NBE SCIENCES-SET #7

What is the freezing point of water?

0 degrees Celsius

Which of the following compounds used in arterial formulations fall under the heading of modifying agents? 1 - Anticoagulants 2 - Humectants 3 - Buffers 4 - Preservatives

1, 2 and 3 only

How many carbon atoms are there in a molecule of Benzaldehyde?

7

The pH system is so devised that an even balance of H and OH ions would produce a reading of:

7.0

Which of the following are dyes used in arterial formulations? 1 - Eosine 2 - Ponceau Red 3 - Erythrosine 4 - Amaranth

All of these

Which of the following names is a synonym for the compound called phenol? Boric acid Benzoic acid Cabonic acid Carbolic acid

Carbolic Acid

Which of these substances is NOT derived from the decomposition of proteins? Ammonia Carbon monoxide Putrescine Cadaverine

Carbon Monoxide

Which of the following compounds is formed from the partial oxidation of an aldehyde?

Carboxylic Acid

Sawdust used in absorbent viscera treatment powders is also known as:

Cellulose

Substances which will pass through the pores of animals and vegetable membranes are:

Crystalloids

What is methyl salicylate used for in embalming fluids?

Deodorant

Which of the following substances is used as a buffer in arterial fluid? Lanolin Heparin E.D.T.A. Sorbitol

E.D.T.A.

Which state of matter has no definite volume and no definite shape:

Gases

Which of the following is an example of a dialdehyde compound? Methanal Formaldehyde Acetaldehyde Glutaraldehyde

Glutaraldehyde

The final products of total oxidation of hydrocarbons and carbohydrates are (all numbers are subscripts):

H2O and CO2

Which of the following is NOT true about formaldehyde? it is produced by the oxidation of methanol it is a colorless gas at room temperature it is soluble in water it can be oxidized into methanol

It can be oxidized into methanol

Emulsified oil used as a humectant and to give a soft texture to skin:

Lanolins

Elements are composed of identical atoms; compounds are composed of ____.

MOLECULES

Which of the following is not a chemical change? Tearing of paper Decomposition of remains Cremation of human remains Rusting of iron

Tearing of paper

What type of substance is embalming fluid?

a mixture

What type of compound is hemoglobin?

a protein

Which of the following yields both metallic and non-metallic ions in solution? an ether formaldehyde an acid a salt

a salt

The products of the Neutralization Reaction are:

a salt and water

Sodium lauryl sulfate is used in embalming fluids as:

a surfactant

If a solution has a pH of 10.5 it is ___.

alkaline

Proteins are compounds composed of many ________ linked together.

amino acids

Upon hydrolysis, proteins yield:

amino acids

A substance that can be used as a buffer because it can act as either an acid or a base is considered to be

amphoteric

The partial oxidation of a primary alcohol yields:

an aldehyde

Citrates and oxalates are usually added to embalming fluids to act as:

anticoagulants

Self destruction of the body by its own enzymes:

autolysis

The digestion of cells by means of their own enzymes is called:

autolysis

If a solution is acid, its pH will be:

below 7

Which of the following are employed in embalming formulations as surfactants: sodium lauryl sulfate only sulfonates only both sodium lauryl sulfate and sulfonates neither sodium lauryl sulfate nor sulfonates

both sodium lauryl sulfate and sulfonates

Surface tension reducers (allow water to flow through smaller apertures):

both sodium lauryl sulfate and sulfonatesboth sodu

EDTA is used in injection fluids as ___.

buffer

Complete oxidation of a hydrocarbon yields:

carbon dioxide and water

The complete oxidation of proteins produces:

carbon dioxide, water, and urea

The chemical formed when an aldehyde is partially oxidized?

carboxylic acid

For embalming purposes, phenol has the properties of preserving, disinfecting, and ___ .

cauterizing cut tissues

What is involved in the cremation of the body?

chemical change

Those fluids that are employed at the same time as the preservative chemicals:

co-injection

Proteins are compounds: composed of many aldoses linked together composed of glycerine and fatty acid molecules combined together composed of many amino acids linked together composed of many ketosis linked together

composed of many amino acids linked together

A solution containing a relatively large amount of solute is

concentrated

Which of the following is NOT important in determining the shelf-life of an arterial fluid? cost of the fluid presence of anti-polymerization agents exposure to extremes of temperature exposure to light

cost of the fluid

The loss of water from a compound is called:

dehydration

The process used to separate colloidal solutes from crystalloidal solutes is

dialysis

A solution containing a relatively small amount of solute is

dilute

What is the quaternary ammonium compounds used for in embalming fluids?

disinfectants

Eosin is used in embalming fluids as a ___.

dye

Impart color to the fluid and sometimes to the tissues:

dyes

Esters of glycerol with fatty acids are:

fats

The by-products of the hydrolysis of fats are:

fatty acids and glycerol

Paraformaldehyde is a polymer of:

formaldehyde

Which of these compounds is described as a water soluble gas with an irritating pungent odor?

formaldehyde

The oxidation of formaldehyde forms

formic acid

When embalming a jaundice case, production of biliverdin is prevented by using ___ as the preservative chemical in the injection solution.

glutaraldehyde

Which of these disinfectant chemicals is known to kill bacterial spores? glutaraldehyde isopropanol ethanol methanol

glutaraldehyde

Fats are very slippery when handled because of the ____ in their chemical structure.

glycerol

Which one of the following is NOT found in a pre-injection fluid? anticoagulants water conditioning agents low concentration of formaldehyde high concentration of formaldehyde

high concentration of formaldehyde

The function of glycerol in embalming fluids is:

humectant

Glycerol can be used in embalming formulations as a:

humectant, solvent, and vehicle

In arterial fluids, glycols act as:

humectants

Polyhydroxy alcohols are a class of compounds often added to arterial fluids to act as:

humectants

Water will combine chemically with certain compounds to form crystalline compounds known as:

hydrates

The main constituent of an acid is

hydrogen

An acid is the type of chemical which releases ___ when dissolved in water.

hydrogen ions

The type of solution which would result in the shrinking or shriveling of a blood cell is

hypertonic solution

What property is exhibited by proteins which allows them to absorb large quantities of water?

imbibition

Salts are ___ compounds.

ionic

Which of these choices serves to keep formaldehyde dissolved in arterial solution and out of the air in the embalming room? use hot water keep cover on the machine agitate the mixture aggressively add phenol to the solution to combine with HCHO

keep cover on the machine

One major characteristic of pre-injection fluids:

little or no preservative

Which of these describes protein molecules? many fatty acids linked together many monosaccharides linked together many amino acids linked together many ketones linked together

many amino acids linked together

Oil of wintergreen is chemically:

methyl salicylate

Two or more substances that are mixed together but are NOT chemically combined form a/n:

mixture

Simple sugars are referred to as ________ because of their chemical structure.

monosaccharides

Reaction of an acid with a base is called the ___ reaction.

neutralization

The pattern of pH change in an unembalmed body after death is:

pH 7.3 to more acidic then change to alkaline

Which of the following is used only as a filler in autopsy powder, it does not preserve or disinfect. Paraformaldehyde Paradichlorobenzene Lanolin Perlite

perlite

Of the following, the class of chemicals that are used as humectants in embalming fluids are: aromatic esters phenolics aldehydes polyhydric alcohols

polyhydric alcohols

What class of compounds is used as humectants?

polyhydroxy alcohols

The most complex of all carbohydrates are the

polysaccharides

Those fluids often used prior to the injection of the preservative chemicals?

pre-injection fluids

For which of the following purposes would formaldehyde, gluteraldehyde, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol and phenol be added to an arterial formulation? deodorants preservative anticoagulants vehicle

preservative

Phenol is used in embalming fluids as a:

preservative

The scientific term which means that a solution has dissolved all the solute particles it possibly can at that temperature is:

saturated

If an embalming fluid label directs that the bottle must be shaken well before using, the mixture inside is properly described as ___.

simple suspension

Ketones are used in accessory fluids as ____ in the embalming process.

solvents

A humectant commonly used in modern embalming fluids is:

sorbitol

A substance that is capable of bringing about a reduction in the surface tension of a fluid:

surfactant

Sulfonates are added to embalming fluids to function as

surfactant

The chemical used in embalming to reduce surface tension and to aid in penetration, is known as a/an:

surfactant

The type of hardness which could be removed by boiling is

temporary hardness

The total amount of formaldehyde required to preserve all of the protein in the body is:

the formaldehyde demand

The temperature and pressure at which a solid turns into a liquid is

the melting point

A solution in which more solute can still be dissolved at a given temperature is:

unsaturated

In the use with embalming fluids, water and methyl alcohol are two examples of: buffers indicators vehicles isomers

vehicles

An aqueous solution uses __________ as the vehicle.

water

Which of the following is the most often used vehicle for arterial formulations? lanolin water formaldehyde glycerol

water

Another name for methyl alcohol is

wood alcohol