Native Americans and Europeans in the New World

Where did the early natives come from and how? Why so?

Early natives came from Asia, chasing food. It is theorized that they crossed over the Land Bridge from Russia to North America.

Protestant Reformation

16th century European movement aimed to reform the beliefs and practices of the Roman Catholic Church.

Who settled the Southern Colonies?

Adverage Europeans working to gain profit and wealth through gold and trade.

What are the six main groups of Native Americans pre-European Settlement?

Artic, Subartic, Northwest, Intermountain, Southwest, and Eastern Woodlands.

How did Europeans ruin their relationship with the Natives?

As more settlers came to the New World, the mistreatment began when they took their lands, cheated them in trades, and traded them into slavery. This lead to hostility by the Natives.

How did the middle colonies gain money?

By growning crops (fruits, vegetables, lots of grain. Known as "The Bread Colonies"), fishing steel.

How did natives get their food?

By hunting, harvesting, and farming the land, taking advantage of their geographic situation.

What did these people farm?

Corn, pole bean, squash, pumpkins, bottle gourds, and tobacco.

What was the Eastern Woodland Native's housing?

Dome-like structures crafted of supple saplings and birch bark over the frame of saplings.

What was the order of the Spainish's two colonies, the French's colony, and the British's colony?

First- San Minguel de Gualdepe by the Spanish. Second- Charlesfort by the French. Third- San Felipe by the Spainish again. Fourth- Charleston by the British.

What was Spain's motivations of the exploration of the New World?

For economic expansion for the most part, although there were some religious motivations.

Which conquestador found and crossed the Mississippi River and located "Confitachequi" in present-day Camden, SC?

Hernando de Soto did so. He was believed to be buried in the riverbed of the river. "Confitachequi" was land that was believed to be imensely rich in gold. He came to Southeastern part of America in 1540 with mulitiple expeditions.

How did Britain began the exploration and founding of South Carolina (the just "Carolina")?

In 1660, King Charles II of England retrieved 8 men who were dubbed the Lord Proprietors. This land was epanded from the panhandle of Florida, to the Gulf of Mexico, and to the bottom of Virginia. The first Natives they discovered were the Yemassee.

What officially began the Yemassee War?

In 1715, the Yemassee raided and killed British in Port Royal and Charles Town, the settlements being under seige. They were supported by the French and Spainish who didn't want them to steal their land. They also tried recruiting other tribes to join the fight. The Creek fled the fight and came to the Spainish in Hope of help and was declined. They instead became apart of the Seminole tribe.

What are the geographical conditions for the Southern Colonies?

It had good, fertile soil that was great for crops like rice and tobacco.

What are the geographical conditions for the Middle Colonies?

It had land great for farming.

What was the location and end result of Charles Town?

It was located in present-day Charleston (same place) and successful.

What was the location and end result of San Minguel de Gualdepe?

It was located in/near present-day Georgetown. The end result was many settlers died of diesese and starvation from lack of support. It had failed.

What was the location and end result of San Felipe?

It was located on Parris Island and failed because of attacks by Natives.

What was the location and end result of Charles Fort?

It was located on Parris Island and the end result was failure because of lack of leadership and supplies.

Who/what ended the European Religious War?

Martin Luther in 1517 published, "The Ninty-Five Thesis" and concluded in 1648 by the Treaty of Westphilis that finally ended it.

What were the Southern Colonies?

Maryland, Virginia, the Carolinas (SC and NC), and Georgia (also known as the "debetor's state").

Eastern Woodlands

Native American culture and society in the eastern US from the Mississippi, to some of Southern Canada, and to the Atlantic shore.

What were struggles the Spainish encountered while exploring the New World?

Native wars, diesese and overwork, and lack of support from their home country.

What are the Middle Colonies?

New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Delaware.

I'd also go over the specifics of the 13 Original Colonies from the power point Bonds gave us. I would include questions, but I m ean, this Quizlet IS 80 terms long so I guess I've done it. HAVE A AN AMAZING DAY MY SPRITES!!! :-D

Now, feast your eyes on THIS precious boy.

Who settled the New English Colonies?

Puritains, English, pilgrims who searched for religious freedom, English investors.

Who settled the Middle Colonies?

Quakers, Mennonites, Lutherans, Dutch Calvinists, Presbyterians, Scottish, Irish, German, French, Swede, and English.

What are the four New English Colonies?

Rhode Island, Massachusetts, Connecticut, and New Hampshire.

What diesese claimed the lives of many Catabwa Natives?

Smallpox killed thousands of them. When the English arrived, 5,000 people had died. 60 years later 500 had died. In 1759, 2/3 of the tribe had been killed and went to King George II for help.

Conquestador

Spainish conquerer in the 16th century.

Ecomadas

Spainish estates that used Natives as slaves.

Hernando de Soto

Spainish explorer who first led Spainish and European expeditions deep into present-day US. First European to have crossed the Mississippi River.

What was the Catabwa's location before European settlement and their characteristics?

The Catabwa we're known as the "river people" since they lived along the Piedmont reigon's rivers. Like the Cherokee, they had pallisades around their village. Each village had council houses where leader's made descisions for the tribe. They we're known to be great potters (remember Harry Potter).

What are the three main Native American tribes in South Carolina?

The Catabwa, the Yemassee, and the Cherokee.

What were some of the Spainish's activities during exploration?

The exploration and claiming of territory, and finding gold.

What are the geographic conditions of the New English Colonies?

The land was flat closer to the sea and hillier more inland. The winters were bitter and the summers mild. The soil was also rocky and not fertile - not so good for farming.

Why are there differences amount the Eastern Woodlands people culturally wise?

The vastness of their region offered a variety of geography for different tribes. The type of land they lived on caused their way of life to differ from each other.

What were some of the struggles the French encountered?

The weather and needed guidence from Natives, attacks from some tribes, and lack of support.

What was Catabwa's relashonship with the English and other Native American Nations?

These people who lived on the border of the NC and SC border was always at war with northern tribes and started to get along with the British colinists. They later supported revolutionists. In 1763 they we're given a reserve on the Catabwa river. In the 1900's, many were driven out of South Carolina, but some do remain.

What were some of the French's accomplishments in the New World?

They claimed lands around the St. Lawrence River, claimed Louisiana, and gained wealth from furs and mining.

What was the French's impact on the New World?

They dealt in furs, gained trust of Natives, expanded their culture with Cathlocsism, and created the creole culture in the 1600's.

How did Europeans gained the trust of Eastern Woodland Natives?

They did this by trading furs, and dear skins for iron tools and guns.

What was the impact the Spainish had on the New World?

They discovered the Mississippi, claimed territory, introduced pigs and horses, brought slaves, and spreaded culture with the Catholic religion.

What were some of the struggles the English encountered?

They encountered starvation, poor leadership, Native wars, diesese, no sense of geography, and lack of support.

What was some of the French's activities during exploration?

They expanded Cathlocsism, claimed some land (primarily around St. Lawrence River), and traded.

What were some of the Spainish's accomplishments in the New World?

They found the Mississippi, claimed land what they called to be "Spainish Florida," and had missions in the Pacific by revolutions.

What was the English's impact on the New World?

They gained control of the Eastern colonies, traded with Natives, and expanded culture.

What was the English's accomplishments on the New World?

They had established permenant settlements on the east coast.

What was the English's activities during the New World's exploration?

They looked for gold, expanded land, and grew a lot of tobacco.

How did the Southern Colonies make money?

They owned plantations that grew tobacco, rice, and had slaves.

How did the New English colonies make money?

They traded a lot, had ship-building companies, fishing (cod, mackrel, herring, halibut, hake, bass, and sturgeon), furs, livestock products, alcohol, copper, and timber.

What did Eastern Woodland Natives use for tools and weapons?

They used sharpened points carved in rocks and animal bone. A simple hoe made of bone was for digging. They also burned areas for farming or to drive out animals for hunting.

What was the French's motivations for exploring the New World?

They wanted to convert Natives to Cathlocsism, and also wanted profit (mainly by trading furs).

What was the natives politics with other tribes and European settlers?

They were intially friendly with other tribes/Nations and worked to get along. At first, their relationship with European settlers was steady but was broken as they began to trick and harm them.

What was the Yemassee's location before European settlement and their characteristics

Thier tribe was originally from present-day Florida before being driven out by Spainish governers and settlers who claimed the land as Spainish Florida. They instead had to live on the Savannah river. Before then, in the summer they lived on the beach in temporary homes and in other seasons inland in wattle and daub homes. Their council sometimes did include women. After the Yemassee War with the British, they fled back to Florida to reclaim their home.

Why did Protestants separate from Catholic church? Who were they?

This branch of Christianity (one of the four major ones) separated for the Roman Catholic Church because of different ideas of beliefs and practices. For example, unlike the Catholic, they believed church wasn't a daily activity.

What was Protestant Reformation?

This movement was aimed to reform the Catholic Church and ended up splitting from them. They did not like the indugences of them and the selling and buying of offices. They shook the world because almost all of Europe was Catholic.

What was the Spainish's treatment of the Natives?

This nationality stole from the Natives and harmed them. They destroyed burial temples, stole riches, and kidnapped princesses. Although they couldn't help it, they also spreaded diesese.

What was the Cherokee's location before European settlement and their characteristics?

This tribe lived in the foothills of the Appalachian Mountains. They were considered powerful military wise and known as the "real people." Women took part in their council that made descisions for the nation. White leader = times of peace. Red leader = times of war. Each village had a holy man or woman (shaman)

What was the Yemassee War?

This was a war waged between British settlers and the Yemassee tribe. It began when their relashions dropped when they accused the British of getting them intoxicated and using it as an advantage to steal from them. They were also acused of being cheated in trade and taken as slaves.

What was the Cherokee war?

This was a war waged between the British and Cherokee tribe. First a treaty was signed between the two in 1721 to keep peace. The Cherokee had hunting grounds in Georgia and allowed the British to build forts on them. In 1789 they had a misunderstanding with settlers and the British were convinced they had switched over to the French side. In response the British formed an army and marched into their lands. Cherokee denied the accusisions and didn't want a war, so they signed a treaty and released British prisoners. BUT they later got upset and attacked Broad River.

What was some motivations for British exploration of the New World?

To escape persecution in religion, and increase power and wealth (much of it from investing).

Who were conquistadors?

Volenterted militia who supplied their own weapons and supplies. Some were sponsered by those in power like Hernando de Soto. They brought much of the Americas under Spainish rule.

Palisades

a fence of wooden stakes or railings fixed in the ground, forming defence or eclosure.

Nomadic

a group that routinely moves, or wanders. They often follow food and necessities.

Slash and Burn

a technique of cropping that involves burning already harvested crops and replinishing the soil with it's ashes.

Three Sisters

a technique of cropping used for squash, corn, and pole bean. The crops are planted close together, giving each other support.

Mercatalism

belief in the benefits of profitable trading. Used in the 16th-18th century. The belief you can control commercial interest.

profit

financial gain

indentured servant

laborer within a system of unfree labor bounded by force

Colony

land under full or partial political control from another country.

Headright

legal grant of land to settlers of they paid for their and/or others passage to the New World. Notable role in expansion of the thirteen Britsh colonies.

Protestant

member of the Western Christain church separate from the Roman Catholic.

Matrilineal

of based kinship with the mother or female line. An individual is considered to be long to the same descent group as their mother. (is a descent system)

debetors

person or institution that owes money

refuge

sheltered or safe from pursuit or trouble.

Persecute

subject someone to ill-treatment due to race, political stance, or religous belief.

Land Bridge Theory

the theory of an ice-bridge connecting North America and Russia across the Barren Straight.

abandon

to leave behind

Migrate

to move from or relocate from place to place.

I would also review the read Bonds gave us, "New Land Up For Grabs" and I would include questions but I'm pretty sure everyone has the capability of reading, so yeah.

yolo sure