.; do not accept or prompt on descriptions of paper money) Page 2 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2016-2017 Bowl Playoff Packet 1 Second Quarter

(4) While trying to synthesize a drug to fight this disease, William Perkins accidentally synthesized the dye mauve. In the early 1900s, infection with this disease was used to cure syphilis via the high fever that this disease causes. Tu Youyou won the 2015 Nobel in Medicine for discovering that artemisinins can treat this disease. Thalassaemias can confer resistance to this disease, which is treated by a compound extracted from cinchona tree bark. Plasmodium parasites cause, for ten points, what disease that is transmitted by Anopheles mosquitos and treated with quinine?

malaria BONUS: During World War II and the inter-war period, 90% of the world's quinine was produced by colonies owned by this European country. The Japanese occupation of those colonies forced Allied malaria infection rates to rise. ANSWER: The Netherlands (accept answers describing Dutch Indochina)

(7) Kurt Muse was rescued during a raid on Carcel Modelo prison in this initiative, which secured Fort Amador and the "Bridge of the Americas." This initiative called for the seizure of the El Chorillo neighboorhood, which was protected by Dignity Batallions. It led to the installment of Guillermo Endara after his predecessor was flushed out of the Vatican City embassy by loud music. Operation Just Cause was the codename of, for ten points, what US initiative that successfully deposed dictator Manuel Noriega from a certain Central American country?

Invasion of Panama (accept Operation Just Cause before mentioned) BONUS: This elite unit of U.S. Army suffered the heaviest percentage of injuries in the invasion of Panama after heavy fighting at Rio Hato. Their motto is "lead the way." ANSWER: U.S. Army Rangers

(9) This city was the western terminus of the Khorasan Road and was situated just north of Ctesiphon. This city, the site of the Translation Movement, was founded by al-Mansur after his brother's victory at the Battle of Zab. Harun al-Rashid constructed the House of Wisdom in this city, which was brutally sacked by Hulagu Khan as the Tigris ran black with ink and red with blood. For the point, name this center of Islamic learning and culture, the capital of both the Abbasid Caliphate and modern Iraq.

Baghdad

(5) After this battle, the message "we will never leave Mike Durant" was repeatedly broadcast. The goal of this battle was to capture the warlord Mohammed Farah Aidid. Randy Shughart received a posthumous Medal of Honor for defending the pilot of Super Six-Four, one of two helicopters that crashed during this battle. For the point, name this 1993 battle, the subject of Black Hawk Down, in which 18 American soldiers were killed in the capital of Somalia.

Battle of Mogadishu Page 1 NHBB Nationals Bee 2015-2016 Bee Round 4

(15) The Greek ambassador Megasthenes described how this man never slept in one room for two consecutive nights. His advisor, Kautilya, wrote a text on politics, often compared to The Prince, called the Arthashastra. This ruler reconquered land from Seleucus I, who had come to rule the eastern territories of Alexander the Great, and he defeated the Nanda Empire to conquer most of India. For the point, name this founder of the Mauryan Empire and grandfather of Ashoka.

Chandragupta Maurya

(1) Artist Stephen Fan has documented the recent formation of one of these institutions among casino workers in Montville, Connecticut. Part of Philadelphia's example of this was demolished for convention center, and the one in Manhattan has grown to take over almost all of what used to be (+) Little Italy. Ceremonial arches known as paifangs often are found at the borders of these neighborhoods, the oldest of which in America can be found along Grant Street in (*) San Francisco. For ten points, give the term for these immigrant enclaves where one might find people who speak Mandarin.

Chinatown

(15) This ruler built a series of forts called the Ripa Sarmatica along the Danube for a man who defeated the Persians at the Battle of Satala. This ruler rose to his highest position after Carus was struck by (+) lightning. This ruler created a system that was officially ended by Constantine the Great's "principle of succession" and failed to curb inflation with his Edict of (*) Maximum Prices. For the point, name this Roman Emperor who ruled alongside Galerius after establishing the Tetrarchy and embarked on the last major persecution of Christians in the Roman Empire.

Diocletian (or Gaius Aurelius Valerius Diocletianus Augustus)

(1) As chief justice, this man upheld a fine against two brothers who had tried to sell federal lottery tickets outside the District of Columbia in the case Cohens v. Virginia. This man's legal career vaulted when he argued the losing side in the Supreme Court case of Ware v. Hylton. This man's court held that land sales could not be voided despite the Yazoo scandal in Georgia in the case of Fletcher v. Peck. For ten points, name this Chief Justice from 1801 to 1835.

John Marshall BONUS: During Marshall's Supreme Court tenure, he firmly established this inferred power of the court, by which it could declare Congressional acts unconstitutional. ANSWER: judicial review (do not prompt on checks and balances)

(6) This author fictionalized the murder of Thomas Kinnear in the historical novel Alias Grace. Amanda Payne is rescued from bloodthirsty veterans of the game Painball in a trilogy by this author that includes the novels (+) Maddaddam and The Year of the Flood and begins with a work in which Extinctathon is played by Snowman. In another novel, this author of (*) Oryx and Crake detailed the illicit Scrabble games played in the Republic of Gilead between the Commander and his concubine, Offred ["of Fred"]. For ten points, name this Canadian author of The Handmaid's Tale.

Margaret (Eleanor) Atwood

(10) This man had an African slave scrub his own skin to prove that he was not covered in ink; that event was recounted in the letters of Luis Frois. This man's conflict with Saito Dosan ended with his marriage to Saito's daughter Lady Nohime [no-HEE-may]. This man was forced to commit seppuku after being betrayed by Akechi Mitsuhide at Honno-ji. For the point, name this first of Japan's Three Great Unifiers, a leader who employed Toyotomi Hideyoshi and Tokugawa Ieyasu.

Oda Nobunaga Page 2 NHBB Nationals Bee 2015-2016 Bee Round 4

(20) This mountain range contains the first river to be designated as a National River, the Buffalo. Another water feature in this mountain range was created when Dismal Creek bored a hole through a bluff creating Glory Hole Falls. The early Civil War battle of Wilson's Creek was fought in this range. The Shawnee Hills are often called the (+) Illinois section of this range. Land in this range was purchased by Jim McDougal's Whitewater Development Corporation, in which (*) Bill and Hillary Clinton participated. For the point, name this mountain range mostly located in Arkansas and Missouri.

Ozark Mountains

(17) The cult of Melqart began among users in this language in which an early text is the Ahiram sarcophagus, which was produced by the priest-king Ithobaal. Speakers of this language founded Leptis Magna and Utica and included Hanno the Navigator. Herodotus believed that Cadmus spread its 22-lettered, vowelless alphabet from a land home to the cities of Sidon and Tyre. For the point, name this language, spoken by the maritime founders of Carthage, with the first known alphabet.

Phoenician (accept Punic; do not accept or prompt on Carthaginian)

(26) A military engineer from this country served under Nathanael Greene at the Battle of Guilford Court House. Another military figure from this country died leading the siege of Savannah, is called the "father of the American cavalry," and is honored with a holiday in early March in Chicago. Those two commanders from this country aided the American Revolution after gaining experience fighting against Russia. For the point, name this European country where Tadeusz Kosciuezko [tah-dah-oosh koh-shoo-skow] and Casimir Pulaski fought against partitions.

Poland

(5) One side in this election year used the song "Hunters of Kentucky" to rally support. After suffering a stroke, William Crawford lost support and finished third in this election year. Thanks to the Twelfth Amendment, this election hung on a House of Representatives vote that the loser decried as a "corrupt bargain" struck by Henry Clay. For ten points, name this election year in which John Quincy Adams defeated Andrew Jackson.

Presidential Election of 1824 BONUS: Crawford finished third in 1824, but he wasn't a third party candidate; all four candidates that received Electoral College votes were members of this party, which essentially split apart when they failed to nominate a single candidate in 1824. ANSWER: Democratic Repub can Party (do not accept or prompt on Democratic or Republican alone)

(5) Following this event, the village of Zimoveskaya was renamed. Vasily Kar failed to stop this event in its early stages, while Alexander (+) Bibikov succumbed to cholera while trying to suppress it. During this event, Ivan Mikhelson drove forces out of Kazan shortly after this event's leader captured it. That was followed by utter defeat at the Battle of (*) Tsaritsyn. The leader of this uprising claimed to be the deceased Peter III and promised to free the serfs. For the point, name this Cossack rebellion during the reign of Catherine the Great.

Pugachev's Rebellion (or Revolt, etc.)

(4) A monument in this city, decorated with carvings of azaelas, is found at the foot of Moran Hill and is modeled after the Arc de Triomphe. One building in this city, shaped like a pyramid with three wings, first topped out at 105 floors in 1992 but has yet to open to the public. A flame-topped monument in this city is named after the state ideology. The Ryugyong Hotel is found in, for ten points, what city also home to the Arch of Reunification, the Juche Tower, and Kim Il-Sung Square?

Pyongyang

(17) Description acceptable. The eventual victor of these wars was almost annihilated after a surprise attack by Li Mu at the Battle of Fei. In one battle in these wars, Zhao Kuo was killed by enemy archers in a desperate breakout charge, after which (+) Bai Qi ordered the burying alive of hundreds of thousands of soldiers; that was the Battle of Changping. A leader of a state conquered during these wars, Prince (*) Dan, sent the assassin Jingke to try to kill the leader of the winning side in these wars. After claiming victory in these wars, Ying Zheng changed his name. For the points, name these wars in which six other states were defeated by a man who then formed the first dynasty of Imperial China.

Qin Shi Huangdi's wars of unification (accept any answer that mentions Qin's conquest of other states, or Qin unifying China; prompt on partial answers, including descriptions of "unifications of China" or of "wars against any or all of Han, Zhao, Yan, Wei, Chu and/or Qi"; do not accept Warring States Period) Page 4 NHBB Nationals Bee 2016-2017 Bee Final Round - JV

(12) A character in this series is offered a choice of punishments between castration and having part of his right foot chopped off; that character names his daughter after a word meaning "stay put" in the Mandinka language. A man in this series gains the nickname "Chicken George" because of his prowess in training chickens for cockfighting. Near the start of this series, a brutal whipping is administered to Kunta Kinte when he refuses to accept the name Toby. For the point, name this landmark TV miniseries chronicling the origins of Alex Haley.

Roots

(14) One side in this conflict received funding from France after the Treaty of Barwalde. Despite having won at this war's battles of Dessau Bridge and Wolgast, Albrecht von Wallenstein was accused of treason and assassinated. One year after Count Tilly was routed at Breitenfeld in this war, an ill-fated cavalry charge at Lutzen led to the death of Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden. The Treaty of Westphalia ended, for the point, what religious war in Europe that lasted from 1618 to 1648?

Thirty Years' War

(9) This process was first carried out in 1974 by Frank Jobe, using the palmaris longus. Garrett Richards has avoided this process via an experimental injection of stem cells, and Masahiro Tanaka avoided it via platelet-rich plasma injections, after they each suffered partial tears of their ulnar collateral ligaments, or UCLs. This graft process often uses a forearm tendon to replace the torn elbow ligament, and is named for a lefty who won 164 games after undergoing it. A year's recovery time is common for, for the point, what surgery undergone by countless baseball pitchers after they blow out their arm?

Tommy John surgery (prompt on TJ; prompt on (elbow and/or arm) surgery; prompt on surgery for baseball pitchers/players; prompt on graft before mentioned)

(8) Collier's magazine said that this idea "hit the popularity jackpot" while Walter Lippman criticized it for being the "tocsin of an ideological crusade." This idea was created in the context of a conflict involving the ELAS and EAM that included the bloody Dekemvriana. This policy built upon the "quarantine" policy of the previous president and was itself followed up with the Marshall Plan. This policy was first implemented when Greece and Turkey were given $400 million. For ten points, name this presidential doctrine that pledged aid to countries fighting Communism.

Truman Doctrine BONUS: The Dekemvriana took place on the streets of this city, where a "White Terror" then punished the leftists ELAS and EAM. ANSWER: Athens

(29) This city was conquered and developed by Emmanuel Philibert, Duke of Savoy, who died here while trying to establish it as a regional capital. For four years, this city served as the first (+) capital of the unified Kingdom of Italy. This city became known as the post-World War II automobile manufacturing capital of Italy. An (*) object named after this city was carbon dated to the 14th Century, sparking controversy over whether it could have been buried with Jesus. The 2006 Winter Olympics were held in, for the points, what Italian city that names a holy burial shroud?

Turin (or Torino)

(2) In this modern country, dozens of large, decap tated statue heads are scattered across the summit of Mount Nemrut. Several circles of T shaped stones from the Neolithic era lie in this country's site of (+) Gobekli Tepe, possibly the oldest religious site in the world. This country contains the ruins of Myra, the bishopric of the original St. Nicholas. Its southwestern coast is the site of multiple cliffside necropolises featuring ancient (*) Lycian rock tombs. The Neolithic proto-city of Catalhoyuk [cha tal hook] is found in, for ten points, what modern country that contains the ruins of Troy?

Turkey

(6) The leader of the losing side of this war was killed by man known as "Frank the Devil." The Campaign of the Hills was the final phase of this conflict, which included the siege of the Fortress of Humait´a. (+) Rutherford B. Hayes helped lead negotiations in the aftermath of this conflict which included the Battle of Tuyut´ı. Eliza Lynch was the wife of the leader of the losing country, which lost over (*) two-thirds of its adult male population. Francisco Solano L´opez was killed in, for ten points, what war in which Paraguay was defeated by Argentina, Brazil, and Uruguay?

War of the Triple Alliance (prompt on Paraguay(an) War)

(7) This man was accused by CBS of deliberately fabricating troop numbers in the documentary "The Uncounted Enemy." He used body counts to claim that he had won the battle of Ia Drang, and he was replaced in his highest post by Creighton Adams. While at (+) Khe Sanh, this man failed to respond to a major attack on the New Year, believing it to be a diversion. This man, who repeatedly claimed that the war was (*) almost won, lost his credibility with the American public following the Tet Offensive. For ten points, name this American general during the early stages of the Vietnam War.

William Westmoreland

(5) These events took place in the home of Harold and Martha Smith and were arranged by Swifty Lazar, an agent. Peter Morgan wrote play based on these events, of which twelve occurred over the course of four weeks, producing 28 hours of (+) footage. One of these events opened with the question "Why didn't you burn the tapes?"; at another point, one participant noted "Well, when the (*) President does it, that means that it is not illegal." For ten points, name these 1977 events in which a former president was questioned by David Frost on topics like the Watergate scandal.

the Frost-Nixon Interviews (accept answers involving Richard Nixon being interviewed by David Frost)

(5) This event was compared to "an entomologist killing a beetle on a pin" by one of its perpetrators. This event involved a murder committed with a chisel, after which the victim was dumped at Wolf Lake. Its perpetrators pled guilty, but were spared the death penalty after a 12-hour speech by their lawyer, Clarence Darrow, who argued that Nietzsche's writings were to blame. For the point, name this 1924 "Trial of the Century" in which the murderers of Bobby Franks, two University of Chicago students, were sentenced to life in prison.

the Leopold and Loeb murder case (accept any answer naming both Nathan Freudenthal Leopold, Jr. and Richard Albert Loeb, including their crime or the ensuing trial; accept the murder of Bobby Franks before his name is mentioned) Page 1 NHBB Nationals Bee 2015-2016 Bee Round 2

(3) A primary account of this event was provided by doctor David Hosack. In the aftermath of this event, one participant went to the house of his friend, William Bayard, and another participant traveled to Washington to preside over the (+) impeachment of Samuel Chase. The cause of this event stemmed from remarks in a letter sent by Charles Cooper to (*) Philip Schuyler. Nathaniel Pendleton and William P. Van Ness were the seconds in, for the points, what 1804 event that took place in Weehawken, New Jersey and resulted in the death of the first U.S. Secretary of the Treasury?

the duel between Aaron Burr and Alexander Hamilton (accept descriptions that mention the three underlined portions; prompt on partial answers)

(12) When news of this event broke, Stephen Crowley and Bryan Ellis were killed by angry students who burned the American embassy in Islamabad to the ground. One side in this event first had to gain a fatwa from the ulama Abdul Aziz bin Baz. According to Lawrence Wright, Christian Proteau's GIGN forces (+) converted to Islam before they were allowed into action alongside Pakistani commandos in this event. This event was carried out by (*) Abdullah al Qahtani and his al-Ikhwan militia, who declared al Qahtani to be the Mahdi. For the points, name this 1979 event in which hundreds of insurgents took hostages at Islam's holiest site in Mecca.

siege of the Grand Mosque of Mecca (or siege of the Great Mosque of Mecca; accept equivalents for siege, like attack) Page 3 NHBB Nationals Bee 2016-2017 Bee Final Round - Varsity

(4) In this battle, Lauzun's Legion was able to repulse a foraging party led by Banastre Tarleton. During this battle, the Gatinois regiment provided carpenters to break down palisades at Redoubt 9. One myth about this battle notes that the general who fired the first cannon shot ended up hitting a dinner table where his enemies were eating. This battle ended with the playing of the tune "The World Turned Upside Down" while Charles O' Hara surrendered. For ten points, name this 1781 battle in which Cornwallis surrendered to George Washington.

Battle of Yorktown

(22) This state was the only one to protest the signing the 1949 Basic Law, but agreed to follow it anyway. One war to prevent Hapsburg annexation of this state was derisively called the War of the Potatoes. One king of this state, ruled by the Wittelsbachs, was declared mad due to his artistic patronage, including supporting Richard Wagner and building Neuscwhanstein [noysh-von-shtein] Castle. Ludwig II was king of, for the point, what largest German state whose capital is Munich?

Bavaria (or Bayern)

(20) The Independent responded to this event with an image of a hand coming out of a page giving the middle finger and holding a pen dripping blood. This event had supposedly been triggered by a picture with the caption "love is stronger than hate" written above a man kissing the Prophet Muhammad. The week after this event, the target responded with the words "all is forgiven" written above a cartoon of Muhammad holding a sign declaring "Je suis Charlie." [zhe swee shar-lee] For the point, name this January 2015 attack on a French satirical magazine.

Charlie Hebdo massacre (or equivalents) Page 4 NHBB A-Set Bee 2016-2017 Bee Final Round

(5) This politician used his weekly radio show, Talk to the People, to read the Sunday comics to listeners during a newspaper deliveryman's strike. This politician targeted Frank Costello by ordering the dumping of thousands of slot machines into the ocean. While in the House of Representatives, he co-sponsored a legislation that protected collective bargaining rights by outlawing "yellow dog" contracts. For ten points, identify this 20th century mayor of New York City who names an airport in Queens.

Fiorello La Guardia

(1) A controversial 2005 book by Claude Ribbe argued that this country's troops used sulfur dioxide to construct gas chambers in ships, killing tens of thousands of black slaves. A civil commissioner named Sonthonax ruled troops in a colony of this country that experienced a massive slave rebellion in 1791. This country's control over the western portion of Hispanola was ended by an insurrection partially led by Toussaint L'Ouverture. For the point, name this country that oversaw Haiti as the colony of Saint-Domingue.

France

(5) This author wrote a poem about figures such as Hypermnestra, Medea, and Cleopatra in a work that essentially introduced iambic pentameter to his language. This author of The Legend of Good Women commemorated the death of Blanche of Lancaster, the wife of John of Gaunt, in his The Book of the Duchess. In one of his stories, Arcite and Palamon fight for the love of Emily, while in another, Alisoun describes how a rapist learns that what women want is to control their husbands. For ten points, name this author of "The Knight's Tale" and "The Wife of Bath's Tale," two of his Canterbury Tales.

Geoffrey Chaucer BONUS: The protagonists in the Canterbury Tales are visiting the death-site of Thomas a Becket, whose martyrdom is depicted in this T.S. Eliot play. ANSWER: Murder in the Cathedral

(22) This conflict was preceded by the Orlov rebellion and encouraged by the "Friendly Society." George Canning helped organize one intervention in this conflict through the Treaty of London, and it was ended by the Treaty of Constantinople. The Pruth River was crossed by Alexander Ypsilantis in this conflict, which included a massacre at Chios and the naval battle of Navarino. For the point, name this conflict in which revolutionaries on the Peloponnese fought the Ottoman Empire.

Greek War of Independence (or equivalent descriptions)

(2) This man was forced into exile after Publius Clodius Pulcher passed a law targeting those who executed Roman citizens without trial. He rose to prominence by successfully prosecuting Gaius Verres. As consul, he exposed the Catiline Conspiracy to the Senate and was awarded the title Pater Patriae For ten points, name this politician, a staunch supporter of the Roman Republic and notable orator who opposed Mark Antony with his Philippics

Marcus Tullius Cicero

(2) Julia Domna was the daughter of a priest associated with this deity. Coins under the emperor Probus depict this deity riding in a four-horsed quadriga. A temple in the Campus Agrippae was dedicated to this deity by the emperor Aurelian, who established the official cult of this deity. Though not related to Christianity, this deity's feast day was celebrated on December 25th. Elagabalus was assimilated with, for ten points, what Roman deity with a name that translates to "Unconquered Sun?"

Sol Invictus (accept Elagabalus until "December" is read; accept Unconquerable Sun before mentioned)

(1) One member of this political party had an affair with Georgianna Cavendish and helped craft a document that outlawed slavery in the British Empire. The Earl Grey was a member of this party, which formalized under Charles James Fox. Its power diminished as it entered into a coalition with William Gladstone's Liberal Party. For the point, name this political party led by William Pitt the Elder and Robert Walpole, which rivaled the Conservatives for dominance in 18th century Britain.

Whig Party

(5) This essay quotes from a burial song for Marines to show that a straw man has no more worth than an animal. This essay argues against a similar chapter by William Paley by claiming that expediency is not a sufficient excuse to abstain from revolution. This work wonders what form of government could follow after monarchy and democracy, noting that its author "heartily accepts the motto 'that government is best which governs least'," and repeatedly voices opposition to the Mexican War and to slavery. For ten points, name this 1849 essay promoting non-violent protesting by Henry David Thoreau.

Civil Disobedience (or Resistance to Civil Government BONUS: "Civil Disobedience" was written by Thoreau after he spent a night in jail for refusing to pay this type of duty. ANSWER: poll tax (prompt on tax)

(16) A lack of proper uniforms among this man's troops caused Phineas Riall to treat them as militia in the Battle of Chippewa. This man captured a fort defended by six "Heroic Cadets" and Nicolas Bravo, and he commanded alongside Jacob Brown at the Battle of Lundy's Lane. This general produced a strategy to control waterways in order to strangle the South. For the point, name this long-serving Union general, a victor of Chapultepec who designed the Anaconda Plan.

Winfield Scott

(5) One of these objects contained two blue bands on its right and left sides representing the motto "From Sea to Sea" and was alliteratively dubbed the "pennant" of a man who advocated for its use. The current version of this object was designed by George Stanley. In 1964, John Diefenbaker opposed alterations to this object, which had been called the Red Ensign and was derided by those who attacked its British influences. For the point, name this object which Lester Pearson changed in 1965 to a red and white design featuring a maple leaf.

flags of Canada Page 1 NHBB Nationals Bee 2016-2017 Bee Round 1

(2) After the success of one of this group's efforts, George Besan¸con wrote that they had "completely dissipated all doubts." Henry Toulmin helped attain a patent for this group, who were assisted by mechanic Charlie Taylor. This group used a forward elevator in their design of a machine that maintained three-axis control during testing near sand dunes in the Kill Devil Hills. For ten points, name this duo who, in 1903 near Kitty Hawk, achieved the first sustained flight.

the Wright brothers (accept Orville and Wilbur Wright; prompt on partial answers) BONUS: The success of the Wright Brothers has triggered a feud between these two states over who deserves credit as the "birthplace of aviation:" one for the site where the design was made, and the other where the flight took place. Name both states. ANSWER: Ohio and North Carolina (accept in either order; prompt on partial answer

(30) John Alcock and Arthur Brown received a Daily Mail Prize for performing this action. Ren´e Fonck's attempt to perform this action ended with the deaths of Charles Clavier and Jacob Sclaroff, in part due to Fonck's insistence on bringing a refrigerator and sofa. The Orteig Prize was established for any Allied pilot that could perform this action, which was first completed on May 21, 1927. For the point, what action was completed by The Spirit of St. Louis, for the first time without breaks or a co-pilot, by Charles Lindbergh?

transatlantic flight (accept descriptions of crossing the Atlantic Ocean by plane; prompt on partial answers) Page 6 NHBB Nationals Bee 2015-2016 Bee Round 4

(6) After dreaming of a golden man in the sky, Emperor Ming summoned two of these people to translate a book with twenty-four chapters. One of these people, Ennin, was deported to Japan during a (+) campaign against these people by Emperor Wuzong. The travels of one of these people, (*) Xuanzang, inspired Journey to the West. A group of these people living on Mount Song developed Shaolin kung fu. For the points, name these people who engage in ascetic meditation and follow the path of dharma, dedicating their life to Buddhism.

(Chinese, Mahayana, Chan, and/or Pure Land) Buddhist monks (prompt on Buddhists; prompt on pilgrims or similar terms; prompt on Chinese people)

(10) This man's image descended from the clouds at the beginning of every national television broadcast in his country. Pierre Mulele was promised amnesty by this man, but this man castrated and executed Mulele for his role in the (+) Simba Rebellion. This man paid $5 million to organize George Foreman and Muhammad Ali's "Rumble in the Jungle." This man overthrew his predecessor Joseph (*) Kasavubu in 1965, after which he renamed his country Zaire. For ten points, name this leopard-skin hat enthusiast who stole billions of dollars as President of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

(Joseph Desir´e) Mobutu Sese Seko (Kuku Ngbendu Wa Za Banga) (prompt on "the all-powerful warrior who, because of his endurance and inflexible will to win, goes from conquest to conquest, leaving fire in his wake") Extra Question Only read if you need a backup or tiebreaker!

(5) After this man's starving forces flanked Carlos Oro˜nez at the Miahuatl´an River, he marched on Oaxaca [wah HAH kah]. This man seized power after a victory at Tecoac allowed him to exile Sebastian Tejada, whom he had earlier opposed by issuing the Plan of Tuxtepec [toosh teh pek]. This man, who was advised by a series of technocratic experts known as the cientificos, was overthrown after a fraudulent election in which he "defeated" Francisco Madero. For ten points, name this general who ruled for nearly forty years prior to the Mexican Revolution.

(Jos´e de la Cruz) Porfirio Diaz Mori BONUS: Francisco Madero, enraged that the aforementioned 1910 election was stolen from him, wrote this document attacking Diaz's corrupt, dictatorial rule and arguing for armed revolution. It worked; a year later, Diaz's government was gone. ANSWER: Plan of San Luis Potosi

(8) An octagonal monument dedicated to this battle is located in Hohenstein, and a silver medallion commemorating this battle shows a bearded man holding a sword over a flailing bear. Max Hoffman claimed to invent the (+) name of this battle, which was followed by fighting at the Masurian Lakes a week later. Rather than report defeat at this battle to (*) Nicholas II, the losing commander, Alexander Samsonov, decided to kill himself. Hindenburg and Ludendorff were victorious at, for the points, what early World War I battle that purposely shares its name with a Teutonic clash?

(Second) Battle of Tannenberg Page 2 NHBB Nationals Bee 2016-2017 Bee Playoff Round 1

(4) Compulsory public education in Oregon was struck down in Pierce v. Society of Sisters based on this amendment. The "Privileges and Immunities" Clause of this amendment were essentially read out of it by the Court's decision in the 1873 Slaughter-house Cases. Laws that are facially race-neutral were found to still potentially violate this amendment's Equal Protection Clause. Plessy v. Ferguson created the doctrine of "separate but equal" to satisfy this amendment's requirements. For ten points, name this amendment, passed in 1868, which guaranteed due process to freed black slaves.

14th Amendment (Fourteenth Amendment) BONUS: Excessive punitive damages were struck down under the 14th Amendment in a case named for BMW vs. this last name. A separate case involving this last name halted election recounts in Florida in the 2000 election. ANSWER: Gore (accept BMW v. Gore; prompt on "Bush vs. Gore;" do not accept Bush)

(14) During this event, Vasile Malutan's request for two helicopters was denied with a unit commander replying, "You are on your own...good luck!" The aftermath of this event led to the formation of the National Salvation Front. It began after Pastor Laszlo Tokes' criticism of a nation's "Systemization" policy led to his eviction from a church in Timisoara. This event culminated in a Christmas Day execution of a nation's leader and wife Elena on live television. For the point, name this 1989 event in which Nicolae Ceausescu [cho-CHESS-koo] was overthrown.

1989 Romanian Revolution (accept execution of Nicolae Ceausescu before "execution" is read; accept overthrow of Nicolae Ceausescu before "Nicolae" is read)

(10) Description acceptable. This mil tary oper tion was preceded by series of intim dating troop movements in Oper tion Sand Flea. During this event, the capture of Fort Amador allowed for further action against the El Chorrillo neighborhood, which was defended by the (+) Dignity Battalions. Guillermo Endara rose to power as a result of this event, whose target was psychologically forced out of the (*) Vatican embassy by loud music. Operation Just Cause was the codename of, for ten points, what military action, ordered by President George H.W. Bush, in which American troops deposed Manuel Noriega?

1989-1990 American invasion of Panama (accept equivalent descriptions that mention Panama; accept Operation Just Cause before mentioned; accept descriptions of the fall of Manuel Noriega before his name is mentioned) Extra Question Only read if you need a backup or tiebreaker!

(2) Jeff Bagwell broke his hand the day before this event began. Sonia Sotomayor's injunction ended this event, which was directed by Donald Fehr. Tony Gwynn was batting .394 when this event began, costing him a chance to become the first .400 hitter since Ted Williams. Commissioner Bud Selig was heavily criticized for his actions during this event, though fans blamed both sides for their greed in negotiations. For ten points, name this 1994-95 labor stoppage that cancelled a World Series.

1994-95 Major League Baseball (or MLB) strike (accept 1994 and/or 1995 with the answer; do not accept references to a lockout) BONUS: When the 1994 season was shut down, this team's 74-40 record was the best in baseball. In 2004, this team moved south, becoming the Washington Nationals and ending the MLB mascot career of Youppi. ANSWER: Montreal Expos (accept either or both names)

(29) This man's second wife, Eliza Jumel, left him after four months of marriage; their divorce was finalized on the day this man died. James Wilkinson exposed this man's plot to lodge war against Mexico and seize part of the Louisiana Purchase. A political party tried, but failed, to name this man on all but one of their electoral ballots; instead, this man tied with his running mate, Thomas Jefferson, in the election of 1800. For the point, name this third U.S. vice president, today best known as the duelist who killed Alexander Hamilton.

Aaron Burr

(7) According to Erhard Milch, this man shouted that his employer could kiss his rear when asked to unresign. This man improved upon the Olympiastadion design suggested by Werner March. He rose to his highest post following the death of Fritz Todt. He was known as the "Nazi who said Sorry" due to his confessed feelings of guilt at the Nuremberg trials. His book "Inside the Third Reich" details his role as Minister of Armaments and War Production. For ten points, name this architect who helped create a "Cathedral of Light" effect at the Nuremberg rallies.

Albert Speer

(1) This location was first fortified by Zealous B. Tower. The General MacPherson was a ship dedicated to reaching this location, which Harold Stites and William Miller died defending. Miran Thompson and Sam Shockley were executed by gas chamber for their role in aiding Bernard Coy in a "battle" of this location. Robert Stroud was known as the "Birdman" of this location, which was inhabited by men like Machine Gun Kelly, as well as Al Capone until he developed syphilis. For the point, name this federal prison located on a namesake island off the coast of San Francisco.

Alcatraz (Island and/or Prison)

(4) As head of this institution, James Johnston was assaulted by Burton Phillips. William Miller and Harold Stites were killed during the "Battle of [this location]," which resulted in the execution of Miran Thompson and Sam Shockley. Edward Wutke committed suicide using a pencil sharpener while at this location. Frank Morris and the Anglin brothers briefly lived at this location, where Robert Stroud was sent in his transfer from Leavenworth. Al Capone briefly lived in, for ten points, what supposedly unescapable island prison located in San Francisco Bay?

Alcatraz Federal Penitentiary (accept Alcatraz Island) BONUS: The aforementioned Robert Stroud earned this nickname, inspired by one of his hobbies. ANSWER: Birdman

(8) One of this man's final meals was with Mario Scaramella at the Itsu sushi bar. After this man's death, a world leader ominously stated "[this man] is, unfortunately, not Lazarus." This man's final public statement was addressed to that world leader, telling him "silence comes at a price." This man's death was due to alpha radiation poisoning from a sample of polonium-210 that had been put in his tea by FSB agents, probably on the orders of Vladimir Putin. For ten points, name this Russian dissident who was killed in 2006.

Alexander Litvinenko BONUS: Litvinenko was poisoned two weeks after publicly accusing Putin of ordering the assassination of what other Russian human rights activist? She was shot in an elevator on Putin's birthday in 2006. ANSWER: Anna Politkovskaya

(1) This city was restored by Decriannus on the orders of Hadrian, after it was destroyed by Lukuas during the Kitos War. This city was later the site of an infamous massacre of all its male inhabitants after they had directed insulting satires at Caracalla. During a dispute between this city's governor Orestes and its bishop Cyril, the mathematician Hypatia was killed here by a Christian mob. This city's Musaeum ["museum"] housed an institution allegedly burned by Julius Caesar, causing a great loss of ancient texts. For ten points, name this ancient Egyptian city, famed for its lighthouse and library.

Alexandria BONUS: Another great ancient library existed at this city, whose ruins are located in modern-day Turkey. It was ruled by the Eumenes II [you meh eez the second], who built a massive altar here in the second century BC. ANSWER: Perg mon (or Pergamum

(26) This man's most notable campaign is said to have coined the phrase "let's look at the record." This governor blasted William Randolph Hearst as "a man as low and mean as I can picture." This man was the "wet" candidate at the convention that was split between him and William McAdoo. He eventually turned against his prot´eg´e and successor as governor, Franklin Roosevelt. This man's opposition to Prohibition and his Catholicism hurt his presidential aspirations. For the point, name this New York Governor who lost to Herbert Hoover in the 1928 election.

Alfred "Al" Smith

(1) Michael Riccardi stabbed this man in the chest in a failed assassination attempt after this man led demonstrations in Bensonhurst after the killing of Yusef Hawkins. This host of the radio show Keepin' It Real led an anti-Semitic march during the 1991 Crown Heights Riot. At the age of nine, this man was ordained as a Pentecostal Minister, though he later became a Baptist. For ten points, name this African-American civil rights activist and pastor from New York.

Alfred Charles "Al" Sharpton Jr. BONUS: Sharpton constantly quarreled with this mayor of New York City. He lost re-election to Rudy Guiliani in 1993, largely due to criticism after the Crown Heights riot. ANSWER: David Dinkins

(2) When an author was asked about terrorist attacks during this conflict, he responded "between justice and my mother, I choose my mother." Frantz Fanon's The Wretched of the Earth discusses patients who suffered trauma during this conflict. The Organisation Arm´ee Secr´ete bombed Jean-Paul Sartre's house for supporting a side in this conflict. Francis Jeanson was tried for treason for supporting the FLN in, for ten points, what conflict that resulted in the independence of a North African country from France?

Algerian War of Independence BONUS: Sartre and Jeanson wrote for this journal, which supported the FLN. The Second Sex was initially published in it, and Camus and Sartre's friendship ended following Jeanson's review of the The Rebel in it. ANSWER: Les Temps Modernes

(16) This man forced his commanders to draw lots after George Meade withdrew his specially-trained black troops; the "winning" commander, James Ledlie, was drunk and blundered this man's mission. After an ensuing meeting with Lincoln and Grant, this man wrote "I was not informed of any duty upon which I am to be placed," having been removed from command after the aforementioned disaster failed to end the Siege of Petersburg. The failed scheme in the Battle of the Crater was devised by, for the point, what Union general, today best known for his facial hair?

Ambrose Everett Burnside

(7) This man's response, when the conviction for living on Native American territory for Samuel Worcester was made void, was supposedly "John Marshall has made his decision, now let him enforce it." After this man signed the Force Law, the South Carolina state legislature ended the Nullification Crisis, but his refusal to renew the charter of the Second Bank of the United States led to the Panic of 1837. For ten points, name this seventh U.S. president, nicknamed "Old Hickory."

Andrew Jackson BONUS: This president of the Bank of the United States during the 1820s and 1830s was a frequent opponent of Jackson. ANSWER: Nicholas Biddle

(4) With Henry B´erenger, this man names a plan for repaying French war debt. The physical size of dollar bills was reduced by this man, who advocated for a cut from 77% to 24% in the income tax rate for the wealthiest individuals; that may have caused this man, one of those wealthiest individuals, to be investigated for tax fraud by the Roosevelt administration. For ten points, name this Secretary of the Treasury under Calvin Coolidge who, in honor of his father, created an Institute of Industry which merged with a school named for Andrew Carnegie.

Andrew W. Mellon BONUS: Like Henry Clay Frick and this man, Andrew Mellon served as director of Pittsburgh National Bank of Commerce. This man served as Attorney General and Secretary of State. ANSWER: Philander C. Knox Page 4 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2015-2016 Bowl V Semifinals and JV Finals

(4) Members of this group are thought to be behind the killing of the undersheriff Osman Steele. Handbills sent out by members of this group called for people to "Awake! Arouse!" A doctor and leading member of this group went by the name Big Thunder. (+) Smith Boughton, another leader of this group, was prosecuted by state attorney general John van Buren after these people rioted against the patroonship system that had allowed for the vastness of (*) Stephen Van Rensselaer III's estate. Governor Silas Wright lost his re-election campaign in 1846 after calling the military against, for the points, what group in upstate New York in the 1840s that revolted against about the back collection of their tenant debts?

Anti-Rent Party (accept Anti-Renters; accept Anti-Rent Movement; accept Anti-Rent War) Page 1 NHBB Nationals Bee 2016-2017 Bee Final Round - Varsity

(3) In an attempt to turn back liberal reforms, this man adopted the Plan of Cuernavaca, which culminated in this man gaining dictatorial power. Florencio Villarreal plotted the removal of this man, who surrendered one war via the Treaty of Velasco. After this man was wounded in the Pastry War, he gave his leg a full military burial. This man was thwarted at the Battle of San Jacinto by Sam Houston a month after leading troops against a San Antonio mission defended by Davy Crockett. For ten points, name this Mexican general who opposed Texan independence at the Alamo.

Antonio L´opez de Santa Anna BONUS: This was the 1854 revolutionary plan devised by Florencio Villareal that sought to end Santa Anna's final dictatorship. ANSWER: Plan of Ayutla Page 3 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2015-2016 Bowl Round 7

(18) This landmass is the site of the southern terminus of an 800-mile-long, narrow-gauge railway whose construction was halted by World War I. One general from this region won the Battles of Hira and River to its north and the Battle of Chains within it. The Hejaz Railway runs through this peninsula, where the Rashiduns flourished. For the point, name this Middle Eastern peninsula whose land is dominated by a country led by the House of Saud.

Arabian Peninsula (accept Hejaz (Railway) before mentioned)

(9) After the Battle of Marathon, this man led the Antiochis troops that stayed behind to defend the battlefield, and served as archon eponymous the year after Marathon. This man, as strategos under Pausanias, also led Athenian hoplites at Plataea. This political opponent of Themistocles was recalled early from exile after his 482 BC ostracism; according to legend, he voted for himself in that ostracism election by signing an illiterate man's potshard. For ten points, name this popular Athenian statesman, nicknamed "the Just."

Aristides the Just Page 2 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2016-2017 Bowl Playoff Packet 7

(25) The third movement of this composer's Five Pieces for Orchestra passes the notes of a chord around the instruments of the orchestra, a technique he later called "Klangfarbenmelodie." [klang-far-benn-melody] A narrator depicts a scene from the title (+) ghetto in a work by this composer that ends with the chorus singing the Shema Yisroel. He also wrote a song cycle based on Albert Giraud poems that uses (*) sprechstimme [spresh-shtimmah], and he fled Nazi Germany after developing a technique that uses chromatic tone rows. For the points, name this composer of A Survivor from Warsaw and Pierrot Lunaire who developed the twelve-tone method of composition.

Arnold Schoenberg

(32) A building dedicated to this deity was burnt down by Herostratus, leading to mentioning Herostratus' name to be a crime punishable by death. This deity saved Iphigenia from being sacrificed to her and turned Actaeon into a stag for watching her bathe. This goddess killed the daughters of Niobe after Niobe insulted her mother, Leto. This goddess' The temple at Ephesus, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, was dedicated to, for the point, what virgin Greek goddess of the hunt and sister of Apollo?

Artemis

(9) This man's brother Johnnie agreed to serve an extra tour in Vietnam, allowing this man to win the 1968 US Open; due to his amateur status, he earned just $20 instead of the $14,000 prize. Jimmy Connors dropped a law suit against this man's organization shortly after he defeated Connors in the finals of Wimbledon in 1975. This man, who names the main stadium at Flushing Meadows, once said "AIDS killed my body, but racism is harder to bear." For ten points, name this African-American tennis star who died in 1993.

Arthur Robert Ashe, Jr

(11) This man allegedly used the skins of the vanquished generals Atoc and Hango as drums. This man provoked an attack by throwing a Bible to the ground in the presence of the friar Vincente de Valverde. He rose to power after winning the Battle of Quipaipan in the War of the Two Brothers against Huascar. This man was captured and ransomed for a room full of gold after Spanish conquistadors defeated him at Cajamarca. Francisco Pizzaro overthrew, for the point, what last Incan emperor?

Atahualpa

(28) A terror incident in this city prompted Turkish radio reporter Melih Uzunyol to have a heart attack while attempting to reach the scene. This city's Otherside Lounge, as well as a suburban clinic and targets in (+) Birmingham, were attacked for providing "abortion on demand," according to Eric Rudolph, who also used an ALICE military (*) backpack stuffed with pipe bombs for an attack initially blamed on Richard Jewell. For the points, name this city whose Centennial Park was bombed during the 1996 Summer Olympics.

Atlanta

(5) This leader's policies were based on research paper of Emilio Sanfuentes known as El Ladrillo, or "the brick." This leader used car bombing in Washington D.C. to elim nate the ambassador Orlando Letelier. The (+) Rettig Report investigated the excesses of this man and was compiled by his successor, Patricio Aylwin. This man's DINA secret police spearheaded the Operation (*) Condor campaign to disappear political dissidents, and he liberalized his economy with the help of the Chicago Boys. For ten points, name this CIA-backed Chilean dictator who overthrew Salvador Allende in 1973.

Augusto Pinochet

(35) Joe Hockey became this country's Ambassador to the United States in early 2016, having resigned as this country's treasurer in September 2015. The same month, Julie Bishop survived as Deputy Leader of this country's Liberal Party in its second leadership spill in seven months, which gave this country its fifth Prime Minister in five years. For the point, name this country, formerly led by Julia Gillard, where, in 2015, Malcolm Turnbull replaced Tony Abbott as Prime Minister.

Australia Page 7 NHBB Nationals Bee 2015-2016 Bee Round 3 Extra Question Only read if moderator botches a question.

(10) This country underwent an attempt at reform by a liberal cabinet known as the Bourgeois Ministry. The ten points articulated in the April Laws formed the basis of this country, which was formed by Gyula Andr´assy and Ferenc De´ak. Split into Cisleithania and Transleithania, it was governed by an Imperial Council and a Diet, with shared foreign policy and military. For ten points, name this Dual Monarchy of Central Europe that was created in 1867 and dissolved after World War I.

Austria Hungary BONUS: By the time World War I started, Austria-Hungary had one overseas holding: a small concession, less than a square kilometer in area, in this Chinese city. Almost 200 people were killed in a massive explosion in this port city in 2015. ANSWER: Tianjin

(12) Administration within this country was divided along the Leitha River as part of the Compromise of 1867, which sought to restore stability after its defeat by Prussia. The Treaty of Trianon helped dissolve this country, which was formed by the Ausgleich. Its rulers were described as "Imperial and Royal," emphasizing their pair of titles in this Dual Monarchy. For the point, name this country, ruled jointly from Budapest and Vienna until it dissolved after World War I.

Austria-Hungary (prompt on Dual Monarchy until mention; do not accept or prompt on Austria or Hungary alone)

(23) Petrarch described this city as a place "where all the muck of the universe collects." A trial overseen by a resident of this city centered on Guillaume de Nogaret's conflict with the author of the bull Unam Sanctam, Boniface VIII. Six elections were held in this city's Palais des Papes during a period alternately called the "Babylonian Captivity." For the point, name this French city which served as the residence of antipopes during the fourteenth-century Western Schism.

Avignon

(8) One monument from this empire was displayed at the Porta Capena as a spoil of war. Saint Frumentius is credited with Christianizing this empire, which accepted Muslim refugees in the First Hijrah. A major expansion of this empire occurred after it conquered the Himyarite Kingdom under Kaleb. This empire was conquered by Gudit, who established the Zagwe dynasty. The Ark of the Covenant was supposedly brought to the capital city of this empire, though more real artifacts of this empire include many stone stelae [steel-ay]. The Queen of Sheba supposedly lived in, for ten points, what early kingdom in what is now Ethiopia?

Axumite Kingdom (or Aksumite Kingdom; accept empire, etc. for kingdom)

(16) Jafar Pishevari led a Soviet-backed breakaway state of this ethnic group. In 2006, riots broke out after a political cartoon depicted a cockroach speaking to a child in the language of this ethnic group. The 366th CIS Regiment helped carry out the (+) Kholjay massacre against this ethnic group. This ethnic group dominates the city of Tabriz and is the largest minority group in Iran. This ethnic group's primary country fought the (*) Nagorno-Karabakh War with its neighbor, Armenia. For the point, name this Turkic ethnic group in the Caucasus whose members largely live in Baku.

Azeris (or Azerbaijanis)

(9) This man gave his sister Anna in marriage to Vladimir I in exchange for the Chersonesos military base in the Crimea. This man was ambushed at the Gates of Trajan after successfully relieving Sofia from siege. After his greatest success, this man allegedly blinded 99 out of every 100 prisoners he took, a sight that made rival king Samuel die of shock. For ten points, name this winner of the Battle of Kleidion, a Byzantine emperor known as the "Bulgar-slayer."

Basil II (or Basil the Bulgar Slayer before mentioned; accept Basileios II Basil the Porphyrogen tus, or Basil the Young; prompt on Basil)

(6) Lupicinus and Maximus lured the winning commander of this battle to a feast where they intended to kill him, but were killed instead after the cries of his men being slain made him realize it was a trap. In this battle, the losing side was unwilling to wait for (+) Gratian's reinforcements and were hastily slaughtered. Ammianus Marcellinus' history of the Roman Empire ends with the death of this battle's losing commander, who was succeeded in his position by (*) Theodosius I. For ten points, name this 378 battle in which the Gothic chieftain Fritigern crushed forces led by Valens.

Battle of Adrianople

(1) One commander at this battle allegedly strove to copy the Ottomans at Nicopolis in the manner he defended his flanks. This battle was preceded by the siege of Harfleur and resulted in the Treaty of (+) Troyes. One side in this battle defended its flanks with wooden stakes, though these could not prevent a raid on that side's baggage train. In a play, the Band of (*) Brothers speech is given by Henry V before this battle, in which one side's charge was hampered by muddy ground. Like Crecy, this battle reaffirmed the superiority of the longbow. For ten points, name this English victory on St. Crispin's Day in the 100 Years War.

Battle of Agincourt BONUS: In 1974, Chicago became the last city to repeal this type of law which had attempted to deal with "unsightly beggars" ANSWER: Ugly Laws

(3) At this battle, one side knelt in prayer in full view of enemy lines after favorable spy report from Alexander Seton enticed them to attack. The Earl of Hereford's nephew Henry de Bohun was beheaded in single combat at this battle. The Treaty of (+) EdinburghNorthampton was signed after this battle, fulfilling the goals of the prior Declaration of Arbroath. During this battle, Edward II's attempts to relieve (*) Stirling Castle were thwarted by the schiltrons of the successor of William Wallace. For ten points, name this 1314 battle, a victory for Robert the Bruce of Scotland.

Battle of Bannockburn

(35) Marshal Poniatowski's attempt to turn the enemy's left flank in this battle was barred by Tuchkov's division. Anatole Kuragin has a leg amputated after this battle, where (+) Andrei Bolkonsky commands a regiment and is mortally wounded by a cannonball. Pierre Bezhukov spends most of this battle in a battery at the (*) Raevsky Redoubt, and Mikhael Kutusov is described as being inactive during it. For the point, name this battle during Napol´eon's 1812 invasion of Russia, fought outside of Moscow and depicted in Tolstoy's War and Peace.

Battle of Borodino Page 8 NHBB Nationals Bee 2015-2016 Bee Final Round

(7) Before this battle, character claims that "the ransom of my bold attempt Shall be this cold corpse on the earth's cold face" should he die in combat. The night prior to this battle, man states "It is now (+) dead midnight. / Cold fearful drops stand on my trembling flesh. / What do I fear? Myself ?" after begin visited by a parade of vengeful ghosts who instruct him to despair and die. At this battle, the losing commander exclaims (*) "A horse! a horse! my kingdom for a horse!" For ten points, name this climactic Shakespearean battle in which Richard III is killed.

Battle of Bosworth Field

(4) In battle immediately preceding this one, Godemar of Foy was defeated by force that was able to capture the namesake white lined ford; that battle was the Battle of Blanchetaque, in which the Somme River was forded. Aymer (+) Rokesley is the only identified knight among the dead of one side during this battle. A Bohemian nobleman known as "Blind King John" was killed at this battle. A weapon used by the (*) Genoese was unable to load as fast as a similar device that attained prominence at this battle. The longbow helped the Edward III win, for ten points, what 1346 battle during the Hundred Years War?

Battle of Cr´ecy Page 10 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2016-2017 Bowl Playoff Packet 7

(5) The emperor's location during this battle was revealed after the defection of Taguchi Shigeyoshi. The losers of this battle name a type of crab which supposedly depict the faces of soldiers who died during it. During this battle, two of the Imperial Regalia were thrown into Straits of Shimonoseki along with the child Emperor Antoku. For ten points, name this 1185 naval battle in which the Minamoto defeated the Taira, ending the Genpei War.

Battle of Dan-no-ura Page 1 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2015-2016 Bowl V Finals

(10) This battle saw Pierre Langlais lead a group of officers nicknamed the "Paratrooper Mafia," who took charge of a force under the nominal command of Christian de Castries. Strongpoints Eliane and Gabrielle were overrun in this battle in which the defenders included many Foreign Legionnaires. The refusal to give military help, including the use of nuclear bombs, by the Eisenhower administration to the losing side in this battle led to a division at 17 degrees north, as well as the independence of Laos and Cambodia. For ten points, name this battle in which a French force was destroyed by the Vietnamese Communists, ending French control of Indochina.

Battle of Dien Bien Phu BONUS: This French artillery commander, ashamed for his inability to neutralize camouflaged enemy batteries, committed suicide with a hand grenade at the nadir of the battle. ANSWER: Charles Piroth

(5) One side in this battle could only call upon the Thracian after the remainder of its fleet withdrew to Singapore, though they benefited from the arrival of Canadian Force C. The St. Stephen's (+) College massacre was carried out by the victorious side in this battle, who managed to split enemy forces by capturing the Wong Nai Chung Gap near (*) Causeway Bay. On Black Christmas, governor Mark Young surrendered at the Peninsula Hotel in Kowloon to end, for ten points, what 1941 battle in which the Japanese seized a British-held island off the southern coast of China?

Battle of Hong Kong

(2) Charles Edwin Fripp's painting of this engagement depicts the 24th Regiment of Foot engaged in hand to hand combat at the foot of a smoke-obscured mountain. Lord Chelmsford's Second and Third Column were overrun in this battle by a "buffalo-horn" formation. Despite winning this battle, Cetshwayo refused to raid Natal in an attempt to prevent war. This battle was immediately followed by another, less successful engagement at Rorke's Drift. For the point, name this 1879 battle in which a British army was decisively defeated by the Zulu.

Battle of Isandlwana

(31) The victor of this battle wrote two commemorations of it, known as the "Poem" and the "Bulletin." The campaign leading up to this battle had been prompted by one side's capture of Amurru, and in its early stages, two Shashu spies informed the eventual winner that his enemy was encamped in Aleppo. The winner of this battle succeeded due to his composite bows and faster chariots, prompting the signing of the first recorded peace treaty. For the point, name this 1274 BC battle between Ramesses the Great and the Hittites.

Battle of Kadesh

(5) The poem "Zadonschina" wrongly catalogued the numerical strength of the two sides in this battle. This battle hung upon whether or not Mikhail Brenok could draw enough enemy fire. Jogaila failed to arrive in time for this battle that was preceded by the Battle of the Vozha. Oleg II of Ryazan proved to be a fickle ally in this battle that forced Mamai to retreat to Caffa. Though the victor of this battle became celebrated as "Donskoy," the outcome soon became irrelevant, as Toktamysh reimposed Golden Horde rule upon Dmitri of Moscow. For ten points, name this 1380 victory for the Russians in their quest to throw off Mongol rule.

Battle of Kulikovo BONUS: The Russian forces at Kulikovo were possibly inspired by the discovery of the remains of this leader, who ironically was a great friend of Sartaq Khan and died while visiting him at Sarai. ANSWER: Alexander Nevsky

(46) One side's plan for this battle was discovered by Rudolf Roessler, the head of the Lucy spy ring in Switzerland. Walther Model and Erich von Manstein were supposed to form a pincer around a salient in this battle, which was codenamed Operation Citadel by the Germans and constantly postponed so that more Panthers could reach the front, giving the Voronezh Front time to dig in at Prokhorovka. For the point, name this 1943 battle of the Eastern Front, the site of the largest tank engagement in history.

Battle of Kursk

(2) During this battle, an attack by Ulu¸c Ali [ool ooch Ali] succeeded in capturing the flag of the Knights of Malta. This battle was followed up by a peace treaty negotiated by Alvise I of Venice and a Spanish attack on Tunisia. In this battle, which came after the fall of the Cypriot stronghold of Famagusta, galleasses proved effective against a fleet of galleys led by Ali Pasha. For the point, name this decisive 1571 naval battle in which Don John led a European alliance to defeat an Ottoman incursion into the Mediterranean.

Battle of Lepanto

(7) While retreating from this battle, Eleazer Wheelock Ripley was blamed for losing a stock of guns and Bridgewater Mills was burned down. A likely American victory in this battle was lost after a water shortage forced troops to go to Chippawa. Gordon Drummond, who replaced Phineas Raill, was wounded and captured at this battle. Both American commanders in this battle, Jacob Brown and Winfield Scott, were injured and halted their advance into Upper Canada and retreated to Fort Erie. For ten points, name this battle near Niagara Falls, the bloodiest battle in modern-day Canada, during the War of 1812.

Battle of Lundy's Lane (accept Battle of Niagara Falls before mentioned) BONUS: The Canadian song "The Maple Leaf Forever" quotes that "our brave fathers" were "side by side" at this battle and Lundy's Lane. Isaac Brock died at this battle on the Niagara Escarpment. ANSWER: Battle of Queenston Heights Page 5 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2015-2016 Bowl V Semifinals and JV Finals

(1) One side in this battle halted fire due to a miscommunication about the remaining ammunition; to maintain morale, that side informed its men that the pause was to have breakfast. The direction "you may fire when you are ready, Gridley" was given to begin this battle. In this battle, George Dewey's U.S. fleet lost one sailor to heatstroke and sunk 8 Spanish ships. For ten points, name this May 1, 1898 battle of the Spanish-American War, fought in the harbor of the Philippine capital city.

Battle of Manila Bay (do not prompt on Manila alone)

(28) Prior to this battle, a case of dermatitis sidelined a leader of the eventual winning side. Raymond Spruance and Frank Fletcher teamed up in this battle, which occurred at objective AF, as the breaking of JN-25b predicted. On the second day of this battle, the carriers Akagi and Hiryu sank, though it resulted in the decommissioning of the USS Yorktown. For the point, name this battle in which Chester Nimitz halted Isoroku Yamamoto's advance, turning the momentum of the Pacific Theater.

Battle of Midway

(1) During this battle, Simon Bo var Buckner was killed by an explosion that sent coral into his body. Underage children were drafted into the Iron and Blood Imperial Corps in preparation for this battle. The battleship (+) Yamato was sunk in this battle, which was nicknamed the "typhoon of steel" due to the heavy incidence of kamikaze attacks. During this battle, one side launched Operation Iceberg in an attempt to gain a (*) base of operations for the invasion of the Japanese mainland. For ten points, name this 1945 battle in the Ryukyu Islands in the conclusion of the Allied island hopping campaign.

Battle of Ok nawa

(11) Morale dropped shortly before this battle when a stray artillery shell damaged the tomb of a former leader who had been replaced by Abdullah al-Taashi. One side in this battle divided its armies into units such as the "Black" and "Green" standards, while the other side used flotilla fire and (+) Maxim guns to provide support to Hector MacDonald's beleaguered regiments. Winston Churchill's The River War recounts how, in this battle, (*) Herbert Kitchener ordered the 21st Lancers to make a decisive charge. For ten points, name this 1898 battle between British and followers of Muhammad Ahmad, who claimed to be the Mahdi, fought in the Sudan.

Battle of Omdurman

(5) The Yorkist pretender Richard de la Pole died during this battle. Another commander killed in this battle, Francois de Lorraine, commanded a group of Landsknechts known as the Black Band. The losing ruler in this battle is misquoted as saying "All is lost save honor" in a letter to his mother Louise of Savoy. Charles de Lannoy commanded the winning side in this battle, where one ruler was forced to give up his country's claim to Italy in the Treaty of Madrid. For ten points, name this 1525 battle in which Francis I was captured by forces under Charles V, fought just south of Milan.

Battle of Pavia BONUS: At an earlier Battle of Pavia, Charlemagne defeated what last king of the Lombards? ANSWER: Desiderius

(5) Early in this battle, Alfred Henderson's scouts were forced back from the Oscarberg Hill. In this battle, after William Stevenson withdrew from the cattle kraal, John Chard gave the order to assemble a perimeter with cornmeal bags. Eleven Victoria Crosses were awarded to the defenders of this battle, the most a regiment has ever received at one time. For ten points, name this battle in which 140 British troops successfully defended a hospital from an attack by Zulu forces, fought on the same day as the Zulu victory at the Battle of Isandlwana.

Battle of Rorke's Drift Page 1 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2016-2017 Bowl Playoff Packet 4

(1) In this battle, the XII Corps [twelfth "core"] under Barthelemy Lebrun blocked off several streets in Bazeilles [bah zay uh] During this battle, cavalry charge on the town of Floing injured General Margueritte, and command passed to General (+) Ducrot [do crow] after one commander was wounded. The Army of Chˆalons under MacMahon attacked the Third Army and Army of the Meuse in this battle, in which (*) Chassepot [shass poh] rifles and Krupp artillery were used. General von Moltke won this battle, sealing enemy forces in Metz and capturing Napoleon III. For ten points, name this decisive battle of the Franco-Prussian War.

Battle of Sedan

(1) The short silent film The Last Cartridges depicts an incident in this battle in which Arsene Lambert's men defended a retreat from within a house in Bazeilles [bah-zay]. In this battle, Alexandre (+) Ducrot [do-crow] took over command from the injured Marshal MacMahon. Having lost this battle, the Army of Chˆalons [sha-lone] was prevented from relieving the Siege of (*) Metz and the losing emperor was captured. Helmuth von Moltke led the victorious army in, for the point, what decisive battle in which Napoleon III was captured and his Second French Empire was overthrown?

Battle of Sedan

(1) At this battle, the winning side assembled a line of 50 artillery pieces between Dill and Tilghman branches. In this battle, a march toward River Road was conducted by Lew Wallace to avoid facing the enemy from the rear. After facing heavy casualties on one day during this battle, the Union commander said "Lick em' tomorrow, though." Albert Sidney Johnston was killed during this battle, in which Union forces defended an encampment called Pittsburg Landing. For ten points, name this 1862 Civil War victory for Grant in Tennessee.

Battle of Shiloh (accept Battle of Pittsburg Landing before mentioned) BONUS: Heavy fighting during the Battle of Shiloh took place at this position near a sunken road. Possibly a dozen Confederate charges on this position over seven hours eventually forced Benjamin Prentiss to surrender, but it allowed Grant crucial time to set up his defenses. ANSWER: Hornet's Nest (prompt on Sunken Road if given before mentioned)

(9) One commander in this battle stationed himself at the easily targeted Sultan Ibrahim building, knowing that the other side wasn't brave enough to blow it up. Force Z was destroyed prior to this battle. The Alexandra (+) Hospital massacre took place during this battle, where ANZAC troops were led by Gordon Bennett. After losing the Kranji River, a meeting at Fort Canning convinced one side to surrender, leading to what (*) Winston Churchill called the "worst disaster" and "largest capitulation" of British soldiers in history. Arthur Percival was the loser of, for ten points, what February 1942 battle for control of a major Allied base off the Malay Peninsula?

Battle of Singapore

(5) The losing side in this battle retreated to a series of forts called the Quadrilateral. Ludwig von Benedek rose to prominence in this battle while defending San Martino, and this battle prompted the Armistice of (+) Villafranca. This battle was the last in history to witness both sides being led into combat by their monarchs. Jean-Henri Dunant was present at this battle, which was so horrific it prompted him to lay the groundwork for the Geneva Convention and the International (*) Red Cross. For ten points, name this 1859 battle in Lombardy, a victory for Napoleon III and Sardinia against Franz Joseph I's Austrian empire.

Battle of Solferino

(4) One side at this battle had landed at Arzila. This battle took place by the Loukkos river, and Thomas Stukley was killed via cannonball early in this battle. One side was encouraged to fight this battle after successes at Mazagan and Tangier, and Ahmed al-Mansur rose to prominence after this battle. This battle occurred after Abu Abdallah requested aid against the Ottoman-backed Abd al-Malik. It spawned the myth that the slain king Sebastian would one day return to lead his people. For ten points, name this 1578 victory for Morocco over Portugal that ended the Aviz dynasty.

Battle of Three Kings (or the Battle of Ksar El Kebir or Battle of Oued el Makhazaeen) BONUS: Following the defeat at Alcacerquibir, Portugal was placed under the rule of this Habsburg monarch. The Duke of Alba helped this monarch pacify Portuguese resistance. ANSWER: Philip II

(5) A telegram sent prior to this battle noted "Weather today fine, but high waves." To avoid capture after this battle, the crew of the Nikolai I scuttled her on Dokdo Island. At the end of this battle, Admiral Nebogatov surrendered rather than doom his 2,000-plus sailors; regardless, his fleet had lost six battleships and twenty-eight other ships in a single day after eight months of sailing from the Baltic Sea. Admiral Togo "crossed the Russian T" at, for the point, what decisive May 1905 battle that essentially ended the Russo-Japanese War?

Battle of Tsushima Strait(s) Page 1 NHBB Nationals Bee 2016-2017 Bee Round 4

(6) The winning commander in this battle had been called out of retirement to fight by Candarli Halil. The idea that it was lawful to break treaties with heretics helped Julian Cesarini convince one side to fight this battle. Ladislaus the (+) Posthumous ascended to the throne following this battle that was preceded by the violation of the Peace of (*) Szeged, and Wladyslaw III of Poland was killed in this battle. This battle was the culmination of the Long Campaign. For ten points, name this battle between Janos [yan-osh] Hunyadi's Hungarians and Murad II near the Black Sea in 1444.

Battle of Varna

(3) The Ypiranga attempted to deliver weapons to the target city on the day of this event, which led to the crew being detained. This event's resolution was moderated by the ABC Powers at (+) Niagara Falls. This two-day event resulted in over 50 Medals of Honor being awarded; one of those was the first given to Smedley Butler, who tried to return it. In the prelude to this event, several sailors were arrested by (*) Victoriano Huerta's forces in the Tampico Affair. For ten points, name this 1914 event in which the United States invaded a Mexican port city.

Battle of Veracruz (accept Occupation of Veracruz)

(6) Prior to this battle, Tychaeus's cavalry provided reinforcements, but fled during the fighting. A bloody stalemate at this battle was broken by the return of forces under Gaius Laelius and Masinissa. The victor's plans for this battle were opposed in the Senate by Fabius Maximus. The loser had earlier defeated Gaius Flaminius at Trasimene and Paullus and Varro at Cannae. For ten points, name this victory by Scipio Africanus over Hannibal, the final battle of the Second Punic War.

Battle of Zama

(2) This man supposedly turned down offers of mercy from Mircea before his army was destroyed at Rovine by the Wallachians. The Crusade of Nicopolis was called against this man after he initiated the first siege of (+) Constantinople in 1394. This man allegedly killed himself by smashing his head against a metal cage after he was captured. He took power when Milos Obilic assassinated Murad I at (*) Kosovo Field, though he was later defeated at the Battle of Ankara by Tamerlane. For ten points, name this Ottoman sultan whose quick military victories granted him the epithet of Thunderbolt.

Bayezid I (or Bayezid the Thunderbolt)

(3) A speech during this event concluded "We are robbers, or we must be conquerors!" Ezekiel Merritt helped organize this event, at which Henry Ford led troops to victory at the Battle of Ol´umpali. In the aftermath of this event, William Todd used blackberry juice to create (+) design on a piece of brown cloth. William Ide created a manifesto during this event, which included the capture of (*) Sonoma. In its aftermath, many members ended up joining a John Fremont-led battalion to fight in the Mexican-American War. For ten points, name this 1846 revolt against the Mexican government in California.

Bear Flag Revolt

(10) One member of this family led a team to analyze the unequal ways that the Encyclopedia Britannica treated women in its entries. The most famous member of this family wrote a 1913 book arguing that the Founding Fathers were strongly motivated by a desire to protect their property and financial standings. Two members of this family collaborated on The Rise of American Civilization, and another wrote An Economic Interpretation of the Constitution. For ten points, name this family of historians Mary and Charles.

Beard (accept Ritter before "Founding Fathers") Page 2 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2015-2016 Bowl V Finals

(27) This city was rebuilt with a pavilion called the Drum Tower at its center. A group based in this city won the War of the Two Capitals when it was known as Khanbaliq. The Summer Palace was built in this city by the Jin Dynasty. This city became the northern terminus of the Grand Canal in the 7th century. The Yongle Emperor moved his capital here, and his son failed to move the capital back to Nanjing. The site of the Forbidden Palace is, for the point, what modern capital of China?

Beijing (or Peking; accept Dadu; accept Khanbaliq before mentioned) Page 5 NHBB A-Set Bee 2016-2017 Bee Round 2

(3) In response to criticism of this country's human rights record, that leader responded "it is better to be a dictator than to be gay." In a 2007 radio broadcast, this country's leader blamed Jews for "turning the city of (+) Babruysk into a pigsty." This country's capital city is the namesake of two failed ceasefire agreements over the conflict in Eastern (*) Ukraine. In March 2017, protests erupted in this country over a newly introduced "social parasite tax." For the points, name this country ruled by Alexander Lukashenko from Minsk.

Belarus

(2) This composer's opera about the relationship between the Earl of Essex and the title queen was premiered for the coronation of Queen Elizabeth II. This composer of Gloriana dedicated the rebuilt Coventry Cathedral with a piece that set several Wilfred Owen poems, and excerpted Four Sea Interludes from an opera based on a George Crabbe poem whose title character was premiered by his partner Peter Pears. For ten points, name this 20th Century English composer of the War Requiem and Peter Grimes

Benjamin Britten BONUS: Britten's War Requiem includes the tenor aria "What passing bells," a setting of this Wilfred Owen poem. Siegfried Sassoon edited this poem in a World War I hospital. ANSWER: Anthem for Doomed Youth

(18) In one essay, this man proposed a four-hour workday in order to reduce unemployment and increase leisure time among the masses. This philosopher attacked the modern institution of marriage as "behind the times" since the advent of contraception. This author of Marriage and Morals and In Praise of Idleness hypothesized an imaginary, floating teapot in a thought experiment meant to shift the burden of proof in debates on the existence of God. With Alfred North Whitehead, this man wrote a definitive three-volume work on the foundations of math. For the point, name this British philosopher and co-author of a 20th century Principia Mathematica.

Bertrand (Arthur William) Russell

(3) In the aftermath of this event, the suspect Nur Pashi Kulayev was interrogated on Channel One. One side in this event was led by man codenamed "Polkovnik." Officials claimed that note and tape cassette from this event were empty because Shamil Basayev had made no demands. In this event, Shmel rockets and T 72 tanks were used by the Spetsnaz, leading to the (+) deaths of 300 people, many in a gymnasium. This event began on Knowledge Day with the capture of over 1,000 hostages. (*) Vladimir Putin was criticized for his handling of and response to, for ten points, what 2004 event in which a North Ossetian school was captured by Chechen terrorists?

Beslan school hostage crisis and/or siege (accept Beslan massacre and other descriptions that use the name; prompt on descriptive answers)

(10) Goran Goransson's improved converter for this process made it more efficient. This procedure was invented almost at the same time as its more common namesake inventor by William Kelly. Before this procedure was invented, a time-consuming process called cementation had to be used. A variation on this process that uses a basic lining to remove phosphorous was developed by Sidney Gilchrist Thomas. This process involves blowing air onto molten iron, thus removing impurities. For ten points, name this process that sharply decreased the cost of steel production.

Bessemer process (accept Gilchrist-Thomas process before read) Page 2 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2015-2016 Bowl V Quarterfinals and JV Semifinals

(3) This politician's brother, Erik Prince, founded the private military firm Academi, originally named Blackwater. In a Congressional hearing, this politician was mocked for praising guns for defense in case of bear attacks. Susan Collins and Lisa Murkowski crossed party lines to vote against this figure's confirmation, requiring the tie to be broken by Mike Pence. For ten points, name this proponent of charter schools and current US Secretary of Education.

Betsy DeVos BONUS: DeVos was slammed in February for claiming that these institutions were "real pioneers of school choice." A visit by leaders of these institutions to the Oval Office was marked by images of Kellyanne Conway using her phone while kneeling on a sofa. ANSWER: histor cally black colleges and/or universities (accept HBCs, HBUs, or HBCU prompt on descriptive answers that don't use the phrase "historically black"; prompt on partial answers, including "schools") Page 3 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2016-2017 Bowl Round 10

(5) Joe Gedeon attempted to earn a reward by exposing this scandal, but because he knew in advance and came forward after it finished, he was punished instead. Eddie Cicotte [see-cot] was one of the few participants in this event to admit his involvement. Though Buck Weaver did not participate, his failure to turn in the perpetrators earned him equal punishment from (+) Kenesaw Mountain Landis. Arnold Rothstein probably organized this scandal, which provided $5,000 to (*) Shoeless Joe Jackson. For ten points, name this gambling scandal that resulted in the Cincinnati Reds having no trouble winning the 1919 World Series.

Black Sox scandal (accept descriptions of "the Chicago White Sox intentionally losing the World Series", with "World Series" not required in the description after it's mentioned; prompt if just "Chicago" is given for the team involved; prompt on "fixing the World Series")

(2) Despite being present when this event occurred, Bernadette Devlin was barred from speaking about it by Selwyn Lloyd and later slapped Reginald Maulding for his comments concerning it. The Saville inquiry concerning this event refuted much of what had been said about it in the original (+) Widgery Tribunal. An iconic image of this event shows Father Edward Daly desperately trying to bring Jackie Duddy to safety. Members of "1 (*) Para" were responsible for this event, in which 14 people were mortally shot in the Bogside area of Derry. For ten points, name this 1972 massacre in Northern Ireland.

Bloody Sunday (prompt on the Troubles)

(8) Yegor Ligachev's insults prompted this man to write resignation letter; well after, Ligachev famously noted that this man "was wrong." In an attempt to avoid enriching his country's mafia and bureaucrats, this leader implemented voucher system to sell (+) state-run enterprises, but most people sold their vouchers off. This man agreed to the Belavezha Accords, establishing the Commonwealth of (*) Independent States. In 1991, this man stood on top of a tank to denounce a revolt led by the KGB, shortly before he replaced Mikhail Gorbachev in power. For ten points, name this first post-Soviet President of Russia.

Boris Yeltsin Page 10 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2016-2017 Bowl Round 8 Extra Question Only read if you need a backup or tiebreaker!

(9) During this war, Scott O'Grady was rescued after being shot down while maintaining a no-fly-zone in Operation Deny Flight. One side in this war was supported by the White Eagles and Arkan's Tigers. The Heliodrom prisoner camp was set up in this war, in which Operation Storm became the largest European battle since World War II. Under the leadership of Ratko Mladic [m'lah-ditch], the VRS and the Scorpions perpetrated the Srebrenica [sreh-breh-nee-tzah] massacre in this war. The Dayton Peace Accords ended, for ten points, what 1992-95 Yugoslavian war that broke out after an independent country was established at Sarajevo?

Bosnian War

(34) During the Korean War, Walter Brown prevented Koreans from entering this event. The 1967 iteration of this event featured K.V. Switzer, whose number 261 was snatched at by event director Jock Semple; Kathrine Switzer became the first women to officially complete this event, though Bobbi Gibb did so unofficially the year prior. In 1980, Rosie Ruiz cheated to "win" this event, which is traditionally held on Patriots' Day in April and ends at a Boylston Street finish line. For the point, name this annual race that, in 2013, was the site of a terrorist bombing.

Boston Marathon

(29) A controversy involving this man arose after retired serviceman Tim Terpak was honored at a New York Rangers game. In an interview in Stars and Stripes magazine, this man claimed not to have heard that three Chinooks were actually an hour ahead of him. In Febraury 2015, he retracted his false claims about having been in a helicopter that was hit by an RPG in Iraq. For the point, name this journalist who was replaced by Lester Holt, a decade after this man replaced Tom Brokaw as anchor of NBC Nightly News.

Brian Williams

(12) Victims of this event were briefly brought to the Metropole, until it was evacuated for fear of a second attack. The warning "We only have to be lucky once; you will have to be lucky always" followed this event. Despite taking place at nearly 3 AM, the target of this event was awake and uninjured, giving a scheduled speech 5 hours later. Sir Anthony Berry and four others died in this event, which blew a large hole in the Grand Hotel. For ten points, name this October 1984 terrorist attack that failed to kill Margaret Thatcher.

Brighton hotel bombing BONUS: The perpetrator of the Brighton bombing, Patrick Magee, was released from prison as a result of what agreement? ANSWER: Good Friday Agreement

(8) This region' s mythology distinguished between nains and korrigan, who were said to be the spirits of druids who had opposed Christianity. Morvach was the horse of one king in this modern-day region, who could spit fire and gallop across the sea. That king was convinced by Saint (+) Winwaloe to push his daughter Dahut into the sea after escaping a city she doomed by having an affair with the Devil. That man was King (*) Gradlon, and this region's city of Ys [EES] will rise from the sea when Paris is destroyed. For ten points, name this Celtic region in northwestern France with modern capital at Rennes.

Brittany Page 11 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2015-2016 Bowl Round 13

(25) In a novel, people working on this project are painted by a watercolor artist nicknamed Rabbit and are treated by the doctor Dorrigo Evans. Colonel Saito is tasked with the construction of a portion of this project in a novel in which Colonel (+) Nicholson refuses to work on it because he is an officer. Labor conditions on this project are central to Richard Flanagan's novel (*) Narrow Road to the Deep North and to a novel by Pierre Boulle. For the points, name this project that included The Bridge over the River Kwai and which brutally employed captured British POWs during World War II.

Burma Railway (accept synonyms, like Burma Railroad; prompt on partial answers; prompt on Bridge Over the River Kwai before mentioned; do not accept or prompt on Burma Road)

(18) Robert Guiscard ended this empire's presence in Apulia by capturing Bari. A princess of this empire married Vladimir of Rus' after his conversion to Christianity, while another described political intrigue in the Alexiad. This empire's split over the practice of iconoclasm was ended by its Empress Irene. This empire's defeat at Manzikert while defending Asia Minor led to the rise of Alexios I and the call for the First Crusade. For the point, name this Orthodox empire centered at Constantinople.

Byzantine Empire (or Eastern Roman Empire)

(12) The United Kingdom deployed its National Barrier Asset to this city in July 2015, and a football match between Kurds and Afghans in 2002 in this city's Sangatte camp resulted in riots. Natacha Bouchart, the mayor of this city, threatened to (+) block its port in 2014 after the P&O docks were stormed. In March 2016, the southern half of a refugee camp derisively called "The Jungle" in this city was demolished. The (*) Eurostar tunnel is a popular route for migrants attempting to cross into Great Britain from, for ten points, what northern French city on the Strait of Dover?

Calais Page 13 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2015-2016 Bowl V Semifinals and JV Finals Extra Question Only read if you need a backup or tiebreaker!

(1) This man rose to his highest post after impressing the queen by staking all his money at the gambling table and winning. In order to check the power of Austria, this man formed the League of the (+) Rhine, and he helped end one conflict with Spain in the Peace of the Pyrenees. This man, who advised Anne of Austria in his early years, helped negotiate the Peace of Westphalia and managed to secure (*) Alsace for his country. Children's slings were used in a revolt against this man known as the Fronde. For ten points, name this French cardinal and advisor of Louis XIV.

Cardinal Mazarin BONUS: The Maori perform what type of warlike dance, as done by the New Zealand rugby team in honor of Jonah Lomu at his funeral? ANSWER: haka

(3) This man was appointed to lead a foreign intervention in the November Uprising after August von Gneisenau died of cholera, though this man later died of cholera, too. This man described a "fascinating trinity" made up of violence, chance, and subordination and, while discussing decision making in the face of uncertain circumstances, coined the term "fog of war." This man noted that "War is the continuation of politics by other means" in his most famous work. For ten points, name this 19th century Prussian commander, the author of On War

Carl von Clausewitz BONUS: Clausewitz was taken prisoner in this set of twin battles, a disastrous October 1806 defeat for Prussia that opened Berlin to the French. ANSWER: Battle(s) of Jena Auerstadt (prompt if only one is given by saying "I need both") Page 3 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2016-2017 Bowl Playoff Packet 3

(4) A section of this movement broke off under the leadership of Ram´on Nocedal Romea to form the Integrists. They were opposed by regiments known as the chapelgorris and signed the (+) Eliot Convention to regulate the treatment of prisoners. Members of this movement supported the Count of Molina and the system of autonomy known as the (*) fueros. It opposed the reign of Isabel II and eventually joined with the Falangist party. For ten points, name this 19th and 20th century movement to restore a branch of the House of Bourbon to the throne of Spain.

Carlist movement (accept word forms like Carlism; prompt on descriptive answers relating to the final sentence before mentioned) Page 1 NHBB Nationals Weekend Extras 2016-2017 Emergency Questions

(5) Finnbhennach was killed by the central figure of this conflict. 20th century loyalists invented the idea that one man in this conflict was left tied to a post to die. This event began after pillowtalk prompted a (+) jealous wife to become richer than her husband. One side in this conflict was led by a student of Scathach who (*) slept for three days, then arose as a horrible monster and devastated the Connacht army. For ten points, name this event in which Ailill and Queen Medb [maive] fought against Cu Chulainn in an attempt to steal a brown bull, a mythical "raid" in Ulster.

Cattle Raid of Cooley (or Tain bo Cuailnge)

(8) One head of this organization drafted the Worldwide Attack Matrix, and its predecessor was led by "Wild Bill" Donovan. This organization's Sidney Gottlieb gave people LSD in Project MKULTRA. The downfalls of Jacobo Arbenz and Mohammed Mossadegh were orchestrated by this organization, which operated an aircraft whose pilot refused to use a suicide pill after crashing near Yekaterinburg. Gary Powers flew a U-2 plane for, for the point, what U.S. government agency that succeeded the OSS in its mission of spying on foreign powers?

Central Intelligence Agency

(1) The first holder of this position previously chaired a conference regarding rights to seal hunting between the U.S. and Britain and served in the Japanese Famine Relief Committee; that man was Charles Sumner (+) Hamlin. According to The Age of Turbulence, another holder of this post was highly influenced by Ayn Rand. A 21st century holder of this post explained that "The (*) Great Moderation" has reduced volatility in business cycles due to a decrease in bank oversight. For ten points, name this post, once held by Alan Greenspan and Ben Bernanke and currently held by Janet Yellen, that oversees the U.S. banking system.

Chairperson of the Federal Reserve (System) (accept Chairman and/or Chairwoman of the Fed; prompt on "Chair" alone) BONUS: What legendary founded of the Xia dynasty stopped the great flood? ANSWER: Yu the Great

(5) This ruler placed Chlotar IV on the throne of Austrasia after winning the Battle of Vincy. This leader came to power after defeating the Neustrians under King Chilperic II and Ragenfrid at the Battle of (+) Ambl`eve [AM blev]. In this leader's most famous victory, enemy forces believed their loot was being raided and thus retreated; that victory occurred when he came to the aid of Odo, Duke of Aquitaine, against (*) Abd al-Rahman near Poitiers [pwah tee ay]. For ten points, name this Frankish Mayor of the Palace, victor at the Battle of Tours, and grandfather of Charlemagne.

Charles Martel (or Charles the Hammer; prompt on Charles)

(2) This man successfully defeated an ambush at the Battle of the Boarn, killing the Frisian king Poppo. In one battle, this man sent scouts to free prisoners from the enemy camp, leading to a full-scale retreat by the enemy, believing their plunder was being stolen. After Odo of Aquitaine was defeated at the Battle of the Garonne River, he requested military aid from this man. In his most famous victory, this man used infantry squares to repel repeated cavalry charges ordered by Abd al-Rahman, stopping the Umayyad advance into Europe. For ten points, name this Frankish leader who won the Battle of Tours.

Charles Martel (or Charles the Hammer; prompt on Charles) BONUS: From 715 onwards, Charles Martel held what position, the administrator of the household of the king? In reality, these officials held real power while the "do-nothing kings" were king in name only. ANSWER: mayors of the palace (or major domus; or majordomo; or major palatii)

(7) Timothy Tackett suggested this man was the biological father of Eugene Delacroix. He proposed a plan to partition a newly-independent Belgium. This man attended the Estates-General as Bishop of Autun, but proposed the Civil Constitution of the Clergy officially rendering the Catholic Church inferior to the French government. In his highest post, this man criticized the harsh demands of the Treaties of Pressburg and Tilsit, eventually resigning. For the point, name this foreign minister of Napol´eon who represented France at the Congress of Vienna.

Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-P´erigord

(8) This man had quicklime thrown into his eye during speech at Castlecomer. The loan dispensing Ashborne Treaty was reputedly passed by Lord Salisbury to gain the support of this man. Though his name was cleared from the (+) Phoenix Park murders after a Richard Pigott letter proved to be a forgery, he lost his influence after the public discovered his affair with Kitty O'Shea. This man worked with William (*) Gladstone to sign the Treaty of Kilmainham, ending an agrarian conflict prompted by his Land League. For ten points, name this nationalist leader of the Home Rule League who is remembered in Ireland on Ivy Day.

Charles Stewart Parnell Page 11 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2016-2017 Bowl Playoff Packet 8

(5) In a Jakob Seisenegger painting, this ruler is depicted with high white stockings and a massive white dog nuzzling his side. Other than an ungloved hand, this ruler wears all black with a flat black cap in a seated portrait which clearly shows his underbite. An equestrian painting of this rule shows him and his horse with red plumes, bursting out of a forest with dark clouds behind him, and that painting celebrates his victory at the Battle of Muhlberg. For ten points, name this Holy Roman Emperor depicted in many portraits by Titian.

Charles V (accept Charles I; accept Portrait of Charles V with a Dog; accept Portrait of Charles V; accept Equestrian Portrait of Charles V) BONUS: Titian also painted this pope in two portraits hunched over in his chair wearing a red cap and cloak. This pope was born Alessandro Farnese and called the Council of Trent. ANSWER: Paul III Page 4 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2015-2016 Bowl V Finals

(7) In March 2016, this organization noted that "Tariq Ramadan is never going to grab a Kalashnikov" in an editorial that laments the retreat of secularism. That editorial blamed bakers who refuse to sell ham for their role in the (+) Brussels attacks, which this organization called "the visible part of a very large iceberg." G´erard Biard [bee-arhd] is the (*) editor-in-chief of this organization, for which Jean Cabut [zhan ka-boo] and St´ephane Charbonnier [steff-ahn sharb-ohn-ee-ay] worked as cartoonists until a January 2015 attack. The editorial "How did we end up here?" was published by, for ten points, what satirical French newspaper?

Charlie Hebdo

(1) The speaker of this oration defended his wife by noting that she was born on St. Patrick's Day, and the Irish never quit. A "two-year-old Oldsmobile" and loans from Riggs Bank were recounted in this speech, which was a response to concerns that a fund used to reimburse its speaker for travel expenses was a source of corruption. Its speaker noted that Pat did not have a mink coat, but that his children loved the central figure and would be keeping it. For the point, name this 1952 televised speech by Richard Nixon, named for the cocker spaniel he intended to keep.

Checkers speech (accept descriptions of the Nixon Fund speech before "fund" is read)

(2) A member of this Native American tribe, Stand Watie, led an attack on the supply ship J.R. Williams. Major Ridge was part of a triumvirate of leaders of this tribe and was among the signatories of the Treaty of New Echota, which provided for this tribe's westward migration. A syllabary for this tribe's language was developed by Sequoyah. For the point, name this one of the "Five Civilized Tribes" that settled in the Oklahoma Territory after being forced westward in the Trail of Tears.

Cherokee

(5) An ancient landslide that temporarily dammed this river is known in Native American legends as the Bridge of the Gods, and occurred near its present-day Bonneville Lock and Dam. A fishing community along its Celio Falls was disrupted by the construction of a dam at The Dalles, and its longest tributary flows past Idaho Falls and Boise. The Snake River flows into, for ten points, what river that forms part of the border between Washington and Oregon?

Columbia River BONUS: This other tributary of the Columbia, which flows past Salem and Eugene, drains a fertile valley that was sought by pioneers who traveled the Oregon Trail. ANSWER: Willamette River

(23) This event was nearly derailed until the creation of a namesake part of Poland and the Province of Saxony. Spain was the lone member of the "Big Eight" to not agree to the result of this event. The Holy Alliance was created by Tsar Alexander I to preserve the effects of this event, whose Final Act created borders that stayed largely the same for 40 years. Talleyrand was able to negotiate a strong place for France at this event, which was dominated by Klemens von Metternich. For the point, name this event that shaped Europe after the fall of Napoleon.

Congress of Vienna

(12) Milo Rowell and Courtney Whitney helped draft this document, which they imbued with New Deal-esque policies. This document's section on equality in marriage was written by Beate [bay AH tuh] Sirota, who was later targeted as a leftist infiltrator. This document was officially introduced under Article 73 of its predecessor to preserve continuity. Article 9 of this document necessitates the use of a "self-defense" force, as it prohibits war. The MacArthur Draft of this document originally called for a unicameral legislature. For the point, name this governing document that Shinzo Abe seeks to reform.

Constitution of Japan (accept Nihon Koku Kenpo

(42) One prefect of this region, Claude Erignac, ´ was assassinated by Yvan Colonna after he joined a group affiliated with the FLNC. Edmond Simeoni occupied a cave in this region in the Al´eria incident. Simeone's son (+) Gilles was elected as president of this region's executive council in a victory for his nationalist coalition in 2015. This region briefly existed as a republic after gaining its independence from (*) Genoa under the leadership of Pasquale Paoli, who would later fight against this region's annexation by France. Napol´eon was born on, for the point, what island due south of Genoa with capital at Ajaccio?

Corsica

(5) This man allegedly spared the town of Rothenburg after its mayor was able to drink 3.25 liters of wine. The term "magdeburgization" arose from an incident in which this man's troops pillaged Magdeburg. This man, who was killed crossing the (+) Lech River during the Battle of the Rain against the Swedes, gained notice for leading the Catholic League to victory at White Mountain. The Imperial army was led by (*) Albrecht von Wallenstein and this man, who was born Johann Tserclaes. For ten points, name this Bavarian commander of the Thirty Years War whose service granted him the title "count."

Count (of) Tilly (accept Johann Tserclaes before mentioned)

(45) The press's role in this scandal was lambasted by the political cartoon "Every Public Question With An Eye Only To The Public Good." This scandal was exposed when a set of incriminating letters were published by the New York Sun, which wanted to hinder a re-election campaign. A company led by Oakes Ames was at the center of this scandal, and officials implicated in it included the sitting Vice President, Schuyler Colfax. For the point, name this scandal in which a holding company financing the Union Pacific Railroad bribed Congressmen.

Credit Mobilier scandal Page 9 NHBB A-Set Bee 2016-2017 Bee Final Round

(3) Fighting in this war included the shelling of dockyards at Sveaborg. This conflict escalated when one side claimed the right to protect holy places in Palestine, and its immediate cause was the destruction of an Ottoman fleet in the Battle of Sinope [sin-oh-pee]. The Thin Red Line participated in the Battle of Balaclava, part of the effort to besiege Sevastopol during this war. The Light Brigade charged in, for the point, what 1850s war between Russia and a Franco-British alliance on a Black Sea peninsula?

Crimean War

(7) This proposal called for the ban on "personal liberty laws," which were used to circumvent the Fugitive Slave Act. A controversial part of this proposal banned Congress from later (+) amending its terms. Another part of this proposal sought to reverse the Nebraska-Kansas Act and guarantee the ban of slavery above the (*) 36-30 line. Abraham Lincoln was the main force behind the rejection of, for ten points, what last attempt at a compromise before slave states seceded from the Union, proposed by a Kentuckian member of the Know Nothing Party?

Crittenden Compromise

(8) A political cartoon made in response to this speech shows a red-caped anarchy behind a man wielding stolen regalia. Its speaker noted that "We come to speak for this broader class of businessman" as "the individual is but an (+) atom," and cried "We beg no longer, we entreat no more...We defy them!" This speech advocated a platform that included a (*) 16-to-1 exchange ratio, comparing the status quo to a "crown of thorns". For ten points, name this speech that sealed the 1896 Democratic nomination for William Jennings Bryan, who demanded that mankind not be "crucified" on the title object.

Cross of Gold speech

(17) Near the end of this event, a leader wrote that "You can be sure that we will resist with determination, whatever the case," noting that an attack was "almost imminent." The "Armageddon Letter" was written by Fidel Castro during this event, shortly before a concession to remove Jupiter installations from Turkey placated Nikita Khrushchev. In its aftermath, the Moscow-to-Washington hotline was created. For the point, name this event in which, over 13 days in October 1962, the Soviets and Americans nearly instigated a nuclear war over the deployment of Soviet nukes in the Caribbean.

Cuban Missile Crisis (accept October Crisis or Caribbean Crisis early; accept equivalents for crisis)

(3) A 1966 essay on this concept describes the "fearful obligation [...] to uphold the pillars of the temple with [a] frail white hand." Peterson's Magazine championed this concept, as did a competitor published by Louis Godey. Ruth Hall and other writings of Fanny Fern illustrate the ideals of this concept, which Barbara Welter described in four virtues, including piety, purity, and submissiveness. For ten points, name this 19th century system of moral values that emphasized the woman's sphere of influence in the home.

Culture of Domesticity (or culture of true womanhood before mentioned; accept word forms)

(10) The Zakerzonia colloquially referred to the area west of this line. A 1919-1921 war over disputes over this line was ended by the Peace of Riga, which gave one country almost 200 kilometers of land east of this line. At the (+) Yalta Conference, this line was formalized as one country's eastern border. This line was crossed from the east on September 17, (*) 1939 per the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact by the Red Army. For ten points, name this line demarcating the border between Poland and Russia, named after the Viceroy of India who drew it.

Curzon Line Extra Question Only read if you need a backup or tiebreaker!

(5) A Time magazine article titled "The Price of Optimism" sarcastically referred to this body of water as "some river" in the same year that Mayor Carl Stokes held a press conference on its shores. A 1969 article misleadingly used a 1952 photo of a destroyed tugboat on this river to support the claims that it was "chocolate-brown, bubbling with subsurface gases." It is best known for spurring numerous environmental laws after it caught on fire in June 1969. For ten points, name this Ohio river that feeds Lake Erie.

Cuyahoga River

(14) The fall of this country's leader, Anton´ın Novotn´y, led to the proposal of the Action Programme by the new government. Jan Palach committed self-immolation to protest an invasion of this country, where a set of reforms described as "Socialism with a human face" were introduced by Alexander Dubˇcek [doob-check]. The Civic Forum came to power under Vaclav Havel in this country after the Velvet Revolution. For the point, name this country that split apart in the 1993 Velvet Divorce and underwent the Prague Spring.

Czechoslovakia (do not accept or prompt on the Czech Republic or Slovakia)

(6) This philosopher once claimed that the best theologian that he had ever met was woman who refused to rescue him from bog until he claimed to be Christian. This man argued that time and (+) causality only appear linear to human beings because they are experienced in "constant conjunction." The necessary is pitted against the contingent in this man's namesake (*) "fork." This man used the "missing shade of blue" argument to refute the copy principle in his Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding. For ten points, name this Scottish empiricist and author of A Treatise of Human Nature

David Hume

(3) This man declared that "we should not emulate [Germany] only in armaments" in support of the National Insurance Act. This man advocated for war to protect national honor in his Mansion House Speech, given in response to the (+) Agadir Crisis. He heavily increased a land tax to fund welfare programs in his "People's Budget," and this leader's foreign minister advocated for the "establishment...of a national home of the (*) Jewish people" in the Balfour Declaration. For ten points, name this Welsh prime minister who led Britain through World War I.

David Lloyd George (prompt on George)

(8) In the aftermath of this event, Ken Salazar claimed it was his job to "keep the boot on the neck" of its perpetrator. The aftermath of this event involved extensive use of Corexit disperseants, which CEO Tony Hayward controversially claimed were used in quantities negligible in comparison to the "very big ocean." This event, which took place at the Macondo Prospect, killed 11 people and destroyed a facility leased to BP. For ten points, name this 2010 event, an explosion and ensuing oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico.

Deepwater Horizon oil spill disaster (accept Macondo blowout, oil spill, disaster, etc. before Macondo is said; prompt on BP (or British Petroleum) oil spill, disaster, etc. before BP is said) BONUS: Ken Salazar's quote came in his role as this Cabinet secretary. ANSWER: Secretary of the Interior

(6) The Simba uprising in this country ended with foreign intervention during Operation Dragon Rouge. Pierre Mulele was dismembered after being offered amnesty in this country. Moise Tshombe failed to organize elections in this country following the overthrow of Joseph Kasavubu. A "People's Republic" in this country was proclaimed at Stanleyville. Patrice Lumumba was killed in this country by Katangese troops. For ten points, name this African country formerly called Zaire.

Democratic Republic of the Congo (or DRC) BONUS: This Swedish diplomat and second secretary general of the UN died in a plane crash while attempting to negotiate a ceasefire to the Congo Crisis. ANSWER: Dag Hammarskjold Page 4 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2015-2016 Bowl Backup Round 1

(2) Four years after this event, its victim complained that the perpetrator broke rules by not ensuring blue sky below his target. The 78-year-old victim of this incident suffered a heart attack three days later, as a shot pellet had lodged near his heart, though most of his injuries were to the face and neck. For the point, name this 2006 accident in which quail hunter Harry Whittington was injured which, after Aaron Burr's duel, is the second shooting accident to involve a sitting American Vice President.

Dick Cheney's hunting accident (accept descriptions of "that time Dick Cheney shot a guy")

(4) In this country, two rival partiess were nicknamed the Sharks and the Tailless. A revolt among tobacco planters in this country led to the assassination of its president, Ulises Heureaux [you lee zays ay oh rokes], in 1899. The Military Intelligence Service, or SIM, was a secret police force operated in this country by Johnny Abbes. Another leader of this country had three sisters of the Mirabal family assassinated in 1960 and notoriously executed people who pronounced the word "parsley" a certain way. For ten points, name this country once ruled by Rafael Trujillo that borders Haiti.

Dominican Republic (or Rep´ublica Dominicana BONUS: The word "parsley" in the aforementioned Parsley massacre served as this type of identifying phrase, as Trujillo's forces differentiated Haitians from Dominicans by checking their pronunciation of the word. In the Book of Judges, this word was pronounced differently by the Ephraimites and Gileadites. ANSWER: shibboleth

(8) John Snyder, a member of this group, got stabbed by a colleague for beating Milt Elliott's ox. A separated branch of this group was aided by the Miwok Tribe after leaving Truckee Lake and was known as the "Forlorn Hope." James Reed was a leader of this group, which made the mistake of taking the Hasting Cutoff, trapping them during a harsh 1846 winter in the Sierra Nevadas en route to California. For ten points, name this group of pioneers that infamously turned to cannibalism.

Donner Party (accept equivalent descriptions, like the Donner group) BONUS: Instead of going north through modern Idaho, the Hastings Cutoff taken by the Donner Party cuts through the Great Salt Lake Desert, a region filled with salt flats that was once this prehistoric lake. ANSWER: Lake Bonneville (accept Bonneville Salt Flat(s))

(1) One character is mocked in this film with the line "Well, I've been to one world fair, a picnic, and a rodeo, and that's the stupidest thing I ever heard come over a set of earphones." A reference in this film to "a pretty good weekend in Dallas" was dubbed over with "Las Vegas" after the (+) JFK assassination, and in the original ending to this film, General Turgidson says "our beloved president has been infamously struck down by a (*) pie." The line "Gentlemen, you can't fight in here! This the War Room," is delivered by President Muffley in, for ten points, what 1964 Stanley Kubrick film about the Cold War?

Dr. Strangelove or: How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb

(4) Honeywell, Inc. v. Sperry Rand Corp overturned patent created during this project, which was orig nally called "Project PX." John Brainerd was the lead investigator during this project, which intrigued John von Neumann enough to lead to its use in (+) H-bomb development at Los Alamos. This project was initially commissioned by the Ballistic Research Laboratory to calculate artillery tables at the University of Pennsylvania, and it became fully operational in 1946. (*) Kay McNulty was one of six women who programmed, for ten points, what "Great Brain" that is often considered the first electronic computer?

ENIAC (accept Electronic Numer cal Integrator and Computer Page 9 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2016-2017 Bowl Round 4

(8) In this country, Roger East was executed while investigating the deaths of the Balibo Five. The Laksaur militia committed the Suai Church Massacre after a pro-independence referendum in this country, which was advocated for by Nobel Laureate Jos´e Ramos-Horta. This country's FRETILIN party was represented by Horta at the UN during its occupation by a country that committed the Dili massacre. For ten points, name this country that was occupied by Indonesia from 1975 until its 2002 independence.

East Timor (or Timor Leste or Timor Timur BONUS: Jose Ramos-Horta shared the 1996 Nobel Peace Prize for advocating independence with Carlos Belo, who represented this organization. The 1979 Nobel Peace Prize winner founded a subgroup of this organization known as "M.C." in Calcutta. ANSWER: Roman Catholic Church

(33) Lifau was the original capital of this modern day country, but was moved due to constant attacks by the Topasses. The APODETI party opposed the independence of this country. The funeral of Sebastiao Gomes in this modern day country was site of the (+) Santa Cruz Massacre. This country's independence was declared by FRETILIN shortly after the Carnation Revolution in (*) Portugal, but it was quickly followed by a 24-year-long occupation by Indonesia. For the point, name this Southeast Asian country that became independent in 2002, whose capital is Dili.

East Timor (or Timor-Leste)

(8) This man worked as a diplomat in St. Petersburg until his revolutionary agitations caused Catherine the Great to declare him persona non grata. While stationed in South Carolina, this man commissioned the privateer ships Anti-George and Sans-Culotte. This man's attempt to raise a militia for the invasion of Spanish Florida nearly led George Washington to deport him. For the point, name this early 19th century French ambassador to the United States whose actions threatened the Neutrality Proclamation.

Edmond-Charles Genet (or Citizen Genet

(3) This conflict was partially caused by the Beeldenstorm, and was often compared with Claudius Civilis' Batavian revolt against the Roman Empire. The Synod of Dort occurred during this conflict, whose two phases were sep rated by the (+) Twelve Years' Truce. This conflict, which was ended by the Treaty of M¨unster, started with the capture of Brill by Sea Beggars. Troops under Sancho d'Avila sacked (*) Antwerp during this conflict. One side was led by stadtholders Maurice of Nassau and William the Silent in, for ten points, what war, fought against Phillip II of Spain, which created the United Provinces?

Eighty Years War (accept descriptions of the Dutch Revolt against Spain)

(20) The Chicago Crime Commission named this man its first "public enemy number one" since Al Capone, though it is unlikely this man has ever been to Chicago. This man, the target of Operation Black Swan, rose to prominence after the fall of Osiel Cardenas but was finally neutralized in Los Mochis. This opponent of the Beltran Leyva and the Tijuana cartels twice escaped from maximum security prisons, including in July 2015 through a tunnel. The Sinaloa cartel was headed by, for the point, what Mexican drug lord?

El Chapo "Shorty" Guzm´an (or Joaquin "Shorty" Guzm´an Loera; prompt on Shorty alone) Page 4 NHBB Nationals Bee 2015-2016 Bee Round 6

(3) This man rose to prominence after serving under Sancho the Strong at Graus. In this man's last battle, his dead body was propped up on horse by his wife (+) Jimena. At Cabra, this owner of the sword Tizona was victorious against Garcia Ordonez, though because he launched an unauthorized expedition into (*) Granada, he was exiled by Alfonso VI and began fighting for Zaragoza. For ten points, name this Castilian commander whose name means "the lord," a national hero of the Reconquista era.

El Cid (or Rodrigo Diaz de Vivar; accept Rodrigo

(7) This ruler was trapped in the castle of Mirebeau by the Duke of Brittany. The "Young" Henry's revolt was supported by this ruler, who was forced into 16 years of exile after its defeat. This ruler's Court of Love at Poitiers was known for its troubadours. The territory of this ruler and Henry II were joined to form the Angevin Empire under the House of Plantagenet. This ruler became regent after the imprisonment of her son, Richard the Lionheart. For the point, name this queen of England and France and Duchess of Aquitaine.

Eleanor of Aquitaine

(3) The incumbent president called one candidate in this election year "a stooge for Wall Street." Jacqueline Cochran's Serenade film inspired this election's eventual winner, who Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr. entered into the New Hampshire primary without his permission, where he defeated an Ohio senator. An advertisement during this election repeated the refrain "You like Ike, I like Ike, everybody likes Ike." For ten points, name this election, which was the first time that Adlai E. Stevenson was defeated in a landslide by Dwight D. Eisenhower.

Election of 1952 BONUS: Eisenhower defeated this Ohio senator for the Republican nomination. He co-sponsored a 1947 anti-union law along with Fred Hartley. ANSWER: Robert Alphonso Taft (prompt on Taft) Page 3 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2015-2016 Bowl Round 6

(9) In this election year, a defeated candidate requested, but did not recieve, a roll call vote at the convention so that "18 million cracks in the glass" could be represented. In this year, one candidate delivered the "A More Perfect Union" speech to respond to one controversy, a month before controversially noting that "it's not surprising" that small town communities "get bitter, they cling to guns or religion". The campaign slogan "Yes, we can" was used in, for the point, what election year in which Hillary Clinton lost the Democratic nomination to the eventual president, Barack Obama?

Election of 2008

(25) This monarch employed the jeweler Nicholas Hilliard, who created the Phoenix portrait of her. A portrait of this woman as a princess was created by Levina Teerling, who worked in the court of this queen's father alongside Hans Holbein. Another portrait of this woman with her hand resting on a globe shows a naval battle that ended with the 1588 defeat of the Spanish Armada. For the point, name this daughter of Henry VIII, the "Virgin" Queen of England.

Elizabeth I or Elizabeth Tudor (accept The Virgin Queen until mention; prompt on Elizabeth)

(26) One man with this title was converted to Catholicism by Pedro Paenz, who later was succeeded by the insolent Alfonso Mendes. That man with this title was Susenyos I, who was a part of the Gondarian line. Seven years after the Shewan line gained control of this title, its leader defeated the Italians at Adowa. Another person to hold this title is venerated as the messiah in Rastafarianism. Menelik II and other members of the Solomonic Dynasty held, for the point, what ruling position over an African country, last held in 1975 by Haile Selassie?

Emperor of Ethiopia (accept negusa nagast; prompt on "King of Kings")

(4) One of these events organized by John Philip Kemble sparked the Old Price Riot. These events could be restricted by the government under Robert Walpole's 1737 Licensing Act. Peg Woffington, David (+) Garrick, and Sarah Siddons were known for participating in these events on Drury Lane. A building in Blackfriars was used for these events by the Lord (*) Chamberlain's Men. Scholars debate whether one creator of these things was exposed their mystery and miracle types, which were common in the Middle Ages. For the point, name this sort of event often performed in the Globe Theater.

English plays (or theater performances before mentioned; accept Shakespeare's plays) Page 1 NHBB Nationals Bee 2015-2016 Bee Final Round

(2) In January 2017, protests erupted against this leader over increases in gas prices known as the "Gasolinazo." The "I am 132" movement was established to protest this leader's 2012 election. This leader was heavily crit cized for inaction over the 2014 (+) kidnapping of 43 students in Iguala. This man's namesake "bots" spread propaganda in favor of him and his party, the (*) PRI. This leader canceled a meeting with Donald Trump after he said his country would refuse to pay for a border wall. For ten points, name this current President of Mexico.

Enrique Pe˜na Nieto (prompt on partial last name)

(9) The first Administrator of this agency was named acting FBI Director in 1973 and later Deputy Attorney General, position he resigned shortly after Elliot Richardson also resigned in the Saturday Night Massacre. This agency, twice led by (+) William Ruckelshaus, was created by a Richard Nixon reorganization executive order. Programs regulating fuel economy and (*) energy efficiency are administered by this agency, whose creation was influenced in part by Rachel Carson's Silent Spring. For ten points, name this federal regulatory agency that also works to clean Superfund sites.

Environmental Protection Agency (or EPA

(8) This man depicted Louis de Bourbon brought before William de la Marck in The Murder of the Bishop of Liege. An Assyrian king appears disinterested as his concubines are killed in this man's Death of Sardanapalus, and he illustrated another slaughter in his Massacre at Chios. This man's most famous work is set during the July Revolution and depicts Marianne at the front of a ragtag army holding a musket and tricolor. For ten points, name this French painter of Liberty Leading the People

Eugene Delacroix

(4) This leader's party rose to power after a series of protests against water privatization in the city of Cochabamba. Shortly after being inaugurated, this leader of the Movement for Socialism adopted a (+) "Coca yes, Cocaine no!" farming policy in opposition to American interests. In February 2016, this successor of Eduardo Rodriguez lost a referendum to extend his term limits to allow him to run again in 2020. In 2013, this leader's (*) flight out of Moscow was grounded in Vienna after it was suspected that his plane contained Edward Snowden. For ten points, name this current President of Bolivia.

Evo Morales Page 9 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2015-2016 Bowl Round 4

(2) This campaign's aftermath included the rise of brigandage in a certain region, which was combated with the Legge Pica law. During this campaign, peasants in the city of Bronte revolted but were put down by forces under Nino (+) Bixio. The victorious commander of this campaign gave up his territorial gains with the "handshake of Teano." After landing at Marsala, the eventual victorious force in this campaign won its first battle at Calatafimi. After the decisive Battle of the (*) Volturnus in this campaign, Bourbon king Francis II relinquished his throne. For ten points, name this campaign in which forces under Giuseppe Garibaldi conquered the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies, named for the number of men in the expedition force.

Expedition of the Thousand (or Spedizione dei Mille)

(4) During this war, Mickey Marcus built a supply route out of Hulda whose name was inspired by an earlier supply route out of Burma. After the last battle in this conflict, a handmade flag called the Ink Flag was raised. An armistice to end this war was negotiated by Ralph Bunche, who took the position of UN mediator after Folke Bernadotte was assassinated by the terrorist group Lehi. As a result of this war, Egypt occupied the Gaza Strip and their opponent expanded beyond the Partition Plan's boundaries. For ten points, name this war in which Israel repelled an invasion by its neighbors right after it declared independence.

First Arab-Israeli War (or Arab-Israeli War of 1948; or Israeli War of Independence; or Al-Nakba) Page 1 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2015-2016 Bowl V Semifinals and JV Finals

(25) The losers of this war refused the demand of Marcus Atilius Regulus to surrender after his victories at Aspis and Adys. An attack on Lilybaeum during this war was repulsed at the Battle of Drepana. This war led to the development of the corvus, a plank used to board enemy ships at the Battle of Mylae and the Aegates [ay gah tace] Islands. After this war, the army of Hamilcar Barca revolted in the Mercenary War. For the point, name this conflict that led to the Roman acquisition of Sicily and two further wars between Rome and Carthage.

First Punic War (prompt on partial answers; accept descriptions of the first war between Rome and Carthage before "Roman" is said) Page 5 NHBB Nationals Bee 2016-2017 Bee Round 5

(6) At the end of this novel, the protagonist feels "integrated" after his horse tramples his leg. An operation to blow up a bridge in this novel is nearly ruined when the detonators are stolen. The execution of fascist sympathizers in Pilar's village in this novel parallels a real life massacre in the city of Ronda. The protagonist of this novel is a member of the International Brigades and works for a Republican guerrilla unit under the leadership of Pablo. For ten points, name this novel about Robert Jordan's service during the Spanish Civil War, a work by Ernest Hemingway.

For Whom the Bell Tolls BONUS: Ernest Hemingway's only play is titled after this concept, a term coined during the Spanish Civil War by Nationalist general Emilio Mola. This term refers to Mola's supporters within the city of Madrid who would emerge as his troops approached. ANSWER: The Fifth Column (accept quinta columna Page 4 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2016-2017 Bowl Round 9

(2) Two answers required. Captain Polin led a diplomatic mission headed by the flagship Reale from one of these countries to the other. In a joint operation, these two countries successfully besieged the city of Nice during the Italian War of 1542-46. Thousands of soldiers of the losing side were executed in the aftermath of the 1799 Siege of Jaffa between these two countries. For ten points, name these two countries that formed an "unholy alliance" based on their mutual hatred of the Habsburgs and were led by Francis I and Suleiman the Magnificent.

France and the Ottoman Empire (accept Valois dynasty for France) BONUS: One of the most valuable resources the Ottoman Empire had to offer France was what admiral, who smashed the Habsburg fleet at the Battle of Preveza? ANSWER: Hayreddin Barbarossa

(34) A general involved in this event fled to Spain and commanded Spanish armies at the Battle of the Dunes against his friend and rival in this event, Marshal Turenne. That general, the Prince of Cond´e, helped (+) suppress the first phase of this event, although he would later be arrested in its second phase. Noble members of the (*) parlements began this event by refusing to pay higher taxes during the Franco-Spanish War. The centralizing policies of Cardinal Mazarin were the target of, for the points, what uprising, named for slings to smash windows during the minority of Louis XIV?

Fronde Page 8 NHBB Nationals Bee 2016-2017 Bee Final Round - Varsity

(9) This composer's only cello sonata, written in G minor, was dedicated to Auguste Franchomme. This composer's Opus 10 and Opus 25 include a G-flat major work with rapid triplets in the right hand, and another written in response to the November Uprising. This composer was the first to use the term "ballade" for instrumental music, likely inspired by the poetry of Adam Mickiewicz. The "Black Key" and "Revolutionary" Etudes were written by, for ten points, what Polish composer of many mazurkas and polonaises?

Fr´ed´eric Chopin BONUS: Chopin wrote his preludes on Majorca while having an affair with this person, with whom he is portrayed in a Delacroix double portrait. She used a pseudonym to publish works like Indiana. ANSWER: George Sand (or Amantine Lucile Aurore Dupin)

(25) The capital of this leader became known as the "Latin Las Vegas" thanks to his close ties with Lucky Luciano and Meyer Lansky. This man rose to his highest post following the overthrow of Gerardo Machado in the Revolt of the Sergeants. This leader of the United Action coalition stepped down from office after the withdrawal of American support for his regime, having faced an attack on the Moncada Barracks. The 26th of July movement opposed, for the point, what Cuban leader, the predecessor of Fidel Castro?

Fulgencio Batista Page 5 NHBB Nationals Bee 2015-2016 Bee Round 5

(2) One painting from this movement commemorates the death of the anarchist Angelo Galli during a strike. The manifesto of this movement claims a "roaring car" is more beautiful than the Winged Victory of Samothrace. One member of this movement painted the States of Mind trilogy and created the bronze sculpture Unique Forms of Continuity in Space. For ten points, name this Italian art movement whose members included Carlo Carr´a, Filippo Marinetti, and Umberto Boccioni, and which promoted technology while rejecting the past.

Futurism (or Futurismo

(7) This group was stopped from raiding the Hansa Stavanger after the intervention of American security advisor James Jones. In one operation, Somali troops lit a large diversionary fire so that this group could neutralize "Captain Martyr Mahmud." After the Palestinian Popular Front hijacked a Boeing 737 to negotiate for the release of Red Army Faction leaders, this group successfully liberated Lufthansa Flight 181. This organization was formed after traditional police units failed to prevent the 1972 Munich massacre. For ten points, name this elite German counter-terrorism unit.

GSG (or Grenzschutzgruppe der Bundespolizei; accept Border Protection Group of the Federal Police and similar translations)

(9) This man sent Herbert Stewart across the Metemma Desert on an expedition; Stewart died at the Battle of Abu Klea. Evelyn Wood and Redvers Buller were members of a military ring led by this man, which rivalled Lord Roberts' Kandahar ring and was named for a war in which this man's troops burned Kumasi. This man replaced Lord Chelmsford after he lost at Isandlwana. Though this man's troops failed to save Charles Gordon in Khartoum, he was able to put down the Red River Rebellion in Canada. For ten points, name this Victorian-era commander known for his service in the Ashanti War.

Garnet Wolseley BONUS: Garnet Wolseley first served under this commander, who captured Lucknow in the Sepoy Mutiny. This man later led the Thin Red Line in the Crimean War. ANSWER: Colin Campbell Page 5 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2016-2017 Bowl Playoff Packet 8

(18) On the night of this event, John Cole suggested that the crowd attracted to this event would "not be so public" as he dined at Sabin's Tavern. An Oration, Upon the Beauties of Liberty by preacher John Allen repeatedly referenced this event, which was led by Abraham Whipple. In this event, Captain (+) Lindsey's evasive maneuvers in the packet sloop Hannah forced William Dudingston's ship (*) onto a sandbar, after which the Sons of Liberty got vengeance for that ship's harassment of Narragansett Bay. For the point, name this June 1772 event in Rhode Island, in which a British ship was controversially burned.

Gaspee Affair (accept descriptions of the burning, etc. of the Gaspee)

(5) During the Spanish-American War, John Parker's use of this weapon earned him the nickname [this weapon] Parker. Henry Raymond used one of these weapons to defend The New York Times during the New York anti-draft riots. The creator of this weapon stated if I could "enable one man to do as much battle duty as a hundred" it would "supersede the necessity of large armies." This weapon inspired the creation of "rotary cannons" which include the M61 Vulcan. For ten points, name this popular Civil War weapon, named for its creator, which fired bullets as fast as a soldier could crank the handle.

Gatling Gun BONUS: The M61 Vulcan was developed by this company, whose refrigerator division suffered in sales by minor boycotts against its work on nuclear weapon development. ANSWER: General Electric (accept GE)

(3) A tribe of these people called the Senones marched on Rome, demanding that Quintus Fabius be handed over; when he wasn't, these people won the Battle of the Allia, then cheated the losers with weighted scales for measuring tribute. A chieftain of the Arverni tribe of these people led a massive rebellion of these people until his defeat at the Siege of Alesia. For ten points, name these people, the barbarian inhabitants of modern-day France during Roman times.

Gauls (prompt on Celts; prompt on barbarians before mentioned) BONUS: This aforementioned Arverni chief won the Battle of Gergovia against Julius Caesar, but was paraded through Rome and executed by Caesar after he lost at Alesia. ANSWER: Vercingetorix [ver sin get or ix] Page 3 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2016-2017 Bowl Round 4

(7) A 16-milimeter film shot by Harold Warp captured this event; Warp never attended another baseball game in his life. PA announcer Pat Peiper and future Supreme Court justice John Paul Stevens claimed this event did occur as reported. (+) Charlie Root was the pitcher during this event, whose central figure claimed to hit a ball "past the flagpole." Theories about this event, which came during Game 3 of the (*) 1932 World Series, claim that its perpetrator was instead gesturing at the Cubs' dugout. For the points, name this event in which certain New York Yankee blasted his last World Series home run to center field, shortly after legendarily pointing in that direction.

George Herman "Babe" Ruth's called shot (prompt on partial answers; accept Babe Ruth's last World Series home run before mentioned; accept specifically correct answers as appropriate, using deny-and-protest-later mechanics if necessary)

(1) Description acceptable. According to the original account of this event, it ended with an "act of heroism" worth "more than a thousand [things], though blossomed with silver." The target of this event was attacked after the perpetrator "amused himself hacking his mother's pea sticks." This event took place after its perpetrator was, at the age of six, "made the wealthy master of a hatchet," according to an 1800 biography. For ten points, name this legend, told as a fable by Parson Weems, in which a six-year-old future American President admitted he "could not tell a lie" and confessed to arboreal vandalism.

George Washington cutting down cherry tree (accept additional information; prompt on partial answers; prompt on descriptions of "George Washington not being able to tell a lie" or similar response by asking the player "could not tell a lie about what?")

(1) In letter to his cousin Lund, the owner of these objects notes that two of them were "in the secret drawer" of locker. Jean Pierre Le Mayeur befriended the owner of these objects in 1781 and helped maintain them. A letter asking for equipment to care for these objects noted there was (+) "little prospect of being in [Philadelphia] soon;" that letter was intercepted by the British and may have convinced Henry Clinton to not reinforce Yorktown. Contrary to (*) legend, wood was not used to fashion a replacement set of these objects, which are now on display at Mount Vernon. For ten points, name these body parts that made public speaking difficult for the first US President.

George Washington's (false and/or real) teeth (accept clear equivalents; accept George Washington's dentures or similar equivalents; do not accept Washington's wooden teeth, as they weren't made of wood)

(10) 19th century immigrants from this nation formed Turner Societies to bring to the U.S. a craze for gymnastics from their home country. Discrimination against Americans of this ethnicity led to Chicago's Lager Beer Riot of 1855. One immigrant from this nation was Hayes' Secretary of the Interior and also the first U.S. Senator born in this nation; that refugee from the March Revolution was named Carl Schurz. For ten points, name this ethnicity of immigrants who introduced to our country such customs as Christmas trees, hamburgers, and hot dogs.

German-Americans BONUS: German immigrant Carl Schurz was also a Civil War general, serving in this battle of OctoberNovember, 1863. Following Rosecrans' defeat at Chickamauga, Grant drive Bragg out of Tennessee at this Union battle. ANSWER: Chattanooga Campaign (or Battle of Chattanooga)

(69) Three years before this event succeeded, Louis Deras, the Earl of Feversham, put down a failed attempt at the same goal by winning the Battle of Sedgemoor. A Convention Parliament concluded this event, in part by debating the terms "abdicate" or "abandon." Two years after this event succeeded, opponents of it were defeated in a battle near the River Boyne, dooming the first Jacobite rebellion. This event replaced a Catholic member of the Stuart dynasty, James II, on the throne. For the point, name this 1688 revolution that brought William and Mary to power in England.

Glorious Revolution (accept Bloodless Revolution; accept Revolution of 1688 before the year is mentioned)

(10) This entity was victorious against Grand Duke Vytautas at the battle of the Vorskla river, though it had prior lost to Lithuania at the battle of the Blue Waters. This entity symbolically disintegrated after a stand-off at the Ugra river. Members of this entity filled 9 sacks full of ears following the battle of Legnica, and its greatest triumph took place against the Hungarians at Mohi. For ten points, name this most northwestern of the Mongolian Khanates, founded by Batu Khan in the 1240s, which supposedly received its name from the color of its soldiers' tents.

Golden Horde BONUS: A civil war broke out between the Golden Horde and this other Mongolian khanate. This Mongolian khanate was led by Hulagu and, sacked Baghdad, turning its rivers black with ink. ANSWER: Il-khanate

(7) The passage of this law was hastened by a migration to the south caused by a devastating 1877-78 drought known as the Grande Seca. Joaquim Nabuco was one of the leading proponents for this law. The power of fazendas (+) declined as a result of this law, leading to increased support among the oligarchs for a coup that put Deodoro da Fonseca in power. This legislation was preceded by the Law of Sexagenarians and the Law of the (*) Free Womb. It was signed into law by Princess Isabel, who was ruling as regent in place for her father, Pedro II. For ten points, name this 1888 law that banned slavery in Brazil.

Golden Law (or Lei Aurea; prompt on "Brazil's anti-slavery law" before "slavery" is read)

(5) In a speech referencing this policy, its formulator said he would "dedicate the nation" to someone who "respects himself and, because he does so, respects the rights of others." As part of this policy, the film Saludos Amigos was shown in numerous countries. The implementation of this policy caused US Marines to withdrawal from Nicaragua. In support of this policy, Cordell Hull stated "No country has the right to intervene in the internal or external affairs of another." The Roosevelt Corollary was amended by, for ten points, what policy of nonintervention in Latin America?

Good Neighbor Policy BONUS: The film Saludos Amigos was created by what animation studio which also produced Der Fuehrer's Face during World War II? ANSWER: Walt Disney Studios

(24) A three-time holder of this position had his official portrait controversially painted by Don Bachardy. One holder of the position signed the Therapeutic Abortion Act, having gained this position by defeating George Christopher a year after delivering the "A Time For Choosing" speech at a national convention. In 2003, Gray Davis was recalled from this position in favor of, for the second time in its history, a popular actor. For the point, name this position held by Jerry Brown, Ronald Reagan, and Arnold Schwarzenegger.

Governor of California (prompt on partial answer)

(4) One man with this name was murdered by a mob led by Scipio Nasica, while another was killed by Lucius Opimius and his allies. One man with this name had his policies rolled back while he oversaw the resettlement of Carthage as part of his Sempronian Laws. Two men with this cognomen served as plebeian tribunes and tried to break up the lands of wealthy landowners. For ten points, name this cognomen of Tiberius and Gaius, two brothers who were killed for proposing reforms of the Roman Republic.

Gracchus (accept Tiberius and/or Gaius Gracchus; accept descriptions of the Gracchi brothers; accept Tiberius until "Lucius" is read)

(31) One side in this conflict named a newly captured stronghold Fort Long because Huey Long had adamantly argued on their behalf in a lengthy congressional speech. Hans Kundt [koont] resigned his general's command in this war after thousands of his country's troops surrendered in the (+) Campo Via Pocket. Jose Estigarribia was promoted to general for his prowess in this war, whose competing sides were (*) funded by Royal Dutch Shell and Standard Oil. For the points, name this 1930s war fought between Paraguay and Bolivia over an arid, ultimately oil-dry region of South America.

Gran Chaco War (accept the War of Thirst)

(24) Willard Bay was separated from this body of water to create a reservoir in 1964. Gunnison Bay is separated from the rest of this body of water by the Lucin Cutoff, a railroad causeway that was built to replace a route that curved north of this lake. This lake is descended from the prehistoric Lake Bonneville, and it lies south of Promontory Summit, where the Golden Spike completed the first transcontinental railroad. A Brigham Young-led party of Mormon pioneers settled a valley named for, for the point, what large, saline body of water in Utah?

Great Salt Lake

(30) A letter written by William Stukeley in 1754 makes the first reference to a myth regarding this entity. In 1899, four reporters from Denver published a fake news story claiming that Americans were to replace this object with a road. William Pogue claimed to have seen this entity from low Earth orbit, before realizing that he was actually looking at the Grand Canal. For the point, name this entity that cannot actually be seen from space with the unaided eye, a massive set of fortifications that started protecting against Mongol invasion in the third century BC.

Great Wall of China (accept Wanli Changcheng; accept Ten Thousand Mile Long Wall Page 6 NHBB Nationals Bee 2016-2017 Bee Round 5

(10) In this location, Kolgrim was accused of using sorcery to seduce the wife of Torgrim; he was burned at the stake after his trial at a thingstead in the city of Gardar, where Norse settlers established a bishopric in 1126. Claus Paarss founded a fort at Godt-Haab in this location. The Brattahild was Erik the Red's estate on this island, whose name he devised as a marketing ploy. For ten points, name this largest non-continental island in the world, home to a country whose government system continues to include some Danish control.

Greenland or Kalaallit Nunaat

(3) Ralph Abercromby put down Fedon's Rebellion in this modern day country. This country's namesake seventeen were responsible for overthrowing and executing one of its leaders at Fort Rupert. This country's first Prime Minister silenced critics with the help of the (+) Mongoose Gang. Eric Gairy was deposed by the New Jewel Movement in this country. Shortly after the execution of Maurice (*) Bishop, this country was targeted by Operation Urgent Fury. For the point, name this Caribbean island country that was invaded by the United States in 1983.

Grenada

(2) One of the participants in this meeting left a post-event ball early, after which the other participant ran him down to give him a portrait of himself. Before this event, one of its participants ordered his men to raise a flag, have his ships salute it, and then deny ever having anything to do with it. This meeting's most famous participant raised a toast honoring the "two greatest men in South America," one of which was himself. The future of Peru was debated at, for the point, what 1822 conference between Jos´e de San Mart´ın and Sim´on Bol´ıvar, held in an Ecuadorian city?

Guayaquil Conference (accept Conferencia de Guayaquil

(10) From 2011 to 2016, this country's pres dent was musician known as "Sweet Mickey." Jocelerme Privert is serving is the interim Pres dent of this country after the resignation of Michel Martelly. In August 2016, the UN acknowledged that (+) Nepalese workers were the origin of a devastating cholera outbreak in this country. The majority of casualties of 2016's Hurricane (*) Matthew were from this country. For ten points, name this country where hundreds of thousands of people died after a 2010 earthquake that devastating its capital, Port-au-Prince.

Haiti Extra Question Only read if you need a backup or tiebreaker!

(1) In 334 BC, Alexander the Great nearly lost a siege of this city, but he prevailed over Memnon of Rhodes and restored Ada to the throne of Caria. This city, which succeeded Mylasa as the cap tal of the Hecatomnids, was the birthplace of (+) Herodotus. A queen of this city was said to make the men of Xerxes look like women at the battle of Salamis. The (*) burial ground of a Persian satrap and Artemisia II in this city gave rise to a word that refers to a building used as a tomb. For ten points, name this ancient Greek city whose Mausoleum was a Wonder of the World.

Halicarnassus BONUS: What English king was mysteriously killed while hunting in the New Forest? ANSWER: William II (accept William Rufus; accept William the Red; prompt on William)

(5) According to Balthazar Rau, the signal to begin this event was the publication of the word "Ruhe" in the Arbeiter-Zeitung. Louis Lingg exploded himself rather than face execution for his role in this event. Matthias Degan was killed in this event, many of whose suspects were (+) pardoned by John Peter Altgeld. August Spies [spees] was hung for his role in this event, which broke out during a speech by Samuel Fielden advocating for an (*) eight-hour workday. Its backlash greatly weakened the Knights of Labor. For ten points, name this 1886 Chicago riot that began when a bomb was thrown at police.

Haymarket Square riot

(11) One ruler with this name tried to institute hereditary succession with the Erbreichsplan [erb-rikes-plan]. After marrying Queen Constance, a ruler with this name became King of Sicily. Prior to marrying Geoffrey of Anjou, Empress (+) Matilda was married to a ruler of this name. A ruler with this name signed the Concordat of Worms with Pope Callixtus II. After being (*) excommunicated, one ruler with this name stood outside of Canossa for three days in the snow in order to repent. For the point, give this name of seven Holy Roman Emperors, the fourth of whom feuded with Pope Gregory VII during the Investiture Controversy.

Henry (or Heinrich)

(6) Richard FitzNeal advised this ruler, who printed the "Short Cross" penny. This ruler signed the treaty of Windsor, which placed Rory O'Connor on the throne of Ireland. He ascended to the throne following the signing of the Treaty of (+) Wallingford and the end of the Anarchy, and he attempted to curb papal power in the Constitution of (*) Clarendon. The "Great Revolt" against this man was led by Eleanor of Aquitaine and his son Richard. His knights notably killed the Archbishop of Canterbury, Thomas a Becket. For ten points, name this first Plantagenet king of England.

Henry II

(9) In his autobiography The Education of a Public Man, this man explains the emotional importance he placed on passing the bill he initiated that called for the creation of the Peace Corps. This man worked with Elmer Kelm and Elmer Benson on the merger of two parties in his state. The McGovern-Fraser Commission was created in the aftermath of a convention that nominated this man while police used tear gas against a crowd that chanted "The whole world is watching." For ten points, name this Minnesota politician, the 1968 presidential nominee for the Democratic Party.

Hubert Horatio Humphrey, Jr. BONUS: At the 1968 Democratic Convention, this reporter was roughed up while trying to interview a Georgia delegate, prompting Walter Cronkite to say "I think we've got a bunch of thugs here." ANSWER: Daniel Irvin "Dan" Rather Jr. Page 5 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2016-2017 Bowl Playoff Packet 4

(6) This event was replicated in North Vietnam when two namesake journals were founded during the Nhan Van Giai Pham affair. This event was announced in the speech "On the Correct Handling of the Contradictions Among People." It led to the (+) Anti-Rightist Movement after the establishment of a "Democratic Wall" and the outpouring of thousands of hostile letters prompted (*) Mao Zedong to prosecute its participants. For ten points, name this Chinese Communist campaign in which citizens were encouraged to criticize their government.

Hundred Flowers Movement (or Campaign, etc.; accept Baihua yundong)

(1) Both sides in this war intervened in the War of the Two Peters, and Sir John Talbot was killed by cannon at the Battle of Castillon in this war. One side's navy was destroyed at the Battle of (+) Sluys in this war, in which many chevauch´ees were led by Edward the Black Prince. Knights stuck in mud were slaughtered by (*) longbowmen in a battle in this war, where a siege was broken by the "Maid of Orl´eans." The Battle of Agincourt was fought in, for ten points, what long war between France and England?

Hundred Years War BONUS: What two-word phrase, coined in 1946 by Churchill, describes the diplomatic alliance between the United States and Great Britain that has existed since World War II? ANSWER: the Special Relationship

(9) This country was the site of one battle in which Hitler infamously ordered his SS troops to remove their cuff insignias after the failure of Operation Spring Awakening near Lake Balaton. This country, which was occupied during Operation (+) Margarethe, faced a one-hundred day siege of its capital centered around Castle Hill. After Dome (*) Sztojay [doh-may stoy-aye] was replaced as prime minister by Geza Lakatos [LAH-kuh-tosh] in this country, Otto Skorzeny executed Operation Panzerfaust to install the pro-Nazi Arrow Cross party. For the points, name this country led in World War II by Miklos Horthy.

Hungary Page 2 NHBB Nationals Bee 2016-2017 Bee Playoff Round 2

(2) Harold Kuhn named an algorithm to solve the assignment problem after this nation, in honor of K˝onig and Egerv´ary. With Oskar Morganstern, another man from this country initialized game theory. This nation's mathematical society bears the name of a countryman who developed non-Euclidean geometry independently of (+) Nikolai Lobachevsky. A twentieth century mathematician from this country published works with over 500 (*) co-authors, inspiring a namesake number as the distance on a collaboration graph. For ten points, name this nation of John von Neumann, J´anos [YAHN-osh] Bolyai, and Paul Erd˝os [AIR-dish].

Hungary (or Magyarorsz´ag)

(3) Walter Joseph Cawthorn helped found this group in 1948, which was then further developed in the 1950's by Syed Mohammad Ahsan and Ayub Khan. This organization helped apprehend Khalid Sheikh Mohammad in 2003 in (+) Rawalpindi, but members of it were also suspected of harboring a terrorist in Abbottabad. This organization's founding was prompted by poor communication between the (*) Army, Air Force, and Navy during a 1947 independence conflict against its eastern neighbor. The Taliban has potentially been supported by, for ten points, what controversial Pakistani intelligence agency?

Inter-Services Intelligence (or ISI)

(7) The day after the Benghazi attacks, Sergei Shmatko attended an opening cer mony involving this program. Jeffrey Sterling was arrested for revealing plot to sab tage this program known as Oper tion Merlin. A group known as the People's Mujahideen assassinated members of this program, which includes facility in (+) Bushehr built with Russian assistance. This program suffered a major setback in 2010 when 20% of its productive capability was destroyed by the Stuxnet cyberweapon. The (*) Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action lifted sanctions in exchange for limits on, for ten points, what general program that, in 2011, first started providing power to Tehran?

Iran nuclear program (accept descriptions of nuclear weapons and/or nuclear energy)

(1) Seven different soccer teams from this country have hired Serbian coach Sinisa Mihajlovi´c [see nee sha me high loh vitch], who spoke out in support of the Serbian warlord Arkan. Scrutiny on this country's top-tier soccer league intensified after an incident at the Picchi stadium, where a pro-Axis salute was given by Lazio star Paolo di Canio. A San Siro-based team from this country was founded in an attempt to integrate foreigners into the league and is colloquially known as "Inter." For ten points, name this European country , home to clubs like Juventus and AC Milan.

Italy BONUS: In 2006, this top-tier Italian soccer league suffered a massive referee scandal, implicating Juventus, Milan, and three other teams. ANSWER: Serie A

(5) A novel by this author was probably inspired by the life of Enoch Crosby, a Revolutionary War era espionage agent whom he represented as Harvey Birch. A character created by this author, Judge Marmaduke Temple, gets rich by cheaply buying former Loyalist lands in the late 1700s. In a novel by this writer, Fort William Henry is surrendered to the French by Colonel Munro, whose daughter Cora is abducted by the Huron chief Magua. For ten points, name this author of The Spy The Pioneers, and The Last of the Mohicans

James Fenimore Cooper BONUS: Cooper also wrote a book about Alexander Slidell Mackenzie, who was court-marshaled after ordering the execution of three people for this crime. That incident involving this crime partially inspired Herman Melville's novel Billy Budd ANSWER: mutiny (prompt on partial answers, like rebellion or treason)

(4) Adi Dassler convinced this "Buckeye Bullet" to wear his Schuhfabriks, marking the first sponsorship of African-American male athletes. Leni Riefenstahl's film Olympia records one of this man's victories. A snubbed handshake between this man and a world leader was lauded as a strike against Aryan supremacy, but this man was also snubbed by FDR when he returned home. For ten points, name this athlete who won four track and field gold medals at the 1936 Berlin Olympics.

Jesse Owens

(10) This individual's first known recordings were made with the otherwise all-white Melody Masters navy band, and he is worshipped as a saint in a San Francisco congregation of the African Orthodox Church. This composer of "Bessie's Blues" and "Crescent" had his work described by Ira Gitler as "sheets of sound," and one of his albums is a four-part suite that includes "Acknowledgement" and "Psalm." This jazz musician developed his namesake chord "changes" on albums such as Giant Steps. For the point, name this jazz tenor saxophonist who recorded A Love Supreme and Blue Trane

John Coltrane Page 2 NHBB Nationals Bee 2016-2017 Bee Round 5

(16) Description acceptable. Ulrich Mack took black-and-white photographs to document this trip for the magazine Quick. A speech given during this trip prompted its orator to tell Ted Sorensen "We'll never have another (+) day like this one as long as we live." During this trip, the central figure expressed amazement at the vitality of a city that had been "besieged for 18 years." This event included a meeting with Konrad (*) Adenauer and was highlighted by a speech that recalled the phrase "Civis Romanus Sum" and, according to myth, claimed its speaker was a jelly doughnut. For the points, name this 1963 foreign visit for a U.S. president.

John F. Kennedy's visit to West Berlin (accept JFK for J. Kennedy; prompt on partial answer, including responses like "JFK's visit to (West and/or East) Germany")

(6) This man was acquitted by Jonathan Sewall in a case in which his crewmen physically resisted the attempts of an inspector to search the Lydia. This man, who allegedly used claims of gout to avoid dealing with political issues, left his successor, James Bowdoin, to deal with Shays' Rebellion after leaving office as the first Governor of Massachusetts. This man, but none of his colleagues, had his name printed at the bottom of the Dunlap Broadside. For ten points, name this Founding Father known for his large signature on the Declaration of Independence.

John Hancock BONUS: In addition to the Lydia, John Hancock owned this sloop, which was confiscated by the British in 1768 after it was suspected of smuggling Madeira wine. ANSWER: Liberty Page 4 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2016-2017 Bowl Playoff Packet 1

(5) This American rose to prominence after decisively defeating Datu Amil at Bud Bagsak in the Philippines. At the Battle of the Hamel, this man allowed American soldiers to be placed under foreign control for the first time in a joint operation with Australian troops. George Washington and this man are the only commanders to achieve the rank of "General of the Armies." For ten points, name this general who led the American Expeditionary Force in World War I and earned the nickname "Black Jack."

John Pershing BONUS: The 1913 Battle of Bud Bagsak was fought against these southern Philippine Muslims. ANSWER: Moro people (accept Moro Rebellion, Revolt, etc.) Page 4 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2016-2017 Bowl Playoff Packet 6

(8) This emperor's father was criticized for excessive devotion to the Empress Xiaoxian [shao-sheahn] and for establishing the eunuch-led Thirteen Offices. A group of bodyguards led by Oboi ruled this man's minority. Allies who had helped this man's people defeat Li Zicheng [lee ze-chuhn] fought this man in a revolt when he came to power; those allies were Yunnan, Fujian, and Guangdong. This emperor signed China's first treaty acknowledging another state as its equal, the Treaty of Nerchinsk, and also defeated the pirate Koxinga. For ten points, name this second Qing [ching] emperor to rule China, the longest reigning Chinese emperor.

Kangxi [kahng-shee] Emperor (or elhe taifin huwangdi, or Enkh Amgalan Khaan) BONUS: This is the aforementioned revolt by Yunnan, Fujian, and Guangdong against the Kangxi Emperor. It was led by Wu Sangui. ANSWER: Revolt of the Three Feudatories

(1) This document's Article III states it is the duty of the United states "to furnish each Government named in the Preamble." John Blaine was the only senator to vote against the ratification of this agreement, which states that the signatories are "Deeply sensible of their solemn duty to promote the — welfare of mankind." This document's stated goal of "uniting the civilized nations of the world in a common renunciation" was not even remotely successful, but its American — co-sponsor won the 1929 Nobel Peace Prize anyway. For ten points, name this international pact that forbade the use of war for conflict resolution, named for its American and French architects.

Kellogg-Briand Pact (accept names in either order; accept Pact of Paris; accept General Treaty for Renunciation of War as an Instrument of National Policy) BONUS: After repeated international violations of the Kellogg-Briand Pact, this man, Hoover's Secretary of State, outlined a namesake doctrine that claimed the United States would not recognize any territorial changes made by force. ANSWER: Henry Lewis Stimson (accept Stimson Doctrine)

(11) This country lent its name to a type of slow overture with dotted rhythms. One composer from here wrote the opera Plat´ee [plah tay] to celebrate a 1745 royal wedding and authored the Treatise on Harmony. This country's native operatic style was opposed by fans of Pergolesi in the War of the Buffoons. Another composer from here wrote Armide [ar meed] and died of gangrene after striking his foot with a conducting staff. For the point, name this country whose composers included Jean-Philippe Rameau and Jean-Baptiste Lully, the court composer for King Louis XIV [fourteenth]?

Kingdom of France (or Royaume de France

(1) Omar Mukhtar fought for independence against this empire in the mountains of Jebel Akhdar. This European empire received Tripolitania in the Treaty of Ouchy and signed the Treaty of Wuchale to establish its colony of (+) Eritrea. This empire, which made Mogadishu the capital of its Somaliland, was humiliated after its loss at the Battle of (*) Adwa to Menelek II, but it would get its revenge over Haile Selassie. For ten points, name this European power that colonized Libya and conquered Ethiopia while ruled by Benito Mussolini.

Kingdom of Italy

(4) This nation arrested the Mamluk sphere of influence at the Battle of Diu, and it will supposedly lead a grand "5th Empire." Zumbi led Palmares in opposition to this nation's imperialism. A general from this nation captured the island of Ormuz from Ismail I, in addition to the city of Goa. One of this nation's colonies contained quilombos and was east of the demarcation line of the Treaty of Tordesillas. For the point, name this empire that dominated 16th century Indian Ocean trade and colonized Brazil.

Kingdom of Portugal (or Portuguese Empire)

(18) An expedition led by this man dislodged natives from the Canyon de Chelly. This man led a group of vigilantes in pursuit of the kidnappers of Ann White, who was eventually killed by her captors as he closed in. This man, who got his start in the party of Jim (+) Bridger, guided John Fremont on his three expeditions to the west and was tasked by the government with forcing the Apache and the Navajo into reservations. This rebel against the (*) Mexicans in California led a New Mexican regiment during the Civil War. For the points, identify this legendary mountain man for whom the capital of Nevada is named.

Kit Carson (accept Carson City)

(12) The image of this group suffered when Madge Oberholtzer was found to be murdered by D.C. Stephenson. Members of this group styling themselves the "Knights of Mary Phagan" kidnapped and lynched Leo Frank. This group, which held a large rally near the 1924 Democratic National Convention, was revitalized by William Simmons during a meeting at Stone Mountain. D.W. Griffith's The Birth of a Nation glorified, for the point, what American white supremacist group, led by Grand Wizards?

Ku Klux Klan (or KKK)

(25) This party entered a 1977 coalition with David Steel's party. One newspaper ran a cover asking the last person leaving the country to "turn out the lights" if this party won. Under James Callaghan, this party lost popularity due to the Winter of Discontent. This party established the National Health Service under Prime Minister Clement Attlee and promoted the "Third Way" under the leadership of Tony Blair. For the point, name this opposition party in the current House of Commons currently led by Jeremy Corbyn.

Labour Party of the United Kingdom (or England or Great Britain) Page 5 NHBB Nationals Bee 2015-2016 Bee Round 6

(8) This lake's Mumbo Island is home to an eco-friendly resort. After a failed attempt to build a mission on Cape Maclear on this lake, one was successfully established at Livingstonia, named for the first European to discover this lake. This lake is home to over 500 species of fish that are divided into either the Mbuna or Peacock groups, the cichlids. For ten points, name this Rift Valley lake that shares its name with a nearby country with capital at Lilongwe.

Lake Malawi (or accept Lake Nyasa

(6) This body of water is spanned by the General Rafael bridge. The Esso oil tanker was lost in this body of water. Nancy Wexler discovered that people living along this body of water had a high incidence of Huntington disease. The Catatumbo lightning phenomenon takes place above this body of water, where a series of stilt houses allegedly reminded Amerigo Vespucci of Venice, inspiring the name for this lake's home country. For ten points, name this large, oil-rich lake in Venezuela.

Lake Maracaibo BONUS: A large portion of Lake Maracaibo is infested with this aquatic plant, which has hurt the local fishing industry and damaged boat motors. ANSWER: duckweed

(23) A week after this man criticized his political party, the Declaration of 46 letter agreed with his concerns. This man wrote "The Revolution Betrayed" while living in exile with Diego Rivera. As Commissar of Foreign Affairs, this man handed the Baltic States to Kaiser Wilhelm II by signing the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk. Years after he founded the Red Army, this man was killed in Mexico by an ice pick to the head. For the point, name this Soviet politician who lost a power struggle with Joseph Stalin.

Leon Trotsky

(7) One leader of this country was filmed having his ears cut off while warlord Prince Johnson drank a Budweiser. During this country's first civil war, Joshua Milton Blahyi led an armed division of children known as the "Butt Naked brigade." That civil war ended with the 1997 election of Charles Taylor. Alongside Guinea and Sierra Leone, this country was at the centre of the West African Ebola outbreak. For ten points, name this African country, originally established as a country for free slaves, whose capital is Monrovia.

Liberia

(5) In 1981, this team experienced "Fernandomania" when rookie Fernando Valenzuela won the Cy Young award. Another pitcher for this team gave up 7 runs in Game 1 of the World Series, then joked "I bet right now you wish I was Jewish, too," referencing his teammate's choice to not pitch on Yom Kippur. For the point, Don Drysdale and Sandy Koufax were, and Zack Greinke and Clayton Kershaw are, aces for what National League baseball team that moved to California from Brooklyn?

Los Angeles Dodgers (accept place name, team name, or both; do not accept Brooklyn Dodgers) Page 1 NHBB Nationals Bee 2015-2016 Bee Round 3

(1) One king of this name was praised by Odo of Deuil in his chron cle of the Second Crusade. Two decades before he actually took the throne, another king of this name tried to overthrow his father in revolt called the Praguerie ["Prague" er ee] that king of this name manipulated his (+) vassals to centralize power, earning him the nickname "The Universal Spider." Another king of this name died near Carthage while on the (*) Eighth Crusade, which he had called after his failure in the Seventh. For ten points, give this name of multiple French kings, the ninth of whom was canonized for his crusading.

Louis (accept Louis the 7th, 11th, and/or 9th)

(18) 3,000 of these people who fled to Nova Scotia and settled Birchwood are listed in the Book of Negroes. A legion composed of these people fought at Lundy's Ferry and Monck's Corner while under the commander of Banastre Tarleton. Lord Dorchester desired to "put the mark of Honour" upon these people, "who had adhered to the Unity of the Empire". For the point, name these citizens of the Thirteen Colonies who sided with Britain during the American Revolution.

Loyalists (accept Black Loyalists; accept Tories; accept Royalists; accept King's Men; accept descriptive answers that mention people loyal to Great Britain; prompt on freed slaves; prompt on slaves)

(4) This organization defended its unorthodox contractual procedure in a court case against Iain Fraser. It is currently lead by Don Garber and unofficially runs the Cascadia Cup. Its first ever match was contested between San Jose Clash and DCU at Spartan Stadium, and it grew out of the failed NASL. This league's Designated Player rule has allowed David Villa, Kaka, and other imports to join it, as its attractiveness to foreigners grew following David Beckham's transfer to the LA Galaxy. For ten points, name this modern American soccer league.

Major League Soccer (or MLS)

(10) Archaeological sites built by this civilization contain E-group buildings that were probably used as astronomical observatories. Temples built by this civilization may have been rebuilt every fifty two years, corresponding to the cycles of their Long Count calendar. A temple built by this civilization displays the shadow of a snake crawling up a pyramid every equinox; that building is the Temple of Kukulcan. For ten points, name this civilization that constructed the cities of Tikal and Chichen Itza.

Mayan Civilization BONUS: Many Mayan sites contain ruins of these facilities, used for Ollamaliztli [oh "llama" list lee], an important recreational and religious activity. These buildings include a long alley with sloped walls capped by end zones on either end. ANSWER: ballcourts (this is a technical term; accept descriptions of "the court where they play the Mesoamerican ball game;" prompt on generic descriptions of athletic facilities)

(13) One holder of this position dealt with a tax revolt led by John Pratt and James Bistor. Harold Washington was the first black holder of this position, and died in office in 1987. Another holder of this position who died while holding it noted "I'm glad it was me instead of you" after being shot in the lung by Giuseppe Zangara. Anton Cermak and two members of the Daley family served in, for the point, what position held by Rahm Emanuel as chief executive of the largest city in Illinois?

Mayor of Chicago

(10) The Angel Phase of these people is speculated to have led to the emergence of the Caborn-Welborn group. These people established the Parkin site along the St. Francis River, a location considered to be part of the Southeastern Ceremonial Complex culture. In order to mark the passing of solstices, these people built a timber circle that archaeologists dubbed Woodhenge. These people constructed the pyramidal Monks Mound at an urban center near modern St. Louis. For ten points, name this Pre-Columbian Native American civilization that inhabited the Cahokia site by a namesake river.

Mississipians (accept Mississippian people, culture, etc.; prompt on Native Americans before mentioned; anti-prompt on Cahokia before mentioned) Second Quarter

(2) This state's capital was chosen to be at the site of LeFleur's Bluff, overlooking the Pearl River. An alluvial plain in this state, home to the towns of Clarksdale and Greenville, is bounded on the east by the Yazoo River and is known for a distinctive variety of blues. Another city here was captured after a 47-day siege by Ulysses S. Grant in 1863. For ten points, a namesake Delta and the city of Vicksburg are located in what Southern state whose capital is Jackson?

Mississippi BONUS: This city, the first capital of Mississippi, was the southern end of a trail used by both Native Americans and early European settlers known as its namesake "trace." ANSWER: Natchez

(6) This leader was captured, and hundreds of his subjects killed, in the Massacre in the Great Temple. Bernal Diaz del Castillo's Historia describes this man, speaking from a balcony, being stoned by his subjects while telling them to retreat from their enemy. Cuitlahuac [kweet lah wok] succeeded this man, whose death caused Pedro de Alvarado and hundreds of Europeans to flee the city in La Noche Triste. For ten points, name this ruler of Tenochtitlan whose reign ended with the invasion of Hern´an Cort´es' conquistadors.

Moctezuma II (or Montezuma II; accept Moctezuma Xocoyo) BONUS: Aztec rulers weren't given numbers; Moctezuma "the second" was a Spanish invention, and he was known to the Aztecs as Moctezuma Xocoyo [sho koy oh], with Xocoyo meaning "the younger" in this Mesoamerican language. This language is spoken by over a million people in Mexico today. ANSWER: Nahuatl [nah waht'l] language (prompt on Aztec) Page 4 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2016-2017 Bowl Round 2

(4) This man lost power for five days in the midst of a crisis in which the Italian tanker Rose Mary was captured by the British. This leader's actions kicked off the Abadan Crisis. He was the victim of the 28 Mordad coup, which received assistance from Kermit (+) Roosevelt Jr. and General Norman Schwarzkopf Sr., who had trained the secret police force of his successor. Operation Ajax targeted this man's government after he sought to nationalize an industry controlled by the (*) Anglo-Persian Oil Company. For the point, name this Prime Minister of Iran who was ousted in an U.S. backed coup in 1953.

Mohammad Mosaddegh Page 1 NHBB Nationals Bee 2015-2016 Bee Playoff Round 2

(18) The second epistle to Timothy identifies this figure's enemies as Jannes and Jambres. This man once asked for his name to be blotted out from the Book of Life. His older sister was struck with leprosy for criticizing this man's wife, whom he first met after rescuing her from some heckling shepherds at a well. At Meribah, this man displeased God by striking a rock in anger. For the point, name this author of the Torah who led the Israelites out of Egypt.

Moses (or Moshe)

(4) This group helped plan Operation Noa, which called for the smuggling of missile boats out of Cherbourg. Alois Brunner was maimed by a mail bomb from this group that allegedly designed their explosives to cripple but not kill. This group accidentally caused the death of Ahmed Bouchiki in the Lillehammer affair during retaliatory actions against Black September, and their most high profile raid occurred after discovering the identity of "Ricardo Clement" in Buenos Aires. For ten points, name this Israeli intelligence agency that captured Adolf Eichmann.

Mossad BONUS: Mossad was created by this founder of the IDF and first Prime Minister of Israel. ANSWER: David Ben-Gurion

(5) A city on this ge graph cal feature is home to the heavily Ahmadi neighborhood of Kababir. A book alternately titled for the "Ascent of" this place was written by St. John of the Cross. A re gious leader once stated that God would (+) "sail his Ark" at this location, which prompted Shoghi Effendi to promulgate various Baha´ai buildings at this place. Mental prayer was associated with a member of the (*) Discalced, or barefoot, variety of a sect named for this mountain range. St. Teresa of Avila belonged to a sect named for, for ten points, what Israeli mountain range on which Haifa lies?

Mount Carmel (accept Mount Saint Elias; accept God's vineyard; accept Har ha Karmell accept Kurmul; accept Carmelites and elaborations thereof)

(4) One ruler of this empire met his end after falling down a library staircase while attempting to heed a muezzin's call to prayer. The Nine Jewels, including Birbal, were advisors to this empire, where the Din-i-ilahi religion was established in an attempt to merge Hinduism and Islam. This empire was established following Ibrahim Lodi's defeat at Panipat in 1526. For ten points, name this Indian empire ruled by Humayun and Akbar.

Mughal Empire BONUS: Humayun, the aforementioned ruler who fell down a staircase, was the son of this Mughal founder. ANSWER: Zahir-ud-din Muhammad Babur

(9) This man's attempt to take a settlement on the Penobscot River failed after the Captain of the Good Hope prematurely started a bombardment. Thomas Morton labeled this man "Captain Shrimp" after the latter removed him from Mount Wollaston. This man failed to capture Corbitant in a raid on Nemasket, although the raid influenced Corbitant to declare his loyalty to King James. For ten points, name this soldier, the chief defender of the Plymouth Colony and the subject of a Longfellow poem about his Courtship.

Myles Standish BONUS: Myles Standish frequently advised what first governor of the Plymouth Colony? ANSWER: William Bradford Page 5 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2015-2016 Bowl Round 7

(28) This organization created a trust-building program with its former rivals called Partnership for Peace. It initiated the stay-behind Operation Gladio to prepare for an armed resistance. This organization's mutual defense principle, Article 5, has only been invoked once, immediately following the 9/11 attacks. The Able Archer exercise nearly caused a war between the Warsaw Pact and, for the point, what alliance, founded in 1949 to fight communism in Western Europe, that includes the U.S.?

NATO (or the North Atlantic Treaty Organization) Page 5 NHBB A-Set Bee 2016-2017 Bee Round 3

(6) Shortly after the first of these events, Nelli Kim matched the feat three times. According to legend, Omega's anticipation of this event was ignored by officials, who claimed that equipment with three (+) digits would be suitable for use. Eight years after this event, Mary Lou Retton matched it under the tutelage of the same coach, Bela (*) Karolyi. This event took place seven times at Montreal, beginning with the uneven bars. For ten points, name this flawless feat performed at the 1976 Summer Olympics by a certain Romanian gymnast.

Nadia Comaneci's [koh-mah-nesh's] perfect 10s (accept descriptions; prompt on partial answers)

(1) This group's newspaper was the Final Call, and the Italian Muslim Association issued a fatwa against this group because it fails to advocate prayer five times a day. One member of this group taught his followers about the "Mother Wheel," an alleged UFO found in the book of Ezekiel. Wallace Fard founded this group, which holds that all races were creations of the scientist Yakub. Louis Farrakhan currently leads, for ten points, what predominantly African-American religion whose members included the converted Cassius Clay and Malcolm X?

Nation of Islam BONUS: This influential leader of the Nation of Islam served as mentor to Malcolm X and founded Temple No. 2 in Chicago. He died in 1975. ANSWER: Elijah Muhammad Page 2 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2015-2016 Bowl Round 1

(4) This campaign began with an attack on the post office at Westerplatte. Army groups Pomorze and Poznany were destroyed in the Battle of Bzura during this campaign, in which Marshal Smigly-Ridz called for a retreat to the Romanian Bridgehead. This campaign, which included a false flag attack on a radio station at Gliewitz, benefited from a Soviet invasion as part of the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact. For ten points, name this invasion that began on September 1, 1939, beginning World War II.

Nazi German invasion of Poland (or Nazi German invasion of Poland; accept Fall Weiss; prompt on partial answers; prompt on World War II before mentioned) BONUS: Prior to the Nazi invasion of Poland, Hitler demanded the cession of the Polish Corridor, centered around what free city on the Baltic Sea? ANSWER: Danzig (or Gda´nsk

(6) One song of this country's army is about a girl whose shares a name with a flower called "Erika". All the verses of one song used in this country start with the word "storm" repeated six times. A song from this country, "Forward! Forward!" was first performed in a film about Herbert Norkus. One national anthem of this country was also called "The Flag on High." A song used by its tank units was featured in the 1965 film Battle of the Bulge. For ten points, name this country whose songs included Vorwarts! Vorwarts!, Horst Wessel Lied, and Panzerlied.

Nazi Germany (or the Third Reich; or Deutschland; or Grossdeutsches Reich)

(22) Nineteenth-century travelers through this state's Wildcat Hills would normally use either the Robidoux Pass or the Mitchell Pass. This state's capitol building, designed by Bertram Goodhue, is the second-tallest in the US and hosts an officially non-partisan unicameral legislature. Chimney Rock was a major landmark for people taking the Oregon Trail through this state, which is also home to Scotts Bluff. The Platte River flows through, for the point, what Plains state whose capital is Lincoln and most populous city is Omaha?

Nebraska

(8) This organization drew much of its membership from the Southern and Eastern Associations. William Waller suggested the creation of this organization to the Committee of Both (+) Kingdoms. This organization was the source of the Coldstream Guards and the Blues and Royals, and certain people were not allowed to join it according to the Self-Denying (*) Ordinance. This force, led by Sir Thomas Fairfax, fought against the Cavaliers of Charles I. For the points, name this fighting force organized by Parliament to fight in the English Civil War.

New Model Army (prompt on answers describing an English army; prompt on the Parliamentarian Army) Page 2 NHBB Nationals Bee 2016-2017 Bee Final Round - JV

(5) An event in this US state was the subject of Heather Ann Thompson's 2016 book Blood in the Water and was discussed by the mostly sealed Meyer Report. A 19th century facility in this state developed a system of solitary confinement and prison labor called the Auburn system. William Quinn was one of ten corrections officers killed in this state in a 1971 prison riot that ended with this state's police killing 33 prisoners. For ten points, name this state where Governor Nelson Rockefeller put down the Attica prison riot.

New York BONUS: In addition to the Auburn and Attica prisons, this other New York prison housed an electric chair nicknamed "Old Sparky" where Julius and Ethel Rosenberg were executed in 1953. ANSWER: Sing Sing Correctional Facility (accept Ossining Correctional Facility)

(8) This province is home to Smallwood Reservoir, which was created to service the world's second-largest underground hydropower station. In 1934, high debts forced this province to give up its status as a self-governing dominion. This province is home to Churchill Falls, and a plateau to its southeast known as the Grand Banks was home to a cod fishery that collapsed in 1992. For ten points, what easternmost province of Canada consists of a namesake island and the mainland portion of Labrador?

Newfoundland and Labrador BONUS: What pair of islands off the coast of Newfoundland is the only portion of New France to remain a French possession to this day? ANSWER: St. Pierre and Miquelon (prompt on partial answer)

(6) Description acceptable. The central figure of this controversy cried "Is there an epidemic of cholera or something?" and "What is it, do you have rocket launching pads there?" before trying to explain "This is the situation I am in - your guest." This controversy was the fault of the Los Angeles Police, who were supposedly unable to guarantee that guest's security while his wife, Nina, and his children were to visit "Main Street, USA" and ride the spinning teacups. For ten points, name this 1959 foreign relations gaffe in which the visiting Soviet premier was denied a visit to the "Happiest Place on Earth," a California theme park.

Nikita Khrushchev being denied a trip to Disneyland (accept answers that mention Khrushchev visiting/not being allowed to visit the Disney theme park, but do not accept mentions of "(Walt) Disney World" because that is specifically in Florida and not open for another decade; prompt on partial answers)

(4) This initiative received aid from foreign intelligence in Operation Charly. Court judges were impeded from ruling against this initiative via Operation Silence, and MIR leaders Edgardo Enriquez and Jorge Fuentes were attacked in this initiative. DINA contributed greatly to this operation, which forced Martin Almada to listen to the torture of his wife over telephone. Archives of Terror in Asuncion recorded the actions of this initiative, which was spearheaded by Augusto Pinochet. For ten points, name this CIA-backed cleanup of political enemies and communists in South American countries.

Operation Condor BONUS: Operation Condor was supported by this long time dictator of Paraguay, who renamed Ciudad del Este in his own honor. ANSWER: Alfredo Stroessner Page 3 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2015-2016 Bowl Round 4

(34) This state installed a client king with the Treaty of Rhandeia, despite several defeats to the general Corbulo. The founder of this state was a governor under the Bactrian Diodotus. It fought several wars against Tigranes the Great, who ruled (+) Armenia to the west, using its heavily armored cataphracts. This empire moved its capital to Ctesiphon [tess-ih-phon] on the (*) Tigris in the first century BC, and it was overthrown by Ardashir I of the Sassanids in 224 AD. For the points, name this Persian empire that triumphed over Crassus at the Battle of Carrhae.

Parthian Empire (prompt on Persia before mentioned)

(3) This treaty was preceded by the similar Peace of Passau three years prior. Knights were exempt from this treaty under the Declaratio Ferdinandei, and it followed a failed "Interim" period that was broken by Maurice of Saxony. This treaty, which failed to address the reformed religions of Calvinism and Anabaptism, was signed between the Schmalkaldic League and representatives of Charles V. The principle of cuius regio eius religio was promoted by, for ten points, what 1555 treaty that allowed each prince within the Holy Roman Empire to choose the religion of his territory?

Peace of Augsburg

(6) A res dent of this city, Benjamin Bache, published the Aurora newspaper here. A res dent of this city was social reformer and physician Benjamin (+) Rush. Thousands of slaves fleeing the Haitian Revolution settled in this city in 1793, leading to a deadly outbreak of yellow fever that summer. At a meeting in this city, the (*) Connecticut Compromise settled a dispute over proportional representation between the Virginia and New Jersey plans. For ten points, what city hosted the Constitutional Convention?

Philadelphia

(37) This man was interviewed by Tim Ralfe, who argued that, by choosing to "live in a society that is free and democratic," Ralfe accepts "the fact the people like [this man] may be kidnapped." In response, this man noted "there are a lot of bleeding (+) hearts around who just don't like to see people with helmets and guns," leading Ralfe to ask "how (*) far" this man would go." Three days later, this man signed the War Measures Act in an attempt to resolve a crisis sparked by Pierre Laporte's kidnapping. The quip "Just watch me" was said by, for the point, what Canadian Prime Minister?

Pierre Trudeau

(1) A reduction of the pays d'en haut [pay den hoh] contributed to this conflict. An attack on a wagon train led to the Devil's Hole Massacre in this conflict, during which Jeffrey Amherst used smallpox infected blankets as a weapon during the siege of Fort Pitt. The battles of both Bushy and Bloody Run took place in this conflict, which opened with the siege of Fort Detroit. For ten points, name this Great Lakes-area rebellion that followed the French and Indian War, as an Ottawa chieftain tried to push the British out.

Pontiac's War (or Rebellion, etc.) BONUS: A popular misconception is that Pontiac's War led to this piece of British legislature, which controversially forbade settlement west of the Appalachians and angered the colonists. ANSWER: Proclamation of 1763 Page 2 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2015-2016 Bowl Round 4

(6) Claims that this man had been targeted by the Bulgarian secret service were investigated by the Mitrokhin Commission. During a visit to the Philippines, this man was targeted in the failed Bojinka plot; fourteen years earlier, this man survived an attack from a "Grey Wolf," Mehmet Ali Agca [ah jah]. This man, who encouraged the Solidarity movement in a 1979 speech in Warsaw, succeeded a similarly named pontiff who lasted only thirty three days in office. For ten points, name this Polish pope who was canonized in 2014.

Pope Saint John Paul II (or Karol J´ozef Wojtyla [voy twah]; prompt on "John Paul," but do not prompt on John or Paul alone) BONUS: Another plot against Pope John Paul II took place in 1982 in this Portuguese parish, where three children saw a vision of Mary in 1917. ANSWER: F´atima (accept any elaboration that mentions F´atima and anything to do with the vision, including descriptions of Our Lady of F´atima Page 4 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2016-2017 Bowl Round 5

(8) This was the site of a massacre perpetrated by Yamaji Motoharu following victory at the Battle of Lushunkou. In a later conflict, this location was the site of a poorly executed night attack that managed to only disable the Pallada and Retvizan. Togo Heihachiro planned a surprise attack on this location in an attempt to destroy Oskar Stark's Pacific Fleet on the second day of a war. For ten points, what Manchurian harbor was attacked to mark the beginning of the Russo-Japanese War?

Port Arthur (or Lushun City or Port; accept Ry jun; accept Lushunkou; prompt on Manchuria before mentioned; prompt on the Liaodong Peninsula)

(6) The death of one holder of this position was recorded by Roni Kempler and used as evidence by the Shamgar Commission to force Carmi Gillon to resign. One holder of this position resigned after he was caught having a US Dollar bank account, which he used while serving as an ambassador. (+) Yigal Amir assassinated one holder of this position during a rally in support of the Oslo Accords. The Labor Party's (*) Isaac Herzog lost the most recent election for this position, which was won by the Likud Party. For ten points, name this position previously held by Yitzhak Rabin that is currently held by Benjamin Netanyahu.

Prime Minister of Israel

(3) The two Pelham brothers successively held this post; the elder was forced from office after the loss of Minorca. This position's foundation came from Standing Order 66, which limits the proposal of expenditure bills. As a result of that order, the first holder of this position was also First Lord of the Treasury and came to power after the burst of the South Sea Bubble; that man was Robert Walpole. For ten points, name this political position whose holder lives in 10 Downing Street and is currently the head of Queen Elizabeth's Cabinet.

Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (or PM of UK; accept Great Britain and/or England in place of UK; prompt on partial answers)

(9) A group made of university students that opposed this man lynched Imperial Minister of War Theodor Franz and was called the Academic Legion. The March Revolution repealed a set of laws issued by this man that were passed after the murder of the writer August von Kotzebue. The incendiary speeches of Lajos Kossuth partially caused this man's resignation and temporary exile. For ten points, name this reactionary statesman who fled Austria during the Revolutions of 1848, ending this man's namesake "age" that began with the Congress of Vienna.

Prince Klemens Wenzel von Metternich (accept Clement Wenceslas Lothar von MetternichWinneburg-Beilstein) BONUS: Metternich, the pope, the czar, and this man formed a "holy alliance" against communism, according to Karl Marx. Metternich and this prime minister under Louis-Philippe both supported the breakaway states in the Sonderbund War. ANSWER: Fran¸cois Guizot Page 5 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2015-2016 Bowl Round 13

(1) A nominally neutral party in this war was led by Teganissorens, who concluded negotiations with the losing side's commander, Vaudreuil. Aggrieved losers from this war fought Dummer's War about a decade later. The losing side flauted the treaty ending this war by reconstructing Fort Niagara in 1722. This war's loser retained Cape Breton, but was forced to cede Saint Kitts as well as Newfoundland and Acadia. Partly fought over the patronage of the Iroquois, this conflict was ended by the Treaty of Utrecht, as it is the North American phase of the Thirty Years' War. For ten points, name this war, named in America for the final Stuart ruler.

Queen Anne's War (accept Thirty Years' War until mentioned) BONUS: Twice besieged and captured by the English in the later 18th Century, this fastness on Cape Breton Island was founded as English Harbor to defend the island during Queen Anne's War. ANSWER: Louisbourg

(2) Richard Brewer was appointed the leader of a group with this name by John B. Wilson. That group was created to catch the killers of John Tunstall. William Tyrod defeated a force with this name, led by Herman Husband, at the Battle of Alamance in North Carolina. One group of this name employed Billy the Kid during the (+) Lincoln County War. A militia group of this name was led by Charles Jackson in Shelby County, close to the Louisiana-Texas border, in a cattle-thieving conflict in which 40 people died in the (*) 1840s. For the point, give this shared name of several 19th century forces, one of which fought a war with the Moderators, who used vigilante action to control the government.

Regulators (accept Lincoln Country Regulators; do not accept vigilantes)

(6) Article 5 of this document applied the death penalty, replacing life imprisonment, to crimes of poison, flooding, and damage to railways. This proclamation, a response to a crime committed by Marinus van der Lubbe, suspended six Constitutional articles, including protection against unlawful searches and the freedom of the press. Walter Ulbricht went into exile to evade arrest under this proclamation, as did other leaders of the KDP, a Communist party. For ten points, name this February 28, 1933 anti-civil liberty decree, issued by Chancellor Paul von Hindenburg in the wake of an arson on the German Parliament building.

Reichstag Fire Decree (or the Decree of the Reich Pres dent for the Protection of People and State, or the Reichstagsbrandverordnung; accept equivalents for decree; accept descriptions of a decree passed after the Reichstag fire; prompt on partial answers, like "Reichstag decree;" prompt on the Weimar Constitution before "proclamation" is said) BONUS: A month after the Reichstag Fire Decree, Hindenburg gave Hitler four years of plenary power via this act. This amendment to the Weimar Constitution gave the Cabinet the right to enact laws with no Reichstag involvement. ANSWER: Enabling Act (or the Law to Remedy the Distress of People and Reich, or the Erm¨achtigungsgesetz

(31) Margaret Thatcher's son Mark was imprisoned after supporting a 2004 coup attempt in this country. Prisoners in this country were executed to the tune of the song "Those Were the Days" by a firing squad dressed up as (+) Santa Claus. This country, which gained independence under Francisco Macias Nguema, is currently led by his nephew, Teodoro Obiang. Oil reserves off of (*) Bioko Island heavily bolster the GDP, if not the general welfare of, for the point, what former Spanish colony in Sub-Saharan Africa whose capital is Malabo?

Republic of Equatorial Guinea (do not accept or prompt on Guinea)

(33) Francis Dufty worked a photographer in this country, whose first British governor was Hercules Robinson. A period of prevalent cannibalism and violence in this country is referred to as "the time of the devil." (+) Charles Savage was known for his exploits in this country, whose chiefs were given the title (*) Ratu. Frank Bainimarama led a military government in this country, whose major cities include Lambasa and Savusavu. Viti Levu is the largest island of, for the points, what island country in Oceania where George Konrote leads in Suva?

Republic of Fiji (accept Matanitu Tugalala o Viti before "Viti" is read)

(5) This city lost one battle after the Count d'Arras led a charge of knights crying "Saint George" and a traitor chopped off the hand of its standard-bearer. One leader of this city, whose dominion was southeast of Modena and Lucca, wrote The Triumph of the Cross after Alexander VI excommunicated him for burning ancient texts and paintings in Bonfires of the Vanities. For ten points, name this city ruled by Savonarola, Lorenzo the Magnificent, and Cosimo de Medici.

Republic of Florence (or Firenze or Florentine Republic) Page 1 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2015-2016 Bowl Round 5

(1) One leader of this country made a speech noting that "Man's dearest possession is life," a quote from a Nikolai Ostrovsky novel; that speech advocating this country's independence was the "Motion of Destiny" speech. W.E.B. Dubois died in this nation, where aluminum smelters were powered using the Akosombo Dam. While visiting North Vietnam, this country's first post-independence leader was overthrown in 1966; that leader was Kwame Nkrumah. For ten points, name this country, once known as the Gold Coast which has its capital at Accra.

Republic of Ghana BONUS: In 2012, this Ghanian president died in office, the only one to have done so. ANSWER: John Atta Mills

(15) This nation was invaded by Simon Spoor in Operation Product, and the Renville Agreement prompted a ceasefire within it. Mataram, Siak, and Srivijaya were primarily located in this modern nation, where a 1966 regime change led to the New Order replacing Guided Democracy. The predominantly Christian territory of Timor-Leste officially gained its independence from this mostly Islamic country in 2002. For the point, name this Asian archipelagic nation once led by Sukarno from Jakarta.

Republic of Indonesia Page 3 NHBB B-Set Bee 2016-2017 Bee Round 2

(5) Cit zens of this country cel brate its re population after both World Wars with Angam Day. Res dents of this country have the world's highest rate of type di betes and obesity, and one of its largest employers is (+) detention center holding people who seek asylum to Australia. The center of this island nation now consists of barren limestone pinnacles, as a result of the depletion of its once-rich (*) phosphate reserves. Yaren is home to the government of, for ten points, what tiny Pacific Island nation, the world's second least-populous?

Republic of Nauru

(20) The main character of a play in this genre disguises himself as Mr. Courtage at a ball as part of a scheme to make his tiresome lover jealous of his many loves. A play in this genre includes a back and forth dialogue specifying a (+) marriage contract in its Proviso Scene. Sir Fopling Flutter appears in a play in this genre, George (*) Etherege's The Man of Mode. A play in this genre is about the courtship of Mirabell and Millamant. William Congreve's The Way of the World was an example of, for the points, what literary works produced in England to entertain after the ascent of Charles II to the throne?

Restoration Comedy (prompt on partial answers, including Restoration drama)

(2) During this event, an executioner named Ser Nuto was lynched, hung by his foot, and ripped apart by a mob. A group called the Eight took power during this event, after which the (+) Albizzi family rose to prominence. The first leader of this event was declared gonfaloniere of justice and was named Michele di Lando, and this event was partly caused by popular resentment over the power held by the (*) Arte della Lana. The participants in this uprising were part of the popolo minuto and had little power since they were not part of a guild. For ten points, name this uprising of wool carders in Florence.

Revolt of the Ciompi

(56) One general in this war mockingly taunted his retreating soldiers by yelling "Run, run, the bogeyman is coming!" During this war, a battleship ran aground on Cape Three Forks and could not be salvaged. During this war, the losing side captured supplies in the Disaster of (+) Annual. Francisco Franco served as a commander of the Tercio de Extranjeros during this war, in which Hugo Stoltzenberg supplied one side in this war with (*) mustard gas, which broke the will of troops led by Abd el-Krim. For the point, name this colonial war between Spain and tribes of the namesake mountainous Moroccan region.

Rif War (or War of Melilla) Page 13 NHBB Nationals Bee 2015-2016 Bee Final Round

(32) In 1944, the SS Richard Montgomery struck a sandbar and sunk in the mouth of this river while holding hundreds of tons of explosives. This river's estuary is home to the Shivering Sands and Red Sands forts, which were designed by Guy Maunsell to provide (+) anti-air protection. Several plans have been proposed to build a man-made island in this river's estuary, possibly near Cliffe in (*) Kent, for use by a new airport to alleviate congestion at Gatwick and Heathrow. For the points, name this river that, during World War II, provided ground-based navigation for the Luftwaffe as they tried to bomb London.

River Thames

(4) The book A Russian Journal was illustrated with this man's photos. A photo taken by this man in the Sicilian village of Sperlinga shows an elderly peasant pointing towards where German troops had gone to an American soldier. One of this man's photos shows an American soldier struggling in the surf during the D-Day landings, one of his blurry "Magnificent Eleven" photos. Though its authenticity is debated, this man's most famous photo shows the death of Federico Borrell Garcia as his outstretched right hand drops his rifle. For ten points, name this Hungarian-born war photographer who took "The Falling Soldier."

Robert Capa (accept Endre Friedmann) BONUS: Another photograph that was accused of being posed was the iconic photograph of the raising of the flag on Mount Suribachi, which was taken by what photographer? ANSWER: Joseph Rosenthal

(10) Two answers required. These two men met after one graduated from NYU Medical School and set two broken bones of the other, a civil engineer, while on a trip to Europe. While evidence suggests one did actually visit Meighen Island, supporters of the other, such as Matthew (+) Henson, doubted other parts of the story. Sir Wally Herbert eventually concluded that neither of these men accomplished what they claimed. These men's dispute led Roald (*) Amundsen to remove all doubt about his performing a similar feat in 1911. For the point, name these two American explorers who both claimed to have reached the North Pole first in the early 1900's.

Robert Peary and Frederick Cook (accept in either order; prompt if only one is given)

(8) When asked about gathering support from this organization, Joseph Stalin asked how many legions it had. Plutarco Calles [kai-ays] attacked the power of this organization, sparking the (+) Cristero War. Members of this organization were allowed to join the army by an Act that triggered the Gordon Riots. The (*) Pulpit Law excluded officials in this organization from endangering the peace by commenting on politics, part of an effort to fight this organization by Otto von Bismarck. The Kulturkampf opposed, for ten points, what religious organization led by the Pope?

Roman Catholic Church

(3) In this nation, the Legionnaires' Rebellion was led by Horia Sima. This Legionary State lost territory in the Second Vienna Award and was ruled by several conduc˘ators. This nation, which orig nated as union between (+) Wallachia and Moldavia, was the base of a secret police called the Securitate [sec ur ih TAH tay]. Ion Antonescu supplied Nazi Germany with oil as he ruled this nation, another ruler of which was (*) executed on Christmas 1989. For ten points, name this Eastern European country once ruled by Nicolae Ceau¸sescu [cho chess koo] from Bucharest.

Romania

(31) A period of domination by the Theophylacti family in this city was known as the saeculum obscurum, or Rule of the Harlots. Olimpia Aldobrandini was the heir to a family fortune in this city, which passed to her husband, Camilio Pamphili. Benvenuto Cellini defended this city during the War of the League of Cognac, though it was captured and sacked by forces loyal to Emperor Charles V. This city's Aurelian Walls were breached on the Vente Settembre by Piedmont-Sardinia, resulting in the capital of a new country being moved here from Florence. For the point, name this capital of Italy.

Rome

(2) During this event, a character foreshadows that "stony limits cannot hold love out." The modern setting for this event was foreign to the author; instead, this scene's modern staging was introduced by Thomas Otway's highly-imitative History and Fall of Caius Marius, during which (+) Lavinia says "be but sworn my Love / and I'll no longer call Metellus parent." The line "But (*) soft! What light through yonder window breaks?" opens, for the point, what scene that traditionally takes place in and above the Capulets' garden in Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet?

Romeo and Juliet's balcony scene (accept Act 2, Scene 2 of Romeo and Juliet)

(6) One member of this family is last seen repeatedly shouting "It's a lie!" to a "pitchfork senator." Another member of this family buys a five cent glass of beer using a hundred dollar bill and is given ninety five cents back. That character is sent to prison and becomes a thief alongside Jack Duane, then an agent of the corrupt (+) Mike Scully. The patriarch of this family loses his son, Antanas, when he drowns in the muddy street. That patriarch of this family is introduced at the beginning of the book as he marries (*) Ona Lukoszaite at a bar in Packingtown. For ten points, name this family of Lithuanian immigrants whose patriarch Jurgis is the main character of Upton Sinclair's The Jungle.

Rudkus (accept Antanas Rudkus, Jurgis Rudkus, or Ona Rudkus)

(5) One of this man's works ends with a prayer asking whether this is the "fullness of Joy" that the Lord promises. That work by this man opens with an "exhortation of the mind to the contemplation of God," who this man defined as a "being greater than which none can be conceived" in what is now considered the original ontological argument for God's existence. The Proslogion was written by, for ten points, what early 12th century Archbishop of Canterbury who is often considered the founder of Scholasticism?

Saint Anselm of Canterbury Page 1 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2015-2016 Bowl Round 6

(47) This man attempted to restructure the economy with the Vuskovic Plan. Carlos Prats' loyalists helped this man resist an army revolt known as the "tank putsch." He gained power at the head of the "Popular Unity" coalition in an election against Jorge Alessandrini. This man committed suicide with an AK47 rather than resign as rebel forces prepared to storm La Moneda palace on September 11, 1973. For the point, name this socialist president of Chile whom the CIA replaced with Augusto Pinochet.

Salvador Allende

(10) Description acceptable. This speech notes that "Other men will overcome this dark and bitter moment when treason seeks to prevail." Two officers criticized in this speech for disloyalty are Jose Merino and Cesar Mendoza, though it praises Rene Schneider for teaching tradition to the armed forces. This speech, which includes the exclamation "I will not resign!," was given in La Moneda Palace via Radio Magallanes before its speaker committed suicide with an AK-47 given to him by Fidel Castro. For ten points, name this final speech of a leader who was overthrown in 1973 by a coup that brought Augusto Pinochet to power.

Salvador Allende last speech (accept equivalents for "last," such as "farewell"; accept equivalents for speech) BONUS: Richard Nixon supported this CIA covert operation, which sought to prevent Allende's rise and/or get him overthrown in a coup. Documents regarding this project were declassified 25 years after Allende's death. ANSWER: Project (or Operation) FUBELT (accept Track II

(7) While returning from filming for the TV show Lime Street, this woman was killed aboard the Bar Harbor Flight 1808 crash. This woman's time at the Artek pioneer camp was recounted in the memoir Journey to the Soviet Union. This figure famously asked "I would like to know why you want to conquer the world, or at least our country" after expressing that she had "been worrying about the United States and Russia getting into a nuclear war" in a letter. For ten points, name "America's Youngest Ambassador," a schoolgirl who wrote a 1982 letter to Yuri Andropov.

Samantha Smith BONUS: Samantha Smith once hung up a phone call on this first woman to orbit the earth, because she didn't know who this cosmonaut was. ANSWER: Valentina Tereshkova

(7) Rhetoric riddled with "impious language" was part of the "extremely irregular and indecent" behavior that led to this man's expulsion from a Forensic Club in Annapolis in 1762. This one-time member of the Sons of Liberty allegedly refused to allow a group to disband unless it indicted a particular printer in the New Castle case; that event, along with his questionable handling of the trial of John Fries, contributed to a set of hearings in 1804 accusing this man of Federalist bias in his judicial decisions. For ten points, name this only Supreme Court justice to have ever been impeached.

Samuel Chase (do not accept Salmon Chase) (8) Near the beginning of this battle, 75 prisoners of war were killed in the Bloody Gulch Massacre. A road that extended through a mountain valley at the site of this battle was named the "Bowling Alley." The Great Naktung Offensive was part of this battle. While this battle was ongoing, a surprise amphibious assault was launched on Inchon. For ten points, name this early battle in the Korean War in which U.N. forces defended a namesake 140-mile long defensive barrier, the high water mark of North Korean advancement. ANSWER: Battle of the Pusan Perimeter (prompt on Battle of Pusan)

(4) This man called to connect the "frost belt with the sun belt" as he supported the construction of Route 66. This man, who refused payment from the Santa Fe Railroad Company, succeeded William Bankhead in his highest post. This politician commonly wore cowboy boots in his district and held meetings among a group of friends that he called the Board of Education. This prot´eg´e of John Nance Garner mentored Lyndon Johnson in the Senate. For ten points, name this Democrat from Texas, the longest-serving Speaker of the US House of Representatives.

Samuel Taliaferro Rayburn BONUS: This other Speaker of the House often quarreled with President Carter before serving during Reagan's term. This Boston Democrat often noted that "all politics is local." ANSWER: Tip O'Neill

(3) In his early career, this man managed Horatio Seymour's unsuccessful 1868 campaign for the presidency. This man was hurt by allegations of corruption after the discovery of the Cipher Dispatches, though as Governor of New York he had gained an upstanding reputation for breaking the Canal Ring. This man lost an election when an electoral commission headed by Joseph Bradley awarded twenty electoral votes to his rival, prompting a compromise that ended Reconstruction. For ten points, name this man who lost the election of 1876 to Rutherford B. Hayes.

Samuel Tilden BONUS: Joseph Bradley headed the 1876 Electoral Commission instead of this trusted independent figure after Democrats in Illinois voted this man into the US Senate, thinking it would sway his opinion; instead, this man resigned his seat on the Supreme Court to join the Senate, and thus could not be named to the Commission at all. ANSWER: David Davis

(40) Probably as revenge for discussing this event, Silas Soule was murdered a few months later. Its instigator had previously fought with John Slough at the Battle of Glorieta Pass. Shortly after this event took place, George Bent and his brother fought the Battle of (+) Julesburg alongside a band of Dog Soldiers out of revenge. In 2014, Governor John Hickenlooper formally apologized for this event, which took place in modern-day Kiowa County and was carried out by the soldiers of John (*) Chivington, despite the flag of peace flown by Black Kettle. For the point, name this November 29, 1864, incident where a Colorado militia massacred a Cheyenne and Arapaho village.

Sand Creek massacre (or equivalents; accept Chivington massacre before his name is mentioned)

(2) This event was partially caused by one side's desire to defend Rudolf II's Letter of Majesty. One man involved in this event was later given the fitting title Baron von Hohenfall, Phillip Fabricius. Three men involved in this event were supposedly saved by divine intervention, though they were more likely saved by the massive dung heap at the base of the building from which they were thrown out of. For ten points, name this incident in which Catholic representatives were thrown out of a window by Protestants, triggering the Thirty Years War.

Second Defenestration of Prague (accept Defenestration of Prague 1618; prompt on partial answer) BONUS: Shortly after the Second Defenestration of Prague, a ruler with what name was declared Elector Palatine and was promptly defeated at the Battle of White Mountain, thus earning him the nickname "the Winter King?" ANSWER: Frederick V, the Winter King

(2) This speech notes that Tito did not fall at the shaking of a finger because it had the support of a state behind him. This oration prompted Enver Hoxha [ho-cha] to condemn the speaker as a revisionist, and audience members at this oration allegedly fell ill and had to be carried out of the room. This oration was read at many meetings of the Konsomol, rendering its nickname somewhat misleading. For ten points, name this Nikita Khrushchev speech that attacked the personality cult of Joseph Stalin.

Secret Speech (or On the Cult of Personality and Its Consequences) BONUS: This rival briefly served as party leader after Stalin's death, but fell out of favor in Khrushchev's regime. After a failed 1957 coup, he was expelled from the Politburo; in 1961, he was exiled to Kazakhstan. ANSWER: Georgy Malenkov

(1) Bacchides avenged this empire's defeat at Adasa with victory at Elasa. Alexander Balas was a pretender king of this empire. After the battle of Magnesia, this empire was compelled to sign the Treaty of Apamea, which gave their holdings to (+) Pergamum and Rhodes. This empire employed Nicanor, who was defeated by Judas Maccabeus. The founder of this empire received 500 war elephants from (*) Chandragupta Maurya, which were effective in the battle of Ipsus against the Antigonids. Antioch was the capital of this empire. For ten points, name this Hellenistic empire, founded by a former general of Alexander, that included Persia, Mesopotamia, and parts of Anatolia.

Seleucid Empire BONUS: Augustus II the Strong held what type of blood sport in Dresden, killing over 600 animals? ANSWER: fox tossing

(4) This city was once taken over by the Small Swords Society. An incident within this city, in which Isao Oyama shot an airport guard to death, helped heighten tensions prior to (+) World War II. An international settlement was built in this city after it became the highest profile port to be opened to trade in the Treaty of Whampoa. Most of Jiang Qing's (*) Gang of Four was based in this city, which is now the site of the international Bund, or Waitan, district. For ten points, name this port city of eastern China, one of the most populous cities in the world.

Shanghai

(1) A tunnel built in this city connected Dobrinja [doh brin ya] and Butmir, allowing civilian escape and the inflow of humanitarian aid. The Markale [mar kah lay] massacres occurred in this city, where a battle was triggered by protests in front of a Holiday Inn. Stanislav Gali´c [gall itch] was convicted of crimes against humanity for his actions in this city. The attacking forces of the Republika Srpska replaced those of the Yugoslav People's Army in this city, where fighting was ended by the Dayton Accords. For ten points, name this capital city that was brutally besieged during the Bosnian War.

Siege of Sarajevo BONUS: This type of soldier was deployed in Sarajevo, but failed to stop the violence. These forces, drawn from many different nations, wear distinctive blue helmets. ANSWER: United Nations peacekeepers (or the United Nations Protection Force or UNPROFOR

(25) A French Mirage 2000 jet was shot down by forces carrying out this event near the town of Pale. The "Romeo and Juliet" of this event's location were killed while trying to cross the Vrbanja [vir-bahn-ya] Bridge, which was part of Sniper Alley. Mortar shell attacks on the (+) Markale Marketplace during this event were used to justify the NATO-led Operation Deliberate Force. This event ended shortly after the signing of the Dayton Agreement, which ended a conflict where the Republic of (*) Srpska tried to unify with Serbia. For the point, name this almost 4-year-long siege of a capital city during the Bosnian War.

Siege of Sarajevo Page 6 NHBB Nationals Bee 2015-2016 Bee Playoff Round 1

(7) [Note: description acceptable] This event was inspired by its performer's time at a Magdalene Laundry. A week after this event, Joe Pesci said that he would have "grabbed" this event's performer "by her eyebrows." It occurred during a live broadcast of a rendition of Bob Marley's "War" and encouraged viewers to "fight the real enemy." In its aftermath, the religious groups protested this event by using steamrollers to destroy records of songs like "Nothing Compares 2 U." For ten points, name this 1992 incident in which an Irish singer desecrated an image of a religious leader on Saturday Night Live.

Sinead O'Connor ripping up a picture of the Pope John Paul II (accept synonyms for "ripping" and "picture"; prompt on partial answers that do not include person, action, and specific item)

(5) TV shows from this country include Autumn in My Heart and Winter Sonata. This country's cultural exportation, dubbed the Hallyu, increased upon the release of a video featuring a man who sings on the toilet and pretends to ride a horse as the title "big brother." A show set in this country features Hawkeye Pierce, played by Alan Alda, as he worked in a field hospital during a 1950's war. For ten points, name this setting of the show M*A*S*H and home country of PSY.

South Korea (or Republic of Korea; prompt on Korea) Page 1 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2015-2016 Bowl Backup Round 1

(4) A conjecture that this mathematician names with Petersson claims that his namesake tau function of p is less than or equal to two times p to the eleven-halves power. This man found many formulae for q-series and mock theta functions that were published in 1987 as part of his "Lost Notebook." This mathematician told his advisor that his taxicab number, 1729, is the smallest integer that can be written as the sum of two different pairs of perfect cubes. For ten points, name this Indian mathematician, a prominent colleague of G.H. Hardy, the subject of The Man Who Knew Infinity

Srinivasa Ramanujan BONUS: Ramanujan and Hardy worked at this specific college at the University of Cambridge, whose alumni include Isaac Newton and Lord Byron. ANSWER: Trinity College

(4) Henry Graham regarded it his "sad duty" that he and Nicholas Katzenbach were ordered to break up this event. The man who performed this event had earlier "[tossed] the gauntlet before the feet of tyranny" in a speech supporting this event's goal. Unexpectedly, (+) Dave McGlathery did not arrive at the Foster Auditorium to attend this event, which opposed the actions of Vivian Malone and James Hood. John F. Kennedy ordered the (*) National Guard to stop this event, whose perpetrator had promised "segregation today, segregation tomorrow, segregation forever". For ten points, name this June 11, 1963 act of opposition to the integration of the University of Alabama, in which George Wallace literally obstructed a civil right.

Stand in the Schoolhouse Door (propmt on descriptions of George Wallace preventing the integration of the University of Alabama before "University" is read) Page 10 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2015-2016 Bowl Round 10

(27) This event was predicted by Roger Babson, the namesake of a "Break" that preceded this event by about a month. This event was investigated by a commission led by Ferdinand Pecora. In the lead-up to this event, P-E ratios peaked at an all-time high of 32.6, and this event worsened as margin calls came in. This event encompassed days called Black Thursday, Monday, and Tuesday. For the point, name this economic event that marked the end of the Roaring Twenties and triggered the Great Depression.

Stock Market Crash of 1929 (accept other elaborations, like Wall Street Crash of 1929, Dow Crash of 1929, etc.; prompt on stock market crash, etc., if given without the year; prompt on Black Thursday, Monday, and/or Tuesday before mentioned; prompt on Great Depression before mentioned)

(29) The Japanese cruise ship Haguro was sunk in this body of water, which shares its name with a sultanate founded by Parameswara. The state of Negeri Sembilan has a coastline on this body of water, just a few miles southeast of a city in the Klang Valley where the (+) Petronas Towers were built. The significance of this body of water to international trade would be reduced by a canal through the Isthmus of (*) Kra, as proposed by Thailand. For the point, name this strait that separates the Malay Peninsula from the island of Sumatra.

Strait of Malacca (or Malacca Strait) Page 7 NHBB Nationals Bee 2015-2016 Bee Playoff Round 1

(4) This program's Homing Overlay Experiment failed its first three tests before passing a probably rigged fourth test. Project CHECMATE was created to research hypervelocity railguns for use in this program, which called for the "Brilliant Pebbles," a system which would have made use of tungsten rods. Ted Kennedy derided this program as a "reckless scheme" and coined its colloquial name. Ronald Reagan proposed, for ten points, what defense system that would have placed nuclear missiles in space, whose nickname references a popular science-fiction film?

Strategic Defense Initiative (or SDI; accept Star Wars)

(10) This leader effectively broke off relations with the United States by repeatedly shouting "To hell with your aid!" An early teacher of this man was Omar Said Tjokroaminoto. This man contrasted "Nekolim," or neocolonialism, with "Nefo," or "New Emerging Forces." He formulated the Pantjasila, or Five (+) Principles, for his new state. This man was targeted by a failed army coup called the September 30th Movement, and established (*) "Guided Democracy". For the point, what first president of independent Indonesia was succeeded by Suharto?

Sukarno (or Soekarno; accept Kusnasosro; prompt on Bung Karno)

(20) After this game, the winning coach noted that "Detroit has had" Hank Stram's defense "for years." In this game, Willie Wood returned a Len Dawson interception 50 yards and Max McGree caught two touchdowns from Bart Starr. In January 2016, a compilation broadcast of all of this game's plays was broadcast on NFL Network on its 49th anniversary. For the point, name this game in which Green Bay defeated Kansas City in the first AFL-NFL World Championship Game.

Super Bowl 1 (accept first AFL-NFL World Championship Game before "AFL" is said) Page 4 NHBB Nationals Bee 2015-2016 Bee Round 5

(1) Salginatobel is a concrete arch bridge in this country designed by Robert Maillart. This country is currently dismantling a system of thousands of demolition points throughout its national bridges and roads to defend against invasion. Christian (+) Menn has designed numerous bridges in this country, largely inspired by his upbringing in this country's (*) canton of Graubunden. For ten points, name this country where many of its best engineers were educated at ETH Zurich.

Switzerland BONUS: Seven Pillars of Wisdom is an autobiographical work detailing part of what British soldier's career abroad? ANSWER: Lawrence of Arabia (or Thomas Edward Lawrence)

(7) The day before 2004 elections on this island, Annette Lu and Chen Shui-bian were shot. After easier negotiations for part of Liaodong and the Penghu Islands, China begrudgingly granted Japan control of this island in the 1895 Treaty of Shimonoseki. Lee Teng-hui once served as president of a government that rules this island, where Tsai Ing-wen was elected president in 2016.. For ten points, name this island, formerly known as Formosa, that, since 1949, has been home to the government of the People's Republic of China.

Taiwan (accept Formosa before mentioned; do not accept Republic of China) (8) A Polish World War II refugee is hired by the McIntyre family in this author's "The Displaced Person." One of this author's characters forms the "Holy Church of Christ Without Christ" to rival the street preaching of atheist World War II veteran Hazel Motes. In another of this author's stories, Julian resents his racist mother, yet accompanies her on the bus to the Y. For ten points, name this Southern Gothic author of Wise Blood and the collection Everything that Rises Must Converge and A Good Man is Hard to Find. ANSWER: Flannery O'Connor

(33) This man may have died at Otrar after drinking too much iced water. This grandfather of Ulugh Beg attached flaming hay stacks to camels in order to scare away elephants during a campaign against the Tughlaq dynasty. This man, who died as he preparing a campaign against the Ming, expanded his power by defeating his rival Tokhtamysh at the Terek River and used the heads of rebels at Isfahan to form 28 pyramids. For the point, name this 14th century Central Asian conqueror, named for his hip injury.

Tamerlane (or Timur the Lame)

(7) This man gained the respect of his enemies after stopping a massacre at Fort Meigs. The appearance of a comet helped this man helped convince his troops of victory, since his name meant "shooting star." This ally of Henry Proctor had earlier worked closely with Isaac Brock in the siege of Detroit, and his support swelled following the New Madrid Earthquake. Following his death at the Battle of the Thames, his confederation of tribes fell apart. For ten points, name this Native American chieftain who fought alongside the British in the War of 1812.

Tecumseh BONUS: Tecumseh was a member of this tribe, which was based in the Ohio River Valley and fought at the battle of Point Pleasant under Chief Cornstalk. ANSWER: Shawnee Page 4 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2015-2016 Bowl Round 1

(2) A ge logic formation within this state includes the Ozona Arch and Val Verde Basin, and its Yates Oil Field is located west of the Edwards Plateau in this state's (+) Trans-Pecos. In the 1920s, the Cowden Field turned this state's cities of Odessa and Midland in the oil-producing Permian Basin into boom towns. The nation's largest refinery is found at (*) Port Arthur here, and a salt dome in this state near Beaumont was the site of the Spindletop gusher in 1901. For ten points, many oil companies such as ConocoPhilips are headquartered in what state's largest city of Houston?

Texas

(10) In 1892, Isaac Bruce was falsely convicted of rape in this state but saved from hanging by governor James Hogg. After the murder of Lucy Fryer in this state, the accused supposedly pled guilty during a one-hour-long trial attended by 10,000 people; after four minutes of jury deliberation, the lynch mob castrated, burned, and desecrated of the body of Jesse Washington, an act later labeled a "Horror." The aforementioned Bruce case stemmed from an incident during the Juneteenth holiday, which commemorates this state's 1865 abolishment of slavery. For ten points, name this state, the site of the 1916 Waco Horror.

Texas Second Quarter

(4) According to Aristotle, this man bought all the olive oil presses in his city after predicting a good olive harvest. This philosopher's students, including Anaximander and Anaximenes, belonged to a school of thought named after his hometown. That school of thought attempted to explain phenomena scientifically instead of through divine action. For ten points, name this pre-Socratic philosopher from Miletus who believed that the "first principle" of matter was water.

Thales [thay-lees] of Miletus BONUS: Herodotus claims that Thales also foretold that one of these events would occur in 585 BC. That one of these events ended a battle between Lydian and Median forces near the Halys River. ANSWER: solar eclipse

(7) The failed Wagner-Rogers Bill attempted to help 20,000 children during this event. Josiah E. Dubois authored the "Report to the Secretary on the Acquiescence of This Government in" this event, which attacked the State Department's apathy toward it. The War Refugee Board rescued thousands of victims of this event, though Cuba and the United States refused entry to 900 people fleeing this event aboard the SS Saint Louis. For ten points, name this event that was more or less neglected by FDR's administration until US troops started liberating concentration camps.

The Holocaust (or Shoah

(6) Directed by Kenneth Bainbridge, this operation's handlers used the McDonald Ranch House in the Jornada del Muerto to house and assemble its components. This operation was commemorated by General J. Frederick Thorlin, who had a lava-rock obelisk erected to mark its hypocenter. This event ended up not using Jumbo, a steel containment vessel. It was probably codenamed from the poems of John Donne, and it centered on an object called the Gadget, which released the equivalent of 20 kilotons of TNT as a Fat Man-type implosion device. For ten points, name this July 16, 1945 explosive detonation at New Mexico's Alamogordo Bombing Range, the world's first atomic bomb test.

Trinity test (accept Alamogordo test before "Alamogordo;" prompt on descriptive answers) BONUS: The Trinity Gadget and other Fat Man-type nuclear devices use implosion of this radioactive metal to create runaway fission. In the Gadget, this metal was surrounded by a beryllium tamper to amplify the number of neutrons. ANSWER: plutonium

(8) This man's ideas were challenged by Nikolai Vavilov, who was then thrown in prison and died. This man claimed that by exposing plants to high moisture and low temperatures, he could convert winter wheat to spring wheat, a process known as "vernalization" or "Jarovization." This advocate of acquired characteristics was dismissed from the Institute of Genetics in 1965 after criticisms from his colleague Andrei Sakharov. For ten points, name this Stalin-supported pseudo-scientist, an anti-Mendelian thinker whose crackpot ideas on genetics influenced Soviet agricultural policy.

Trofim Lysenko

(1) This leader gained power by beating Eric Chu in a 2016 campaign that capitalized on Think Think and Ah Tsai, her cats. This leader, the first of her country with Hakka ancestry, controversially discussed arms sales with Ted Cruz and received a clock from Cruz's delegation, despite the taboo against giving clocks in Chinese culture. This leader's 2017 visit to America and call to President-elect Donald Trump sparked fears of Chinese retribution. For ten points, name this President of Taiwan.

Tsai Ing-wen BONUS: Tsai chairs this Taiwanese political party, which currently holds 34 more seats than the Kuomintang in the Legislative Yuan. ANSWER: Democratic Progressive Party (or DPP; do not prompt on partial answers)

(5) George Pearkes described a contingency for this action as a "fantastic desperate plan" which "just might have worked." That plan, developed by James Brown, called for the immediate seizure of the Great Falls at the occurrence of this event. (+) Defense Scheme No. 1 was designed to prevent this action which was called for in War Plan Crimson. In planning for this action, one government noted that Route 99 "is the best practicable route to (*) Vancouver." For ten points, name this hypothetical action in which American forces would have attempted to seize cities like Ottawa.

U.S. invasion of Canada Page 10 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2015-2016 Bowl Round 8

(9) Three answers required. These three countries signed the London Straits Convention with the Ottoman Empire to ensure that their ships could safely pass through the Dardanelles. Two of these countries agreed to not trade with the third with the Treaty of Tilsit; for violating that agreement, one of those two countries was invaded in 1812. These three countries fought each other on opposite sides during the Crimean War. For ten points, name these three members of the Triple Entente in WWI.

United Kingdom, France, and Russia (accept Great Britain or England for UK) BONUS: Otto von Bismarck attempted to create what alliance of Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Russia in order to effectively control Eastern Europe? ANSWER: League of the Three Emperors Page 5 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2015-2016 Bowl Round 6

(4) Two answers required. The last tied game between these two teams resulted when Tuan Van Le blocked a field goal attempt by Robbie Keen. 22 fans died on Thanksgiving Day, 1900, at a game between these two teams after a flimsy warehouse roof collapsed. The "Immoral 21" stole the (+) axe used as a trophy for this rivalry's annual game. In 1982, John Elway, a quarterback for one of these two teams, had his Rose Bowl hopes dashed by a miraculous play involving five lateral passes and a (*) marching band on the field. For ten points, name these two Bay Area colleges which play each other annually in the Big Game.

University of California, Berkeley and Stanford University (accept either underlined part for University of California, Berkeley; accept California Golden Bears and Stanford Cardinal or Trees) Page 9 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2015-2016 Bowl Round 3

(36) The "Arm of the Arab Revolution" led by Carlos the Jackal held hostages in this city. Gabriel D'Annunzio dropped thousands of propaganda leaflets over this city during a "flight over" it. A film set in this city included (+) zither music by Anton Karas and a screenplay by Graham Greene; that film, The Third Man, was set during its Allied occupation. The (*) Kahlenberg hill lies within this city, where King Jan Sobieski of Poland repelled Ottoman forces in 1683. For the point, name this former resident city of the Habsburgs and capital city of Austria.

Vienna (or Wien)

(1) During this event, Pete Smerick and Mark Young wrote a memo warning against increasing federal pressure. This event took place at the Mount Carmel Center, home to a Seventh-Day Adventist sect that was suspected of weapons violations; as a result, Janet Reno approved FBI intervention, leading to the deaths of 76 people when the compound burned down during a tear gas attack by federal agents. For the point, name this 1993 siege of David Koresh's community of Branch Davidians, commonly called by the Texas city near the compound.

Waco siege (accept descriptions of the Branch Davidian siege or the siege on David Koresh's compound before "David" is said)

(3) After its conquest, this region was governed by the Statute of Rhuddlan. Rulers of this region had difficulty curbing the power of the Marcher Lords. A long earthwork known as Offa's Dyke serves as this region's border with its eastern neighbor, which stripped this modern-day country of its sovereignty by deposing Llywelyn the Last. Edward I of England conquered, for ten points, what country whose "princes" are the heirs apparent to the throne of Great Britain?

Wales (or Cymru BONUS: The last native to be a "Prince of Wales" was this Welsh noble, who repeatedly launched rebellions against England's Henry IV and V. He was never captured in battle and disappeared in 1412. ANSWER: Owen Glendower Page 3 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2016-2017 Bowl Playoff Packet 5

(5) A poem by this author compares "As my soul in its trouble dissatisfied sank" to a "western orb sailing the heaven" that drops into the night. This man imagined a swaying mass with "eager faces turning" in a poem in which the "prize we sought is won" and "our fearful trip is done." This author wrote "When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom'd" and "O Captain! My Captain!" as elegies for Abraham Lincoln. For the point, name this American poet whose works were collected in his poetry collection Leaves of Grass.

Walt Whitman Page 1 NHBB B-Set Bee 2016-2017 Bee Round 2

(14) The territories exchanged at the end of this conflict were further defined in the "Treaty of Peace and Friendship." One side raised funds for this conflict through the tax collecting expedition of Patricio Lynch, and it opened with one side occupying the port of Antofagasta. The Esmeralda was sunk by the Huascar in this conflict, which was ended through the Treaty of Ancon. The Atacama Desert's reserves of guano and saltpeter were a major cause of, for the point, what 1880s conflict in which Bolivia was defeated by Chile and lost access to an ocean?

War of the Pacific

(2) During this war, the Treaty of Ilbersheim stripped Maximilian Emanuel of his lands after he was defeated, along with the Duc de Tallard, near Hochstadt. Great Britain gained a monopoly on the Atlantic slave trade when the asiento was transferred at the end of this war, in which the Battle of Blenheim [BLEN em] was fought. This war was sparked by the death of Charles II and ended by the Treaty of Utrecht. For ten points, name this war in which Philip V extended Bourbon rule to a certain Iberian country.

War of the Spanish Succession

(30) People operating in this location were asked "Any of your guys wearing hippie clothes?" by a man stationed in a Howard Johnson's Motor Lodge across the street. James McCord was arrested in this location after Frank Wills, a security guard, noticed that tape had been placed on a door latch a second time. Howard Hunt and Gordon Liddy planned that operation, which led to five arrests in this building complex on the Potomac River. For the point, name this Washington, D.C. office complex and hotel where the Democratic National Committee's headquarters were burglarized in 1972, starting a scandal that toppled Richard Nixon.

Watergate (Complex, Hotel, and/or Office building; prompt on Washington, D.C. before mentioned)

(33) Ed Macauley and Cliff Hagan were traded to St. Louis for this player during a draft that provided this player with teammates K.C. Jones and Tommy Heinsohn. The Finals (+) MVP award is now named for this man; it was first awarded in 1969 to Jerry West, whose Lakers (*) lost to this player-coach's team for the sixth time in a decade. For the point, name this first African-American coach in the NBA, a rival of Wilt Chamberlain and 11-time NBA champion center for the Boston Celtics.

William Felton "Bill" Russell

(9) This man commissioned Carlisle Castle to defend his country's northern border. This monarch seized the land of Edgar Atheling which prompted an invasion of his country by Malcolm III. This man led an army against Robert de Mowbray after the latter refused to attend his court. A stone named for this ruler reads "Here stood the oak tree, on which an arrow shot by Sir Walter Tyrell at a stag, glance and struck this [man]." William the Conqueror was the father of, for ten points, what second Norman King of England?

William II (accept William Rufus; accept William the Red; prompt on William; do not accept William II of Normandy) BONUS: William Rufus succeed to the throne over this older brother of his who had lost his father's favor after attempting to seize a castle at Rouen ANSWER: Robert Curthose (accept Robert II; accept Robert III; prompt on Robert) Page 5 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2015-2016 Bowl Backup Round 2

(27) This man's pet cat "rocks the Hill" in an unreleased platforming game. He performed "Heartbreak Hotel" and "God Bless the Child" on the Arsenio Hall Show, and used Fleetwood Mac's "Don't Stop (Thinking About Tomorrow)" as his campaign song. During that same campaign, he rebuked a comment made by Sister Souljah and was hailed by Toni Morrison as "the first black president". For the point, name this owner of Socks the Cat and saxophonist who won the 1992 election for President.

William Jefferson "Bill" Clinton

(8) This man wrote in support of progressive pol tics in his Commoner mag zine, and he noted that Christian values laid foundation for group morality in his "Prince of Peace" speech, which he recited repeatedly on the (+) Chautauqua circuit. Years before the Lusitania disaster prompted this man to resign as Woodrow Wilson's secretary of state, this man supported (*) bimetallism, proclaiming that "you shall not crucify mankind" in an 1896 convention speech. For ten points, name this Democratic presidential candidate who gave the "Cross of Gold" speech.

William Jennings Bryan Page 10 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2016-2017 Bowl Round 3 Extra Question Only read if you need a backup or tiebreaker!

(12) Description acceptable. This work presumes that "there are standards to be applied other than the personal predilections of the Justices." It ends with a reference to American Dilemma that mimics Holmes' "the 14th Amendment does not enact Mr. Herbert Spencer's Social Statics" quip. Though this "Random Thought" admits that it has earned its author excoriation from "liberal" colleagues, its author concludes that a certain decision "was right and should be re-affirmed." For ten points, name this 1952 memo in which a law clerk who would later become Chief Justice supported the "separate but equal" doctrine.

William Rehnquist's memo supporting the Plessy v. Ferguson decision (accept descriptions mentioning separate but equal before it is said; accept A Random Thought on the Segregation Cases) BONUS: American Dilemma was written by this Swedish economist, who shared an Economics Nobel with Friedrich Hayek. ANSWER: Gunnar Myrdal

(24) This man elevated the Italian Lanfranc to reform the church in his kingdom. Lanfranc was also able to discover the Revolt of the Earls, which targeted this man. William of St. Calais organized a census for this man, who put down a revolt during the Harrying of the North. This man's Domesday Book serves as a record of his kingdom and his triumph over Harold Godwinson is depicted in the Bayeux Tapestry. For the point, name this man who became king of England after his victory at the Battle of Hastings.

William the Conqueror (or William of England or William II of Normandy; accept William the Bastard; prompt on William)

(5) This state's least populous and most recently-created county, Menominee, was founded in 1959 in response to its namesake tribe losing federal recognition. The nation's first public housing project, Garden Homes, was built in this state in a city led by mayor Daniel Hoan. Victor Berger and Emil Seidel were also part of the "Sewer Socialist" movement active in this state's largest city, and its capital sits on an isthmus between Lake Mendota and Lake Monona. The Door Peninsula is part of, for ten points, what Midwestern state home to Madison and Milwaukee?

Wisconsin BONUS: The Illinois-Wisconsin border was initially intended to align with the southern tip of Lake Michigan, giving Chicago to Wisconsin; that plan was drafted by Nathan, a lawyer with this surname who is now the namesake of the Wisconsin county home to Madison. ANSWER: Nathan Dane (or Dane County) Page 4 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2016-2017 Bowl Playoff Packet 2

(3) One depiction of this event shows John Bull off laughing on a hill while the main participants negotiate. Charles Lee and Timothy Pickering clamored for (+) war after this event, leading to the annulment of the Treaty of Alliance. One participant shouted "no, no, not a sixpence!" in reaction to this event, in which (*) bribes were solicited from Charles Pinckney, John Marshall, and Elbridge Gerry. For ten points, name this event in which 3 French diplomats required substantial payment before an audience with Talleyrand could be arranged.

XYZ Affair

(5) Two of the oldest surviving works on horse riding are this man's treatises Hipparchicus and Peri Hippikes. This author's Memorabilia is a collection of teachings by his teacher, Socrates. After Clearchus was killed shortly after the Battle of Cunaxa, this man led a march of soldiers that ended with the yell "thalatta!" upon reaching freedom at the Black Sea. This man chronicled that Expedition of the Ten Thousand in one work and idealized his slain commander, a Persian king, in another work, the Cyropedia For ten points, name this Greek soldier, philosopher, and historian who wrote the Anabasis

Xenophon BONUS: This Persian satrap and advisor to Artaxerxes II claimed to have killed Cyrus the Younger at Cunaxa. This man then tricked Xenophon's superiors into attending a feast, where he had them imprisoned and executed, after which the leaderless Ten Thousand marched north to the Black Sea. ANSWER: Tis phernes

(15) Description acceptable. This event began when one side displayed the Iron Blood flag before winning the Battle of Yangxia. A revolt over the Railway Protection Movement led to the Wuchang Uprising, which was the start of this event. This (+) revolution led to the creation of the Beiyang Government and the Five-Colored Flag. After this event, Yuan (*) Shikai declared himself emperor in conflict with Sun Yat-Sen's KMT. For the points, name this event that led to the founding of the Republic of China and the abdication of Puyi, the last Emperor of China.

Xinhai Revolution (or Revolution of 1911; accept Wuchang Uprising until mentioned; accept descriptions of the fall of the Qing Dynasty)

(3) Project 635 is a canal designed to divert water from the Irtysh River to this province. The Tarim River flows across this province, and ends at Lop Nur. During the Ili Rebellion, the Soviet Union backed the breakaway republic of East Turkestan in this province. This province and Pakistan's Gilgit-Baltistan administrative region share the world's second highest mountain, K2. For ten points, name this NorthWestern autonomous region of China whose capital is Urumqi and which is home to the Uyghur people.

Xinjiang Province

(2) This man disfigured his left eyebrow after jumping out a window when his wife caught him in a room with a nurse. A helicopter operator supposedly heard "two loud booms" during the jet crash that took this man's life. A training facility named after him is found in Star City. In April 1961, this man exclaimed "Poyekhali" after successfully leaving Site No. 1 at Baikonur during the Vostok 1 mission. For ten points, name this Russian cosmonaut who was the first human in space.

Yuri Alekseyevich Gagarin BONUS: Another landmark Russian space traveler was this passenger on Sputnik 2, the first animal to orbit Earth. ANSWER: Laika

(31) A successful example of this type of business was founded in Philadelphia by Stephen Girard. Langdon Cheeves was selected to manage one of these businesses, two early examples of which were commissioned with twenty-year charters. The "Pet" and "Wildcat" varieties of these businesses were active in the 1830s after Andrew Jackson led the charge to not recommission the United States' second national one. For the point, name these businesses responsible for storing and lending money.

banks

(4) A commando raid on Kwale killed 11 Italians working in this industry and also captured 14 more workers. The Kaiama Declaration demanded the withdrawal of this industry from land held by the Ijaw people. For his efforts to protect the Ogoni people from human rights violations from companies extracting this resource, Ken Saro-Wiwa was executed in 1995 by the government of Sani Abacha in a country where this resource is refined in Port Harcourt. For ten points, name this resource extracted in Nigeria by companies like Royal Dutch Shell.

crude oil

(1) The constitutionality of this action was argued for in Byron White's dissent in Roberts v. Louisiana and argued against by Thurgood Marshall's one sentence concurrence in Woodson v. North Carolina In 1972, this action's constitutionality was initially rejected in a one-paragraph opinion, with all five majority justices writing separate concurring explanations. Four years later, the Supreme Court reversed its position on this action's constitutionality, establishing an "eligibility, then selection" scheme that states are required to meet in order for this action to be legal under the 8th Amendment. For ten points, name this action that is, somewhat ironically, not considered "cruel and unusual punishment" since the ruling in 1976's Gregg v. Georgia

death penalty (or cap tal punishment; accept equivalents related to ex cutions, etc.) BONUS: In cases following 1972's Gregg v. Georgia banning the death penalty on 8th Amendment grounds, Thurgood Marshall and this fellow justice voted against the death penalty and simply cited their Gregg opinions. This liberal justice argued for "one person, one vote" theory in his majority opinion in Baker v. Carr, and served on the Court from 1956 to 1990. ANSWER: William J. Brennan Jr.

(7) This phrase is inverted and ironically quoted in the negative in Part IV of "Hugh Selwyn Mauberley." This phrase is followed by the line "Death pursues the man who flees" in its original use. A poem with this title was meant as a response to Jessie Pope's jingoistic poetry; that poem admonishes the reader to not tell this phrase "with such high zest/To children ardent for some desperate glory" before denouncing this phrase as the "Old Lie." For ten points, name this phrase, originally by Horace, that was used as the title of an anti-war poem by Wilfred Owen.

dulce et decorum est pro patria mori (prompt on "It is sweet and proper to die (for one's country)") BONUS: "Dulce et decorum est" is often contrasted with this Rupert Brooke poem, which begins "If I should die, think only this of me: That there's some corner of a foreign field that is forever England." William Safire's "Fate has ordained" speech references that excerpt from this poem. ANSWER: The Soldier

(24) The power and influence of this system was restricted by the New Laws, which limited grants to a maximum of two generations. This system was established with the Laws of Burgos. Bartolome de las Casas argued for the (+) abolition of this system in the Valladolid Debate. The repartimiento system was intended as a replacement for this policy, which gave owners a number of (*) natives who worked the land in exchange for being converted to Christianity. For the point, name this system to control natives in colonial Spanish America.

encomienda system

(3) Description acceptable. A Gib Crockett cartoon inspired by this event is titled "If Damocles Survived I Guess I Can Too." This event was carried out by an object called "Bear A." This event, which surpassed the effect of Castle Bravo, occurred on Severny Island and produced an energy yield one fourth the size of the eruption of Krakatoa. For ten points, name this event, alternatively known as Kuzma's mother, a Khrushchev-era hydrogen bomb test that was the most powerful man-made explosion in history.

explosion of Tsar Bomba (accept Ivan; accept Vanya; accept Tsar Bomb BONUS: The Tsar Bomba explosion took place on this Russian archipelago in the Arctic Ocean. Hundreds of nuclear tests were carried out by the Soviets on this landform, whose name translates to "New Land." ANSWER: Novaya Zemlya Page 3 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2016-2017 Bowl Playoff Packet 4

(2) Elizabeth Noble Shor wrote a popular article about a "feud" over these objects, as well as a biography of Samuel Williston, who searched for these things with Benjamin Mudge. A man seeking these objects promised to lobby Congress for better treatment for Red Cloud in order to use Sioux land; that man, Othniel Marsh, discovered 24 more of these than Edward Drinker Cope by the end of a 19th century "War" over them. For ten points, name these objects, many of which were found in another Colorado quarry that, in 1915, Woodrow Wilson proclaimed as Dinosaur National Monument.

fossils (or dinosaur bones; accept descriptions of the Bone War(s)) BONUS: Othniel Marsh's expeditions were funded by Yale University: specifically, by this museum of natural history at Yale. This museum is named for a philanthropist whose name also graces Vanderbilt's graduate school of education and a museum of archaeology and ethnology at Harvard, having earned his money as a colleague of J.P. Morgan's father. ANSWER: Peabody Museum of Natural History (accept anything related to George Peabody Page 3 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2016-2017 Bowl Playoff Packet 7

(5) As part of this policy, Raycom Sports planned a football game between USC and Illinois in Dynamo Stadium. This policy led to the success of the Phosphorite War. The anti-Stalinist novel Children of the Arbat was allowed to be published under this system. Along with a policy translated as "restructuring," this policy helped lead to the independence of many constituent republics of the Eastern Bloc. For ten points, name this policy under Mikhail Gorbachev that advocated for greater freedom of speech and government transparency and comes from the Russian word for "openness."

glasnost (prompt on "openness" before read) Page 1 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2015-2016 Bowl Round 8

(3) A Japanese version of this institution called the Ooku was created by Tokugawa Hidetada. Leaders of another of these institutions held either the title of Haseki or Valide. According to a probably fabricated legend, the Yongle Emperor killed 2800 members of one of these institutions to suppress a scandal. This term generally refers to a reserved domestic space, but has taken on the connotation of a brothel. For ten points, give this term for the quarters of the wives and concubines of imperial Ottoman rulers.

harem (accept seraglio; accept zenanna BONUS: The Ottoman harem was located in this palace, the main residence of the Ottoman sultans until the 17th century. It was built by Mehmed II. ANSWER: Topkapi Palace Page 3 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2016-2017 Bowl Round 9

(70) Note: Three answers required. The Voice Dialogue method is a way of engaging one of these three things to bring it in harmony with the other two. James Strachey's translation of these concepts has been criticized by Bruno Bettelheim. One of these three concepts is weaker in women because they do not identify with the father as much as men do with their mothers; that concept was explored in a book titled for two of these concepts, written by their formulator. Instinct, realism, and morality are modeled by, for the point, what three psychological concepts that theoretically make up the mind according to Sigmund Freud?

id, ego, and superego (must have all 3; any order is fine; prompt if fewer than 3 are given) Page 14 NHBB A-Set Bee 2016-2017 Bee Final Round

(33) The 1895 case Sparf v. US ruled that these groups of people do not have to be told that they have the right of nullification. In Williams v. Florida ruled that the size of these groups of people is flexible, though Ballew v. Georgia determined 5 to be too small. These groups are to be "impartial" according to the Sixth Amendment, which guarantees access to one of these groups in all criminal trials. For the point, name these groups of people, usually 12, who are tasked with rendering verdicts.

jury (do not accept grand jury)

(2) These objects were allegedly discovered when a physician attempted to grind them into powder to cure malaria. These objects, which were used to record days of the "Stem and (+) Branches" system, were assigned into 5 different periods by Dong Zuobin. These objects were analyzed by (*) "prognosticators" in areas where grooves were marked to symbolize questions, shortly after these objects were heated until they cracked. Turtle shells are an example of, for the points, what Shang dynasty era objects used for divination?

oracle bones (or jiagu; prompt on partial answers, including descriptions like "divination tools" before mentioned)

(2) This process took place annually in a two-stage system; first the question of whether it would happen that year, then the question of its target. One man helped an illiterate citizen perform this process by writing his own name on a potshard. Someone undergoing this process was guaranteed the return of their property after they endured it for ten years, though the Assembly could recall them early, as was done for Cimon and the father of Pericles. For ten points, name this process of democratically-chosen, temporary exile from Athens, a term that now refers generally to a process of shunning someone.

ostracism (accept word forms, like ostracize) BONUS: The illiterate voter asked this Athenian to write his name in the 482 BC ostracism vote, because he was "sick of hearing [this man] everywhere called 'the Just.'" ANSWER: Aristides the Just

(7) This type of force first saw combat during the capture of Masnedo fortress in Oper tion Weserubung. These forces became less prominent after high rate of casualties suffered during Oper tion Mercury, an attack on Crete. During the Normandy invasion, (+) Rommel asparagus was used to hinder these troops, who served as pathfinders. Otto Skorzeny executed the Gran Sasso raid to rescue Benito Mussolini using these units, known as (*) "fallschirmjagers" [fall shirm yea gers]. For ten points, name these infantry units, including the 101st "Screaming Eagles," who jumped during D-Day.

paratrooper

(2) Laurens Janzoon Coster is alleged to have invented one method for producing these objects. Aldus Manutius and William Caxton were among the earliest producers of one type of these objects, examples of which produced before 1501 are called incunabula. These objects are typically in codex form, and the production of these objects was revolutionized in Mainz by improvements on metal moveable type. Manuscripts were quickly replaced by, for ten points, what bound objects, first mass produced by Johannes Gutenberg?

printed books BONUS: Aldus Manutius was from this city, where Octavio Petruccio produced the first book of printed sheet music and were some 30% of the printers in Renaissance Italy worked. This city was excommunicated by Pope Paul V in 1606, mostly unrelated to its printing industry. ANSWER: Venice

(4) Edward Snowden revealed, among many other things, that the NSA program "Pen trating Hard Targets" is funded to build these devices. Researches at UC Berkeley doubt whether D Wave's production of these devices is legit mate. In 2001, breakthrough occurred when one of these devices (+) factored 15 into 3 and 5. Integers could be factored in polynomial time on these devices by using (*) Shor's algorithm, which would render RSA encryption useless. For ten points, name these devices that could improve upon the binary nature of computers by using qubits.

quantum computers (prompt on computers) Page 9 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2016-2017 Bowl Round 3

(1) Susan Reverby exposed one of these events that Francis Collins called a "dark chapter in history;" Barack Obama apologized for that event of this type to Alvaro Colom, President of Guatemala. Eunice Rivers organized another of these events, whose victims included Herman Shaw and other men who were told they had "bad blood." Either a placebo or penicillin was given to the infected subjects of, for ten points, what type of experiment that was conducted at Tuskegee University, in which African-American men were unknowingly given a sexually transmitted disease?

syphilis exper ments ("experiment" not needed after mentioned; prompt on partial answers; prompt on descriptions of experiments on humans (without informed consent), experimenting on humans (who don't know what's being done to them), etc.)

(22) For refusing to reveal sources related to this scandal, Judith Miller spent 85 days in jail. This scandal may have started as retaliation for the op-ed "What I Didn't (+) Find in Africa," detailing a 2002 trip to Niger to investigate purchases of yellowcake uranium for Iraq's nuclear weapons program. In this scandal, Richard Armitage passed sensitive information to Robert (*) Novak; that leak was investigated by Patrick Fitzgerald, whose work was obstructed by Scooter Libby. For the points, name this 2003 scandal in which White House officials helped blow the cover of a CIA officer.

the Valerie Plame affair (accept descriptions that mention Plame, like Plamegate; accept Wilson, her married name, in place of Plame, her maiden name; prompt on descriptions that don't mention Wilson or Plame, like the 2003 CIA leak scandal)

(6) At one trial for this crime, Governor Ross Barnett shook hands with the defendant in pointed view of the jury. Five days before this event, its target was nearly run down by a car; a week before that, a Molotov cocktail was thrown at his house. After two all-white juries were deadlocked, the perpetrator of this event was finally prosecuted for it in 1994, with his boasting at KKK rallies about shooting the "uppity" victim in the back used as evidence against him. For ten points, name this June 12, 1963 event in which Byron de la Beckwith shot the NAACP's field secretary for Mississippi.

the assassination (or murder, etc.) of Medgar Evers

(7) Description acceptable. This transaction involved Jacob Ruppert giving three promissory notes for $25,000 each, plus another $25,000 up front, plus loan for $300,000 secured by mortgage on property at Yawkey Way. Harry Frazee made this deal to cover his financial losses on (+) musicals like My Lady Friends; four years later, Frazee's No, No, Nanette was a smash hit. This transaction helped create the "Murderer's Row" of (*) 1927 and led to an 86-year championship drought for the selling team. The "Curse of the Bambino" was triggered by, for ten points, what deal in which a legendary baseball slugger was sold by Boston to the Yankees?

the sale of George Herman "Babe" Ruth from the Boston Red Sox to the New York Yankees (accept equivalents for sale, including trade of Ruth even though it was just player for cash)

(1) After this man compared a leader to Yazid in a speech at the Feyziyeh school, his subsequent arrest led to the protest of 15 Khordad. This man produced incendiary lectures on cassette tapes while living in exile in (+) Neauphle le Chˆateau in Paris. This man's country uses a constitution inspired by his "Guardianship of the Jurist" philosophies. This predecessor of (*) Ali Khameini overthrew Mohammed Pahlavi in a revolution where his supporters besieged the American embassy in Tehran. For ten points, name this Grand Ayatollah who led the 1979 Iranian Revolution.

(Grand) Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini (do not accept Khameini) BONUS: What Portuguese conflict interrupted the reign of Maria II and resulted in the exile of Dom Miguel? ANSWER: Liberal Wars (accept War of the Two Brothers

(41) The Scuola Grande Tedeschi is located in one of these places, which was established by Leonardo Loredan and abolished by Napol´eon in 1797. One of these in Paris was located in Le Marais, and the original one of these places in (+) Venice was built around an old foundry, which gives its name to these places. Willy Brandt spontaneously knelt at a memorial to victims of an event in one of these places, which saw action by the (*) ZZW and the ZOB. Jurgen Stroop suppressed that uprising, which resisted deportation to Treblinka from Warsaw. For the point, name these city areas to which minorities, often Jews, were restricted.

(Jewish) ghettos

(7) In this battle's opening stages, the Guadaloupe was scuttled to prevent capture. Lauzun's Legion collided with a foraging party led by Banastre Tarleton during this battle. Thomas Graves' fleet failed to join this battle because, earlier in the month, the Admiral de Grasse blocked him at Chesapeake Bay. The Comte de Rochambeau's fleet ensured victory at this battle, where "The World Turned Upside Down" was allegedly played. For ten points, name this 1781 battle in which Cornwallis surrendered his British army to George Washington.

(Siege or) Battle of Yorktown BONUS: This major general accepted Cornwallis' sword at the surrender ceremony, after Rochambeau and Washington turned down the gesture from Cornwallis' assistant, Charles O'Hara. ANSWER: Benjamin Lincoln

(4) Amos Gerry Beman quoted this speech by comparing the "colored race" to its most famous metaphor. This speech quotes Moses' last speech in Deuteronomy 30:15-18 by warning that "if our hearts turn away, so that we will not obey," that "we shall surely perish out of the good land whither we pass over this (+) vast sea to possess it." In its closing remarks, this speech exhorts its audience to "let us choose life, that we and our seed may live." This speech was delivered on board the (*) Arbella as it was sailing to Salem. For ten points, name this 1630 sermon delivered by John Winthrop, that encourages the Massachusetts Bay colonists to provide a good Christian example for the world.

A Model of Christian Charity (accept the City Upon a Hill speech) Page 10 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2015-2016 Bowl Round 9

(6) The sagitta ship was used to quickly traverse between this body of water and rivers by pirates in Omis. This body of water was home to pirates called Uskoks, who were brutally suppressed during the lead-up to the Thirty Years' War in the War of (+) Gradisca. The lembus was a particularly fast ship used by pirates in this body of water, which was effectively controlled by the Narentine kingdom during the 7th to 9th centuries. A queen of the (*) Ardiaeans called Teuta was notorious for encouraging piracy in this body of water, which led to Rome invading and destroying the Ardiaean kingdom in the Illyrian Wars. For ten points, name this sea often terrorized by pirates who raided Venetian ships.

Adriatic Sea

(6) In September 2016, this company responded to lawsuits alleging anti-black discrimination with a new inclusive "Community Commitment." Noah Syndergaard made a purchase on this website from the Padres' Wil Myers during a promotion coinciding with the 2016 MLB All-Star Game in San Diego. This company has drawn criticism as presenting unfair competition to hotels. For the point, name this peer-to-peer lodging rental website whose name reflects its origins as a living room bed and breakfast.

Airbnb (accept airbnb.com)

(22) In January 2017, a representative from this state named Mike Rogers introduced the "American Sovereignty Restoration Act," a bill that would end the United States' membership in the UN. The Senate Committee on Rules and Administration is chaired by one of this state's senators, who changed parties after the 1994 Republican Revolution; that man is Richard Shelby. Prior to becoming a senator from this state, another politician had his district court appointment protested by Coretta Scott King and withdrawn in 1986. For the point, name this state once represented by current Attorney General Jeff Sessions.

Alabama

(7) One possibly apocryphal story claims that Socrates saved the life of this man at the battle of Potidaea. This exile, who was allegedly killed in Phrygia by agents of Pharnabazus, held his last command at the battle of Notium. Critias helped orchestrate the (+) return of this man to his home city, years after he was accused of desecrating the Hermai statues. With (*) Nicias and Lamachus, this man led the Sicilian Expedition. For the point, name this Athenian general of the Peloponnesian War who later defected to Sparta.

Alcibiades

(6) One partic pant in this scandal tried to use it to avoid jail time for trying to steal Rev lutionary War pensions. This scandal involved series of letters with atrocious spelling errors but intel gent vocabulary; those letters were copied by the clerk John Beckley and were first published in book by (+) James Callender, who mistook this scandal for one of financial speculation. This scandal involved blackmail payments of several hundred dollars, then erupted with the 1797 publishing of a 95-page (*) pamphlet announcing its author's infidelity. For ten points, name this early American sex scandal that tarnished the political career of Alexander Hamilton.

Alexander Hamilton's affair with Maria Reynolds (accept anything mentioning Maria Reynolds, including the Reynolds pamphlet; prompt on partial answers describing Hamilton's affair)

(6) This man built a fort on Aethelney hill after being surprised in an attack on Chippenham. While hiding in the Somerset marshes, this man is said to have been scolded for letting a bunch of cakes burn; that story was related by his biographer, Bishop Asser. This ruler ordered a fyrd to muster on Whitsuntide at Egbert's Stone. This victor of the Battle of Ashdown fortified his country with burhs, and successfully defended his kingdom against the Great Heathen Army. For ten points, name this ruler, enemy of Guthrum of Mercia and king of Wessex, known as "the Great."

Alfred the Great

(6) This man's codename was ALES, according to the defector Oleg Gordievsky. Noel Field confessed under torture that this man had attempted to recruit him for a spy ring, though this man had earlier served as the secretary-general for the San Francisco United Nations conference. After this man was accused of giving rolls of film to Whittaker Chambers to hide within a pumpkin, he was brought before HUAC in 1948. For the point, name this State Department official who, in 1950, was convicted of being a Communist.

Alger Hiss

(28) The Blum-Violette proposal granted citizenship to some people from this country. A plaque on the Saint-Michel bridge commemorates a massacre of people from this country ordered by Maurice Papon; that was the Paris Massacre of 1961. Harkis are French Muslim soldiers from this country, and the Oran massacres targeted French pied-noirs in this country. For the point, name this country, a former French colony and the site of the Algiers Putsch.

Algeria

(15) This conflict escalated when a massacre at Philippeville prompted reprisals against Muslims. The Secret Army Organization worked to prevent a ceasefire in this conflict, whose aftermath included a mass migration of pied-noirs [peed-nwar]. Ahmed Ben Bella rose to power after this conflict, which ended when the FLN signed the Evian Accords. For the point, name this 20th century war in which a North African ´ country gained its independence from France.

Algerian War of Independence (or French-Algerian War) Page 3 NHBB A-Set Bee 2016-2017 Bee Round 1

(1) The purpose of this entity was greatly altered following the signing of the "Old Covenant." This body was founded at Thingvellir, the "assembly field." In ancient times, its 39 leaders met around the (+) Logberg, or Law Rock. This body, which was formerly composed of leaders called godars, is currently dominated by the Progressive and Independence party. It was briefly relegated to being a court of law during (*) Danish rule. Einar Kristinn Gudfinnsonn is the speaker of this body, the oldest parliament in the world. For ten points, name this Icelandic governmental institution.

Althing (prompt on Icelandic government before mentioned)

(9) This man wrote one story about the impact of war upon Carter Druses' family in his "A Horseman in the Sky." This author described the death of Jerome Searing in "One of the Missing," and he also wrote a story about a young boy caught up in the battle of Chickamauga. Another story by this author describes the attempted sabotage of Peyton Farquhar before he is hung from title structure. For ten points, name this American author of "An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge" who disappeared in 1914 on a trip to see the Mexican Revolution.

Ambrose Bierce

(1) Mary Birdsall bought a publication from this woman titled The Lily in which she once wrote "Intemperance is the great foe to [women's] peace and happiness." This woman inspired Mary Gove Nichols to draft a document against Parisian styles. This woman promoted the "health, comfort, and usefulness" of Libby Miller's design, which was displayed at the Seneca Falls Convention and took the form of a "Turkish Dress." An 1851 "craze" was sparked by, for ten points, what suffragette whose name was quickly attached to a style of divided, pant-like dress?

Amelia Bloomer

(8) Faith Ringgold painted this object, covered with names like Malcolm X and Harriet Tubman, in Freedom of Speech An image captioned "We the People" by Shepard Fairey shows this object's design being worn on (+) hijab. Another artist used newspaper and encaustic to create a completely white version of this object in 1955. A photograph by (*) Joe Rosenthal features this object being hoisted by six Marines. Jasper Johns showed only 48 stars on, for ten points, what national symbol that was raised after the Battle of Iwo Jima?

Amer can flag (accept any description of the flag of the United tates of America; prompt on partial answers; prompt on "white flag" after "white" is read) Page 10 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2016-2017 Bowl Round 7 Extra Question Only read if you need a backup or tiebreaker!

(12) A highly effective ambulance corps was implemented during this war by the Letterman system. It didn't involve France, but women called vivandieres assisted troops during this war. Richard Kirkland's assistance to the wounded at a battle in this war earned him the nickname "The Angel of (+) Marye's Height." The Christian Commission and the Sanitary Commission were founded during this war. Nurses who served during this war included (*) Dorothea Dix and a woman who founded the American Red Cross. For the point, name this war in which Clara Barton served as a nurse at battles like Fredericksburg.

American Civil War

(10) A 2005 Supreme Court case ruled against Norwegian Cruise Lines, claiming that this law still applied to foreign ships in American water. The application of this law was broadened under George W. Bush, who signed an amendment defining "major life activities". In the Barden case, the city of Sacramento was sued for non-compliance with this law in its sidewalks. This law established a standard of "reasonable accommodations" for the title group. For ten points, name this 1990 U.S. legislation that mandated adaptations for handicapped persons.

Americans with Disabilities Act or ADA BONUS: This 1990 protest saw disabled people eschew their wheelchairs to climb the steps of Congress in support of the ADA. ANSWER: Capitol Crawl Page 6 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2015-2016 Bowl V Semifinals and JV Finals

(3) The HHS Glasgow was sunk during this conflict. In the aftermath of this conflict, the House of Wonders replaced the nearly destroyed royal palace. Admiral Harry Rawson supported the troops of Lloyd Matthews during this conflict. This conflict started after the death of Hamad bin Thuwaini which resulted in his sucessor, Khalid bin Barghash, refusing to transfer power to Hamud bin Muhammed. For ten points, name this conflict between Great Britain and an African sultanate that lasted only 38 minutes.

Anglo-Zanzibar War (accept names in either order) BONUS: In an attempt to preserve his power, Khalid bin Barghash appealed to Richard Mouhon, a diplomat from this country, to intervene. ANSWER: United States of America (accept USA) Page 3 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2015-2016 Bowl Backup Round 2

(9) This woman's husband died 18 days after she did, allegedly refusing to eat out of grief. This rival of Lilian Smith was left partially paralyzed after a train accident in Lexington, North Carolina. Frank Butler married this woman after she defeated him in a competition involving 25 targets. Her talent was discovered at age 8 when she downed a squirrel with a bullet to the head. For ten points, name this prominent American sharpshooter, nicknamed "Little Sure Shot" as a member of Buffalo Bill's Wild West Show.

Annie Oakley (or Phoebe Anne Mosey

(16) Reinforcements failed to reach this battle after Isaac Chauncey fell ill in Sackett's Harbor. The Glengarry Light Infantry retreated after being hit by friendly fire in this battle. James Miller allegedly responded "I'll try, sir" when ordered to assault enemy artillery in this battle, in which Gordon Drummond thwarted Jacob Brown's attempts to capture Burlington. Phineas Riall was captured and Winfield Scott was severely wounded in, for the point, what bloody War of 1812 battle that took place near Niagara Falls?

Battle of Lundy's Lane

(1) A participant in this event carried a piece of wood from the Wright Brothers' first plane with him. William Safire wrote the "Fate has ordained" speech in case this event didn't go as planned. The command module Columbia was piloted by Michael Collins during this event, which an estimated 600 million people watched live on July 20, 1969. For the point, name this "giant leap for mankind," a NASA mission in which Buzz Aldrin and Neil Armstrong became the first men to walk on the moon.

Apollo 11 (prompt on descriptions of the first moon landing; prompt on Apollo alone)

(1) This author notably made a distinction between those who are slaves according to law and those who are slaves by nature. This author described six types of constitutions, illustrating how (+) tyranny, oligarchy, and democracy are perversions of royalty, aristocracy, and constitutional government. This author described the role of (*) catharsis in a work about tragedy. For ten points, name this author of Politics and Poetics who founded the Lyceum and was a student of Plato.

Aristotle BONUS: According to tradition, Cleopatra committed suicide so she would not be put on parade in what sort of celebration? ANSWER: Roman triumph

(10) The remnants of this group surrendered after their headquarters were raided by the American 71st Division in Austria, shortly after it was reconstituted as the "Ostmark" organization. This group was split into "A" and "B" designations to launch a two pronged strike in a grab for the Baku oil fields during Operation Blue. Hermann Hoth's 4th Panzer Army was transferred to this group shortly before it lost Friedrich Paulus' Sixth Army at Stalingrad. For ten points, name this German army group that pushed into the Ukraine and the Caucasus on the onset of Operation Barbarossa.

Army Group South (accept Army Group Ostmark before mentioned) Page 2 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2016-2017 Bowl Playoff Packet 5 Second Quarter

(10) An electrician named Platyev is claimed to have hit the perpetrator of this event in the face with a screwdriver. The day after this event, Borisov was killed after being thrown from a truck. This event may have been planned by Vania Zaporozhets. Lev Kamenev and Grigory Zinoviev were convicted of providing moral support for this event, which was perpetrated by Leonid Nikolayev in the Smolny. For ten points, name this December 1934 death of the Leningrad Party Boss, used by Stalin to initiate the first of his great purges.

Assassination (or murder killing, etc.) of Sergei Kirov BONUS: The Kirov assassination may have been ordered by Genrich Yagoda, the first head of the NKVD; Yagoda was later demoted in favor of this man in 1936 and executed in 1938. This man presided over Stalin's Great Purge, then was purged himself; a common example of Stalin's "erasing" of the past is this man's disappearance from a picture of the Moscow Canal. ANSWER: Nikolai Yezhov

(24) According to one story, these people stunned Henry of Champagne by jumping off a cliff to prove their loyalty to Rashid Sinan. Their fortresses were destroyed by Kitbuqa, who sacked Alamut shortly after they attempted to kill Mongke Khan. These people, who belonged to the Nizari Ismaili sect of Islam, were trained by an "Old Man of the Mountain" who drugged them with cannabis into thinking they were in paradise. For the point, name this group of 12th century warriors who carried out covert killings and lend their name to the modern practice of killing political leaders.

Assassins (or al-Hashishuun or al-Hashishiin; prompt on (Nizari) Ismalis before mentioned; prompt on (Shi'a) Muslims before mentioned; prompt on Persians)

(1) This leader's top generals included Atoc and Quizquiz. Because of his religious beliefs, this man pleaded with his captors to be killed by strangulation rather than to be burned alive; ironically, to ensure that happened, he converted to Catholicism shortly before his death, which was ordered by Vincente de Valverde. This man offered a ransom of a large room filled once with gold and twice with silver after he was captured at Cajamarca. Francisco Pizarro ordered the execution of, for the point, what final Incan emperor?

Atahualpa

(7) In a quadrennial festival celebrating this deity, the peplos robe was setup like a ship's sail on a parade cart, while the kanephoroi carried sacred baskets alongside. One epithet of this deity, Glaukopis, refers to silvery eyes and was later translated as "gray-eyed." Tetradrachm coins featured this goddess's face on one side and the owl, a prominent symbol of her wisdom, on the other. The Parthenon was dedicated to and named for, for ten points, what ancient Greek goddess, the virgin patron deity of Athens?

Athena

(1) A former ruler of this city advised Artaphernes in trying to capture this city. According to legend, a ruler ordered his servants each day to remind him of his burning hatred for this city because of their support for the (+) Ionian Revolt; that vengeance was realized when that ruler's son burned this city, whose citizens had fled to the island of (*) Salamis. For ten points, name this Greek city-state that founded the Delian League in the wake of its victory in the Persian Wars and fought against Sparta in the Peloponnesian War.

Athens BONUS: What Spanish philosopher coined the phrase "Those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it"? ANSWER: George Santayana

(5) A leader of this city assisted Sicyon and used hellebore to poison wells during the siege of Kirrha. Another leader of this city was assassinated by Harmodious and Aristogeiton, while another did away with hektameroi slave labor. Cleomenes [klee oh men eez] attacked this city to end a dynasty that was started by Peisistratus [piss ih stratus]. Cleisthenes [kl'ice theh neez] reformed the constitution of, for ten points, what ancient Greek city whose other political leaders included Solon, Draco, and Pericles?

Athens Page 1 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2016-2017 Bowl Backup Packet 1

(2) Due to his religious and political beliefs, this man was passed over for one position twice, first by Guglielmo Libri, then by Joseph Liouville. He names a type of infinite sequence whose terms become arbitrarily close to each other. This Frenchman co-names a statement that the inner product of two vectors must be less or equal to the magnitude of those two vectors, similar to the triangle inequality for side lengths of triangles. For ten points, name this prolific French mathematician who names the aforementioned inequality with Hermann Schwarz.

Augustin-Louis Cauchy BONUS: What other prolific French mathematician names fields with only a finite number of elements, but perhaps is more well-known for dying in a duel at age 20? ANSWER: Evariste Galois

(4) This philosophy was developed in works like The Battle for One Destiny by Michel Aflaq, a man whose 1966 exile caused a schism in this ideology's main political party. Debates over the benefits of socialism within this ideology were led by (+) Wahib al-Ghanim, who later led a coup d'etat that ended the United Arab Republic. After 1968, this ideology inspired the separate (*) political parties of the al-Assad and Hussein dictatorships. For the points, name this nationalist, pan-Arabic ideology that inspired politics in Syria and Iraq.

Ba'athism (accept word forms; accept descriptions of Ba'ath party or parties) Page 1 NHBB Nationals Bee 2016-2017 Bee Final Round - JV

(2) Descriptive answer acceptable. One particularly grisly victim of this event had her contact lenses fused to her eyeballs, forcing her to get a double enucleation. A preliminary "test run" before this event was carried out using a modified (+) refrigerator truck. After this event, a government crackdown on the group that carried it out led it to be reorganized into the group Aleph. This event was masterminded by blind apocalyptic (*) prophet Shoko Asahara and was triggered when five men used sharpened umbrella tips to puncture plastic bags during morning rush hour. For the point, name this deadly poison gas attack committed by Aum Shinrikyo in 1995.

Aum Shinrikyo's sarin attack on the Tokyo subway system (accept anything that contains two out of the three underlined words; prompt on partial answers)

(5) Sara, a person with this surname, invented a recipe for baby formula while working with infants in Hell's Kitchen and twice traced epidemics to Typhoid Mary. A woman with this surname was the only female speaker during the 1963 March on Washington and was the first African-American dancer to get a lead operatic roles in Europe. A man with this last name served as White House Chief of Staff under Ronald Reagan and as Secretary of State under George H.W. Bush. For ten points, identify this surname of performer Josephine and politician James.

Baker (accept Sara Josephine Baker; accept Josephine Baker; accept James Baker Page 1 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2016-2017 Bowl Playoff Packet 8

(7) This pres dent supported bill that would have enforced the Fifteenth Amendment in the South; that Federal Elections Bill was drafted by Henry Cabot Lodge. During this man's pres dency, sailor spat on photo of Arturo Prat in (+) Chile, sparking a bar brawl in which two sailors from the USS Baltimore were killed. William McKinley passed his namesake tariff during this man's presidency as a member of the (*) Billion Dollar Congress, which also passed the Sherman Antitrust Act in 1890. For ten points, name this US president who served between Grover Cleveland's terms.

Benjamin Harrison (prompt on Harrison)

(5) William Wade Dudley was accused of bribing electoral voters into selecting this man in the Blocks of Five Scandal. This President dealt with the crisis caused by the killing of two sailors from the USS Baltimore. Levi Morton served as Vice President under this man, who signed the McKinley Tariff and Sherman Antitrust Act. The 51st Congress, nicknamed the Billion Dollar Congress, served alongside, for ten points, what U.S. President who was succeeded and preceded in office by Grover Cleveland?

Benjamin Harrison (prompt on Harrison) BONUS: The aforementioned Baltimore crisis caused a diplomatic issue with this South American country; the Baltimore was docked in Valparaiso during the stabbing. ANSWER: Chile

(15) One of this man's paintings depicts a meeting in Shackamaxon. His painting of the Treaty of Paris remained unfinished when the British delegation refused to pose. Another of his canvases, which broke with the established tradition of using classical dress for historical painting, depicted a victorious British general dying from his musket wounds on the Plains of Abraham. For the point, name this Anglo-American painter of Penn's Treaty With The Indians and The Death of General Wolfe.

Benjamin West

(8) This event was a response to the clubbing of Cager Lee and the use of lethal force by James Bonard Fowler. During this event, Jim Clark deputized all white men over the age of 21. Outrage over the death of Jimmie Lee Jackson was channeled into this event, which was followed a month later by "Turnaround Tuesday." Amelia Boynton suffered greatly from a tear gas attack during this event. For ten points, name this event in which police officers brutally attacked a group, led by Martin Luther King, that was marching from Selma to Montgomery, Alabama.

Bloody Sunday (accept march from Selma to Montgomery, prompting on partial answers, before "march" is read) BONUS: The Bloody Sunday march from Selma to Montgomery was stopped by Jim Clark's men on this bridge. ANSWER: Edmund Pettis Bridge

(22) In this book's second chapter, the central group defeats Sihon the Ammonite. Kidnapping and usury are among the crimes forbidden in this book's namesake "Code," which is laid out by one speaker on the plains of Moab. This book's sixth chapter serves as the basis for the Shema prayer. This book's main speaker dies after ascending Mount Nebo and is then succeeded by Joshua. Moses delivers a series of sermons to the Israelites in, for the point, what final book of the Pentateuch and fifth book of the Old Testament?

Book of Deuteronomy (accept Deuteronomion; accept Devarim; do not accept or prompt on Bible, Old Testament, or Pentateuch)

(10) An attempt to enforce this law resulted in the building of a 2000-mile-long hedge to curb smuggling from one coast to the other called the Inland Customs Line. Archibald Rowlands attempted to repeal this law, but was prevented from doing so by Archibald (+) Wavell. This law affected people living in the Orissa state who had to purchase the namesake substance instead of collecting it themselves. The most famous (*) resistance to this law led to the Second Round Table Conference with Lord Irwin and ended at a beach in Dandi. For ten points, name this unpopular law in British India that taxed a substance collected from the sea.

British salt tax in India Extra Question Only read if you need a backup or tiebreaker! (1) ANSWER: Battle of Thermopylae BONUS: What location was "conquered" by Thomas Edison in an 1898 science fiction novel that ripped off an H.G. Wells work? ANSWER: Mars (accept Edison's Conquest of Mars)

(7) Akos Eleod designed this city's Memento Park, a resting place for old statues built during Communist rule. This city contains the islands of Margaret, Csepel [cheh pell], and Obudai, the last of which holds the massive Sziget [sih get] music festival every August. The Gellert Hill overlooks this city and served as an important vantage point during a 100 day siege in World War II. The Chain bridge and Arpad bridge are located in this city, whose Heroes' Square is the resting place of Imre Nagy [nahj], the leader of an anti-Soviet 1956 revolution. The Danube River runs through, for the point, what capital of Hungary?

Budapest

(8) This event led to the creation of a red-light district known as the Barbary Coast. "Coyoteing" was a technique used in this event, which was first publicized by Samuel Brannan. A businessman opened a dry goods business during this event, then shifted from selling tents to selling denim pants in the 1870s. This event began after James Marshall's discovery at Sutter's Mill. A mass emigration of "forty-niners" took place during, for ten points, what 19th century economic "rush" on the American West Coast?

Cal fornia Gold Rush (prompt on partial answers) BONUS: This aforementioned businessman founded his dry goods business in San Francisco in 1853, later expanding it into the jeans market. ANSWER: Levi Strauss (do not prompt on Levi's)

(3) This man signed the Snyder Act, which provided for the enfranchisement of all Native Americans. His reputation greatly increased after working with Edwin Curtis in handling the Boston Police Strike while serving as the governor of Massachusetts. In his highest post, this man's secretary of state, Frank Kellogg, signed a pact with Aristide Briand that attempted to outlaw war in the aftermath of World War I. For the point, name this "silent" president who succeeded Warren G. Harding.

Calvin Coolidge

(1) This location is the setting of an "Outdoor Scene" often paired with "The Pond" and "Halloween" by Charles Ives. One section of this region was dedicated on October 9, 1985, is a short walk from the Dakota apartment complex, and features a tile mosaic around the word "Imagine." A 1981 benefit concert to revive this location brought 500,000 people to it to listen to "Mrs. Robinson" and other Simon and Garfunkel songs. The Strawberry Fields memorial to John Lennon is located in, for ten points, what landmark green space designed by Frederick Law Olmstead in Manhattan?

Central Park (accept Central Park in the Dark)

(20) This city's East Bay Street is home to a oft-photographed cluster of Georgian houses known as "Rainbow Row." The nation's oldest historic preservation organization is located here. This city's "First Siege" during the Revolutionary War took place on nearby Sullivan's Island. This city is centered on a peninsula formed by the confluence of the Ashley and Cooper Rivers, and a fort in this city's harbor was bombed by General PGT Beauregard in April 1861. Fort Sumter is part of, for the point, what coastal South Carolina city?

Charleston Page 4 NHBB Nationals Bee 2016-2017 Bee Round 5

(20) This speech cites an interview with Peter Edson in which the speaker directs Edson to ask Dana Smith about a certain issue. Lou Carroll indirectly provided the best-known name of this speech, which was delivered in the El Capitan Theater. Its speaker relates how his wife is a "wonderful stenographer" and "doesn't own a mink coat" and was written in response to accusations of expensing $18,000 worth of campaign funds for personal uses. For the point, name this speech, given in 1952 by Richard Nixon and named for his family's dog.

Checkers speech (accept descriptions of the Nixon Fund speech before "funds" is mentioned) Page 4 NHBB Nationals Bee 2016-2017 Bee Round 1

(31) The HMS Columbine brought the first dispatches reporting this event to Nova Scotia. Daniel Martin was an African-American victim of this event, which led to the execution of Jenkin Ratford. (+) Salusbury Humphreys was the leader of the aggressors in this event, who fired a broadside round that was only responded to by a single shot before captain James (*) Barron surrendered; shortly after, four sailors who deserted from the Royal Navy were seized. For the points, name this 1807 incident of impressment that enraged the Jefferson administration.

Chesapeake-Leopard Affair (prompt on partial answers)

(2) Description acceptable. Arthur Chapman served as the translator of this oration. This speech declares "It is the young men who say yes and no" and describes how "little children are freezing to death" and how some people "have run away to the hills;" its speaker comments "Maybe shall find them among the dead." This speech was given after (+) loss at the Battle of Bear Paw Mountain in 1877 forced its speaker to capitulate to Oliver Howard. This speech ends with a declaration made "from (*) where the sun now stands" by a speaker whose "heart is sick and sad." For ten points, name this speech given by a chief of the Nez Perce, noting the end of his war against the United States.

Chief Joseph's surrender speech (or the " Will Fight No More Forever" speech; accept descriptive answers relating to Chief Joseph surrendering; accept Nez Perce surrender speech before "Nez Perce" is read; prompt on partial answers)

(34) In this country, an arrested singer wrote "How hard it is to sing/when I must sing of horror." Victor Jara [HA-rah] was killed in this country, where a political prison was operated at (+) Quiriquina Island. In 2006, a leader of this country died without being judged for ordering Operation Colombo or the (*) Caravan of Death; that leader took power in this country shortly after the storming of La Moneda and the suicide of a socialist president. For the point, name this country where Augusto Pinochet's forces overthrew Salvador Allende in Santiago.

Chile

(24) The majority of the bank of the Kaveri River was built by Karikalan, a ruler from this dynasty. A giant statue of the God Nandi lies at the entrance of the Brihadeeswarar Temple, which was constructed by this dynasty. This dynasty conquered the Andaman and (+) Nicobar Islands under Rajendra I, son of Raja Raja I. This dynasty originates from the Sangam Period, as do the (*) Chera and Pandya dynasties. For the point, name this Tamil dynasty that ruled Southern India from 300 BC to the 1200s.

Chola Dynasty

(7) Soybean farmers used road blocks to protest this leader's plans to increase export taxes. Protests against this leader erupted after the murder of prosecutor Alberto Nisman. This leader was widely criticized for tweeting about "lice and petloleum" during a visit to China. This leader succeeded her husband Nestor, who led the Peronist Justicialist Party. For ten points, name this female former President of Argentina that lost a December 2015 election to Mauricio Macri.

Christina Fernandez de Kirchner

(1) The fall of this man's government was prompted by the divisory budget of Hugh Gaitskell. This man nationalised the Iron and Steel Corporation, and he sent Elliot Briggs to resolve the Malayan Emergency. This leader's slogan was "Let us face the future together." His tenure saw the decolonisation of Mandatory Palestine and the appointment of Aneurin Bevan as Minister for a new welfare system. The National Health Service was created during the tenure of, for ten points, which Labour Prime Minister who lost a 1951 election to a man he had stunned in 1945, Winston Churchill?

Clement Attlee BONUS: This 1942 report on Social Insurance and Allied Services recommended the creation of the National Health Service as part of a broadened welfare state. ANSWER: Beveridge Report

(26) A person with this name married Juba II of Numidia, and, along with her husband, brought order to the Roman province of Mauretania. The only full sister of Alexander the Great had this name. Antiochus III of Seleucia organized the marriage of his daughter of this name to Ptolemy V. A woman of this name supposedly sneaked into Julius Caesar's quarters in a carpet, after which she became his mistress; that woman of this name committed suicide in the wake of the Battle of Actium. For the point, identify this name of several Egyptian queens.

Cleopatra (accept Cleopatra I Syra; accept Cleopatra of Macedon; accept Cleopatra VII Philopator; accept Cleopatra Selene)

(12) While a member of this party, Jimmy Reid gave a 1971 speech telling students "a rat race is for rats - we're not rats." The last member of this party to hold political office was Wogan Philipps, Baron Milford, and Nina Temple disbanded this party in 1991. A document addressed to this party's leadership was co-signed by Arthur MacManus and printed by the Daily Mail shortly before the 1924 general election. The forged Zinoviev letter was sent to, for ten points, what pro-Soviet political party in the United Kingdom?

Communist Party of Great Britain (or CPGB; accept answers that indicate Communist Party in Great Britain or England, but do not accept "Communist Party of United Kingdom") Second Quarter

(1) The Milion, a monument inscribed with the distances to other cities, marked the beginning of this city's main street, the Mese. The Kentenarion Tower and Tower of Galata were two ends of a chain that defended this city's Golden Horn. The Tower of Galata was rebuilt in the Genoese district as a gift for Genoa's support against the Fourth Crusade, which sacked this city. In 1453, Mehmed II captured, for the point, what capital of the Eastern Roman Empire that was renamed Istanbul?

Constantinople (accept Byzantium; accept Istanbul before mentioned)

(9) A conflict mediated by this event involved man who called another "mad dog" in his work Satira A dispute between John of Falkenberg and Jogaila was settled at this conference, where the decree (+) Sacrosancta gave this council divinely appointed authority shortly after John XXIII [23] abandoned it. The Utraquists and Taborites fought a war after (*) Jan Hus was executed at this council. Martin V was elected Pope at, for ten points, what fifteenth century church council that ended the Western Schism?

Council of Constance Page 11 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2016-2017 Bowl Backup Packet 1

(9) One theory of the cause of this event was supported by a Antonio Camargo and Glen Penfield discovery. Luis Alvarez proposed one cause of this event, declaring that chondrites probably deposited the staggering level of (+) iridium he found in shocked quartz in the crust. A decade later, the discovery of the (*) Chicxulub [chick-shu-loob] crater bolstered that theory of this event. For ten points, name this devastating event that marks the boundary between two eras of geologic time and occurred roughly 66 million years ago.

Cretaceous-Tertiary (or Cretaceous-Paleogene) extinction event (accept K-T or K-Pg extinction event; accept descriptions of "the end of the dinosaurs")

(6) This island is home to Samaria Gorge National Park, established as a refuge for a population of feral goats known as kri-kri. This island, which was known as Candia while under Venetian rule, was where the Phaistos disc was excavated. This island was home to a Bronze Age civilization that was the target of Arthur Evans' excavations and which used the still-undeciphered Linear A script. Heraklion is the largest city on, for ten points, what Greek island whose ancient city of Knossos was the center of the Minoan civilization?

Crete BONUS: A volcanic eruption on this other Aegean island during the second millennium BC may have caused the collapse of the Minoan civilization and has also been called an inspiration for the Atlantis legend. ANSWER: Santorini (or Thera Page 4 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2016-2017 Bowl Playoff Packet 3

(6) In his last years, this man served as syndic in what is now St. Charles County, Missouri. This man received the name "Big Turtle" after being captured by Blackfish, a Shawnee leader who besieged a town named for him. As part of a project intended to reach a region named Transylvania, this figure reached Ohio Falls in Louisville after passing near the border of Tennessee and Virginia through a mountain pass. For ten points, name this pioneer who helped the settlement of Kentucky by creating the Wildnerness Road through the Cumberland Gap in the Appalachians.

Daniel Boone

(8) Tensions between this man and one president he served were chronicled in his autobiography titled As I Saw It. After France's withdrawal from NATO, this man reportedly asked de Gaulle "Does your order include the bodies of American soldiers in France's cemeteries?" This man earned the ire of Israel after claiming that the attack on the USS Liberty was intentional. After the assassination of John F. Kennedy, this advocate of containment was asked to stay on by Lyndon Johnson. For ten points, name this Secretary of State during the 1960s.

David Dean Rusk BONUS: In 1951, Rusk corresponded with Yang You Chan, a diplomat for this country, over the MacArthur Line and the ownership of the Liancourt Rocks. ANSWER: South Korea (or the Republic of Korea or ROK; prompt on Korea) Page 5 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2016-2017 Bowl Playoff Packet 6

(25) This coach once told Governor Jim Hunt that "you're a murderer and I'm a murderer." After this coach's team won a conference title game by holding onto the ball for about seven minutes in his patented "four (+) corners offense," a shot clock was introduced the following season. He won a national championship when Michigan player Chris Webber called a timeout he did not have. This coach was heavily recruited to run as a Democrat against Senator (*) Jesse Helms in 1990. This man was the college coach of Michael Jordan. For the point, name this man who won 879 games as the University of North Carolina men's basketball coach.

Dean Smith

(26) During this politician's tenure, the Jino people were added to the official list of ethnic minorities, bringing the total to 56. This leader made an offer of autonomy to Jiang Jingguo [jahn jing gwo] and promised not to intervene militarily against him. This figure began the process of ending the 99-year lease of the New Territories; in order to do so, this politician formulated the idea of "one country, two systems." For the point, name this leader who negotiated the agreements to eventually bring Macau and Hong Kong back into China and who presided over the country's liberalization in the 1980s.

Deng Xiaoping ["done" shao ping]

(26) Hans Tausen led the Protestant Reformation in this country. According to legend, this country's flag fell from the sky during the Battle of Lyndanisse. The first king of this country, Gorm the Old, was commemorated by the construction of the Jelling Stones under his son Harald Bluetooth. This country lost control of Norway after the Treaty of Kiel, which was reaffirmed by the Congress of Vienna. For the point, name this Scandinavian country that has had many kings named Christian rule from its capital, Copenhagen.

Denmark Page 5 NHBB Nationals Bee 2015-2016 Bee Round 2

(9) In this city, Helen Hall was shot by a sniper in the Harlan House Motel; later that day, three black teenagers were killed in this city's Algiers Motel by National Guardsmen looking for other snipers. The Guard had been ordered into this city to put down a riot that was sparked by a police raid on a "blind pig" drinking party on 12th Street, an order made by Governor George Romney. Outfielder Willie Horton begged rioters in this city to go home shortly after leaving a game in Tiger Stadium. 43 people died in 1967 riots in, for the point, what highly-segregated Michigan city?

Detroit

(17) Many residents of this location were forced to work on Route Zero, a roadway whose length never reached more than twenty five kilometers. Nicknames for this location included the Green Hell and the Dry Guillotine. Henri Charriere's memoir Papillon describes his time spent in this location, which he escaped by jumping into the sea and floating ashore on bags of coconuts. For the point, name this penal colony in French Guiana, an island whose prisoners included Alfred Dreyfus.

Devil's Island (accept the Cayenne Penal Colony; accept Ile du Di ble

(21) Pat Maloney used Arthur Henning's expertise to develop and publish this statement, which was accompanied by the statement that "Boyle Leads in City." Two days after this theory was officially debunked, one of its subjects was photographed at a St. Louis train station, triumphantly displaying a statement of this theory while joking "That ain't the way I heard it!" The Chicago Daily Tribune infamously declared, for the point, what incorrect headline in November 1948, flubbing the result of a presidential election?

Dewey Defeats Truman (accept descriptive answers relating to Thomas Dewey beating Harry Truman, or to Dewey winning the 1948 election; prompt on partial answers)

(9) Description acceptable. The subject of this event ominously noted "If someone has decided to drown, it is no longer possible to save them," rather than choose between saving either of two world leaders. The 2016 iteration of this event, the 14th overall, opened with an oblique reference to a "pothole fairy" and resulted in road crews being immediately sent to Omsk. This event usually takes several hours, and the content of the event is believed to be vetted before hand, though the Kremlin Press Secretary denies that. For ten points, name this annual event in which citizens can immediately pass their concerns on to a certain head of state.

Direct Line with Vladimir Putin (accept descriptions of "the TV show in which Russians call (or e-mail or otherwise communicate with), asking questions for Vladimir Putin") Page 2 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2015-2016 Bowl V Semifinals and JV Finals

(8) A work addressed to this man opens by noting "In view of your low grade..." the author won't "dignify your name" with "Mister," and compares this man to Henry VIII. That letter calls this man's recent Nobel Prize a "grim farce" and notes "like all frauds, your end is approaching." The Church Committee confirmed this man's suspicion of who wrote that anonymous letter, which was accompanied by an audiotape of an illicit affair when it was opened by this man's wife in 1964. For ten points, name this activist who J. Edgar Hoover wiretapped and encouraged to commit suicide with the aforementioned letter.

Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.

(1) This city was the site of a mil tary borough known as the Albertstadt. Richard Wagner spent his early career in this city before fleeing in the wake of the 1848 May Uprisings against Frederick (+) Augustus II, the elector who ruled this city's region. In the 20th century, Arthur Harris was heavily criticized for authorizing an (*) RAF strike on this city that killed 25,000 people in a firestorm, even though the war was nearly won. For ten points, name this capital of Saxony which was targeted in a controversial 1945 firebombing.

Dresden BONUS: What series of Israeli fortifications on the Suez Canal were breached by water-cannon wielding Egyptian forces at the onset of the Yom Kippur War? ANSWER: Bar Lev Line

(7) A man with this surname created a militia force called the Volunteers for National Security, or the VSN. Graham Greene's novel The Comedians is set under the rule of a man with this surname who, in searching for Clement Barbot, ordered that all black dogs be executed. The second and final national leader of this surname was ousted in 1986; the first such leader created the Tonton Macoute police force. For the point, identify this surname of Papa Doc and Baby Doc, two 20th century rulers of Haiti.

Duvalier (accept Francois "Papa Doc" Duvalier and/or Jean-Claude "Baby Doc" Duvalier

(8) This man refused to embroil his armies in a dispute between Magnus and Sweyn II [Sven the Second] for control of Denmark. This man was recalled from exile in Normandy to take the throne when Harthacnut [harth ah cah noot] was on his deathbed. This final king from the house of Wessex was aided by the Earl Godwin in his rise to power and was in turn succeeded by Godwin's son, Harold, after his death. For ten points, name this pious king who may have promised William the Conqueror the throne before his death.

Edward the Confessor BONUS: Edward the Confessor was nearly succeeded as king by Edward the Aetheling, who was the son of this man. Though this man lost to Canute at Assandun, his epithet reflects the valor he displayed in the loss. ANSWER: Edmund Ironside (or Edmund II; prompt on Edmund)

(30) John Adams once wrote that if every man were this man, American liberty would "be safe against the Gates of Earth and Hell." In Philadelphia, this Massachusetts delegate joined George Mason in refusing to sign a Constitution that lacked a Bill of Rights. Elkanah Tisdale created a cartoon of a winged creature gripping South Essex that quickly had this governor's name attached to it. For the point, name this statesman whose awkwardly-shaped constituencies inspired the name of a form of controversial political re-districting.

Elbridge Thomas Gerry (accept gerrymandering and word forms)

(7) One party formed for this election year was comprised of remnants of the earlier Opposition party. Two minor parties in this election included the People's Party and Liberty Party, the latter of which nominated Gerrit Smith. One party carried only Missouri in this year after it nominated the formulator of the Freeport Doctrine, and John Bell Hood's ticket carried only 3 states for the Constitutional Union Party. For ten points, name this presidential election year in which four parties split the electoral college, allowing the Republican Abraham Lincoln to take the White House.

Election of 1860 BONUS: This Southern Democratic candidate, a future Confederate commander who led a reserve force at Shiloh, carried the South and Maryland in the 1860 election. ANSWER: John Breckinridge Page 4 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2015-2016 Bowl Round 4

(29) A decree given by this man merged Unit 731 into the Kwantung Army. A recording of a speech given by this man, who gave the Humanity Declaration, was smuggled out of his home in a basket full of women's underwear to prevent its destruction; that speech spread confusion, because it was delivered in a classical language, rather than what was commonly spoken. This man told his "dear and loyal subjects" to "bear the unbearable" in the Jewel Voice Broadcast. For the point, name this emperor who renounced his divinity, but did not abdicate the Japanese throne, after World War II.

Emperor (Michinomiya) Hirohito (accept Showa)

(2) One composer from this country co-wrote the Cantiones Sacrae with his mentor and collected virginal music in My Ladye Nevelles Booke after receiving a 21-year monopoly on music publishing from this country's monarch. Another composer from this country wrote the forty-voice motet Spem in Alium and a psalm tune that Ralph [rafe] Vaughan Williams adapted into a Fantasia. For ten points, name this county in which William Byrd and Thomas Tallis composed music under Queen Elizabeth.

England (accept United Kingdom; accept Great Britain BONUS: In addition to his Fantasia on a Theme by Thomas Tallis, Vaughan Williams wrote a Fantasia based on this Elizabethan-era folk tune that, legend states, was written by Henry VIII for Anne Boleyn. ANSWER: Greensleeves (accept Fantasia on Greensleeves

(13) This treaty provided for the religious freedom of the Sephardi Jews. Despite the success of Jacques Massu in maintaining civilian order, the harsh tactics he used helped push forward this treaty. One signatory to this treaty was granted usage of the naval base and underground nuclear testing facility at Mers el Kebir. Though it was opposed by the right-wing OAS, this treaty was signed by the FLN and the government of Charles de Gaulle. For the point, name this 1962 treaty that ended the Algerian War of Independence.

Evian ´ Accords

(15) A campaign by this organization placed mailbox bombs in the Westmount neighborhood. A flag used by this organization features a red star on a white background on the left side and solid dark blue on the right. The (+) South Shore Gang was a subgroup of this organization, members of which kidnapped James (*) Cross and Pierre Laporte in an action that prompted Pierre Trudeau to invoke the War Measures Act. For the points, name this Quebec nationalist group that instigated the October Crisis.

FLQ (or Front de Liberation de Quebec; accept Quebec Liberation Front)

(2) This country introduced social welfare programs like Bolsa Familia and Fome Zero during the 2000s. The 2016 Copa Sudamericana was posthumously given to a team from this country after the crash of LaMia Flight 2933 en route to Colombia. Sergio Moro led Operation Car Wash in this country, which uncovered widespread corruption in this country's state-run oil company. For the point, name this country where Michel Temer became president after the impeachment of Dilma Rousseff.

Federative Republic of Brazil

(4) In this country, Jacobina Mentz Maurer ordered the killing of enemy fam lies in the Revolt of the Muckers. A rebel government in this country was established in Belem in the State of Grao Para. Muslims in this South Amer can country wore necklaces with images of Jean Jacques Dessalines during revolt in (+) Bahia. High taxes on charque sparked a rebellion in Rio Grande do Sul in this country, whose rebels were supported by Giuseppe Garibaldi in the Ragamuffin War. This country's independence was (*) announced at the Cry of Ipiranga by its first emperor, Pedro I. For ten points, name this South American country once led from Rio de Janeiro.

Federative Republic of Brazil (accept Empire of Brazil Page 9 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2016-2017 Bowl Round 9

(7) In the bottom center of one of this man's paintings, a tanned, bearded man lies against a woman to his left, who lays her head on her arm on his right shoulder. That painting by this man depicts two women chained and one dead with a baby suckling at her breast on its right; those three figures are below a rearing horseman in black wearing a turban. In another painting, this man showed a man wearing a top hat holding a musket and a boy with two pistols standing on either side of a bare breasted woman waving a tricolor and leading a charge. For ten points, name this painter of Massacre at Chios and Liberty Leading the People.

Ferdinand Victor Eug`ene Delacroix BONUS: Another Delacroix work about the Greek War of Independence features Greece Expiring on this place, where Lord Byron died. ANSWER: the ruins of Missolonghi

(34) An early scene in this opera features the song "Mir ist so wunderbar," called the Canon Quartet. This was the first opera staged in Berlin after World War II, and the premiere of its first version was hampered by the presence of Napoleon's troops in Vienna. Rocco sings the (+) Gravedigging Duet with this opera's protagonist, who disguises herself as the title character to free her husband (*) Florestan from political prison. Leonore is the hero of, for the point, what only opera composed by Ludwig van Beethoven?

Fidelio Page 8 NHBB Nationals Bee 2015-2016 Bee Playoff Round 2

(36) This territory passed to Burgundian control after the marriage of Margaret of Dampierre to Philip the Bold. Alongside with neighboring Brabant and Hainaut, this region forced (+) Mary of Burgundy to sign the Great Privilege. It asserted its independence from France by winning the Battle of the Golden (*) Spurs. This region, a commercial center during the Renaissance, was the target of the Spanish Fury, which was a sack of Antwerp during the Eighty Years War. For the points, name this Dutch-speaking region of modern Belgium.

Flanders (prompt on Belgium before mentioned)

(29) This figure is credited with developing the "rose diagram" variant of the pie chart, which was used to describe deaths at the Selimiye [seh lim ee yeh] Barracks. This figure convinced Isambard Kingdom Brunel to build the Renkioi facility after taking out a newspaper report on the inadequacy of the hospitals at Scutari. This figure, the only woman to appear in Lytton Strachey's Eminent Victorians, became famous during the Crimean War as the "Lady with the Lamp." For the point, name this British woman, the founder of modern nursing.

Florence Nightingale Page 6 NHBB Nationals Bee 2016-2017 Bee Round 3

(28) The historic site of Bulow Plantation is found in this state, which was granted statehood at the same time as the non-slave state of Iowa as part of the terms of an 1845 compromise. A Native American reservation in this state was created by the Treaty of Moultrie Creek. Billy Bowlegs and Osceola [oss-ee-oh-lah] led a Native American tribe in this state that fought a series of three wars against the U.S. in the 19th century. For the point, name this home state of the Seminoles.

Florida

(7) This ruler ordered the execution of Waldensians at the Massacre of M´erindol. After this ruler's victory at the Battle of Marignano, this leader signed the Perpetual Peace with Switzerland. This ruler's blockade of Nice was aided by an Ottoman fleet, to which he had leased the port of Toulon. This man reneged on the Treaty of Madrid, which had ceded Burgundy and Provence to his neighbor, as soon as he was released from captivity. For ten points, name this French king of the Valois dynasty who lost the Battle of Pavia to Charles V.

Francis (or Fran¸cois BONUS: Francis partied with his rival Henry VIII at this site in 1520, where he sought an alliance. At this location, Francis defeated Henry in a wrestling match, wounding his ego. ANSWER: Field of the Cloth of Gold

(4) This man "placed his dithyrambs in the hands of the poet of Isoline" in a letter signed "Dionysus;" that letter is one of his Wahnzettel [vahn-zettel], or Madness Letters. According to legend, after this man witnessed a horse being flogged in Turin, he ran to protect it and collapsed at its side. After this man's death, his sister Elizabeth compiled and published the unfinished The Will to Power, which describes the problem of nihilism, a philosophy that this thinker's earlier works explained was the end result of the death of God. For ten points, name this German philosopher who wrote The Gay Science.

Friedrich Nietzsche

(34) This man cited Tengrist mythology to claim legitimacy, noting that he had been chosen by the "Eternal Blue Sky." This man's defeat at Balan Dalzhut to his enemy Jamukha was described in a Uyghur-script "Secret History," though in his later career, this man conquered the Khwarezmian empire. Assisted by his general and successor Ogedei, this man also conquered the Western Xia [shee-ah] and Jin Dynasties. This man's legacy in China was continued by his grandson, Kublai. For the point, name this Great Khan and founder of the Mongolian empire.

Genghis Khan (or Temujin)

(25) This city briefly captured the Tower of the Flies to gain control of Acre harbor during the War of Saint Sabas. This city almost ended an Aragonese invasion after winning the Battle of Ponza to lift the siege of Gaeta. Its Black Sea colony of Caffa may have been the starting point of the Black Plague, and it later lost much of its maritime power in the War of Chioggia [key oh jee ah]. At Lepanto, Andrea Doria led the fleet of, for the point, what rival of Venice and hometown of Christopher Columbus?

Genoa Page 5 NHBB Nationals Bee 2016-2017 Bee Round 4

(2) The Spa Conference was held in response to poor coal deliveries required by this policy. This policy was nullified at the Lausanne Conference, which caused a de jure reversion to the Young Plan. Etienne Mantoux argued that this policy was justified in response to one scholar's claim that this policy would lead to a "Carthaginian Peace." Herbert Hoover issued a one-year moratorium on this policy, for which the Dawes Plan had attempted to find a solution for. For ten points, name this series of payments that were forced onto a defeated Central Power nation after World War I.

German reparation payments (accept War Guilt; accept descriptions of money that Germany owed after World War I) BONUS: To enforce reparation payments, France and Belgium agreed to occupy what German industrial heartland, a river valley where German citizens responded with passive resistance? ANSWER: Ruhr valley

(28) A belief that divine protection could be granted by water known as maji maji arose from one of these places. The battles of Tanga and Sandfontein were fought to protect two of these regions. Togoland was one of these regions, and the Caprivi Strip was annexed into one of these entities in an agreement that declared Zanzibar would no longer be contested as a possible one of these entities. For the point, name these overseas entities that were divided between European powers in 1919 after their owner lost World War I and included modern Cameroon and Rwanda.

Germany's African colonies (prompt on partial answers)

(9) In this school of thought, Rubin's figure reflects the principle of multistability. The fuzzy trace theory of memory and reasoning was derived from this school of thought's principles, which include (+) proximity, continuity, and closure. This theory's developers encouraged holistic evaluations of human psychology, as opposed to reductionist behaviorist explanations. This school's ideas were elucidated by (*) Kurt Koffka and Max Wertheimer, and flourished after 1922 when Wolfgang K¨ohler was named Director of the Berlin School of Experimental Psychology. For ten points, name this psychological school of thought that is named after the German word for "whole."

Gestalt school (prompt on Berlin school before mentioned)

(5) An equestrian statue by this man was modified to depict Marcus Curtius due to the displeasure of its original subject, King Louis XIV. He created several busts of Pope Urban VIII, as well as a piece depicting included the Nile, Danube, Ganges, and Rio de la Plata. He made a piece for the Cornaro Chapel in which an angel is points a golden spear at the title Carmelite nun. For ten points, name this Italian Baroque sculptor of The Fountain of the Four Rivers and Ecstasy of St. Theresa.

Gian Lorenzo Bernini BONUS: Bernini designed a pair of Tuscan colonnades and a bronze baldaccino for this church, which is not technically a cathedral since it is not the seat of any bishop. ANSWER: Saint Peter's Basilica (or Papal Basilica of Saint Peter; prompt on St. Peter's)

(3) This initiative was aided by research task forces led by Bill Moyers and Richard Goodwin. The Upward Bound portion of this initiative attempted to boost college enrollment, while the Model Cities plan called for new urban housing developments. Literacy tests were banned with this program's Voting Rights Act, and it included a low-income health care program as part of a broad "war on poverty." Medicare and Medicaid were established as part of, for the point, what set of domestic welfare programs engineered by Lyndon B. Johnson?

Great Society (prompt on descriptions of Lyndon Johnson's domestic policies, including answers of the "war on poverty" before mentioned)

(4) Participants in this event attempted to escape the jurisdiction of the 1836 Punishment Act. The independence of a state established after this event was recognized by Britain in the Sand River Convention. Hundreds of participants in this event were killed in the (+) Weenen Massacre. In an extremely lopsided battle during this event, more than 3000 warriors massacred by a few hundred settlers led by Andries Pretorius, who only suffered three wounded, at the Battle of Blood River. This event led to the establishment of republics like the (*) Orange Free State and the Transvaal. For ten points, name this mass migration from the Cape to inland South Africa by Boer settlers.

Great Trek (or Groot Trek) Page 11 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2015-2016 Bowl V Quarterfinals and JV Semifinals

(25) A five-act opera by this man includes an auto-da-f´e scene and ends with former Emperor Charles V disguised as a monk, dragging his grandson into a tomb. This composer of Don Carlos wrote the "Chorus of Hebrew Slaves" for his opera Nabucco, which became an anthem of the Risorgimento. In another of his operas the Duke of Mantua sings "La donna e mobile" and was targeted for assassination by the title hunchbacked jester. For the point, name this Italian composer of Rigoletto.

Giuseppe Verdi

(8) While looking at this body of water, Frederick Billings remembered the George Berkeley quote "westward the course of empire takes its way." Extensive bath works known as the Sutro Baths overlook this body of water. To prevent Confederate warships from passing through this body of water during the Civil War, Fort Point was built at its southern end. This strait, south of Marin Peninsula, is spanned by a structure that was designed by Joseph Strauss and is painted International Orange. For ten points, name this strait that connects the Pacific to San Francisco Bay and is spanned by a namesake bridge.

Golden Gate (accept Golden Gate Bridge) BONUS: At the south end of the Golden Gate is what former Spanish military fort founded by Juan Bautista de Anza? ANSWER: Presidio of San Francisco

(7) One holder of this position controversially remarked that black people made game of having children out of wedlock called "jewels in the crown." Another holder of this position elim nated his state's poet laureate position to remove the author of "Somebody Blew (+) Up America," Amiri Baraka, and resigned this position after appointing his lover as Homeland Security Adviser. Christine Todd Whitman and Jim McGreevey have held this position, whose power was recently used to gain political revenge by (*) closing two lanes on the George Washington Bridge during rush hour. For ten points, name this political position currently held by Chris Christie.

Governor of New Jersey (prompt on partial answers)

(10) Los Lobos claimed to have written the final song on this album, and Morris Goldberg played a penny whistle solo on its first single. The inspiration for this album was a bootleg cassette entitled Gumboots, on which a Joseph Shabalala-founded ensemble perfomed township jive. The appearance of groups such as Ladysmith Black Mambazo led Artists United Against Apartheid to protest this album. For ten points, "You Can Call Me Al" was from what Paul Simon album, named for Elvis Presley's mansion?

Graceland BONUS: Artists United Against Apartheid also released this 1985 single, named after a South African luxury resort where performers such as Queen and Linda Rondstadt performed in defiance of the cultural boycott. ANSWER: Sun City

(1) A Randy Newman song about this event features the President at the time saying "little fat man, isn't it a shame?" The Colored Advisory Commission led by Robert Moton investigated the treatment of African Americans in refugee camps created after this event. (+) Mounds Landing and Arkansas City were some of the worst hit cities in this event, which contributed to the Great Migration. President Coolidge sent Herbert Hoover to direct (*) relief efforts for this event, which left hundreds of thousands of people homeless after over 140 locations in a levee system failed. For ten points, name this devastating 1927 flood.

Great Mississippi Flood (accept descriptions of the Mississippi River flooding in 1927, with 1927 and flood not being required after they said at the end)

(1) The MS Alfhem helped this country bypass a US-led arms blockade by bringing Czechoslovakian weapons. A general from this country managed to capture a flag from William Walker's house unharmed. Guerilla fighters were opposed in the "guns and beans" campaign implemented by its former president Efrain Rios Montt. Operation PBSUCCESS overthrew President Jacobo Arbenz of this country on behalf of the United Fruit Company. For the point, name this Central American country now led by Jimmy Morales.

Guatemala

(19) In the early 1960's, American Green Berets trained soldiers that formed this country's Mano Blanca death squads. When a group of leftist peasants occupied the Spanish embassy in this country in 1980, the government intervened and (+) burned the building to the ground. The Victoria 82 campaign targeted revolutionaries in this country and was launched by Efrain (*) Rios Montt. Rigoberta Menchu is an activist for native peoples in, for the points, what Central American country where a four-decade long civil war ended with a 1996 peace agreement, signed in its namesake capital city?

Guatemala

(2) In response to this event, the Ticonderoga and Constellation launched bombers in Operation Pierce Arrow. Historians argue over whether John Herrick had ordered his machine gunners to fire (+) warning shots during this event, which interrupted intelligence patrolling. One participant in this event admitted there was a response to an imaginary incident on (*) August 4, but not to a real one on August 2. For ten points, name this 1964 event in which torpedo boats fired on the USS Maddox in an arm of the South China Sea, after which Congress authorized Lyndon Johnson's troop deployment to Vietnam.

Gulf of Tonkin incident

(4) This composer changed his surname so that he could serve with the YMCA during World War I. He reused the finale of his Second Suite for Military Band, "Fantasia on the Dargason," in his St. Paul's Suite. A patriotic hymn by Cecil Spring Rice named "I Vow To Thee, My Country" was set to Thaxted which was taken from a suite by this man with movements subtitled "The Bringer of War" and "The Bringer of Jollity." For ten points, name this English composer who depicted Mars and Jupiter in The Planets

Gustav (von) Holst

(16) A Scottish invasion of this monarch's land was repulsed by the Earl of Surrey, leading to the death of James IV. This propagator of the first Act of Supremacy faced a rebellion from Robert Aske known as the Pilgrimage of Grace during his dissolution of the monasteries. Cardinal Wolsey, Thomas Cromwell, and Thomas Cranmer were all advisers of this king, who broke with the Catholic Church to form the Church of England. For the point, name this Tudor monarch of England who was married six times.

Henry VIII

(34) Ruth Edna Kelley's first book is a detailed history about this tradition. An ad for Jello in a 1946 episode of the Baby Snooks Show helped popularize an aspect of this tradition that, in scattered regions of the Midwest and New England, takes place on "Beggar's Night." The Gaels originally celebrated this event as Samhain, during which large bonfires were held. This event, which occurs two days before All Souls' Day, has much in common with Mexico's Day of the Dead. For the point, name this holiday whose traditional offering to souls has evolved into trick-or-treating.

Halloween (accept Allhalloween; accept All Hallow's Eve; accept All Saints' Eve

(12) A meeting at this location was partially organized by Francis Preston Blair and was an unsuccessful attempt to resolve a promise made in the "To Whom it May Concern" letter. A battle fought at this location was instigated when (+) Catesby ap Roger Jones decided to finish off the crippled ship Minnesota. A conference at this location on (*) board the River Queen failed to broker a peace deal between Alexander Stephens and Abraham Lincoln. For the points, name this site where the Merrimack and the Monitor fought to a duel in 1862, a body of water on the Virginia coast.

Hampton Roads (accept Battle of Hampton Roads; accept Hampton Roads Conference; do not prompt on Chesapeake Bay)

(27) Dixon Miles died while defending this location from Confederate troops who assaulted it after capturing the Maryland Heights. A two-day standoff ensued in this location when an insurrectionist held nine people hostage in an engine house. A man executed for actions in this location was Shields Green, who was nicknamed "Emperor." The Secret Six backed a raid in this location by an abolitionist in 1859. For the point, name this location of an armory that was raided by John Brown.

Harpers Ferry (accept the Battle of Harpers Ferry; accept the Raid on Harpers Ferry

(3) During meeting with Melih Absel, this man said "The illegal we do immediately. The unconstitutional takes little longer." This man outlined one of his famous strategies in his book The Necessity for Choice that strategy was response to an earlier policy of (+) "massive retaliation" and involved a "flexible response" to nuclear threats. This man's frequent flying between Middle Eastern capitals, attempting to resolve the (*) Yom Kippur War, became known as "shuttle diplomacy." For ten points, name this proponent of d´etente who served as Secretary of State under Presidents Ford and Nixon.

Henry Alfred Kissinger (or Heinz Alfred Kissinger

(6) Early in his career, this man was wounded in a duel with Humphrey Marshall. After having worked on this man's estate of Ashland, this man's slave, Charlotte Dupuy, unsuccessfully sued for her freedom in Washington D.C.. This man lost a presidential election where his running mate was Theodore Frelinghuysen; in an earlier election, he agreed to become Secretary of State in what was deemed a "Corrupt Bargain." For the point, name this longtime Speaker of the House from Kentucky, known as "The Great Compromiser."

Henry Clay

(6) After his wife sprained her ankle, this man cancelled his booking for a suite on the Titanic. This man inherited the whiskey manufacturer Old Overholt from his grandfather. This friend and business partner of Andrew Mellon was stabbed four times in the leg with a steel file during an assassination attempt conducted by Alexander Berkman; that event occurred after this man threatened to evict workers who participated in the 1892 Homestead Strike. For ten points, name this founder of an eponymous coke business and chairman of Carnegie Steel.

Henry Clay Frick BONUS: Frick was one of the co-founders of the South Fork Fishing and Hunting Club, a group whose poor maintenance of their property caused this 1889 disaster. ANSWER: Johnstown Flood (prompt on the (Great) Flood) Page 4 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2016-2017 Bowl Round 8

(9) Critics accused the mistress Gabrielle d'Estrees of pushing this action along, while historians have wondered why it did not occur earlier, after the Battle of Ivry. Prior to this action happening, a man had (+) soul-searching conversations in the village of Suresnes with his chief adviser, the Duke of Sully. It resulted in an excommunication lifted by Pope Clement VIII. It was promised some years earlier by the Prince of (*) Conde and his cousin to escape death in the Saint Bartholomew's Day Massacre. For the point, name this action that a King of Navarre did during the War of the Three Henrys, as explained by the line "Paris is well worth a Mass."

Henry IV converting to Catholicism (or Henry IV renouncing Protestantism; accept Henry of Navarre for Henry IV; prompt on partial answers, like "a French king converting religion") Page 2 NHBB Nationals Bee 2015-2016 Bee Final Round

(23) Baldur von Schirach and Artur Axmann were leaders of this organization. Members of this organization made up the majority of Kurt "Panzer" Meyer's 12th SS Panzer Division. Despite nominally being part of it, Hans Scholl, a member of the White (+) Rose, opposed this organization's beliefs. Members of this organization served as "flak helpers" manning antiaircraft guns, and many were recruited into the (*) Volksturm alongside veterans of previous wars at the end of World War II. The Bund Deutscher M¨adel was a branch of this organization that enrolled girls. For the point, name this organization for young people in Nazi Germany.

Hitler Youth (prompt on Bund Deutscher M¨adel before mentioned; prompt on Deutsches Jungvolk, prompt on Nazi Party)

(5) This man depicted the murder of a working class family during the July Monarchy in his lithograph Rue Transnonain. One work by this artist shows a photographer in a hot air balloon taking pictures. Another work by this artist satirically depicts an obese Louis-Phillipe being fed humans as the title creature. This artist of Nadar Elevating Photography to the Height of Art and Gargantuan depicted a peasant family in a namesake carriage on a train. For ten points, name this 19th century French artist of Third Class Carriage.

Honore Daumier Page 1 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2015-2016 Bowl Round 7

(1) This man strove to grant full employment to citizens over 16 in an act co-sponsored with Augustus Hawkins. This assistant director of the War Manpower Commission was one of the primary authors of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. This "Happy (+) Warrior" helped found the Democratic-Farmer-Labor party, which he supported when he was elected mayor of (*) Minneapolis for a second time. As chaos enveloped the Chicago convention, Eugene McCarthy was snubbed in favor of, for ten points, what 1968 Democratic nominee who lost the general election to Richard Nixon?

Hubert H. Humphrey

(1) Members of this party allegedly received kickbacks from Swedish arms company Bofors AB. Shortly before a planned interview with Peter Ustinov, one leader of this party was assassinated in retaliation for ordering Operation Blue Star; that leader of this party suspended civil liberties during the Emergency. In a 2014 election, this party lost power to Narendra Modi's BJP. For ten points, name this political party whose members have included Jawaharlal Nehru and Indira Gandhi.

Indian National Congress (or INC)

(3) This military operation began during Operation Lotus. Nicolau Lobato was killed during this initiative, which was defended as a "sacred right of self-determination" by Ali Alatas. Max Stahl was able to film the beatings of Amy Goodman and Allan Nairn during one protest against this initiative. A massacre in a graveyard at Santa Cruz increased international scrutiny against this initiative that was opposed by FALANTIL. This initiative led to the occupation of Dilli. For ten points, name this initiative in which Suharto's military occupied half of a nearby island.

Indonesia's invasion of East Timor BONUS: This U.S. secretary of state was criticized for his tacit approval of the Indonesian invasion. He had informed Suharto he would not object to annexation, and that his only request was that it be done quickly. ANSWER: Henry Kissinger Page 3 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2015-2016 Bowl Backup Round 1

(5) One hundred of these objects were initially purchased by William T. Robey, while the other 600 were destroyed. A forgery of one of these objects was found on a Broward County absentee ballot in 2006. These items have recently sold for nearly a million dollars each, despite their printed price of 24 cents, and were made in 1918 to commemorate a new air mail route. For ten points, name these rare United States stamps in which the central object was misprinted upside-down.

Inverted Jenny stamps (accept Flying Jenny stamp, accept any description about an upside-down biplane stamp, but do not require "upside down" or "inverted" after the final word is read) Page 1 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2015-2016 Bowl Round 9

(4) The sitting vice president denied knowledge of this event, stating that he was "out of the loop," although he later noted that "mistakes were made." Manucher Ghorbanifer came close to accidentally stopping this event thanks to his extortionate (+) price quotes. This event violated the Boland Amendment, and it was investigated by the Tower Committee, which led to indictments for Caspar (*) Weinberger and Oliver North. For ten points, name this scandal in which arms were illegally sold to a Middle Eastern country to fund the Nicaraguan enemy of the Sandinistas.

Iran-Contra scandal Page 9 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2015-2016 Bowl Round 1

(2) Critics of American coverage of this war note that the media believed that one side's soldiers held plastic keys that would grant them instant access to paradise. The USS Stark was hit by two (+) Exocet missiles launched by one side during this conflict. This conflict was ended by UN Resolution 528, which restored pre-war boundaries according to the Algiers Agreement. Operation (*) Scorch Sword was an unsuccessful attempt by one side in this conflict to destroy the other's Osirak reactor. For ten points, name this 1980-1988 war between two Middle Eastern nations led by Saddam Hussein and Ayatollah Khomeini.

Iran-Iraq War (accept names in either order)

(7) Fowzi Nejad managed to survive this event when his executor realized he was on live TV. The sound of mice was used to justify the sound of bugging devices on the walls in this event that saw Red and Blue teams rappel through the roof. Trevor Lock tackled the perpetrator of this event, Oan Ali Mohammed. It began when the disgruntled Khuzestani DRFLA took 26 people hostage, and was ended by SAS troops. For ten points, name this 1980 hostage crisis in London that took place in a diplomatic building staffed by the government of Ayatollah Khomeini.

Iranian Embassy siege (prompt on partial answers)

(1) This ruler allied with Mengli Girei of Crimea to counter Ahmed of the Golden Horde and Casimir II of Poland. He created a manorial system by which servants could be granted estates for loyal service known as the pomestie. This man's marriage to the daughter of the last Byzantine Emperor lent credence to his claims of a Third Rome. This ruer annexed neighboring Novgorod and led the Great Stand on the Ugra River, ending the Mongol yoke over Russia. For ten points, name this Prince of Moscow, the father of Ivan the Terrible.

Ivan III Vasilyevich of Russia (or Ivan the Great; prompt on Ivan)

(6) This colony was the site of the Battle of Ocho Rios, which reaffirmed its British seizure from the Spanish under the expedition of Robert Venables. In this colony, Samuel Sharpe led a slave rebellion on Christmas Day sometimes called the Baptist War. Other uprisings in this colony culminated in two Maroon Wars and the Morant Bay Rebellion. The pirate haven of Port Royal was located in, for ten points, what Caribbean island whose capital was moved by the British from Spanish Town to Kingston?

Jamaica

(22) A panic during this man's presidency was partially caused by the collapse of the Ohio Life and Trust Company. John Covode led a committee investigating this man for corruption. An incident under this man's predecessor involving the Black Warrior prompted this man to (+) co-write a document with Pierre Soul´e and John Mason calling for war against Spain if the U.S. was not given Cuba. This man, who helped write the (*) Ostend Manifesto, was president during the Dred Scott case and was the only unmarried president in history. For the points, name this 15th president who preceded Abraham Lincoln.

James Buchanan, Jr.

(30) After this man attacked Fairfax Court House, he sent a taunting telegraph to Montgomery Meigs regarding the inadequacy of the supplies stolen. This man clashed over possession of the Fleetwood Hill in a battle against (+) Alfred Pleasanton. This man was replaced by Fitzhugh Lee after he was slain by John Huff at Yellow (*) Tavern. This man was criticized for fighting in the Battle of Brandy Station, which led to his absence at Gettysburg. The "eyes and ears" of Robert E. Lee's army was, for the points, what Confederate cavalry general?

James Ewell Brown "Jeb" Stuart

(35) This man worked with Ahaya the Cowkeeper in an unsuccessful attempt to besiege Saint Augustine during the War of Jenkins' Ear. He advocated for better rights for members of the Royal Navy in his pamphlet "The (+) Sailor's Advocate" and befriended the chief Tomochichi of the Yamacraw, after the ship Anne had taken him to their land. Earlier, this man led a Parliamentary committee on (*) prison reform, which inspired him to found a haven for debtors. For the points, name this founder of the colony of Georgia.

James Oglethorpe Page 8 NHBB Nationals Bee 2016-2017 Bee Playoff Round 1 Extra Question Only read if moderator botches a question.

(6) In an epic poem set in this country, group of exiles send message to an old leader by writing their names on thousand pieces of wood and casting them into the sea. While sick, the body of an evil poetic character from this country is so feverish that it turns (+) water to fire. A poem from this country is about a hut that "May change with a new owner / Into a doll's house" and opens the collection (*) Narrow Road to the Deep North. The Taira and Minamoto clans clash in The Tale of the Heike, an epic poem from this country. For ten points, name this home country of Matsuo Basho, a poet who wrote many haiku.

Japan

(6) This country's post-World War II years are described in the nihilistic novel The Decay of the Angel. A novel set in this country features characters called The Minister of the Left and the Minister of the Right. Father Rodrigues' journal provides much of the action in a novel set in this country called Silence. The customs of this country's court life are detailed in The Pillow Book, as well as a novel featuring Lady Aoi. For ten points, name this country, the setting of The Tale of Genji.

Japan BONUS: The Pillow Book was written by what Heian-era poet, who served Empress Teishi? ANSWER: Sei Shonagon (prompt on Shonagon) Page 4 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2015-2016 Bowl Round 7

(13) A work by this author opens with a politician named Yali asking why white men brought so much cargo to New Guinea. This author lists overhunting and overfishing as two of 12 environmental factors that threaten contemporary society in his 2005 work (+) Collapse. A work by this author, sometimes subtitled "A Short History of Everybody for the Last 13,000 Years," argues against (*) Eurasian intellectual superiority and explains European domination of the world instead as a consequence of the three title factors. For the points, name this American popular scientist, the author of Guns, Germs and Steel.

Jared Mason Diamond

(15) The last independent state on this island before its colonization was the Sultanate of Mataram. Before its conversion to Islam, a Buddhist state on this island built the temple of Borobudur. The fall of the Majapahit led many Hindus to flee from this island to Bali. The cities of Semarang, Bekasi, and Surabaya are on this island, which the Dutch East India Company colonized and grew coffee on. For the point, name this Indonesian island where numerous cultures developed around Jakarta.

Java Page 3 NHBB Nationals Bee 2016-2017 Bee Round 6

(5) A force led by this man was soundly defeated by the Carolina and other ships under the command of Daniel Patterson. Late in life, this man established a colony in Texas that he named Campeche. Along with his older brother, this man established a base of operations on the island of Barataria. This man's followers were commended for their performance as gunners and granted a full pardon by Andrew Jackson in 1815. For ten points, name this pirate who assisted the American forces in the Battle of New Orleans.

Jean Lafitte BONUS: Privateers such as Lafitte were given these letters, which authorized them to attack and seize enemy ships in times of war. Ironically, pirates often held these letters from both sides simultaneously. ANSWER: Letters of Marque (and Reprisal) Page 4 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2016-2017 Bowl Playoff Packet 7

(7) This leader converted to Islam in order to receive aid from Gaddafi, but converted back to Christianity three months later when the aid did not arrive. This leader was overthrown in the French led Operation (+) Barracuda, which restored David Dacko to power. This leader purportedly beat schoolchildren with his walking stick after they refused to buy uniforms adorned with his face. This leader, who spent a third of his country's budget on a lavish (*) 1977 coronation as Emperor, was acquitted of cannibalism when put on trial. For ten points, name this dictator of the Central African Republic during the 1970s.

Jean-Bedel Bokassa

(4) This artist painted a firing squad of soldiers walking away from a man dressed in black lying facedown on the ground in The Death of Marshal Ney. Another of his works shows the Roman (+) emperor observing the central action from his box above a red tapestry with a vulture on it, while a line of Vestal Virgins signals the murmillo to not spare the retiarius with a (*) thumbs-down gesture. For ten points, name this prominent French painter of academic art, best known for depicting a gladiator about to kill his vanquished opponent in Pollice Verso.

Jean-Leon Gerome Page 10 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2015-2016 Bowl Backup Round 1

(7) Amal´ee Thalamas was attacked by the Camelots du Roi for criticizing this person, who was an Anti-Dreyfusard symbol. Soldiers in World War I often carried this person's image into battle, leading to this saint's canonization in 1920. This saint was posthumously exonerated by Pope Callixtus III, and Bishop Pierre Cauchon was excommunicated for persecuting this saint. This saint was captured near Compi`egne, found guilty of heresy, and burned at the stake in 1431. For the point, name this patron saint of France who broke the Siege of Orleans during the Hundred Years War.

Joan of Arc (or Jean d'Arc

(6) During the 2012 election campaign, this politician said that the opposing party's policies on regulation would "put y'all back in chains." In 2008, Christine O'Donnell ran against this man for his Senate seat, which he resigned nine days into his (+) seventh term. This man's son served as state Attorney General and planned to run for governor until he (*) died of brain cancer in May 2015. On January 12th, 2017, this man received a Presidential Medal of Freedom with Distinction from his boss. For ten points, name this father of Beau, a former Delaware Senator and Vice President of the United States under Barack Obama.

Joe Biden

(8) This composer wrote a piece for the Duke of Saxe-Weissenfels that includes the aria "Sheep may safely graze." This composer of the Hunting Cantata omitted violins from the sixth and final piece of another collection by this man, written as a failed job application for the title Margrave. Frederick the Great provided the melody for the Musical Offering by, for the point, what German Baroque compser of a St. Matthew Passion that was revived by Felix Mendelssohn, as well as the Brandenburg Concertos?

Johann Sebastian Bach

(18) This author described meeting Alessandro Cagliostro, who was kicked out of France for his alleged involvement in the Affair of the Diamond Necklace, in a travelogue that begins with the phrase "Et (+) in Arcadia ego." This man wrote two novels about a character who abandons a life of acting to join the Tower Society, the second of which concerns that character's (*) "Journeyman Years." The title character of a play by this author seduces Gretchen with the power he gained from making a pact with Mephistopheles. For the points, name this German author of Wilhelm Meister's Apprenticeship and Faust.

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe

(9) This man railed against those who would use governmental power to pursue personal gain in his Disquisition on Government. In a speech, this man argued that "in the present state of civilization," the intellectual differences between the races made slavery a "positive good." This man created the Bureau of Indian Affairs while serving as Secretary of War, and held "the Union, next to our liberty, most dear" in his opposition to the Tariff of Abominations, which he believed states should ignore. For ten points, name this advocate for nullification, the southern most of the Great Triumvirate.

John C. Calhoun BONUS: Calhoun attacked the Tariff of Abominations in this anonymous-published work, which was distributed to state legislators in Columbia. ANSWER: South Carolina Exposition and Protest (prompt on partial answers) Page 5 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2015-2016 Bowl Round 9

(21) This man initially worked with his brother Henry in a butcher's shop before entering his most famous business. After the Empress of China left on her maiden voyage, this man expanded his business to Canton. This husband of (+) Sarah Todd funded an expedition that led to the discovery of South Pass and the establishment of a namesake fort along the (*) Columbia. Employees of his most famous company would meet at rendezvous and traveled extensively through the Great Plains. For the points, name this 19th century businessman who established the American Fur Company.

John Jacob Astor

(7) Despite having a palsied arm, this man was never assisted in writing by his follower, John Purvey. William Courtenay condemned this man at the "Earthquake Synod." A follower of a movement founded by this man served as the basis for the Shakespearean character of Falstaff. John Oldcastle believed in this man's ideas, and he inspired the Czech theologian Jan Hus. For ten points, name this English thinker who attacked the excesses of the clergy as the leader of the Lollards.

John Wycliffe BONUS: Wycliffe translated the Bible into English; his work was based on this 4th century Latin translation of the Bible by Saint Jerome. ANSWER: Vulgate Page 4 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2016-2017 Bowl Round 1

(12) Criticism of this event led to nationwide adoption of the precedent set in Rylands v. Fletcher. Woodvale was destroyed in this event, which bore remarkable similarities to a later 1936 disaster on St. Patrick's Day. This event forced workers into using dynamite to unclog debris at the Stone Bridge. Henry Clay Frick was blamed for the failure of a dam on the Little Conemaugh River, which triggered this event. Over 2,200 people died in, for ten points, what 1889 flood in Pennsylvania?

Johnstown Flood (accept Great Flood of 1889 before the year is mentioned) BONUS: Philander Knox successfully defended this hunting group, whose members included Andrew Carnegie, against claims of negligence following the flood. ANSWER: South Fork Fishing and Hunting Club (accept either or both of "fishing and hunting" in either order, if they're given)

(2) This man's step-grandfather, White Man Runs Him, served as a scout for Custer's forces prior to the Battle of the Little Bighorn. This man published a book on buffalo jump techniques and, while serving in World War II, managed to steal 50 horses belonging to the SS, an exploit that helped this 2009 recipient of the Presidential Medal of Freedom become a War Chief. For ten points, name this Plains Indians War Chief of the Crow nation who died in 2016 at the age of 102.

Joseph Medicine Crow High Bird

(4) This ruler translated some of the couplets in The Knight in the Panther's Skin, which was the national epic of his home country. A poem about this ruler mentions his "thick fingers" that are bulky and "fat like live-baits" as well as his wide "Ossetian torso." His secret police ordered the execution of Osip Mandelstam for writing a satirical epigram. Nicholas Rubashov is supposedly unloyal to this man, called Number One, in Arthur Koestler's Darkness at Noon. For ten points, name this totalitarian dictator of the USSR who died in 1953.

Joseph Stalin (or Joseph Dzhugashvili) Page 1 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2015-2016 Bowl Round 10

(3) After this man led a coup d'etat against a coalition led by Chjeno [he ay nah], this man declared that he wanted a "revolution without revolutionary consequences." This man purged political enemies in the 1931-32 Brest Trials. This leader attempted to protect his country from both Western and Eastern enemies by creating an "Intermarium" of nearby states, and led his namesake Legions on the German side in WWI. This man's troops repulsed Soviet troops in the "Miracle on the Vistula," protecting Warsaw. For ten points, name this field marshal of the 1920s, credited with creating the Second Polish Republic and modern Poland.

J´osef Pilsudski BONUS: Pilsudski attempted to break the USSR back up into numerous nations with this policy, named for a Greek god. ANSWER: Prometheism (accept Prometheus policy and any other word forms) Page 3 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2016-2017 Bowl Playoff Packet 8

(6) A minister from this state wrote the novel In His Steps, which introduced the question "What Would Jesus Do?" A student at a religious school in this state, Agnes Ozman, was the first credited member of an associated religious movement to (+) speak in tongues. Charles Fox Parham founded Bethel Bible College in this state, which is also home to a church whose (*) founder died in 2014 and was notorious for picketing funerals and engaging in anti-gay protests. For ten points, name this state where Fred Phelps founded the Westboro Baptist Church in Topeka.

Kansas

(6) William Ireland created a political cartoon about this treaty titled "Married Again" that shows a spherically-shaped figure next to the words "this wicked world." A follow-up to this treaty signed one year later was named after Maxim Litvinov. John J. Blaine was the only U.S. Senator who voted against this treaty, whose ideals were challenged when Italy invaded Ethiopia in 1935. For ten points, name this international pact of 1928 that renounced war as an "instrument of national policy" and is named after two diplomats.

Kellogg Briand Pact (accept Pact of Paris; accept General Treaty for Renunci tion of War as an Instrument of National Policy before "renounced" is read) BONUS: Aristide Briand had earlier won the Nobel Peace Prize for his work on this set of treaties that helped normalize relations in post-war Europe. These treaties were named for the Swiss town in which they were negotiated. ANSWER: Locarno Treaties Page 4 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2016-2017 Bowl Playoff Packet 5

(9) This monarch successfully pushed for abolishing the Remplacement system for military conscription. This monarch married his mistress Caroline Lacroix five days before his death, and survived an assassination attempt by Genaro (+) Rubio. Mark Twain criticized this man's policies in a soliloquy named after him. This man formed the Force Publique to enforce his rule in a certain area, but was criticized in the (*) Casement Report, which detailed atrocities inflicted upon rubber harvesters. For the point, name this Belgian monarch best known for his exploitation of the Congo Free State.

King Leopold II

(3) The admiral Pierre de Suffren helped introduce copper-bottoms to this kingdom's navy, which was led by mir yams. This kingdom developed projectiles fired from iron tubes that, after they fell into enemy hands, inspired the development of the Congreve rocket. Its successful invasion of Travancore under Tipu Sultan triggered the third of four wars with a European power; Tipu died at Srirangapatna at the end of the fourth of those wars. For ten points, name this kingdom that ruled southern India for four centuries until it was subjugated by the British.

Kingdom of Mysore

(3) A film set during this war starred Angela Lansbury and Frank Sinatra and centered on Raymond Shaw, who is brainwashed to murder after seeing the queen of diamonds. Another movie set during this war was directed by (+) Robert Altman and inspired a TV series with characters Trapper John and Hawkeye Pierce, who work at the (*) 4077th medical camp. Before his advertising career, Mad Men's Don Draper fought in this war, the setting of the original Manchurian Candidate. For ten points, name this war in which MASH was set.

Korean War

(1) As Acting Solicitor General, Neal Katyal released a 2011 statement accusing one of his predecessors, Charles Fahy, of covering up evidence relevant to this case. Justice Frank Murphy's dissent in this case, along with his concurrence in Steele, marked the first uses of the word "racism" in a Supreme Court opinion. The previous case of Hirabayashi v. United States was found to be controlling in Hugo Black's majority opinion in this case, which defended Executive Order 9066 as a legitimate use of executive discretion. For ten points, name this 1944 Supreme Court decision that upheld Japanese internment camps.

Korematsu v. United States

(1) This ruler sent a punitive expedition against the Singhasari Kingdom on the island of Java. Though he managed to establish suzerainty over the Kingdom of Pagan, he was repulsed at the Battle of Bach Dang by Tran Hung Dao. After the death of his older brother, this ruler waged a destructive civil war against his youngest brother Ariq Boke in the Toluid Civil War. The remnants of the Southern Song Dynasty were defeated by this man at the Battle of Yamen. The capital of Xanadu was owned by, for ten points, what founder of the Yuan Dynasty, a prominent Mongol emperor?

Kublai Khan (or Yuan Shizu) BONUS: Kublai Khan, like other Mongol leaders, employed what method of killing royals to prevent the ground from being sullied by royal blood? The rebel Nayan and the Abbasid caliph met this fate. ANSWER: rolling into a carpet and being trampled by horses (anything involving trampling, really)

(15) Armed clashes that broke out in this country's capital city were ended by the 2008 Doha Agreement. This country's parliament primarily consists of the March 8 and March 14 coalitions. A 29 month political deadlock in this country was ended with the October 2016 election of President Michel Aoun. In recent years, around one quarter of this country's population has been Syrians fleeing a neighboring civil war. For the point, name this Levantine Arab country with a significant Maronite population whose capital is Beirut.

Lebanon Page 3 NHBB Nationals Bee 2016-2017 Bee Round 5

(5) Affirmative action programs in this country favor native residents known as "bumiputeras." This country's city of Penang was the capital of the Straits Settlements. This country's capital is home to a pair of twin towers that were the tallest in the world from 1998 to 2004. It was formed from the union of Sarawak, North Borneo, and a namesake peninsula. In 1965, Singapore was kicked out of, for the point, what Southeast Asian nation whose Petronas Towers are in Kuala Lumpur?

Malaysia Page 1 NHBB A-Set Bee 2016-2017 Bee Round 2

(3) One character in this novel is threatened with disinheritance after refusing John Brooke's marriage proposal. While caring for the Hummel family, a musician in this novel dies of scarlet fever. A boy living next door to this novel's protagonists marries the youngest of them after she returns from Europe; that boy is "Laurie" Laurence. This novel begins with its protagonists preparing for Christmas while their father serves in the Union Army. The series begun by this novel end by focusing on Fritz Bhaer's wife in Jo's Boys. For ten points, name this novel about the March sisters written by Louisa May Alcott.

Little Women

(2) The Foursquare Church was founded in this city by a preacher who later disappeared from a beach off one of this city's Western neighborhoods. That lady preacher from this city was allegedly kidnapped to Mexico in 1926 and was named Aimee (+) Semple McPherson. This city saw the founding of the modern Pentecostal movement by William J. Seymour in 1906 as host of the Azusa Street Revival. In the present day, Cardinal Roger Mahoney leads this city's Catholics, who form the (*) largest archdiocese in the United States. For ten points, name this West Coast city where preachers often try to convert Hollywood stars.

Los Angeles

(6) David Markson's best known work is titled for this philosopher's "Mistress." Bertrand Russell's "The Philosophy of Logical Atomism" was based on one of this man's works. This philosopher once threatened Karl Popper with a hot poker because Popper claimed the existence of moral rules. "The world is everything that is the case" opens a work by this man that he himself later critiqued in his posthumously published Philosophical Investigations. For ten points, name this Austrian philosopher who argued that all philosophical problems were mere "language-games" and wrote Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus

Ludwig Wittgenstein BONUS: Wittgenstein's Tractatus was adored, albeit often misunderstood according to Wittgenstein himself, by members of this philosophical group. It essentially fell apart after the 1936 murder of Moritz Schlick, although many of its members had earlier fled from the Nazis. ANSWER: Vienna Circle (prompt on descriptions of the University of Vienna) Page 4 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2016-2017 Bowl Round 4

(18) Wilhelm F¨urtwangler conducted a 1951 performance of this work that re-opened the Bayreuth Festival. A part of this work was used as a compromise anthem for a United Team of (+) East and West Germany at several Olympic Games. Its premiere was conducted by both Michael Umlauf and its composer, and Charles (*) Rosen called this work's final movement a "symphony-within-a-symphony." That final movement, also the anthem of the EU, sets a text that begins "O, Freunde, nicht diese T¨one!" and was written by Friedrich Schiller. The "Ode To Joy" is found in, for the points, what final symphony of Ludwig van Beethoven?

Ludwig van Beethoven's Symphony Number 9 in D minor, opus 125 (or Choral Symphony; "Beethoven" and "symphony" not necessary after they are mentioned)

(8) This composition is often erroneously claimed to be the first of its type to include trombone and piccolo. Its third movement borrows a theme from Mozart's Symphony no. 40, and was premiered in an 1808 concert along with the next piece of its type by the same composer. A theme from this work was used in the "V for Victory" campaign during World War II and has been described as "fate knocking at the door." For the point, name this Ludwig van Beethoven symphony in C minor, famous for its short-short-short-long opening motif.

Ludwig van Beethoven's Symphony no. 5 in C minor, Op. 67 ("Beethoven" and "Symphony" not needed after mention)

(26) These people allied with the sultanate of Gujarat, joining navies to defeat the Portuguese at the Battle of Chaul. The power of these people was broken when they were defeated at Marj Dabiq in 1516, forcing (+) Tumambay II to flee his capital before Selim I. Earlier, this group was able to defeat Kitbuqa at the Battle of (*) Ain Jalut, benefiting from Hulagu's absence and thus ending a Mongol invasion. Qutuz and Baibars were members of, for the points, what group of Muslim slave soldiers that founded a sultanate based in Cairo?

Mamluks (accept Mamluk Sultanate)

(8) A stonemason named Elias of Dereham may have provided a building he designed with a copy of this document, which is to be read at cathedrals twice a year. This document exempted the seacoast from a stipulation calling for the removal of royal fish weirs. Shortly after this document's adoption, a conflict that included a siege of Dover broke out. The First Barons' War arose after the creation of, for ten points, what document that was sealed at Runnymede by King John in 1215?

Magna Carta Libertatum (accept the Great Charter of the Liberties; accept Magna Charta BONUS: Stephen Langton, the holder of this post, helped write the Magna Carta. ANSWER: Archbishop of Canterbury

(5) This team lost a group of promising young players in the 1958 Munich air disaster, though a survivor of that crash, Bobby Charlton, held the goalscoring record for this club until 2017. A manager who gave locker room tirades known as "hairdryer treatments" won 13 Premier League titles with this club, which is currently managed by the Portuguese former manager of Chelsea, Jos´e Mourinho. Sir Alex Ferguson once coached, for ten points, what English soccer team led by Zlatan Ibrahimovic and Wayne Rooney?

Manchester United F.C. (prompt on Manchester and/or United alone; prompt on ManU) Page 1 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2016-2017 Bowl Round 4

(4) One emperor of this region came to power after the signing of the Articles of Favorable Treatment. The Concordia Association was the prevalent party in this region, and it was defeated in the battle of Khalkin Gol. Unit 731, a group of doctors that experimented on humans, operated in this region. Rulers of this region were known as Kangde. It was established after a victorious campaign of the Kwantung army under Hideki Tojo, and it was located in the northern region of China. For ten points, name this puppet state that was located in present day Manchuria.

Manchukuo (prompt on Manchuria before mentioned) BONUS: The only emperor of Manchukuo was this final leader of the Qing dynasty, who was forced to abdicate as a child. ANSWER: Emperor Puyi

(23) This man's most notable deed was recorded within the Catalan Atlas. This man waged war against the Mossi peoples, where he was served by the general Sagmandia. Djingeureber Mosque was built by this man's architect as-Saheli, as was Sankore University. Maghan succeeded this man whose most notable action saw him travel through Cairo and Medina while legendarily handing out large amounts of golden coins. For the point, name this king of Mali known for his extravagant hajj to Mecca.

Mansa Musa

(9) One depiction of this man shows him walking in front of mountains and clouds en route to a miners strike in Anyuan. He promoted socialist realism and artwork that was "red, light and bright" during his tenure. This man wears blue eyeshadow and rouge in a silkscreen print by Andy Warhol, and his official portrait by Ge Xiaoguang hangs on Tienanmen Gate. For ten points, name this leader who restricted artistic subjects through his Cultural Revolution policies as the first Chairman of Communist China.

Mao Zedong (or Chairman Mao

(8) A fire at this man's home destroyed his book Dialogues against the Peripatetics and Galenists, in which he rejected the non-experimental methods of ancient thinkers. While dissecting a black man, this man discovered the mucus that was responsible for skin pigmentation. This scientist, who is thought to have been the first to directly observe red blood cells, was appointed papal physician by Pope Innocent XII in 1691. For ten points, name this Italian biologist who names a set of renal corpuscles in the kidney and a set of excretory tubules in insects.

Marcello Malpighi (accept Malpighian corpuscles and/or tubules)

(8) Belgrade's Red Star Stadium's nickname was inspired by this venue, which is officially named for a journalist who campaigned for its construction, Mario Filho. This venue is named for the native birds that occupied the location where this stadium was built. In this stadium's "blow," Uruguay defeated the host nation 2-1 in the finals of the 1950 World Cup. Germany defeated Argentina in overtime at this sporting venue, which will host both the opening and closing ceremonies for the 2016 Summer Olympics. For ten points, name this site of the finals of the 2014 FIFA World Cup, a large soccer stadium located in Rio de Janeiro.

Maracan˜a Stadium (or Est´adio do Maracan˜a; accept Est´adio Jornalista Mario Filho before read; prompt on "Brazil's ) BONUS: The Maracan˜azo was considered by Brazilians to be their worst sports defeat ever, until an even more humiliating defeat in the 2014 FIFA World Cup semifinal. Give the outcome of the game in terms of the scores of Brazil and its opponent. ANSWER: Germany 7, Brazil 1 (accept any answer with Germany scoring 7 goals and Brazil scoring 1 goal; prompt on partial answers, including on answers similar to "Brazil lost 7-1" by asking "to what country?") Page 5 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2015-2016 Bowl Round 10

(6) This character notes "that Nature might stand up / and say to all the world, 'This was a man!'" while this man a fallen opponent. This character claims that "the evil that men do lives after them" after asking "Friends, Romans, countrymen, lend me your ears" as he comes to "bury" his fallen friend, "not to praise him." For ten points, name this character from Shakespeare's Julius Caesar who joins Octavius in fighting Cassius and Brutus after Caesar's assassination.

Marc Antony (accept Marcus Antonius; in both answers, accept either name, and accept either underlined name)

(3) This event was the result of the "Biennio Rosso," or "two red years." A king refused to authorize Luigi Facta's use of force to stop this event, which led to the following year's Acerbo [ah chair boh] Law granting one party a parliamentary majority. Michele [mee KAY leh] Bianchi and Cesare [CHAY sar ay] Vecchi organized this event, which prompted Victor Emmanuel III to transfer power to the leader of the Blackshirts. For ten points, name this event in which Benito Mussolini seized power after his men entered the capital city of Italy.

March on Rome (accept additional information, like Mussolini's Blackshirts marching on Rome

(28) The Edict of Caracalla granted Roman citizenship to slaves in the empire and gave this man's name to all free men. During the reign of this man, a plague documented by Galen killed his co-ruler, Lucius Verus. This man died near modern Vienna as he campaigned against the Quadi as part of the Marcomannic Wars; during that campaign, he wrote a philosophical work on describing his Stoic philosophy. Commodus succeeded, for the point, which last of the Five Good Emperors, the author of Meditations

Marcus Aurelius Antoninus Augustus

(4) One ruler of this state conducted the Great Sleigh Drive against retreating raiders. This state purchased the region of Neumark with the Treaties of C¨olln and Mewe. This state grew out of the Northern March, founded by Otto the Great to defend against the Wends. Sweden attacked this state from its territory of Pomerania in the Scanian War, but the Swedes were defeated by the "Great Elector," Friedrich Wilhelm. The Hohenzollerns ruled, for ten points, what German margraviate that became the Kingdom of Prussia and names a landmark gate in Berlin?

Margraviate of Brandenburg BONUS: Brandenburg was once temporarily ruled by a member of this family, which controlled Bavaria and the Palatinate for much of its history. ANSWER: House of Wittelsbach

(13) Religious tensions in this colony led to the "Plundering Time." The rise of Henry Darnall in this colony helped provoke the jealousy of John Coode, who led a major rebellion here. Radmilla May claimed that the "final battle of the English Civil War" was fought in this colony at the Severn. The first act concerning tolerance in North America was passed in this colony. Cecil and George Calvert were governors of, for the point, what Catholic colony led by the Lords Baltimore?

Maryland

(3) Most of this man's work was done by assistants like Alex Gardner and Timothy Sullivan, this man was almost killed in the line of fire at Petersburg. One of this man's works shows Ambrose Burnside lamenting a defeat, whilst another depicts bodies strewn across the Bloody Lane. This man's works helped inspire one side of the penny coin, and this man's exhibition "The Dead of Antietam" was praised for depicting the realities of war. For ten points, name this American photographer who took many photos of the Civil War.

Mathew Brady

(7) This country disputes the sovereignty of the Chagos Archipelago with the United Kingdom. This modern day country was known as Isle-de France before Napol´eon lost control of it at the Battle of (+) Grand Port. This country's namesake island and Rodrigues Island are the easternmost Mascarene Islands. Reports of a "white" bird from this modern day country were likely an (*) extinct species of Ibis found on the neighbouring island of R´eunion [ray-oon-ye-ohn]. For ten points, name this island country in the Indian Ocean whose capital is Port Louis, the former home of the extinct Dodo bird.

Mauritius

(2) In Pro Caeolio, Cicero claims Clodia Metelli is "[this figure] of Palatine." In one story, this figure convinces an automaton to remove a bronze nail causing him to bleed to death. She also persuaded the daughters of Pelias to cut him up and boil him in water. This murderer of Talos chopped up her brother Apsyrtus to prevent her father from pursuing her lover, who had stolen the Golden Fleece. For ten points, name this sorceress, the title character of a Euripides play and wife of Jason.

Medea BONUS: This Stoic philosopher wrote a play titled Medea based on the Euripides work of the same name. This author also tutored the Roman emperor Nero. ANSWER: Seneca the Younger (or Lucius Annaeus Seneca Page 3 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2016-2017 Bowl Playoff Packet 2

(28) A treaty with this government ended Britain's Splendid Isolation. The Triple Invention targeted this government, leading to the Persevering Through Hardship movement. This government waged war with the Republic of Ezo, which formed after this government's victory in the Boshin War. The Charter Oath was created by the leader of this government, who aimed to restore imperial authority. For the point, name this late 19th century Japanese government that succeeded the Tokugawa Shogunate.

Meiji government (accept any additional information with Meiji, like "restoration" or "oligarchy;" prompt on Government of Japan; prompt on Japan)

(8) Marco Sanudo ruled this island after it was conquered by the French during the Fourth Crusade. An early Bronze Age settlement on this island was at Phylakopi. People from this island are told "The strong (+) do as they can, and the weak suffer what they must" in response to their refusal to submit to rule; shortly after, this island's males are killed and the women and children sold into slavery by the Athenians. A famous artifact from this island was called "a big (*) gendarme" by Renoir, and is believed to be by Alexandros of Antioch. For ten points, name this Greek island whose "dialogue" with Athens is recorded in Thucydides' History of the Peloponnesian War, the discovery site of an armless statue of Venus.

Melos (accept Milo; accept Venus de Milo; accept Melian dialogue) Page 11 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2015-2016 Bowl Round 6

(5) This man painted a basket of out-of-season fruit at the edge off of a table and an abnormally beardless Christ in his Supper at Emmaus. This man's murder (+) conviction may have inspired a self-portrait as the decapitated head of Goliath. This artist decorated the (*) Contarelli Chapel with a series including one saint's inspiration and martyrdom; the most famous work of that series uses a gesture based off The Creation of Adam and shows the title character in a diagonal shaft of light as he is recognized by Jesus while counting money. For the points, name this Italian artist of The Calling of Saint Matthew.

Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio (do not prompt on Michelangelo)

(28) In 1957, the man holding this position was demoted to head of the Economics Institute after he joined one of his predecessors in the failed Anti-Party Group plot. After another man in this post lied about airlifting food, he had his name appended to the RRAB-3 (+) bomb dispenser. This position was held for over 28 years by Andrei Gromyko and for 10 years by a man who signed a 1939 agreement with German (*) counterpart Joachim von Ribbentrop. For the point, name this position held during World War II by Vyacheslav Molotov, in which capacity he signed a non-aggression pact with Germany.

Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Soviet Union (or Narkomindel; or People's Commissar for Foreign Affairs of the Soviet Union; or Minister of External Relations of the Soviet Union; accept Union of Soviet Socialist Republics for "Soviet Union")

(4) A 2013 picture of this man shows him with an inflated throat pouch in a "show of dominance over fellow Congressional males." A 2016 satirical article included another photoshopped picture of this man covered in blood holding a severed head. That article ostensibly quoted this man as saying "Do not attempt to silence the voice of the American people," and reported that he had mailed his victim's hand to Sri Srinivasan as a warning. For ten points, name this politician who, fictionally, killed Merrick Garland in March 2016, "fulfilling" his threat that Republicans would not consider a Supreme Court nominee before the election, a promise he made as Senate Majority Leader.

Mitch McConnell BONUS: The aforementioned articles were published by what satirical internet news source, which stopped producing a print version in 2013? ANSWER: The Onion

(8) One side in these events found that their style of calling individual challenges was ineffective. The Battle of Bunei opened the first of these events, during which King Chungyeol of Goryeo provided counsel and soldiers to one side. The second of these events was prompted by the beheadings of two handfuls of emissaries at Hakata. One side's refusal to allow ships to land at Kyushu may have prompted these events, which were twice foiled by the "divine wind." For ten points, name these failed invasions by Kublai Khan's Yuan dynasty.

Mongol invasions of Japan (accept descriptions of the Mongols attacking Japan; accept Yuan Dynasty and/or Kublai Khan for Mongols before they are mentioned; prompt on partial answers) Second Quarter

(2) One leader of a kingdom centered at this city was executed at Castello de Pizzo after an ill-advised expedition that ended at the Battle of Tolentino; that man was Joachim Murat. The Battle of Cerignola confirmed Bourbon Spanish rule of this city, which was abandoned just before the Battle of the Volturnus. A kingdom with capital at this city was ended at the Siege of Gaeta. The Sicilian Vespers removed Sicily from the control of this city, which was targeted by the Expedition of a Thousand. For ten points, name this southern Italian city, the capital of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies.

Naples

(8) An engraving of this painting is in the background of John Everett Millais' The Black Brunswicker The subject of this painting refused to sit for this work, claiming that "great men of (+) Antiquity" would not have done so. Its artist signed this work with his name followed by "Year Nine," a reference to its start date in 1801. This work depicts a scene in the Great (*) St. Bernard Pass in which a commander rears a horse and points heroically upward. For ten points, name this Jacques-Louis David showing a French commander traversing a European mountain range.

Napoleon Crossing the Alps (accept Napoleon at the Saint Bernard Pass; accept Bonaparte Crossing the Alps Page 11 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2016-2017 Bowl Playoff Packet 3

(53) During these conflicts, the Walcheren Campaign failed due to disease among British troops, and an Irish uprising was defeated at the Battle of Ballinamuck. The hardship caused by these conflicts led to the passage of the Corn Laws. Lord Grenville created the Ministry of All the Talents to oversee these conflicts after the death of William Pitt the Younger. Britain was targeted by the Continental System during these conflicts and threatened by the Grande Arm´ee. For the point, name this series of conflicts that ended with a British-led coalition defeating the namesake French emperor at Waterloo.

Napoleonic Wars (or the Coalition Wars)

(32) This man is shown with his right arm outstretched in The Distribution of the Eagle Standards. He is shown in ermine in a portrait whose pose references the Statue of Zeus, and is also the subject of a five-version oil painting in which he wears a red cape atop a rearing horse, crossing the Alps. In a work set at Notre Dame, Pope Pius VII watches this man perform the title action on himself. For the point, name this man whom Jacques-Louis David [dah-veed] depicted being crowned as Emperor of the French.

Napol´eon Bonaparte (accept either)

(1) On the death of this man, the Richmond Enquirer wrote "[this man] was one of those patriots who fill a vast space in the nation's eye." As Speaker of the House in 1805, he became a leading figure of the Quids. Albert Gallatin wrote a bill that this man amended to (+) expire with the end of the Congressional session, killing it. Despite his personal opposition, this man names a bill that gave the President the power to (*) suspend trade with Britain and France. For ten points, name this early 19th century North Carolina politician who names two important foreign policy bills.

Nathaniel Macon

(15) A police force in this city was known as the "whittling and whistling brigade." This city eventually became an Icarian commune, but expelled leader Etienne Cabet in 1855. At its founding, most of its population was expelled from their home due to Governor (+) Lilburn Boggs' Executive Order 44. The mayor of this city was killed by a mob while in prison at (*) Carthage after destroying a newspaper for claiming he practiced polygamy. That leader's successor, Brigham Young, eventually led most of this city's population west to Utah. For the point, name this city in Illinois founded in 1840 by Joseph Smith as a Mormon utopia.

Nauvoo, Illinois (accept Commerce)

(17) The first federally funded housing initiative in this city created the community of First Houses, and this city pioneered the use of "Dumbbell" housing. The George Bellows painting Cliff Dwellers depicts tenement dwellers in this city's Lower East Side, and an 1890 book of muckraking photojournalism by Jacob Riis exposed conditions in this city's tenements. How the Other Half Lives described conditions in, for the point, which city that processed immigrants at Ellis Island?

New York City (or NYC)

(34) In the land of this modern nation, Augustus Thompson and Arthur Wakefield were killed in an incident deemed their fault by Robert FitzRoy. Duncan Cameron opposed natives in this nation in the Second Taranaki War; those natives founded a "King Movement" in this site of the Wairau Affray and Body Massacre. The introduction of gunpowder to this nation caused the Musket Wars, and William Hobson negotiated the Treaty of Waitangi with its natives. For the point, name this home of the Maori, who opposed a British settlement at Wellington.

New Zealand

(8) This leader's decision to raise the price of meat and butter resulted in the Novocherkassk Massacre. A visit by this man to Roswell Garst's farm in Iowa convinced him of the utility of corn, which he attempted to introduce to his own nation and he attempted to increase agricultural production with the Virgin Lands campaign, starting in 1953, with a failed attempt to grow grain in Kazakhstan. For ten points, name this Soviet leader whose agricultural policies were not nearly as devastating as those of his predecessor, Joseph Stalin.

Nikita Khrushchev BONUS: Kazakhstan's farming output is dominated by wheat and, to a much lesser extent, this amaranth crop grown for sugar production. ANSWER: sugar beet

(40) A speech given in support of this agreement claimed that "the gains from this agreement will be your gains too." The passage of this agreement led to a surge in the number of cheap-labor factories called (+) maquiladoras. Ross Perot made opposing the ratification of this agreement a central pillar in his platform for his 1992 presidential campaign, claiming that it would make a "giant sucking sound going (*) south." The Zapatista movement declared open rebellion against a signatory of, for the point, what 1994 agreement that dramatically lowered or eliminated tariffs between Canada, Mexico, and the United States?

North American Free Trade Agreement

(5) A leader of this sect wrote an autobiography of his exile which is translated as "Life." A community founded by this sect at Vietka was deported after Catherine the Great conquered the region. This sect insisted on making the sign of the cross with two fingers rather than three. This sect's formation is known as raskol, and was born after reforms made by Patriarch Nikon reverted all the churches literature back to the original Greek. For ten points, name this religious denomination that refused to accept reforms made by the Russian Orthodox Church.

Old Believers (accept Old Ritualists; accept starovyery) BONUS: The schism in the Russian Orthodox Church occurred during the reign of what son of Michael Romanov, whose reign also saw the rebellion of Stenka Razin and the Swedish invasion of PolandLithuania? ANSWER: Alexis of Russia (accept Alexis I; accept Aleksey Mikhailovich)

(2) This word titles 1938 film by Leni Riefenstahl that features footage of the first torch relay. A "Modern" work of this title features man in brown coat on the right leaning on purple slope and looking away from the viewer at the title figure; that work is by (+) Paul Cezanne. Another artwork of this name appears to feature a demi-mondaine, based on her pearl earrings, the Oriental shawl she lies on, and the orchid in her hair; that apparent prostitute lies on a bed, looks at the viewer, and is attended by a (*) black servant. For ten points, give this common name shared by a masterpiece of Edouard Manet [man ay].

Olympia

(44) Joe's Bridge was a launching point for this offensive, which had replaced the earlier Operation Comet. This offensive caused the Hongerwinter in the country it targeted. British troops (+) withdrew from this offensive as part of Operation Berlin after being pinned down by German forces in the Battle of (*) Arnhem. This operation was considered a failure after allied troops failed to cross the Nederjenn. For the point, name this 1944 offensive in which thousands of paratroopers landed in the Netherlands.

Operation Market Garden (prompt on Operation Market; prompt on Operation Garden)

(18) In preparation for this offensive, Antoine Bethouart attempted to overthrow Charles Nogues. Henri Giraud commented he would remain a "spectator in this affair" after he was denied the post of commander in chief. In the aftermath of this offensive, Vichy France was (+) occupied by Germany, a move that led the French to scuttle their fleets at Toulon. During one portion of this offensive, the Jean Bart used her only functioning gun to shell Allied troops who were attempting to take (*) Casablanca. For the point, name this 1942 Allied offensive that involved numerous landings across North Africa.

Operation Torch (accept Operation Gymnast; prompt on descriptions of Allied invasions of North Africa before "North Africa" is read)

(24) Rock climbers visit this archipelago to climb a 450-foot-tall red sandstone sea stack called the Old Man of Hoy. The St. Magnus Cathedral is found in the town of Kirkwell, which is the largest settlement on these islands. The Churchill Barriers are a set of causeways that connect these islands, which include (+) Burray and Mainland surrounding a body of water called the Scapa Flow, which is home to a naval base. The Pentland Firth separates these islands from the rest of (*) Great Britain, and they lie to the southwest of the more barren Shetland Islands. For the points, name this archipelago off the northeastern coast of Scotland.

Orkney Islands Page 6 NHBB Nationals Bee 2016-2017 Bee Final Round - Varsity

(8) The title character of this work "won the praise of Queen Elizabeth for the way she handed a bowl of rose water". In this work, the title character falls in love with Sasha in a "Frost Fair" on the Thames and is assisted by Nick Greene in publishing the poem The Oak Tree. This "biographical" work is heavily inspired by the family history of Vita Sackville-West, the author's lover, as it progresses from Elizabethan era to modern times. For ten points, name this 1928 novel whose title character, a nobleman, lives for centuries without aging after changing sex, written by Virginia Woolf.

Orlando, A Biography

(25) A supply convoy headed to this city was intercepted in the Battle of the Herrings. The loss of the Tourelles complex forced one army to withdraw from this city, where the Earl of Salisbury was slain. The destruction of bridges across the Loire [LWAH] delayed the capture of this city, which was relieved by a peasant woman who had visions of the Archangel Michael instructing her to protect France. For the point, name this city that was saved by the arrival of Joan of Arc in the Hundred Years War.

Orleans

(38) A predella outside of this building depicts the inside of an artist's studio. Verrochio's Christ and St. Thomas replaced a hollow bronze sculpture of St. Louis of Toulouse on this building. This building was originally used for grain (+) storage, and its interior holds an icon of the Madonna and Child in Orcagna's tabernacle. The Armourer's Guild commissioned a statue of St. George on this building, where one statue depicts a group of men killed by (*) Diocletian. Nanni di Banco's Four Crowned Saints and Donatello's St. Mark are on, for the point, what Florentine church, which is surrounded by fourteen niches and statues?

Orsanmichele

(1) One part of this agreement was opposed by a mayor who called it "a dark cloud over the city." A physician killed 29 people in a house of worship in response to this agreement in the Cave of the Patriarchs Massacre. The Wye River Memorandum aimed to continue implementing this agreement. A photograph shows the leaders of the two parties involved in this agreement shaking hands, with Bill Clinton standing between them. For the point, name this set of agreements between Israel and the Palestine Liberation Organization that is named for a Scandinavian capital city.

Oslo Accords (accept Oslo I Accord; accept Oslo II Accord)

(7) A height restriction of 150 feet was imposed in this city after a university building was purposely put on a hill to be higher than a government building. Lansdowne Park and Lebreton Flats are revitalization projects in this city home to an annual (+) tulip festival which commemorates this city's hospitality to the Dutch Royalty during World War II. The northern terminus of the Rideau Canal is in this city, whose Peace Tower is part of its (*) Parliament Hill. This city was made its country's capital in 1855 to distance the government from potential American invasion. For ten points, name this capital of Canada.

Ottawa

(8) This man's brother, Bruno the Great, ably ruled Cologne as both archbishop and duke. This man obtained Magdeburg as part of the dowry of his wife, Edith. Two rebellious dukes under this man, both named Eberhard, ruled Franconia and Bavaria before losing to this man. This man's defeat of Berengar of Ivrea allowed him to be crowned with the Iron Crown of Lombardy, and his victories at the Battles of Recknitz and Lechfeld halted the Magyar raids of Germany. For ten points, name this ruler who, in 962, was the first to be given the title Holy Roman Emperor.

Otto the Great (or Otto BONUS: Otto removed Conrad the Red as duke of this region. The eldest son of Louis the Pious claimed this region between France and Germany as part of the Treaty of Verdun. ANSWER: Lotharingia (or Lorraine

(15) This poet wrote "Be patient and strong; someday, this pain will be useful to you" in a collection of love poetry that focuses on a married woman named Corinna. That collection, Amores, along with the later Ars Amatoria, may have led Augustus to exile this poet to Tomis. Book one of a fifteen-book work by this author includes the story of Daphne, who is saved from the chasing Apollo when she is turned into a laurel tree. For the point, name this Roman poet of Metamorphoses.

Ovid (or Publius Ovidius Naso) Page 3 NHBB Nationals Bee 2015-2016 Bee Round 5

(10) John of Lancaster, Duke of Bedford, ruled out of this city while serving as regent for Henry VI. The patron saint of this city is said to have picked up his head after being martyred and walked for 6 miles, That man names a suburb of this city, St. Denis. This city's Faubourg St. Antoine was the site of a building torn down after Bernard de Launay was executed, and its Latin Quarter is home to a namesake university. For ten points, name this city, the site of the Sorbonne and the Bastille.

Paris BONUS: St. Denis was killed in this Parisian district, which translates to "Mountain of the Martyr." The Basilica of the Sacred Heart is also on this large Parisian hill. ANSWER: Montmartre

(2) In the lead-up to this agreement, one side transferred vast amounts of military equipment to another in Operation Enhance. William Nolde was killed eleven hours before the signing of this agreement. As part of this agreement, one party acknowledged the (+) sovereignty terms of another agreement that had been established 19 years earlier at the Geneva Conference, and one side agreed to stop its (*) bombing operations after another party called off Operation Rolling Thunder. Henry Kissinger helped negotiate, for ten points, what 1973 peace accords that were supposed to end the Vietnam War?

Paris Peace Accords (accept Paris alone after "peace accords" is read; accept Agreement on Ending the War and Restoring Peace in Vietnam)

(1) The initial invasion of this war may have sought to capture Jaber al-Sabah from Dasman Palace, but he fled and ruled in exile from a Saudi Arabian hotel room. In this war, the (+) Republican Guard was defeated in a vast desert at the Battle of 73 Easting, called "the last great tank battle of the (*) 20th century." Coalition forces in this war were led by "Stormin'" Norman Schwarzkopf, who devised this war's tactical plan, Operation Desert Storm. For ten points, name this 1991 war in which the U.S. responded to Iraq's invasion of Kuwait.

Persian Gulf War

(6) Cardinal Jaime Sin broadcasted messages during this event, which responded to rigged "snap elections." Participants in this event wore yellow ribbons to honor a man who was assassinated at an airport in 1983. Like revolutions against Joseph Estrada, this event took place on Epifanio de los Santos Avenue and brought Corazon Aquino to power. For ten points, name this 1986 revolution that overthrew Ferdinand Marcos in the Philippines.

People Power Rev lution (or EDSA Rev lution before "Epifanio de los Santos" is read; or Philippine Rev lution of 1986 until "1986" is read; accept descriptions of the overthrow of Ferdinand Marcos until his name is read)

(3) Some modified Corinthian capitals at this city are shaped like elephants and winged cats. A theater in this city includes statues of Heracles and Aphrodite. A building located above (+) al-Siq at this site has a facade that includes a broken pediment as well as depictions of Isis-Tyche, as well as Castor and Pollux; that building, a tomb for King (*) Aretas IV in this city, is more commonly known as the Treasury, or the Khazneh. For the points, name this Nabataean capital, a city carved out of rock in modern Jordan.

Petra

(14) These people killed Hophni and Phinehas in battle; the news of their deaths shocked Eli so much that he fell from his chair, broke his neck, and died. These people took the Ark of the Covenant following their (+) victory at the aforementioned Battle at Ebenezer. These people worshiped at the Temple of (*) Dagon, which was toppled by a man who lost his sight and strength due to the guile of a woman of this ethnicity. Goliath and Delilah were members of, for the points, what ethnic group often in conflict with the Israelites of the Old Testament?

Philistines

(1) The US Marines incorporated this game into an ad with the caption "Get off the firing line [...] that's a safety violation!" Norwegian Prime Minister Erna Solberg was photographed playing this game during a Parliament session. In a 2016 speech, Hillary Clinton attempted to capitalize on this game's popularity with a Get Out the Vote pun. Nintendo's stock value surged by 120 percent in the week following the release of, for ten points, what Niantic mobile game in which users may find a Pikachu while taking a walk?

Pok´emon Go (prompt on Pok´emon) BONUS: Shortly after the release of Pok´emon Go, it was discovered that a Pok´eStop and gym were accessible at the Panmunjom Joint Security Area in this region along the 38th parallel. Niantic promptly removed them, because it's probably bad publicity to have your customers shot by ROK [spell it] patrolling soldiers here. ANSWER: Korean Demil tarized Zone (or Korean DMZ; prompt on Korea(n peninsula)

(2) This man was known as the "adolescent butcher" and gained an epithet after defeating Hiarbas. He married Aemilia Scaura after aiding her father against Gnaeus Papirius Carbo. This general forced the surrender of Tigranes the Great in a war against (+) Mithridates VI. He helped Metellus Pius suppress Sertorius, and the Lex Gabinia gave him maritime powers to quash the Cilician pirates. After losing to a former ally at (*) Pharsalus, he fled to Egypt, where Ptolemy XII ordered him dead. For ten points, name this member of the First Triumvirate with Crassus and Caesar.

Pompey the Great (or Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus)

(6) This man conquered Ferrara from his former ally, Alfonso d'Este [DESS tay], and took personal command during the Siege of Mirandola. This man issued a bull confirming the Treaty of Tordesillas [torr de SEE yes]. This member of the della Rovere [ROH vay rey] family was made a cardinal by his uncle, Sixtus IV. This pope formed the League of Cambrai to fight Venice and created the Swiss Guard. For ten points, name this warlike Pope who rebuilt St. Peter's Basilica and commissioned Michelangelo to paint the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel.

Pope Julius II BONUS: Julius II was succeeded by a Medici pope of this name; his efforts to fund the rebuilding of St Peter's Basilica were opposed by Martin Luther. A "Great" Pope of this name met Attila outside Rome in 452 AD. ANSWER: Pope Leo (accept Leo X and/or I) Page 4 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2016-2017 Bowl Round 3

(8) This man supported Phocas as Byzantine Emperor over Maurice, who had been emperor while this man was serving as apocrisiarius. He built the Monastery of Saint Andrew on the Caelian Hill, which his family owned. This man cultivated peace with Agilulf by meeting with his wife, Theodelinda, Queen of Lombardy, and he dispatched Augustine of Canterbury to convert the British Isles. For ten points, name this 6th century pope who laid the foundation for the medieval papacy and whose love for music inspired a series of namesake chants for use in monasteries.

Pope Saint Gregory the Great (or Gregory ; accept Gregorian chant after "chant" is read) BONUS: Gregory was forced to deal with the Byzantine Exarchate located in Italy that was named after this city, which had previously served as the final capital of the Western Roman Empire. ANSWER: Ravenna

(9) In this election year, one campaign noted that "this afternoon, 6,500 young men and women will be married." In a debate during this election year, one candidate stated that he was "not going to exploit, for political purposes, my opponent's youth and inexperience." Earlier in this year, the platform of Gary Hart was criticized using the Wendy's slogan "Where's the beef?" The campaign of the winning candidate in this election included the "Morning in America" TV commercial. Minnesota was the only state won by Walter Mondale in, for the point, which presidential election, a landslide re-election victory for Ronald Reagan?

Presidential Election of 1984

(37) This man ordered Operation Flowers Are Blooming to intervene in the Seychelles. This man's government passed a law reversing the Shah Bono decision. This man and Ottavio Quattrocchi came under suspicion in the Bofors scandal. He claimed that "when a mighty tree falls, it is only natural that the earth around it does shake a little" to explain violent riots when he took office. The Path of Light traces the steps of this man before he was assassinated in 1991 by a Tamil Tiger. For the point, name this Indian prime minister, the husband of Sonia and son of Indira.

Rajiv Gandhi

(66) One member of this family was the first to serve after the ratification of the Constitution as Governor of Virginia. Another member of this family served as the first Attorney General and opposed Alexander Hamilton's work on Jay's Treaty. A third member of this family served as the President of both the First and Second Continental Congresses before falling ill and being replaced with Henry Middleton and John Hancock, respectively. Beverley, Edmund, and Peyton were members of, for the point, what prominent Virginia political family?

Randolph (accept Beverley, Edmund, and/or Peyton Randolph)

(5) One cause of this event was the switch from narrow, riverside farm lots to square lots; that switch was enforced by surveyors on the orders of William McDougal. The leaders of this event ordered the execution of Thomas Scott. This rebellion's leader returned to lead the ill-fated North West Rebellion several years later. The province of Manitoba was established as part of the resolution to, for ten points, what 1869 Metis uprising led by Louis Riel, named for a colony that was itself named after a waterway?

Red River Rebellion (or Uprising, etc.; prompt on Louis Riel's (First) Rebellion before "Riel" is read) BONUS: The Metis are one of several subgroups of the indigenous peoples of Canada, who are officially designated by this term. ANSWER: First Nations

(13) This man may have died from infection from the horsehair used in his car seats; this came after he was struck by grenade shrapnel, but was able to leave his vehicle and chase down his assailants with a (+) Luger. This man's death, which prompted a devastatingly punitive raid on the village of Lidice [lih-dee-tzah], was the goal of Operation (*) Anthropoid, carried out by Jozef Gabcik and Jan Kubis; this "man with an iron heart" died a week after that attack in Prague. For the points, name this head of the SD, a Nazi intelligence group, who helped organize Kristallnacht and the Holocaust.

Reinhard Heydrich

(2) This country is of primary interest to the activist group Brothers to the Rescue, which had planes shot down in 1996. Edward Lansdale directed Operation Mongoose against this country, which was also the focus of the Helms-Burton Act. It sent numerous mental patients to the U.S. during the Mariel boatlift. The CIA trained Brigade 2506, which tried to invade this country in April 1961. For ten points, name this Caribbean island country, the site of the failed, U.S.-backed Bay of Pigs invasion.

Republic of Cuba

(10) Bloody killings along a street in this country's capital led that street to be called "Murder Mile." The Treaty of Guarantee established the independence of this country, which was led by a man who attempted to overturn ethnic restrictions imposed on governmental positions in the London and Z¨urich Agreements. In 1974, Nikos Sampson overthrew Archbishop Makarios III in this country, whose incorporation with Greece was an example of enosis. A Green Line divides, for ten points, what European island country with capital at Nicosia?

Republic of Cyprus Second Quarter

(51) A female senator in this country was labeled "dancing queen" after doing a jig celebrating a pro-administration vote. Two revolutions in this country have been named for the main freeway around its capital city. In 2001, an impeachment court in this country voted (+) 11-10 not to open an envelope alleged to contain incriminating evidence against its president. This country's 2001 EDSA II [EHD-sa DOS] revolution overthrew a (*) film actor who had urged "all-out war" against the Moro Islamic Liberation Front. For the point, name this Asian country which endured a revolution in which Joseph Estrada was succeeded as President by Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo.

Republic of the Philippines

(27) This state is home to an early cotton mill established by Samuel Slater on the Blackstone River. A city in this state is home to the Naval War College and Bellevue Avenue contains, home to many Gilded Age "cottages," like Cornelius Vanderbilt's The Breakers. This state is home to Aquidneck Island in Narragansett Bay, as well as the city of Newport. For the point, name this state whose capital was founded by dissenter Roger Williams as the colony of Providence Plantations, the smallest state in the US.

Rhode Island and Providence Plantations

(6) In 1968 phone call, this man asked for "any other way to monkey wrench it," as recorded in notes discovered by Jack Farrell in 2016. Those notes, which include point to "keep Anna Chennault working on SVN," were taken by this man's future Chief of Staff, (+) H.R. Haldeman, and prove that this man tried to hurt Hubert Humphrey's presidential campaign by sabotaging peace negotiations in (*) Vietnam. For ten points, name this man who, shortly after, won the 1968 election and expanded the Vietnam War as the successor to Lyndon Johnson.

Richard Nixon

(7) Mayor William O'Dwyer appointed this man to a "coordinator" position, from which he developed public authorities to avoid the legislative process. Walter O'Malley's disagreement with this man over the construction of a new stadium for the Brooklyn Dodgers prompted the team's move to Los Angeles. This man, who is often erroneously blamed for the demolition of Penn Station, is the subject of Robert Caro's biography, The Power Broker. For ten points, name this New York city planner notorious for his aversion to public transportation.

Robert Moses BONUS: Moses's pro-highway philosophy was strongly criticized by this author of The Death and Life of Great American Cities ANSWER: Jane Jacobs (accept Jane Butzner

(28) This organization developed new technology after the report of the Tizard Commission. The most important part of this organization, Group 11, was fed information by the system called (+) Chain Home. Its outspoken leader, Hugh Dowding, was replaced in favor of a supporter of Trafford Leigh-Mallory's Big (*) Wings. This organization was the target of Eagle Day and its innovative use of radar allowed it to respond to the Blitz. For the points, name this organization that flew Hurricanes and Spitfires to defend the skies from the Luftwaffe.

Royal Air Force (or RAF; accept descriptive answers regarding the British air force; prompt on descriptive answers of the British armed forces, including the British army)

(2) Wyly Martin and Moseley Baker disapproved of this action, and were reassigned to defend river outposts to prevent their meddling. Partic pants in this event gathered at Groce's Landing, which quickly became training camp. Though this event began in January in villages like (+) Refugio and San Patricio, its primary action started in Gonzales on March 11th and continued to Washington-on-the-Brazos two weeks later, leaving both (*) villages empty. For ten points, name this 1836 event in which Sam Houston organized the evacuation of settlers after Santa Anna conquered the Alamo and pushed through Texas.

Runaway Scrape

(3) The Second Moscow Death Batallion of these people were the last army unit to defend the Provisional Government during the October Rev lution. The February Rev lution started with mass protests on hol day (+) celebrating these people. One of these people assassinated Gavril Luzhenovsky and later led the radical Socialist Revolutionaries. A Russian Communist Party department devoted to these people, (*) Zhenotdel, controversially forced de-veilings in Central Asia, streamlined divorces, and legalized abortion. For ten points, name this group of people that included the revolutionaries Alexandra Kollontoi and Maria Spiridonova.

Russian and/or Soviet women

(32) This event is the subject of the memoir Shake Hands with the Devil by Canadian general Rom´eo Dallaire, who lamented his inability to stop it. French troops attempted to introduce a safe zone for this event during Operation Turquoise. This event was immediately prompted by a plane crash that killed president Juvenal Habyarimana. The Interahamwe committed atrocities during, for the point, what tragedy in which hundreds of thousands of Tutsi people were killed by the Hutus in an east African country?

Rwandan Genocide (accept genocide of the Tutsi people before Tutsi is mentioned)

(2) This scientist worked with JoBea Holt as the leader of an interactive program for children called ISS EarthKAM. This astronaut, who died of pancreatic cancer in 2012, served as CAPCOM on the ground for NASA's STS-2 and STS-3 missions before serving as a mission specialist on STS-7; prior to that mission, press members asked this figure questions like "Do you weep when things go wrong?" For ten points, name this first American woman in space.

Sally Kristen Ride BONUS: Sally Ride was the only person to serve on the commissions investigating the Columbia and Challenger disasters; this former Secretary of State under Nixon chaired, and thus is the namesake of, the Challenger commission. ANSWER: William Rogers (accept Rogers Commission)

(7) This city hosted a 1935 exposition which featured the Richard Requa designed Old Globe Theatre. In 1995, Shawn Nelson was arrested after stealing a tank from an armory in this city. This city's Miramar neighborhood was the original home of the Navy's TOPGUN program. The USS Midway Museum is located in this city, across from the resort town of Coronado. Balboa Park is located in, for ten points, what Southern California city that borders Chula Vista and Tijuana?

San Diego

(3) Hymn 10.13 of work written in this language is interpreted as expressing either monotheism, atheism, or polytheism. Arthur Schopenhauer's translations of several works in this language led him to call them the "production of the highest human wisdom." (+) Robert Oppenheimer supposedly learned this language just to read one of its most famous works, which he quoted after the Trinity nuclear test. The (*) Upanishads Bhagavad Gita, and Mahabharata were all written in, for ten points, what ancient Indian language used in Hindu, Buddhist, and Jain traditions?

Sanskrit

(2) The longest remaining section of this trail is near Dodge City. Mirabeau Lamar launched an expedition named for this trail which sought to take control of it. A ferry in Arrow Rock was operated by the father of this trail, Willam Becknell. A modern (+) railroad combines the name of this trail with Burlington Northern. The Cimarron River was a rare source of water along this trail, which passed through the land of the (*) Comanches and was used to transport American troops to the Mexican-American War. For ten points, name this 19th century trail to the West that terminated in New Mexico.

Santa Fe Trail

(2) In 2013, 18 people were killed in massive flooding on this island caused by Cyclone Cleopatra. The Treaty of The Hague granted control of this island to a royal house that ruled from Turin until Napoleon forced them off the mainland and south of the Strait of Bonafacio. The House of Savoy ruled this island in an alliance with Piedmont until Victor Emmanuel II, its king, completed the Risorgimento. Cagliari is the capital city of, for the point, what Mediterranean island that lies south of Corsica?

Sardinia

(6) A carving of Christ accompanied by an inscription in these characters commemorate the deeds of Gorm the Old and Harald Bluetooth in a pair of historical records from (+) Jelling [yelling]. A sample of this script commemorates the king of Hreidsea [h-RYED-say-uh], Theodoric, and was recovered from a church wall in R¨ok. The "long (*) branch" and "short twig" versions of this script are contrasted with the H¨alsinge [HEL-sing-uh] ones, which lack staves and are part of the Younger Futhark form of this alphabet that is commonly found throughout Sweden and Norway. For ten points, name this Germanic alphabet recorded on namesake stones.

Scandinavian runes (accept younger futhark or younger futhork until it is read; do not accept "elder futhark")

(8) With its northern neighbor, this region produces a red pudding named rodgrod. A historic port in this region is home to salt warehouses known as Salzspeicher. The November Constitution attempted to create a joint parliament with this region, bypassing the London Protocol of 1852. A conflict over this region was ended by the Gastein Convention. A group of islands belonging to this present-day region, Heligoland, was swapped with Zanzibar in an 1890 treaty. This region, home to the Hanseatic city of L¨ubeck, is crossed by the Kiel Canal. For ten points, name this northern German region once contested with Denmark.

Schleswig Holstein

(3) A battleship named for this region provided naval support for the first battle of World War II, the Battle of Westerplatte. The Gastein Convention split control of this region between Prussia and Austria. Its namesake Question led to two wars named for part of this region. A canal in this region connects the Helgoland Bight with the Baltic Sea, and it was incorporated into the German Confederation after its seizure from Denmark. At the base of the Jutland peninsula is, for ten points, what northernmost modern-day German state, with capital Kiel?

Schleswig-Holstein

(7) This composer wrote a piece inspired by Theodore Roosevelt's speech "The Strenuous Life," and dramatized Rooosevelt's meeting with Booker T. Washington in his lost opera A Guest of Honor. The title character refuses to buy a "bag of luck" in his opera Treemonisha. He was known as the "king" of an early 20th century form characterized by 2/4 time and syncopated melodies. For ten points, name this African-American composer who wrote "The Entertainer" and the "Maple Leaf Rag."

Scott Joplin

(3) This group was legally given power by the Lex Titia and was formed after the Battle of Mutina. One of its members was forced out after raising a large force to defeat Sextus in Sicily. This group launched proscriptions against prominent politicians like Cicero. One member of this group divorced another's sister to ally himself with Cleopatra. For ten points, name this political alliance of the late Roman Republic that failed to stop a civil war between two of its members, Octavian and Mark Antony.

Second Triumvirate (prompt on triumvirate) BONUS: In addition to Octavian and Marc Antony, the Second Triumvirate included this aforementioned opponent of Sextus Pompey. ANSWER: Marcus Aemilius Lepidus Page 3 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2016-2017 Bowl Round 5

(4) One conflict with this tribe involved an attack on its Mikasuki branch at Fowltown, which was followed by the Scott Massacre. The Treaty of Moultrie Creek sought to place this tribe on a reservation. This tribe destroyed a force of 110 soldiers led by Francis L. (+) Dade in the Dade Massacre. After the passage of the Indian Removal Act, this tribe refused to depart to Arkansas under the terms of the Treaty of (*) Payne's Landing. Thomas Jesup took advantage of a flag of truce to capture this tribe's leader Osceola. For ten points, name this Native American tribe that fought three wars in Florida.

Seminoles Page 10 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2015-2016 Bowl Round 12

(16) In his youth, this scientist was mentored by a Quaker named Robert Dunkin. Michael Faraday sent this scientist a 300-page-long book of notes he had taken at his lectures, and was eventually hired as this scientist's assistant after this man (+) damaged his eyesight. This chemist demonstrated that a substance discovered by Carl Scheele did not in fact contain oxygen, and named it (*) chlorine. In response to the flammability of coal mines, this man invented a safety lamp protected by a mesh screen. For the points, name this British developer of electrochemistry and discoverer of potassium and sodium.

Sir Humphry Davy

(3) A deported Communist Party member named Ephram Nestor challenged one section of this law. The case Steward Machine Co. v. Davis sought to clarify if a tax that was part of this law violated the (+) Fifth Amendment. This law may have been an attempt to counter the rising popularity of Francis Townshend, who devised a plan involving $200 (*) payments. This law created the AFDC, which provided help for low-income children, and its Title 3 introduced nationwide unemployment insurance. For the points, name this 1935 law that created a program funded by payroll taxes that assists the elderly.

Social Security Act (or Bill or Law)

(34) This woman helped pay off the mortgage of a friend named Samuel Hill using money from sales of a print titled "I sell the shadow to support the substance." This woman moved to Northampton, Massachusetts in the (+) 1840s and gave a speech there introducing the hymn "It was Early in the Morning." Protests against her speech at the Mob Convention led her to proclaim "you (*) can't stop us neither;" that speech occurred two years after a convention, organized in Akron, Ohio, where she repeatedly asked a heated question. For the points, name this African-American activist and orator who asked "Ain't I a Woman?"

Sojourner Truth (accept Isabella ("Bell") Baumfree)

(23) A precursor to this organization known as the Interfactory Strike Committee issued the 21 Demands. This organization was founded after the firing of crane worker Anna Walentynowicz [vah-lent-ee-noh-vich]. Social unrest in one country led this organization to participate in the Round Table Talks after it was banned by General Jaruzelski [yar-oo-zel-skee]. This organization was co-founded and led by an electrical worker at the Lenin Shipyard in Gdansk. For the point, name this Polish anti-Communist party that began as a trade union led by Lech Walesa.

Solidarity (or Solidarno´s´c)

(6) In this country, Mohammed Morgan issued the "Letter of Death" before carrying out a genocide of the Isaaq peoples. A leader of this country created new settlements in the Jubba region to deal with the "Lingering Drought" and was victorious at Jijiga against another country's Derg regime. In this country, foreign troops were trapped near the Baakara Market during Operation Gothic Serpent while attempting to capture a successor of Siad Barre, Mohammad Farah Aidid. For ten points, name this African country, the site of the infamous 1993 "Black Hawk Down" battle in Mogadishu.

Somalia BONUS: The aforementioned conflict against the Derg began when Siad Barre invaded this namesake disputed region. It is the easternmost region of Ethiopia. ANSWER: Ogaden (accept Ogaden War) Page 4 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2016-2017 Bowl Playoff Packet 4

(5) In this country, the Menard and Montrose helped Pierre Mendes's government carry out a massive exodus of civilians during Operation Passage to Freedom. The term "boat people" originally referred to refugees from this country, where the song "White Christmas" signaled Operation Frequent Wind, which transported civilians and American military personnel in the largest helicopter evacuation in history. For ten points, name this country that faced mass displacement after the fall of Saigon.

South Vietnam BONUS: During the Vietnamese refugee crisis, nearly a quarter of a million Vietnamese people were processed at Bidong Island, an island less than a square mile in size, where this country established a refugee camp. ANSWER: Malaysia

(7) This group's Robert McBride was sentenced to death after detonating an explosive at the Magoo Bar. This group targeted Amanzitomi and Church Street in a series of bombings, actions that were found to be excessive by the Truth and Reconciliation Commission. This paramilitary group, which was created to avenge the Sharpeville Massacre, was led by a man who declared that he was "prepared to die" during the Rivonia Trial. For ten points, name this militant wing of the African National Congress, co-founded by Nelson Mandela.

Spear of the Nation (or uMkhonto we Sizwe; accept MK; prompt on Spear; prompt on African National Congress or ANC before mentioned) BONUS: This colleague of Nelson Mandela authorized the Church Street bombing in his role as President of the African National Congress, a post he held from 1967 until 1991. He spent almost all of that time in exile in London. ANSWER: Oliver Tambo

(6) This group is currently led by Scott Allen and produced "Shadow Campus" in 2014. This team's most famous work involved an awkward front porch conversation with Ronald Paquin and helped bring about the ouster of Bernard Law. An investigation led by this group's then-editor (+) Walter Robinson included stories by Michael Rezendes and resulted in over 600 stories being published about (*) sexual abuse within the Catholic Church. For ten points, name this team of investigated journalists at the Boston Globe, the subjects of a namesake 2015 film.

Spotlight team (prompt on Boston Globe before mentioned)

(1) Under John Slaney, this man once voyaged on an expedition to Newfoundland. George Weymouth once captured this man, who had been commissioned to go on exploratory voyages by Ferdinando Gorges. While on a voyage with John (+) Smith, this man was abducted by Thomas Hunt, who sold him into slavery. (*) Miles Standish once rescued this member of the Patuxet tribe after he was taken by the Wampanoags. This man was introduced by Massasoit to a group with whom he celebrated the first Thanksgiving. For ten points, name this Native American who served as an interpreter to the Plymouth settlers.

Squanto BONUS: What United States general led coalition forces in the Persian Gulf War before dying of pneumonia in 2012? ANSWER: Herbert Norman Schwarzkopf Jr.

(1) The Wenxian [wun-shen] empress helped this dynasty's founder choose his successor, who invaded one neighboring state after finding that it had sent an embassy to the Tujue [too-dreh] people, also known as the Celestial (+) Turks. The Southern and Northern Dynasties period was ended by this dynasty that was defeated at the Salsu River by the Goguryeo kingdom. This dynasty's emperor Yangdi [yahn dee] continued its founder Wendi's [wun dee'z] project to link the (*) Yangtze and Yellow Rivers with the Grand Canal. For ten points, name this dynasty that unified China after the Han dynasty before falling to the Tang dynasty.

Sui Dynasty BONUS: At the official opening of the telegram, Samuel Morse sent what four word phrase? ANSWER: What hath God wrought?

(9) The founder of this kingdom belonged to the Banu al-Ahmar clan in Arjona. This kingdom supported a failed invasion by the Marinid dynasty, which was defeated at the Battle of R´ıo Salado. This kingdom was able to unite the remaining independent cities after defeat at the Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa. A ruler of this kingdom was, after its fall, given an estate in the Alpujarras; that man, Boabdil, ruled from the Alhambra palace. For ten points, name this last Muslim kingdom in Iberia that was conquered by Ferdinand and Isabella in 1492.

Sultanate of Granada BONUS: Granada rose to power after the collapse of this earlier Muslim power in Iberia. It was founded by Ibn Tumart, a Berber. ANSWER: Almohad Caliphate Page 5 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2016-2017 Bowl Playoff Packet 3

(1) Knowledge of this text was greatly advanced with the discovery of the Mawangdui silk manuscripts and the Guodian slips. This text, which compares "ruling large state" to (+) "boiling a delicate fish," was allegedly produced when a guard asked its author to share his wisdom before leaving the country on a water buffalo. It notes that a wise leader practices "inaction, and the people look after themselves" and begins with the assertion that the (*) Way is nameless. For ten points, name this text allegedly penned by Lao Tzu, the principal text of Daoism.

Tao Te Ching (or Daodejing; accept Laozi

(5) In this film, a character known as the "Little Colonel" is hospitalized and meets Elsie. An attack on the Cameron family is thwarted in this film, whose character of Austin Stoneman was inspired by Thaddeus Stevens. Like in Apocalypse Now, "The Ride of the Valkyries" is played during a charge in this film. Thomas Dixon, the author of its source material, arranged it to be screened at the White House for Woodrow Wilson. For ten points, name this 1915 D.W. Griffith film that glorified the Ku Klax Klan.

The Birth of a Nation (accept The Clansman) Page 1 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2015-2016 Bowl Round 4

(35) In the prelude to this event, Roger Bushell said "Everyone here in this room is living on borrowed time. By rights, we should all be dead!" Dick Churchill was spared in the aftermath of this event due to his last name. Leonard Trent surrendered immediately after this event, after which he only received (+) solitary confinement. This event made use of three tunnels, codenamed Harry, Tom, and Dick, in case one of them was discovered by the (*) Gestapo. For the point, name this event in which Allied soldiers fled from Stalag Luft III, a German POW camp, immortalized in a 1963 Steve McQueen film.

The Great Escape (accept escaping from Stalag Luft III before the name is said; prompt on descriptions of "escaping from a Nazi POW camp" or similar before "German" is read)

(3) A 1974 docudrama about the Cuban Missile Crisis directed by Anthony Page alludes to the title of this work. Prior to this work's first section, titled "Plans," it opens with the funeral of a ruler often called the "Uncle of Europe." This work closes with a description of a battle that saw troops ferried to the battlefield by taxicab. The implementation of the Schlieffen Plan is discussed in this work, whose title references the month in which most of the action takes place. For ten points, name this Barbara Tuchman work that studies the outbreak of World War I.

The Guns of August (accept August 1914) BONUS: Tuchman also wrote a biography of what general, nicknamed "Vinegar," who commanded United States forces in the China-Burma-India theater during World War II? ANSWER: Joseph Warren "Vinegar Joe" Stilwell (accept Stilwell and the American Experience in China, 1911-45)

(5) Early in this work, one figure answers why "devil" and "snake" are used interchangeably in stories of the Garden of Eden. 60 Minutes' Mike Wallace co-produced this work with Louis Lomax. In this work, an excerpt of a play called The Trial is shown in which the declaration "I charge the (+) white man with being the greatest murderer on earth!" is given by Louis Farrakhan. Malcolm X rose in prominence after his interviews in this work were (*) broadcast. For ten points, name this July 1959 five-part documentary about "the rise of Black Racism," focusing on the Nation of Islam's "gospel of hate."

The Hate that Hate Produced

(9) The central group of this novel is twice insulted by being compared to "mule drivers" and "mud diggers." The main character of this novel is disappointed when friend asks him to return yellow (+) envelope that he had been given in case the friend died. This novel, in which (*) Wilson is repeatedly referred to as "The Loud Soldier," ends after a member of the 304th Regiment picks up a flag that had been dropped by a dead standard bearer. For ten points, name this Civil War novel written by Stephen Crane.

The Red Badge of Courage Page 11 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2016-2017 Bowl Playoff Packet 2

(33) The events that inspired this song are commemorated on Defenders Day. This song's lyricist previously wrote "When the Warrior Returns" to the same melody to celebrate the end of the First Barbary War. Oliver Wendell Holmes wrote a fifth verse to this song in support of the Union during the Civil War. Its melody was originally written by John Stafford Smith as the tune "To Anacreon in Heaven." For the point, the bombardment of Fort McHenry inspired Francis Scott Key to write what hymn, now the national anthem of the USA?

The Star Spangled Banner (prompt on the (national) anthem before mentioned)

(30) During a 2006 G8 meeting in St. Petersburg, George W. Bush reportedly asked this leader "Yo, what are you doing?" In July 2016, the Chilcot Report was released, detailing this leader's decision to participate in the 2003 invasion of Iraq. This leader was an early proponent of "Third Way" policies and was succeeded by his Chancellor of the Exchequer, Gordon Brown. For the point, name this Labour Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1997 to 2007.

Tony Blair

(2) This man scored a decisive victory against the Macromanni after forming a pincer with Gaius Saturninus. His invasion of Armenia allowed for the return of the Roman standards lost at Carrhae. This man was forced to divorce Vipsania and marry Julia the Elder; Tacitus notes that his hatred of his wife may have led him to retire to Rhodes. He met his end in Capri when he was smothered by the prefect Macro, to be succeeded by a man whom this emperor described as a "viper in Rome's bosom." For ten points, name this son of Livia Drusilla who was succeeded as Roman emperor by Caligula.

Tiberius Claudius Nero (do not accept or prompt on Claudius or Nero alone) BONUS: This powerful Praetorian and friend of Tiberius was put to death for attempting to plot with Livilla against Tiberius. He had earlier risen to power after the death of Drusus. ANSWER: Lucius Aelius Seianus (or Sejanus)

(1) A letter by Leonel Sharp provides this work's most widely accepted text, including the promises "you have deserved rewards and crowns" and "we shall shortly have a famous victory." In this speech, the speaker thinks "foul scorn that Parma or Spain [...] should dare to invade the borders of my realm" before promising to take up arms, despite having a "weak, feeble" body. For the point, name this 1588 speech delivered to an army awaiting the landing of the Spanish Armada by a leader who had the "heart and stomach of a King," Elizabeth I.

Tilbury Speech (accept descriptions that use the name Tilbury; prompt on descriptions that don't, such as "Queen Elizabeth's speech to her army about the incoming Spanish Armada" or portions thereof, so long as the player includes something that the tossup hasn't gotten to yet)

(17) This man was targeted by the Plot of Gorunia, whose planners wished to establish closer relations with Mao Zedong. Though this man shared power early on with Anton Yugov, he usurped power from the (+) Agrarian National Union with a namesake constitution of 1971. This man, who lost support after he attempted to force all Turkish residents to (*) change their names, ordered the Committee for State Security to assassinate Georgi Markov with a ricin-tipped umbrella in London. Petar Mladenov replaced this man just two months before Communism fell in his capital, Sofia. For the points, name this Communist leader who ruled Bulgaria for nearly forty years.

Todor Zhivkov

(1) This government created a service of inspectors called metsuke to investigate corruption. Prior to the rule of this government, its second ruler disobeyed orders and fought the Sanada clan at Ueda Castle [oo AY da "castle"]. It created a policy of alternate attendance between the central court and the domains of each provincial lord. Until the Convention of Kanagawa, this government limited trade with China and Europe to the port city of Nagasaki via the sakoku law. Ieyasu founded, for ten points, what final Japanese shogunate that ruled until the Meiji Restoration?

Tokugawa Shogunate (or Tokugawa Bakufu; accept Edo Bakufu or Shogunate; accept Tokugawa or Edo period, era, etc.) BONUS: The aforementioned fighting at Ueda Castle came during this battle in 1600, which led to Ishida Mitsunari's capture and execution. It marked the decline of the Toyotomi clan and the beginning of the Tokugawa Shogunate. ANSWER: Battle of Sekigahara

(6) This action's legit macy is inferred from Article 27 Section of certain document. In 1986, this action prevented Nicaragua from being compensated after its victory in the International Court of Justice. Vyacheslav Molotov was noted for performing this action repeatedly, but the (+) Soviet Union was unable to perform this action during the Korean War. The possibility of this action leads to the use of straw polls prior to the official election of a new (*) Secretary General. For ten points, name this action that can be performed by France, Russia, China, the UK, or the US, the five permanent members of a body of 15 countries within the United Nations.

United Nations Security Council veto (accept descriptive answers that include both underlined parts, including UNSC veto; prompt on partial answers)

(16) The winner of this election year supported the Biemiller plank. During this election year, Arthur Vandenberg, Harold Stassen, and Robert Taft failed to stop the nomination of a Republican Governor of New York. The (+) Roerich letter damaged the Progressive Henry Wallace in this election. Then-Governor of California Earl Warren and Alben Barkley were the main (*) vice presidential candidates in, for the point, what presidential election in which the Chicago Daily Tribune incorrectly printed "Dewey defeats Truman"?

United States presidential election of 1948

(31) In 1920, American Olympic athletes taught this university's legendary chant to King Albert of Belgium. In 2010, David Booth won an auction for the original handwritten rules of basketball, which he then donated to this university. As a player, (+) Dean Smith won the 1952 NCAA basketball championship with this university under Phog Allen, who succeeded this school's only losing basketball coach, James Naismith. This team defeated the (*) Derrick Rose-led Memphis Tigers for the 2008 title under coach Bill Self. The "Rock Chalk" chant is performed by fans of, for the points, what Big 12 University whose Jayhawks play in Lawrence in the American midwest?

University of Kansas

(8) Investigations into this institution revealed that the apparently fictional "Haven Monahan" wrote love letters plagiarized from Dawson's Creek. An article about this institution had sections separated with crude lyrics from the song "Rugby Road." That article about this institution begins with "Drew" talking to a teenager named "Jackie" at a party, at which "Jackie" was alleged to have been gang-raped. For ten points, name this university whose Phi Kappa Psi fraternity was the subject of the since-discredited 2014 Rolling Stone article "A Rape on Campus."

University of Virginia (or UVA; accept Phi Kappa Psi before mentioned; prompt on Virginia alone before "University" is said)

(10) This character's implicit offer of marriage is declined by a man who states that he, like his prized rooks, can only fall in love once in his lifetime. The actress who plays Clara Oswald on Doctor Who also plays this character, who is remorseful after spreading rumors about the illegitimate pregnancy of Flora Hastings only to discover she has stomach cancer instead. After ascending to the throne, this woman distances herself from her mother, the Duchess of Kent, and she elects to marry the Saxon Prince Albert. Jenna Coleman portrays, for ten points, which British monarch who ruled for most of the 19th century?

Victoria (accept Alexandrina Victoria) Page 2 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2016-2017 Bowl Round 1 Second Quarter

(20) This politician was forced to appoint his rival, Jonas Lie, as head of the police force, and his cabinet was replaced by an Administrative Council under the orders of Curt Br¨auer. Josef Terboven forced this man's cabinet to elect this man (+) Minister President in 1942, two years after this man tried to announce a coup d'etat over the radio. He was executed at (*) Akershus in October 1945. For the points, name this leader of the Nasjonal Samling party, a fascist dictator during World War II whose name has become a Norwegian synonym for traitor.

Vidkun Quisling

(33) A film about one of these locations could not be made when James Stockdale tried to commit suicide to stop production. The Blueboy assault team purposefully crashed a helicopter to put Green Berets in range of one of these locations during Operation Ivory Coast, whose purpose was later fulfilled in Operation Homecoming. After his A-4E Skyhawk was shot down, John McCain was transported to the most famous of these locations known as Hoa Lo, or the Hanoi Hilton. For the point, name these entities used by the North Vietnamese to hold captured American troops.

Vietnamese prisoner of war camps (or POW camps; prompt on partial answers; prompt on Viet Cong facilities)

(26) Magnus Barefoot died during one of these events. In Ireland, these events often resulted in the creation of a longphort. Odo, Count of Paris was made a king following his successes during one of these events. The first recorded event of this type occurred on Portland, which resulted in the death of a (+) reeve. One of these events resulted in the abandonment of Iona Abbey. In an early one of these events, St. (*) Cuthbert's remains were moved when the Isle of Lindisfarne was attacked. For the point, name these attacks carried out by seafaring Norsemen.

Viking raids (or equivalents; prompt on raids or equivalents alone) Page 6 NHBB Nationals Bee 2015-2016 Bee Playoff Round 2

(2) In one opera by this composer, Enrichietta, the widow of King Charles I, escapes from prison with the help of the Royalist Arturo, whose absence sends his fianc´ee, Elvira, into madness. This composer of I puritani wrote an opera in which Amina sleepwalks and another in which the aria Casta Diva is sung by a Druid priestess who throws herself onto a funeral pyre. For ten points, name this bel canto composer of La sonnambula and Norma.

Vincenzo Bellini

(9) This man revived a land allotment method in which the center of a nine-plot arrangement of land was worked for the landowner while the outer sections were worked for the benefit of the serfs. This leader banned land sales in addition to reinstating the aforementioned (+) well field system. This leader's dynasty was essentially doomed after Liu Xiu's [lee-oo she-oo's] agrarian rebels won at the Battle of Kunyang; a few months later, this man was killed in his palace at (*) Chang'an. The Red Eyebrows rebellion targeted, for ten points, what Chinese leader who briefly interrupted the Han dynasty in 9 AD with the founding of the Xin [SHIN] dynasty?

Wang Mang

(10) This man was defeated by his brother at Poenari Castle. Prince Basarab the Elder fled before this man, who was supported by the soldiers of Stephen Bathory. After sparking a conflict by refusing to pay the jizya, this man mistakenly targeted the tent of Ishak Pasha during his "Night Attack." This member of the Order of the Dragon was opposed by his brother, Radu the Handsome, while attempting to defend his vovoideship from Ottoman invasion. For ten points, name this Wallachian ruler known for his method of disposing of foes on wooden stakes.

Vlad the Impaler (or Vlad III) BONUS: Vlad the Impaler joined this Hungarian ruler in a crusade against the Ottomans. This son of Janos [yahn-osh] Hunyadi formed the Black Army. ANSWER: Matthias Corvinus

(7) This ruler refused to convert to Islam because he could not give up alcohol, which he called "the joy of our lives." This ruler forced Rogneda to marry him during his war with his brother Yaropolk. During the revolt of Bardas Phocas, this man helped Basil the Bulgar-Slayer crush the revolt by sending six thousand experienced soldiers. This man built the Church of the Tithes after his marriage to Byzantine princess Anna, after which a mass baptism in the Dnieper River occurred. For ten points, name this ruler who converted the Kievan Rus to Christianity.

Vladimir I (or Vladimir the Great; or Saint Vladimir; or Vladimir Veliky; or Svyatoy Vladimir; or Vladimir Svyatoslavich; prompt on Vladimir) BONUS: The six thousand soldiers Vladimir the Great sent to Basil the Bulgar-Slayer eventually formed the core of what Byzantine military unit, who served as the personal bodyguards of the emperor? ANSWER: Varangian Guard

(30) This leader called for a crackdown on alternative forms of alcohol after over 60 people died by drinking bath essence containing methanol. A critic of this leader was mysteriously shot to death while crossing the Bolshoy Bridge; that man was Boris Nemtsov. US intelligence officials have accused this leader of being personally involved in November's U.S. Presidential election. For the point, name this current President of Russia.

Vladimir Putin Extra Question Only read if moderator botches a question.

(10) In 1974, this law's requirements were found to include bilingual alternatives in Torres v. Sachs case financed by the Puerto Rican Legal Defense Fund. After 1982, the second article of this law increasingly became the subject of lit gation after the creation of its "results test." (+) Section 5 of this law created a requirement of federal pre-clearance in jurisdictions with prior histories of discrimination; that requirement was effectively ended by the 2013 case (*) Shelby County v. Holder. For ten points, name this 1965 law that sought to enforce the 15th Amendment by ending literacy tests and other obstacles meant to keep minorities from participating in elections.

Voting Rights Act of 1965 Extra Question Only read if you need a backup or tiebreaker!

(2) This man travels to visit a man and his wife in a 1998 play by Michael Frayn, who claimed all the spoken dialogue in the play was said by their real-life counterparts. Heinrich Himmler derisively called this man a "white Jew" in an affair caused by the question of who should succeed this man's teacher, Arnold Sommerfeld. Along with Pascual Jordan and Max Born, this man developed a matrix formulation of quantum mechanics. In 1927, this man stated that the momentum and position of a particle cannot be known simultaneously. For ten points, name this scientist who formulated a namesake uncertainty principle.

Werner Heisenberg BONUS: Michael Frayn's play Copenhagen is based around Heisenberg's meeting with what physicist, who, in one of his many debates with Albert Einstein, told Einstein to "stop telling God what to do with his dice"? ANSWER: Niels Bohr

(2) Rejected names for this state included Vandalia and one named after river formed by the confluence of the New and Gauley Rivers. This state's Logan County was the site of labor clash between Bill Blizzard and Don Chafin, the Battle of (+) Blair Mountain. A 2006 explosion near the Buckhannon River here killed twelve workers at the Sago Coal Mine. Kanawha was first proposed as the name for this state, whose first capital was located in its (*) northern panhandle along the Ohio River. Wheeling is found in, for ten points, what Appalachian state that broke away from its eastern neighbor during the Civil War?

West Virginia

(21) This man once noted "it is just as easy to believe the miracle of Jonah as any other miracle in the Bible." This man argued that "man is essentially devout" in his "Prince of Peace" speech, given at many Chautauqua gatherings in 1904. Though the judge later expunged the entire examination, this man was asked if he had "given considerable study to the Bible" by Clarence Darrow. For the point, name this American politician and orator who died shortly after arguing in favor of Tennessee's Butler Act during the Scopes Monkey Trial.

William Jennings Bryan Page 4 NHBB Nationals Bee 2015-2016 Bee Round 2

(1) This man killed William Heselrig during the Action at Lanark. Blind Harry wrote an epic poem about this man. This man resigned as Guardian after his defeat at the Battle of Falkirk. This man surrendered to King Edward I at (+) Robroyston and was executed shortly afterwards. This man's forces joined Andrew Moray's forces to gain victory at the Battle of (*) Stirling Bridge. For ten points, name this Scottish hero, the subject of the film Braveheart.

William Wallace BONUS: What colorful name was given to merchant ships during the Tokugawa shogunate, in reference to the required permit? ANSWER: red-seal ships

(5) In a photograph of this player, Joe Garagiola looks out of the centerfield clubhouse as this player is about to turn Vic Wertz's fly ball into an over-the-shoulder catch. The all-time record for putouts by an outfielder is held by this man. This godfather of Barry Bonds made "the Catch" in the 1954 World Series and is tied with Hank Aaron and Stan Musial for most All-Star Games played. For the point, name this "Say Hey Kid" who played center field for the Giants from 1951 to 1972 and hit 660 career home runs.

Willie Howard Mays Jr Page 1 NHBB Nationals Bee 2015-2016 Bee Round 6

(1) A 1967 police mutiny in this country killed 27 British troops, after which the British briefly left the Crater District. 800,000 workers of this country were expelled from Saudi Arabia after this nation refused to back intervention in the Gulf War. 40% of this country's population adheres to the Zaidi sect of Islam. This country's northern and southern divisions were unified under Ali Abdullah Saleh. This country has been in civil war since Abd Rabbuh Mansur Hadi was ousted by Houthi rebels. For ten points, name this country on the southern tip of the Arabian Peninsula whose capital is Sana'a.

Yemen BONUS: The vast majority of Yemen's Jewish population was airlifted to Israel in the 1950s under this name. An alternate name for this event references Exodus 19:4 as Operation On Wings of Eagles. ANSWER: Operation Magic Carpet

(4) When this man refused to carry out an ambush recommended by an enemy double-agent, he was demoted to a common soldier. This man defeated a numerically superior force by choosing a narrow strait with strong currents that flowed in opposite directions every (+) three hours as the battlefield. He designed vessels that had a dragon's head that belched out smoke created from burning sulfur; those ships used by this man were covered in (*) spiked iron plates. For ten points, name this naval commander who died at the Battle of Noryang as his turtle ships defeated Toyotomi Hideyoshi's invasions of Korea.

Yi Sun-sin Page 11 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2015-2016 Bowl V Semifinals and JV Finals

(7) This culture's system of medicine used incantations called "ofo" to defeat insects and worms called "kokoro" and "aron," respectively. One belief in this culture is that abandoning the quest to join one's physical and spiritual selves will send one to the realm of potsherds. The messenger god Eshu appears in the beliefs of this people, as do the deities Olorun and Olofi, as well as Eledumare; those last three figures are manifestations of Olodumare. Many of this people's religious figures have been syncretized with Catholic saints in the Americas. For ten points, name this African ethnic group whose orishas are an influence for Santeria and Voodoo.

Yoruban culture BONUS: Obatala, the son of Olorun, created the world after climbing from heaven on one of these objects made of gold. Arthur Lovejoy lectured at Harvard about another of these things in a work subtitled "A Study of the History of an Idea." ANSWER: Chain (accept Great Chain of Being)

(7) This architect created an Azerbaijani building that avoided sharp angles named the Heydar Aliyev Center. This student of Rem Koolhaas created a building for the production of 3 Series sedans in Leipzig called the (+) BMW Central building. One of this architect's buildings used the "double pebble" design; Turandot was the first work performed in that building, the Guangzhou (*) Opera House. For the point, name this Iraqi woman who became the first female and first Muslim Pritzker Architecture Prize winner in 2004 and passed away in 2016.

Zaha Hadid

(35) The Lancaster House Agreement granted this country its independence following the Second Chimurenga. Slums in this country were forcibly removed in Operation Drive Out Rubbish. Ian Smith attempted to preserve white rule in this country by issuing an Unilateral Declaration of Independence. This country saw hyperinflation under the leadership of ZANU-PF. For the point, what African country with capital at Harare is led by Robert Mugabe?

Zimbabwe Page 7 NHBB Nationals Bee 2015-2016 Bee Round 6 Extra Question Only read if moderator botches a question.

(10) Abd al-Rahim al-Nashiri, a member of this group, was waterboarded at Guantanamo Bay; al-Nashiri is alleged to have planned this group's attack on a missile destroyer in the port of Aden. Operation Infinite Reach was launched in response to this organization's August 1998 attacks on American embassies in Tanzania and Kenya. The USS Cole bombing was planned by, for ten points, what terrorist group, led by Osama bin Laden, that carried out the 9/11 attacks?

al-Qaeda BONUS: This man served as bin Laden's doctor and succeeded him to become the current leader of al-Qaeda. ANSWER: Ayman al-Zawahiri

(3) Athenians who performed special type of this process were known as cleruchs; the first such example was prob bly done at Salamis. A brand from an orig nal prytaneum was used in the (+) ceremonial beginning of this process, which started taking place in Ionia, Thrace, and Italy in the 700s BC. (*) Syracuse was created as a result of, for ten points, what general process that spread ancient Greek culture and, more crucially, people, throughout the Mediterranean?

ancient Greek col nization (accept word forms; accept descriptions of ancient Greeks settling new cities or equivalents; prompt on exploration until "prytaneum" is read)

(25) World War II-era military testing of this weapon made Gruinard [grin-yerd] Island uninhabitable until 1990, after hundreds of tons of formaldehyde were used to decontaminate the island. That testing showed that Operation (+) Vegetarian, a plan to inflict this weapon on Germany via linseed cakes, would have killed millions of civilians who ate contaminated (*) beef. The history of defense against this weapon includes the 1954 introduction of a human vaccine and the 1987 introduction of Cipro, an antibiotic. For the points, name this biological weapon spread by spores, used in postal terrorism shortly after the 9/11 attacks.

anthrax (prompt on generic descriptions of biological weapons, bacterial weapons, poison, etc., before "biological weapon" is read) Page 6 NHBB Nationals Bee 2016-2017 Bee Playoff Round 1

(5) The Suka Wars were fought throughout these locations. During a 1953 incident, Janis Mendriks was killed when soldiers fired into a crowd at one of these institutions. Naftaly Frenkel established a system of (+) rations used at these locations. According to Anne Applebaum, two people who escaped one of these institutions invited a chef along with them so he could be used as food. The first one of these locations opened in 1921 on the (*) Solovetsky Islands. The town of Vorkuta was created to support, for ten points, what Soviet prison camps?

gulags (accept Soviet labor camps; prompt on labor camp; prompt on prisons)

(6) The intended target of this event accused George Poindexter of helping mastermind it, though the only connection Poindexter had to this event was having his house painted by its perpetrator. This event occurred immediately after its target left the funeral of (+) South Carolina representative Warren Davis. Francis Scott Key served as the prosecuting lawyer in the trial of the perpetrator of this event, who was eventually acquitted due to his (*) insanity. Richard Lawrence was beaten savagely with a cane by his target after both of his pistols misfired during, for ten points, what first attempt to kill a President of the United States, which failed to kill off "Old Hickory?"

attempted (or unsuccessful) assassination of Andrew Jackson (do not accept or prompt on assassination of Andrew Jackson)

(10) The prices charged by these companies were the subject of Regulation Q. In the 1980s and early 90s, a "crisis" caused over a thousand of one variant of these companies to fail. The Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act repealed one law that mandated separation of two types of these companies; that law, the Glass-Steagall Act, separated their "commercial" and "investment" types. For ten points, name these financial companies that were bailed out in the 2008 financial crisis, modern examples of which include JPMorganChase and Citigroup.

banks (accept types of banks like investment banks, commercial banks, etc.; prompt on "financial services" and other generic answers; prompt on other types of financial companies like "Insurance," "Brokers," etc.) Page 2 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2015-2016 Bowl Round 13 Second Quarter

(16) The 1991 Bitesse Accords were violated by UNITA's sale of these items, and a specific UN ban on these items was encouraged by the research of Robert Fowler. Charles Taylor was accused of dealing these items with the RUF. Unlike variants found in the DRC and Sierra Leone, Zimbabwean examples of this item are considered to be approved by the Kimberley Process, which curtails the flow of these items into the mainstream jewelry industry. For the point, give this term for controversial gems whose sales fund warlords in Africa.

blood diamonds (or conflict diamonds; accept descriptions; prompt on diamonds; prompt on general terms like gems before "jewelry") Page 3 NHBB Nationals Bee 2015-2016 Bee Round 2

(7) In Roman tradition, these people were the dedicatees of poems called epithalamium and wore a yellow article of clothing called a flammeum. According to a popular theory, Rembrandt painted one of these people being given a necklace and being embraced by a man representing Isaac; that painting is known as "The Jewish [one of these people]." According to some interpretations, a figure in a green dress is one of these people in a painting by Jan van Eyck that also shows the merchant Giovanni Arnolfini. For ten points, name these women who often wear white veils before they are married.

brides (accept wife, even after "Jewish" is read; accept The Jewish Bride or Het Joodse bruidje; prompt on women, girls, etc.) BONUS: Gala was the bride of this painter, who often used her as a model, and she can be seen looking up at Christ in this artist's Corpus Hypercubus ANSWER: Salvador Dali

(14) This action was the subject of a 1997 book by Anatoli Boukreev, who defended his decision not to wait for others while doing this. Maurice Wilson tried to perform it as a way of demonstrating to the world the power of fasting and prayer. Both Rob Hall and Scott Fischer (+) died trying to do this. When asked why he wanted to do this, George Mallory was quoted as saying "Because it's there." Jon Krakauer's book (*) Into Thin Air discusses an attempt at this action, undertaken by a New Zealander serving in Colonel John Hunt's expedition in 1953. For the point, name this feat, first accomplished by Tenzing Norgay and Edmund Hillary.

climbing (or ascending) Mount Everest (accept Sagarmatha or Chomolungma for Everest)

(3) Seven African-American strikebreakers in this industry were killed along with four of their guards in the 1898 Battle of Virden. The shooting of Baldwin-Felts agents in the Matewan Massacre led to a battle between 3000 strikebreakers and 10,000 workers in this industry at Blair Mountain; those workers were supported by Mother Jones. It's not oil, but a company owned by John D. Rockefeller, Jr. killed around 20 workers in this industry in Colorado. The fall of natural gas prices has caused numerous bankruptcies in this industry, whose workers often develop black lung. For ten points, name this industry, common in West Virginia, that extracts a solid fossil fuel.

coal mining (prompt on mining) BONUS: This aforementioned massacre of Rockefeller's workers in Colorado took place in April 1914. The state National Guard joined in this massacre, in which two dozen people were killed. ANSWER: Ludlow Massacre Page 3 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2015-2016 Bowl Round 13

(1) These institutions are required by the Clery Act to publish statistics on crime that happens at or near them. These institutions cannot generally divulge records to the fam lies of their customers, according to law named (+) FERPA; that law only applies to people 18 years or older. A pair of 2003 lawsuits against one of these institutions in Michigan forbade the use of quotas, but allowed them to use some forms of (*) affirmative action. FAFSA is an application to receive federal aid for attending, for ten points, what institutions whose admissions offices are not federally required to look at SAT or ACT scores?

colleges or universitys (accept any particular kind of body of higher learning, including community colleges, law schools, etc.; prompt on schools; prompt on public schools; prompt on private schools and/or "for-profit" schools until "Michigan" is read)

(8) Henry Campbell-Bannerman called these places "methods of barbarism" in response to the rhetorical question "When is a war not a war?" A photo taken at one of these locations shows an emaciated Lizzie van Zyl, whose eventual death was used by Emily (+) Hobhouse to protest conditions in these places. A commission headed by Millicent Fawcett condemned these places, whose population grew dramatically after Lord (*) Kitchener started using a scorched earth strategy. For ten points, name these locations used by the British to hold civilians during the Second Boer War, whose name was later used to describe similar facilities during the Holocaust.

concentration camps (or internment camps; do not accept or prompt on death camps or extermination camps) Page 11 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2015-2016 Bowl Round 11

(2) Pierre Dorsaz saved one man performing this action, then asked for the mule that man was riding on as a reward. Alexander Suvorov declared "the Russian eagles have outflown the Roman eagles" after performing this action, which was forced by the Second Battle of (+) Zurich. One instance of this action failed to relieve the Siege of Genoa, but resulted in the Treaty of Lun´eville after the Battle of Marengo. That instance of this action saw the Army of the Reserve led (*) through the Great Saint Bernard Pass by the first Consul of France. For ten points, Napol´eon performed what action, which involved leading an army over a Swiss mountain range?

crossing the Alps (accept descriptions)

(22) One of these works questions Joshu's Dog, giving an ambiguous answer, while another of these works in the same collection discusses a man who became a wild fox for hundreds of lives. The Book of Equanimity, the Collection of Stone and Sand and the Blue Cliff Record collect many of these works, which are used to provoke the "great doubt" within a student. For the point, name these statements, stories, or questions, such as "What is the sound of one hand clapping?", used in the study of Zen Buddhism.

koans (prompt on Zen Buddhist writings before "Zen" is said; accept The Gateless Gate before "collection" is read)

(23) Numerous Hispanic residents of Colorado's San Luis Valley with breast cancer were found to have ancestors affected by one of these actions after genetic testing revealed mutations in the BRCA1 gene. Another action of this type was reversed in (+) 1657 and had forced its affected members to wear a yellow patch. Ximenes [hi-MEN-ez] de (*) Cisneros oversaw one action of this type, while another was made official in a 1290 edict by Edward I. One of these actions affected those who refused to become conversos. For the points, name this discriminatory action carried out by Ferdinand and Isabella's Alhambra decree.

expelling Jews (accept anything related to forcing Jews to leave Spain and/or England; prompt on partial answers like "discrimination against Jews" or "expelling people")

(3) These things are most associated with Aleksandr Afanasyev in Russia, and they are often labelled with the Aarne-Thompson classification system. One collection of these things was banned by Allied forces occupying Germany after World War II. Vladimir Propp divided their plots into 31 functions and 7 dramatis personae. A notable Freudian interpretation of one of these things interprets spilled wine and a red cloak as indicating loss of sexual innocence. For ten points, name these short stories collected by the Brothers Grimm.

fairy tales (accept folk tales and other similar descriptions; be lenient) BONUS: One of Grimm's fairy tales is the "Town Musicians of [this city]", which has adopted the four animals in the story as one of its symbols. This northern German city was, with Hamburg and L¨ubeck, one of the last Hanseatic cities. ANSWER: Free Hanseatic City of Bremen Page 3 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2015-2016 Bowl Round 11

(1) Jacob Fussell pioneered the mass production of this substance. An inventory of Mount Vernon conducted after George Washington's death found two pewter pots used for consuming this substance. Dolley Madison preferred the oyster flavored variety of this food. Thomas Jefferson included a recipe for Savoy cookies on the back of the first American recipe of this food. A desire to disassociate one type of this substance with the Sabbath led to an "e" replacing the letter "y" in Sunday. For ten points, name this dessert that some Founding Fathers enjoyed in strawberry and vanilla flavors.

ice cream (accept types of ice cream; accept cream ice; accept ice cream sundae after that clue)

(24) A Presbyterian example of these figures travels with Ralpho and is the namesake of Samuel Butler's poem "Hudibras." One of these figures loses his wits, after which another named Astolfo travels to the (+) moon to find them. That first example of these figures loves the pagan Angelica and kills King (*) Agramante, and is based on one of these who blows his oliphant horn before dying in an ambush in the Pyrenees. For the point, name these medieval figures, such as Roland and the warriors of the Round Table.

knights (accept paladins; prompt on soldiers, crusaders, cavaliers, etc.; prompt on Parliamentarians or Roundheads before "pagan" is read)

(2) According to legend, after Claude Harmon performed this feat, Ben Hogan replied "How was your shot?" On Sunday, April 10th, Shane Lowry, Davis Love III, and Louis Oosthuizen [oost-hoy-zen] all accomplished this feat, with Oosthuizen requiring a bounce off of J.B. Holmes' ball. This rare feat has occurred 27 times in competition at Augusta National, but is significantly more common on the Wednesday of Masters week, during the Par 3 contest. For ten points, name this feat in which a golfer finishes a hole with a minimum amount of work.

making a hole-in-one (or an ace) at the Masters

(10) This type of business was run by William Parks in Williamsburg. One of these businesses was orig nally founded with the goal of popularizing book by Ephraim Chambers. A series of documents provided to one of these businesses was written under the pseudonym of (+) Silence Dogood because it was owned by the author's brother, James Franklin. John Peter (*) Zenger used this type of business to attack a governor, leading to a 1735 libel case. For ten points, Benjamin Franklin published material via what type of business operation, including The New-England Courant and The Pennsylvania Gazette

newspapers (prompt on publishing before read; prompt on similar equivalents, like the journalism industry) Extra Question Only read if you need a backup or tiebreaker!

(10) During this event, Harlington Wood, Jr entered a town under armed guard, a move which was credited with thawing relations. Leonard Peltier missed the majority of this event due to being jailed in Milwaukee. This event was in response to Richard Wilson's use of the Guardians of the Oglala Nation as well as rampant election fraud. In the aftermath of this event, Dennis Banks and Russell Means were acquitted for their actions. For ten points, name this event in which a Native advocacy group seized the site of an 1890 massacre.

occupation of Wounded Knee by the American Indian Movement, or AIM; do not accept Wounded Knee massacre) BONUS: The American Indian Movement was inspired by this other Native American advocacy group which, in 1969, occupied Alcatraz. ANSWER: Indians of All Tribes

(3) A folding screen and a large vase stand in the background of a Gustave Leonard de Jonghe painting of one of these people reclining, titled The Afternoon Siesta. A mandolin player with her back to the viewer was modeled off the artist's previous painting The (+) Valpin¸con Bather in a circular painting depicting dozens of these people. In an 1814 painting, one of these people carries a peacock-feather fan and has several (*) additional vertebrae. For ten points, name these female harem slaves in the service of the sultan, of which Jean-Dominique Ingres [ANG] painted a "Grande" type.

odalisque (accept odalik; accept A Reclining Odalisque; accept La Grande Odalisque; prompt on concubines)

(8) After substitution was made permanent rather than temporary, this price was the new cost for hiring substitute to go in one's place in the Union Army. George McGovern publicly claimed that he would back his running mate Thomas Eagleton [this number] (+) percent, but privately pressured him to withdraw in favor of Sargent Shriver. In a war that lasted this many days, Theodore Roosevelt sent gunboats to support Panamanian independence from Colombia. George (*) Herbert Walker Bush, in speaking at the 1988 Republican National Convention, described volunteer organizations as this many "points of light." For ten points, give this number that, as noted by Ronald Reagan in a debate with Jimmy Carter, is how many billions are in a trillion.

one thousand (accept $1000 Thousand Days War and equivalents, 1000 percent, thousand points of light)

(8) Robert Millikan was convinced that a paper about this phenomenon was incorrect and built "a machine shop in vacuo" to try to disprove it. A coil with a spark gap that sparked less when placed in a dark box led to the first observation of this phenomenon by Heinrich Hertz. Philipp Lenard found that this phenomenon did not depend on the intensity of light, but rather the frequency. In one of his Annus Mirabilis papers, Albert Einstein described this phenomenon, for which he won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1921. For ten points, name this phenomenon in which electrons are emitted when light is shined upon metal.

photoelectric effect BONUS: In a more successful experiment, Millikan found what quantity using an electric field and tiny charged drops of oil? ANSWER: fundamental electric charge (accept charge of an electron; accept elementary charge; or e; prompt on 1.6 times 10−19 Coulombs or any other numerical units)

(1) The legendary Arnold von Winkelried sacrificed himself to these weapons at the Battle of Sempach. Against these weapons, the Doppelsoldners and Rodeleros would break the deadlock created by their "push." These weapons, which were similar to the ancient (+) sarissa, repeatedly saved Ren´e II against Charles the Bold by using a tight "square" formation. Arquebusiers surrounded users of these weapons in (*) tercios, and the colorful Landsknechts and Swiss mercenaries heavily utilized them. For ten points, name these long Renaissance spears.

pikes (prompt on spear before end)

(9) Frederick Douglass once said that it was easier to do this activity well "than to repair broken men." A book about this activity downplays the importance of rigid schedules and, in its seventh edition, advocated a vegetarian diet aimed at combating obesity. That book on this activity was the best-selling book in twentieth-century America after the Bible and famously begins "Trust yourself. You know more than you think you do." For ten points, name this activity for which a proper method was outlined by Benjamin Spock, a pediatrician.

raising children (accept parenting; accept "build strong children", the exact Douglass quote; accept equivalents that relate to raising babies and/or toddlers

(9) One of these events, known as qatl-e-aam, started when a leader rode into the Chandi Chowk market and unsheathed his sword. Another of these events was preceded by a battle in which flaming camels were used to combat war elephants and resulted in a pyramid made of 80,000 human skulls. Nadir Shah led one of these events, which was preceded by the Battle of Karnal, and that one of these events caused the capture of the Kooh-i-Noor diamond and the Peacock Throne. For ten points, name these events in which an invading force looted the final Mughal capital.

sacks of Delhi (or sacks of Shahjahanabad; accept equivalents for sack) BONUS: Yet another, later sack of Delhi occurred due to the invasion of Ahmad Shah Durrani, who later won the Third Battle of Panipat against what empire founded by Shivaji? ANSWER: Maratha Empire (accept Maratha Confederacy) Page 5 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2015-2016 Bowl Round 8

(9) Late Roman examples of these objects were often decorated with detailed reliefs, including one named for Ludovisi showing battles between Romans and Goths. Etruscan examples of these objects featured reclining figures of married couples on couches sculpted in terracotta on top of them. A solid gold one of these shows Akhenaten's successor holding a crook and flail. For ten points, name these decorative coffins like the one that held the body of King Tutankhamen.

sarcoph gus (or sarcophagi; prompt on coffins before mentioned) BONUS: Later Egyptian funerary tradition included attaching these paintings of the deceased to the mummies. Their name comes for the region in Egypt where many were found. ANSWER: Faiyum paintings

(38) The Taylor Report recommended safety changes at these places in the aftermath of a fatal incident in one of them. Archibald Leitch designed dozens of these locations, including one at Ibrox that suffered hundreds of casualties twice: due to a structural collapse in 1902, and a (+) human pile-up in 1971. In retaliation for the assassinations of the Cairo Gang earlier in the day, Black and Tans opened fire into a crowd at one of these locations. A disastrous human (*) crush led to the deaths of 96 people at one of these locations called Hillsborough. For the point, name these places, such as London's Wembley, which host certain sporting events.

soccer stadiums (prompt on football stadiums) Page 9 NHBB Nationals Bee 2015-2016 Bee Playoff Round 2

(14) The knowledge of a tunnel underneath an embassy was used as evidence that this crime was committed by a man who used the code name "Ramon Garcia." Another perpetrator of this crime married a Colombian woman and claimed that the staggering jump in his apparent income came from her family. Victor Cherkashin handled the former perpetrator of this treasonous offense, who was caught taping a garbage bag of classified documents to a footbridge and arrested in 2001. For the point, name this crime committed by Aldrich Ames and Robert Hanssen, who divulged the identities of numerous CIA double agents to the KGB.

spying for Russia and/or the Soviet Union or USSR (accept equivalent descriptions, like being a double agent for the Russians; prompt on descriptions of espionage that don't mention "for Russia;" prompt on treason before mentioned)

(27) California Proposition 71, which passed in 2004, provided public funding for work involving these entities. George W. Bush's first veto was used on a bill concerning these entities. The DickeyWicker Amendment limits federal funds from being used in work relating to them. Shinya Yamanaka's research group developed their "induced" type, and they are typically taken from a blastocyst. Due to their pluripotency, they can be used to repair damaged tissue and organs. For the point, name these undifferentiated cells that come in adult and, controversially, embryonic types.

stem cells (accept additional information, like embryonic stem cells)

(10) One of these pieces, the fifth by its composer, includes an "alla bulgarese" scherzo possibly inspired by its composer's ethnomusicological studies. One of these pieces also includes tape recordings of Holocaust survivors; that piece is Steve Reich's Different Trains. A set of variations on the Deutschlandlied was included in a collection of these works dedicated to Count Erdody. Bela Bartok wrote six of, for ten points, what chamber works whose "father" was Joseph Haydn, consisting of two violins, a viola, and a cello?

string quartet Page 2 NHBB Nationals Bowl 2016-2017 Bowl Playoff Packet 4 Second Quarter

(1) One of these objects became known as the "Whiskey on the Rocks" after it was involved in a bad crash at the Karlskrona base. The nickname "Hiroshima" was granted to the (+) K-19 type of these objects, after an incident in which workers were radioactively poisoned. Vladimir Putin's reputation was hurt when he was seen vacationing while one of these (*) vehicles, named for the Battle of Kursk, sunk in the Barents Sea. For ten points, name these naval vessels, examples of which from the Russian Typhoon class may stay up to six months underwater.

submarines (prompt on generic terms like ship, etc.; do not accept specific terms like cruiser, battleship, etc.) BONUS: At what 1095 council did Urban II give a speech prompting the First Crusade? ANSWER: Council of Clermont

(3) Rowena Reed argued that this strategy attempted to "conceptualize orderliness" in one side's approach to war. This strategy's developer made a suggestion to "act according to circumstances" if marching across (+) Nashville failed to achieve a certain goal. A map regarding this strategy displays the phrase "Armed Neutrality" in Kentucky. This strategy suggested marching a force of 80,000 men (*) down the Mississippi River and blockading ports. For ten points, name this Civil War strategy outlined by Winfield Scott that sought to strangle the South like a certain animal.

the Anaconda Plan (prompt on descriptions of a Union blockade of the Confederacy)

(4) In one work in this set, an old woman wields a knife in defense of a woman getting raped. This set was influenced by a set of works by Jacques Callot which depicts scenes from the Thirty Years War. The only identifiable character in this set of works is Agustina of Aragon, who is shown manning cannons in the Siege of Zaragoza. These engravings critique politics following Ferdinand VII's return to power. For ten points, name this set of 82 prints created by Francisco Goya that depict the miseries of the Peninsular War.

the Disasters of War series BONUS: This other Goya work depicts a mob of angry citizens armed with knives attacking horsemen of the Imperial Guard in Madrid, starting an uprising that was crushed by Joachim Murat. ANSWER: 2nd of May, 1808 (accept Charge of the Mamluks)

(3) This country's first President failed to retire in 1992, as popular support demanded he run again; that leader, Dawda Jawara, was overthrown in a coup in 1994. Recent conflict in this country was averted when Ousman Badjie refused to commit his troops. In January, longtime strongman Yahya Jammeh refused to leave power in this country, prompting a military intervention from neighboring Senegal. Adama Barrow was recently elected president of, for the point, what West African Islamic Republic with capital at Banjul?

the Gambia

(1) H.D.'s poem Trilogy is reaction to this event, which is also discussed in book by Angus Calder about its "Myth." This event provides the backdrop of Graham Greene's novel The (+) End of the Affair, and Greene's short story "The Destructors" concerns a boys' gang that destroys a house that had survived this event. To escape this event, a group of four characters are sent to live in the house of (*) professor Digory Kirke. While fleeing to the countryside from this event, the Pevensie children discover a gateway to Narnia. For ten points, name this World War Two-era bombing of London.

the London Blitz (accept additional information; accept Battle of Britain; accept descriptive answers such as the Nazi German bombing of England until "bombing" is read)

(4) Bob Novak and Rowland Evans described how this practice could last "ten minutes or four hours." A biography by Robert Caro extensively covers this practice, which often took place in swimming pools and cloakrooms and was used extensively while its originator tried to get bills passed while serving as the so-called "Master of the Senate." A photograph of this practice shows its user looming over Senator Theodore Green from less than a foot away in 1957. For the point, name this aggressive tactic used by Lyndon Johnson to coerce others.

the Lyndon Johnson Treatment (accept additional information; prompt on descriptive answers of Lyndon Johnson's coercive tactics until his name is read)

(2) The Philadelphia Spanish Flu outbreak was worsened when people flooded to Willow Grove Park to purchase these items. Al Capp created Small Fry in order to sell these items. Warner Brothers created a cartoon titled Any [these items] Today?, and a poster promoting these shows a hand clutching money wanting to purchase them in front of the Statue of Liberty's torch hand. Henry Morgenthau sold the first of its Series E to Franklin Roosevelt. Over $20 billion was generated by the sale of, for ten points, what debt securities that were sold in multiple War Loan Drives?