NCE Form A
72. Which of the following scenarios is considered ethical according to the ACA Code of Ethics? a. Counselor educators who use their own textbooks in their classes b. Counselors who urge their clients to buy their products c. Counselors who solicit testimonials from current clients d. All of the above.
A
78. A fire alarm interrupts the administration of a standardized assessment. The counselor should do all of the following EXCEPT a. immediately reschedule the assessment. b. make a note of the disruption. c. consider the disruption when interpreting the results of the assessment. d. put the test results in the proper perspective when reporting them to the client.
A
78. A fire alarm interrupts the administration of a standardized assessment. The counselor should do all of the following EXCEPT r. immediately reschedule the assessment. b. make a note of the disruption. c. consider the disruption when interpreting the results of the assessment. d. put the test results in the proper perspective when reporting them to the client.
A
1. The first state to offer licensure to counselors was a. South Carolina. b. Virginia. c. Maryland. d. Delaware.
B
10. The ____ model refers to when persons reject both the customs and values of the new culture and their country of origin. a. separation b. marginalization c. biculturalism d. assimilation
B
100. A man thinks something is wrong with him because he is more interested in spending time with his family and friends than excelling in his career. He says that he is embarrassed about his lack of ambition because he knows men are supposed to be the family breadwinners. Narrative therapists would describe his self-narrative as a. multilayered. b. thin. c. superficial. d. thick.
B
102. What are the three types of aptitude testing? a. Readiness testing, vocational aptitude testing, and diagnostic testing b. Cognitive ability testing, vocational aptitude testing, and intelligence testing c. Survey batteries, cognitive ability testing, and intelligence testing d. Readiness testing, survey batteries, and diagnostic testing
B
104. Confidentiality and privileged communication belong to the a. counselor. b. client. c. court. d. client's attorney.
B
118. Before changing its name to ACA in 1993 (as it is known today), this organization enacted its second name change in 1983 from APGA to a. American Mental Health Counselors Association (AMHCA). b. American Association of Counseling and Development (AACD). c. National Counseling Association (NCA). d. Counseling Association of America (CAA).
B
123. The highest level of Kohlberg's stage theory of moral development is a. law and order. b. universal ethical principles. c. social/moral contract and system of laws. d. None of the above.
B
154. Specific, measurable, action-oriented steps that must be attained to accomplish a program goal are referred to as a. formative evaluations. b. program objectives. c. summative evaluations. d. program mission statements.
B
18. In Ivan Pavlov's experiment with dogs, the unconditioned stimulus was the a. salivation. b. food. c. bell. d. None of the above.
B
21. Group member screening is a. a legal requirement b. an ethical requirement c. recommended but neither a legal nor an ethical requirement d. both a legal and ethical requirement
B
23. A sampling method in which participants from an entire population have an equal chance of being selected is known as sampling. a. systematic b. simple random c. quota d. stratified
B
24. A counselor suspects that one of her minor clients is being physically abused, so she files a report with child protective services. CPS conducts an investigation and finds that no abuse has occurred or is occurring with that child. In this situation, the counselor a. would be held liable for making a false report. b. would not be held liable unless the report was made with malice c. would receive a warning from CPS. d. would be investigated by an ethics committee.
B
25. Burnout can lead to a. physical exhaustion. b. emotional exhaustion. c. an increased sense of personal accomplishment. d. social withdrawal.
B
69. Which of the following research paradigms references reliability and validity considerations? a. Positivism b. Post-positivism c. Critical d. Constructivism
B
73. A counselor is working with a teenage client who finds herself ruminating obsessively about what would happen if her parents decided to get a divorce. These negative thought cycles are causing her considerable distress and are making it hard for her to focus in school. What cognitive technique might be most useful for this client to help her break out of these cycles when they occur? a. Cognitive rehearsal b. Thought stopping c. Cognitive disputation d. Shame attack exercises
B
77. What percentage of a normally distributed population's scores fall between +/- 3 standard deviations? a. 95% b. 99% c. 68% d. 2%
B
8. A researcher recruited two counseling groups with clients who self-reported to be test anxious. One group was instructed on the use of meditation prior to exams; the other was not (and served as controls). Students' anxiety level was assessed after the training just prior to final exams. What research design has just been described? a. Single group posttest b. Quasi-experimental c. Randomized experimental d. Pre-experimental
B
83. Language acquisition device, surface structures, and deep structures are all concepts associated with which theory of language development? a. Learning theory approach b. Nativist approach c. Interactionist approach d. Epigenetic approach
B
84. Which career theory proposes that occupational selection is heavily influenced by the psychological needs that develop from interactions between children and their parents? a. Personal construct psychology b. Roe's personality development and occupational classification c. Social learning theory d. Gottfredson's theory of circumscription, compromise, and self-creation
B
85. ____ is NOT one of the five basic human needs, as proposed by Glasser. t. Survival b. Spirituality c. Freedom d. Fun
B
101.____.-is NOT a potential benefit of a heterogeneous group. a. Better generalization b. Better reality testing c. Decreased resistance d. More in-depth learning
C
41. A client tells his counselor that after thinking about all of the potential consequences, he has decided to engage in an extramarital affair. The counselor believes he will be making a huge mistake if he takes this course of action; however, after consideration, the counselor decides to accept and respect the client's decision and not try to convince the client to change his mind. In this situation, the counselor is upholding the ethical principle of a. independence. b. fidelity. c. autonomy. d. self-determination.
C
44. ____ is an example of an investigative occupation. a. Mechanic b. Accountant c. Biologist d. Real estate agent
C
47. In the classical test theory equation, X + T + e, e represents the a. reliability of a test. b. reliability of a person's test score across several test administrations. c. amount of error present during test administration. d. observed test score.
C
5. Stress management, self-worth, and leisure are dimensions of the ____ factor of the indivisible self-model of wellness. a. social self b. essential self c. coping self d. creative self
C
50. Internalized oppression, or when minority members espouse the majority opinion, is also known as a. primary oppression. b. secondary oppression. c. tertiary oppression. d. double jeopardy.
C
54. As a group enters the working stage, all of the following should occur EXCEPT a. the leader should transfer more power to group members. b. the leader should become less directive. c. the leader should become more active. d. group members should be given more responsibility.
C
57. Bartering with a client may be reasonable under the following circumstances EXCEPT a. if it is suggested by the client. b. if it is an accepted convention in the community. c. if the counselor thinks it is in the client's best interest. d. if the exchange is fair.
C
60. ____ is NOT one of the four functions of Jung's personality typology. a. Thinking b. Feeling c. Behaving d. Intuition
C
63. Carlita would like to study domestic violence intervention in a community. She decides to interview survivors and their families, the mayor, local medical and mental health professionals, and a city council member. Which research tradition is most closely aligned with her design? a. Grounded theory b. Phenomenology c. Ethnography d. Biography
C
125. Experiential family counseling is most reminiscent of a. Gestalt therapy. b. narrative therapy. c. Adlerian psychology. d. humanistic counseling.
D
128. Children in Head Start programs show a significant improvement in academic skills. Regarding threats to internal validity, the success of Head Start might be most affected by a. diffusion of treatment. b. testing. c. instrumentation. d. statistical regression.
D
13. An example of resistance is a. a client who refuses to talk. b. a client who frequently misses appointments. c. a client who tries to steer conversations toward irrelevant, "safe" topics. d. All of the above.
D
130. Which of the following statements is true regarding the term transgender? a. It represents individuals who are attracted only to the opposite sex. b. It is solely synonymous with sex reassignment. c. It represents individuals who identify only with the opposite gender. d. It is an umbrella term for anyone permanently or periodically identifying with another gender.
D
131. The most harmful parenting style is a. authoritative. b. permissive. c. authoritarian. d. uninvolved.
D
82. A cultural characteristic common within the African American community is a. harmony with nature. b. respect for the family. c. egalitarian gender roles. d. All of the above.
D
95. What can we say about a fourth-grader who has completed 6 months of fourth grade and has a grade equivalent score of 6.1 in math? a. The student scored average in math when compared to her classmates. b. The student needs to be moved into sixth-grade math. c. The student is performing at the sixth-grade level in math. d. The student is performing higher in math than most students in the fourth grade.
D
98. After experiencing considerable pressure from his family, a high school graduate decides to attend his father's alma mater and pursue the same field of study as his father did so that he can eventually become a partner in the family business. This student is displaying the status. a. identity diffusion b. identity moratorium c. identity foreclosure d. identity achievement
D
103. A counseling researcher is interested in investigating the following research question: "What is the influence of socioeconomic status and school climate on academic achievement?" The independent variable is a. socioeconomic status. b. academic achievement. c. gender. d. geography.
A
105. According to the Department of Labor's 2005 Occupational Projections, ____ occupations are expected to grow faster than any other occupational group. , a. professional b. construction and extraction c. production d. service
A
106. It is extremely hard to work with clients until they have become a. customers. b. complainants. c. managers. d. visitors.
A
107. Which of the following may indicate that an individual is not appropriate for group work. a. Troublesome attention-seeking behavior b. Interpersonal problems c. Inadequate social skills d. All of the above.
A
108. Achievement tests are designed to a. assess what one has learned at the time of testing. b. identify academically at-risk students, but they cannot measure student academic growth. c. assess what a person is capable of learning. d. predict future performance in a school subject.
A
116. People who are "differentiated" are a. able to enter into emotional family situations without becoming overly affected or involved. b. cut off from their families. c. fused with their families. d. unable to balance logic and affect.
A
119. To help clients increase their level of differentiation, Bowen recommends a. back-home visits. b. creating a genogram. c. unbalancing. d. learning how to communicate congruently.
A
122. In general, among American Indians honor and respect are gained through a. sharing. b. educational achievement. c. material wealth. d. None of the above.
A
126. All of the following are examples of structural issues in group work EXCEPT a. the topic under discussion. b. type and function of group. c. size of group. d. open vs. closed group.
A
127. Which one of the following assessments describes the personality traits of nonpathological, well-adjusted individuals? a. California Psychological lnventory b. Million Clinical Multiaxial Inventory c. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory d. None of the above.
A
138. A homicide would be categorized as a. a situational crisis. b. an existential crisis. c. a developmental crisis. d. a psychiatric crisis.
A
142. A(n) ____ behavioral rating scale is administered to identify the problematic behavior, and a(n) ____ behavioral rating scale is subsequently administered to provide detailed information about the problematic behavior. a. broad-band; narrow-band b. unstructured; structured c. narrow-band; broad-band d. narrative; event
A
146. A counselor describes a child's temper tantrums as an attempt to bring her parents together. Milan systemic family counselors would call this a a. positive connotation. b. revealing. c. relabeling. d. None of the above.
A
157. Considering only applicant SAT scores for an academic scholarship perpetuates ____ bias. a. ecological b. response c. examiner d. test
A
16. A counselor wants to explore the relationship between three types of counseling interventions and client satisfaction. Which of the following would represent a confounding variable? a. Client issue: each intervention addresses a different client problem b. Time of day: all interventions occur at 10:00 a.m. c. Medication use: Clients under study for each intervention are heterogeneous with respect to medications. d. Environmental factors: Clients vary in their experiences to trauma.
A
17. A child who has a documented learning disability but is doing well in all of his or her classes would most likely a. not qualify for special education services under IDEA or accommodations under Section 504. b. qualify for special education services under IDEA but not accommodations under Section 504. c. not qualify for special education services under IDEA but would qualify for accommodations under Section 504. d. qualify for special education services under IDEA and accommodations under Section 504.
A
26. Assessment generally occurs during the-____ stage of counseling. a. action/intervention b. termination c. relationship-building d. intake
A
32. In most states, for counselors to work in private practice, they must obtain a. licensure. b. certification. c. licensure and certification. d. neither licensure nor certification.
A
37. Which of the following is NOT true concerning construct validity? a. Construct validity is empirically established by examining the relationship between data collected from the instrument and a specific criterion. b. Construct validity is important to establish when an instrument measures an abstract construct. c. Construct validity is defined as the extent to which an instrument measures a theoretical construct. d. Construct validity can be determined through experimental design or factor analysis.
A
39. ____ were considered by Freud to be the "royal road to the unconscious." a. Dreams b. Memories c. Early childhood recollections d. Fantasies
A
4. The ____ was founded in 1913 as the first career-guidance organization. a. National Vocational Guidance Association (NVGA) b. American Personnel and Guidance Association (APGA) c. National Career Development Association (NCDA) d. National Employment Counseling Association (NECA)
A
48. Computing ____ allows a researcher to examine if statistically significant relationships are practically meaningful. a. effect size b. power c. p-value d. Cronbach's alpha
A
51. A young child sees a dog and exclaims, "Look, Dad, a cat!" The child only noticed that the animal had four legs, like the family's pet cat. Which Piagetian concept does this scenario best exemplify? a. Assimilation b. Cognitive dissonance c. Accommodation d. Symbolic representation
A
52. According to the Myers-Briggs type theory, an individual who uses all five senses to take in information about the world uses the ____ dimension of perceiving. a. Sensing b. Intuition c. Thinking d. Feeling
A
62. The developer of a challenging test computes each item's difficulty. He finds that the majority of his test items have an item difficulty score ranging from .90 to .95. What can be said about the test? a. The test developer needs to make his test items more difficult. b. The test developer needs to make his test items easier. c. The test questions were not consistent. d. The item difficulty score is high, and the test developer does not need to make any corrections to the individual items.
A
65. A year ago, Jan's boss informed her that she would be promoted to senior analyst for her outstanding job performance; however, Jan was never promoted. According to Schlossberg, this is an example of a(n) a. nonevent. b. chronic hassle. c. unanticipated transition. d. anticipated transition.
A
7. James Bryant Conant believed he could create equal opportunities in access to college education through the development of a. the Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT). b. the Iowa Test of Basic Skills (ITBS). c. the Educational Testing Service (ETS). d. TerraNova tests.
A
86. Which quadrant of the Johari window increases as a result of self-disclosure? a. Public/open quadrant b. Private/Hidden quadrant c. Blind quadrant d. Unknown/unconscious quadrant
A
87. If a student scored a 45 on an exam with a mean of 35 and a standard deviation of 5, what would be the student's z-score? a. +2 b. -1 c. 0 d. + 1.5
A
92. ____ contains three instruments that measure interest, abilities, and values and can be administered individually or together. t. The California Occupational Preference Survey (COPS) b. Kuder Career Search c. Keirsey Temperament Sorter II d. Career Thoughts Inventory
A
93. ____ is NOT one of the three core conditions of counseling. a. Encouragement b. Empathy c. Congruence d. Unconditional positive regard
A
94. When a group member uses sarcasm, it is usually an attempt to hide a. anger. b. neediness. c. a desire for control. d. a desire for attention.
A
96. A college counselor is interested in conducting a study on college administrators' attitudes toward Greek organizations. He conducts focus groups with several administrators and asks other administrators to complete rating scales regarding their satisfaction with these organizations. This is an example of research. a. concurrent b. action c. sequential exploratory d. sequential explanatory
A
121. The overarching spirit behind informed consent is to a. procure a physical document affirming the client's consent to be counseled. b. ensure that clients fully understand the counseling process and their right to decline treatment. c. protect counselors from lawsuits. d. inform clients about the potential harms of counseling.
B
136. A counselor is interested in measuring the success of a program on clients over time. As a select group of clients are studied, the way success is measured becomes more restrictive. What type of single subject research design does this best describe? a. A-B-C b. Changing criterion c. Between series d. Parametric
B
141. A group leader notices an instance of resistance in a group member but finds that it does not hinder the group process. The leader should a. interpret it. b. ignore it. c. ask the group to discuss the behavior. d. meet individually with the group member to explore the resistant behavior.
B
150. Milan systemic family counselors believe that it is imperative to remain a. subjective. b. neutral. G. impassive. d. partisan
B
27. According to the Association for Specialists in Group Work, the four categories of group work are a. growth groups, counseling groups, T:groups, and psychotherapy groups. b. task groups, psychoeducational groups, counseling groups, and psychotherapy groups. c. self-help groups, psychotherapy groups, task groups, and psychoeducational groups. d. encounter groups, counseling groups, psychoeducational groups, and psychotherapy groups.
B
28. According to ____ test-users must have technical knowledge regarding the validity and reliability of test results. a. Rights and Responsibilities of Test-Takers b. Responsibilities of Users of Standardized Tests (RUST) c. Tests Critiques d. Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HTPAA)
B
29. Jenny wants to examine two scores for a group of adolescents in an after-school program based on pretest and posttest data. Which analysis is most appropriate? a. Independent t-test b. Dependent t-test c. Logistic regression design d. ANCOVA
B
3. A 53-year-old woman feels like she is 25 years old. Which category of aging does this statement represent? t. Biological aging b. Psychological aging c. Social aging d. All of the above
B
30. In the ____ consultation model, there is no "expert"; all members are equally responsible for the outcome. a. collaborative-dependent b. collaborative-interdependent c. triadic-dependent d. triadic-interdependent
B
31. Which of the following is a closed-ended question? a. "What went through your mind when your girlfriend was breaking up with you?" b. "How many times have you fought with your daughter in the past week?" c. "What is your relationship with your brother like now?" d. "How do you feel about your decision to go back to school?"
B
33. The counseling theory called ____ is deterministic. a. individual psychology b. psychoanalysis c. humanistic d. existential
B
38. ____ have been trained to help clients work through their issues by uncovering and examining unconscious conflicts. a. Psychologists b. Psychoanalysts c. Psychiatrists d. Mental health counselors
B
40. Ethnocentrism means a. believing that other cultures are more worthy than one's own. b. believing that one's own culture is superior to others. c. believing culturally appropriate research is only done through ethnography. d. believing that gender roles should be congruent with a culture.
B
45. Adler believed that a person's lifestyle is established by the age of a. 4 years. b. 5 years. c. 6 years. d. 7 years.
B
46. A ____ is established with the overarching purpose of accomplishing a specified goal. a. T:group b. task group c. psychoeducational group d. psychotherapy group
B
53. Which of the following is NOT a true statement about the shadow archetype in Jungian analytic psychology? a. The shadow represents the parts of the self that people do not want to recognize or accept. b. The shadow contains only negative aspects of people's personalities. c. The shadow may be projected onto others if it is not brought into awareness. d. All of the above.
B
55. If an individual's mean score after multiple test administrations is 84 and the SEM is 5, what can be said about the distribution of his observed scores? a. 95% of the time his observed scores will fall between 89 and 79. b. 68% of the time his observed scores will fall between 89 and 79. c. 68% of the time his observed scores will fall between 91 and 7 4. d. There is not enough information provided to make a determination.
B
56. If scores are piled up at the low end of the scale, the distribution is said to be a. negatively skewed. b. positively skewed. c. leptokurtic. d. platykurtic.
B
58. A student has trouble answering questions on her midterm exam because of information she just learned for the final exam. This student is experiencing a. poor retrieval. b. retroactive inhibition. c. decay of memory traces. d. proactive inhibition.
B
59. Super's establishment stage involves a. the process of moving from a tentative career plan to a more specific occupational choice. b. moving into a position with added increase in pay and status. c. contributing to the progress of developments. d. the clarification of different types of careers that are of interest to an individual.
B
6. When a member forms an unhealthy attachment in group work, this most likely means that the member a. has become involved in an abusive relationship with another member. b. feels dependent on the relationship formed in group. c. has developed a romantic attachment to another group member. d. All of the above.
B
66. According to ____ dreams have hidden symbolism. t. Perls b. Freud c. Jung d. All of the above.
B
67. ____ should be used to protect a group from a member's harmful behavior. a. Interpreting b. Blocking c. Confronting d. Providing feedback
B
68. An inventory that uses a Likert-type scale is likely to yield data. a. interval b. ordinal c. nominal d. ratio
B
89. The following is NOT a component that must be proved in a negligence or malpractice case. a. There was a legal duty owed to the plaintiff by the defendant. b. The plaintiff has or had a physical injury. c. The defendant breached the legal duty owed to the plaintiff. d. The defendant's breach of duty caused the plaintiff's injury.
B
11. The ____ controls higher order behavior and conscious thought. a. hindbrain b. midbrain c. forebrain d. limbic system
C
110. Most family models of counseling are based on a. psychodynamic theories. b. strategic counseling theory. c. general systems theory. d. humanistic-existential theories.
C
112. A counselor who receives a legal document asking her to provide information about a client to the court has most likely been given a a. court order. b. search warrant. c. subpoena. d. summons.
C
113. It is best for family systems to a. be open. b. be closed. c. strike a balance between being fully open and fully closed. d. None of the above.
C
115. Heightened awareness of and interest in multicultural issues in counseling emerged in the a. 1950s. b. 1960s. c. 1970s. d. 1980s.
C
12. Williamson's Minnesota point of view is considered a a. nondirective counseling approach. b. cognitive-behavioral counseling approach. c. directive counseling approach. d. psychodynamic counseling approach.
C
124. Which of the following is TRUE concerning information interviews? a. It is an employment interview. b. The goal of an informational interview is to obtain a job. c. The informational interview is a tool used to assist clients in exploring occupations. d. None of the above are true.
C
129. Eligibility for services under IDEA lasts from birth until age a. 16 years. b. 18 years. c. 21 years. d. 25 years.
C
132. The middle phase of career counseling is often referred to as the a. goal-setting stage: b. intervention stage. c. working stage. d. information-gathering stage.
C
133. After a long day at work, a wife comes home tired. Her husband notices her fatigue and cooks dinner for her. The next morning, the wife packs her husband a lunch, thankful for his kindness the previous night. Strategic family therapists refer to this reciprocal behavior as a. punctuation. b. the golden rule. c. quid pro quo. d. tit for tat.
C
144. If a counselor suspects that a minor client is being abused, she should make a report to child protective services within ____ hours of first having reason to suspect. B. 24 b. 48 c. 72 d. 96
C
145. ____ refers to the systematic process for identifying gaps between "what is" and "what should be." a. Program planning b. Program evaluation c. Needs assessment d. Program design
C
147. In group work, process evaluations measure a. group effectiveness. b. group outcomes. c. group dynamics. d. level of group conflict and resistance.
C
149. ____ is not a component of trustworthiness. a. Credibility b. Dependability c. Reliability d. Transferability
C
153. Making hypotheses is a central component of which type of family counseling? B. Structural family counseling b. Strategic family therapy c. Milan systemic family counseling d. Bowen family systems therapy
C
156. ____ is NOT one of the seven domains in Lazarus' multimodal counseling? a. Sensations b. Interpersonal relationships c. Connections d. Imagery
C
158. Counselors who work in ____ are also considered to be educators a. college admissions counseling b. college counseling c. school counseling d. family counseling
C
160. A counselor who works at a community agency notices an unethical practice that commonly occurs at her place of work. She informs her supervisor, but her supervisor fails to rectify the problem, so the counselor files a complaint with an ethics committee. When the supervisor finds out, she fires the counselor. In this situation, the supervisor behaved in a. an ethical manner; the counselor should not have accepted employment there if she did not agree with the practices. b. an ethical manner; the counselor betrayed the supervisor's trust and went above her authority. c. an unethical manner; the counselor should not have been fired for trying to resolve an ethical concern in an appropriate manner. d. a legal manner but not an ethical one.
C
19. An individual who enjoys acting would be demonstrating a manifest interest by a. stating out loud, "I enjoy acting." b. applying to a school that specialized in the performing arts. c. performing the lead role in a school play. d. talking to a career counselor about career options in theater.
C
34. Which of the following factors is NOT related to career salience? a. Participation: spending time and energy in a work role b. Commitment: an emotional attachment to the work role c. Interest: engaging in meaningful vocational activities d. Value expectation: the satisfaction gained from the vocational decisions and actions one makes throughout the course of one's lifespan
C
35. Licensure occurs at the a. national level. b. regional level. c. state level. d. county level.
C
36. The superego resides in a person's a. preconscious mind. b. conscious mind. c. unconscious mind. d. subconscious mind.
C
64. A records custodian is an individual appointed by a counselor to a. maintain and organize the counselor's records. b. inform the counselor about the legal requirements for record keeping. C. implement the counselor's plan regarding transfer of records and client care in the event of the counselor's death or impairment. d. All of the above.
C
74. Which career decision-making theory rests on the assumption that stress significantly contributes to the quality of the decision that is made-that is, high levels of stress can lead to a "defective" career decision? a. Janis and Mann's conflict model of decision making b. Gelatt's decision-making model c. Tiedeman and O'Hara's theory of career decision making d. Social learning theory
C
75. A counselor uses an assessment tool to evaluate a client whose cultural background is not represented in the test's norms. The counselor a. should not have used that assessment to evaluate the client. b. was justified in using the assessment if the client consented. c. should be careful when reporting the results to the client and be sure to frame the results in the proper perspective. d. should not report the results of the assessment to the client.
C
88. ____ research is most interested in baseline data. a. Quantitative b. Qualitative c. Single subject d. Longitudinal
C
9. The civil rights law that mandates equal access for individuals with disabilities to opportunities and services is called a. FERPA. b. HIPAA. c. Section 504 of the U.S. Rehabilitation Act. d. CAPTA.
C
90. Crises that arise due to unexpected situations, such as being fired, are considered to be a. developmental crises. b. existential crises. c. situational crises. d. environmental crises.
C
91. Most elementary school students are in the stage of psychosocial development. a. identity vs. role confusion b. initiative vs. guilt c. industry vs. inferiority d. autonomy vs. shame and doubt
C
97. The legal case that established the counselor's duty to warn/ protect in California was a. Poddar v. Regents of the University of California. b. Tarasoff v. Poddar c. Tarasoff v. Regents of the University of California. d. Regents of the University of California v. Tarasoff.
C
98. After experiencing considerable pressure from his family, a high school graduate decides to attend his father's alma mater and pursue the same field of study as his father did so that he can eventually become a partner in the family business. This student is displaying the status. a. identity diffusion b. identity moratorium c. identity foreclosure d. identity achievement
C
109. What is the key distinction between cluster and quota sampling methods? a. Use of individuals b. Statistical power c. Validity threats d. Randomization
D
111. Which of the following is NOT a fully accurate statement about family rules? a. Family rules help set expectations for family members. b. Family rules provide a basis for family interactions. c. Family rules provide families with predictability. d. Family rules are stated overtly.
D
114. Which source of occupational information is published by JIST Works and has over 900 occupations that are classified into 14 interest categories and 83 work groups? a. Standard Occupational Classification System (SOC) b. Occupational Outlook Handbook (OOH) c. Occupational Information Network (O*NET) d. Guide for Occupational Exploration (GOE)
D
117. The ____ is NOT a diagnostic aptitude test? a. Key Math Diagnostic Test b. Test of Adult Basic Education c. Wide Range Achievement Test d. Metropolitan Achievement Test
D
120. Whites who claim to be "color blind" would be best characterized by which of Helms' racial identity statuses? a. Disintegration b. Reintegration c. Autonomy d. Contact
D
134. Group cohesion is strengthened when a. group membership is stable. b. both group goals and personal goals are set. c. group members must work together to achieve established goals. d. All of the above.
D
135. Informal assessments are unlike formal assessments in that they a. provide a comparison to a broader group. b. are standardized tests. c. are used in high-stakes testing. d. are subjective assessment techniques used to identify the specific strengths and needs of a client.
D
137. HIPAA is a federal law that applies to a. insurance companies. b. HMOs. G. mental health professionals. d. All of the above.
D
139. Career placement services a. use career coaches, who devise strategies to help individuals overcome vocational barriers. b. integrate career-related information and activities into educational curricula. c. typically do not assist dislocated workers. d. focus on helping individuals obtain employment and are provided by public/private agencies and institutions of higher education.
D
14. A counselor may choose to run a group because a. it is more cost efficient than individual counseling. b. it is time efficient. c. it presents members with a microcosm of society. d. All of the above.
D
140. Which of the following is NOT an accurate statement about paradoxical intention? a. Paradoxical intention should be used with caution. b. Paradoxical intention can reduce client resistance. c. Paradoxical intention helps clients understand that they have control over their behavior. d. Paradoxical intention is appropriate for almost all client problems.
D
143. The minimum score for a data set is 5, whereas the maximum score is 25. The range would be a. 5. b. 25. c. 19. d. 21.
D
148. During an intake meeting, your client discloses that he swallowed several sleeping pills just before coming to your office with the intent to end his life. What would be this client's suicide lethality? a. Low lethality b. Moderate lethality c. Moderate-high lethality d. High lethality
D
15. Power tests a. use time to prevent perfect scores. b. are concerned with normal performance. c. assess how quickly the test-taker can understand the question and choose the right answer. d. prevent perfect scores by including difficult test items.
D
151. Two teenage children believe that some of the family rules that they must abide by are so unfair that they have joined together to give their parents a hard time. Structural family counselors refer to this relationship as a(n) a. alignment. b. power struggle. c. alliance. d. coalition.
D
152. Being part of an HMO can result in all of the following EXCEPT a. limitations in client confidentiality. b. a steady flow of clients. c. limitations in the amount of time allowed to treat clients. d. the ability to treat clients without ever making a diagnosis.
D
155. Clinical mental health counselors work in a. community organizations. b. drug rehabilitation centers. c. hospitals. d. All of the above.
D
159. An interaction between a boss who is operating from an adult ego state and an employee who is operating from a natural child ego state is an example of a(n) ____ transaction. a. complementary b. covert c. ulterior d. crossed
D
2. Viewing clients from one's own cultural background, which is believed to be superior to other cultures, and ignoring the client's personal cultural context is known as a. cultural identity. b. assimilation. c. introjection. d. cultural encapsulation.
D
20. A person who is friendly and empathetic would most likely score high on the ____ factor of the Five Factor Model. a. openness b. affability c. conscientiousness d. agreeableness
D
22. The ____ is NOT an example of a subjective test. a. Rorschach inkblot test b. sentence completion test c. Mental Status Exam d. Myers-Briggs Type Indicator
D
42. Spiritual bypass refers to a. a counselor not discussing spirituality with a client. b. a client not discussing spirituality with a counselor. c. an agency having an anti-discrimination policy that prohibits spirituality questions on the intake. d. avoiding problematic issues by using spirituality instead of facing problems.
D
43. When Thomas has a tantrum and throws toys around the house, his mother tells him that because of his behavior he will have to forfeit his outside play privileges for the day. What type of reinforcement is she using? a. Positive reinforcement b. Negative reinforcement c. Punishment, stimulus applied d. Punishment, stimulus removed
D
49. A counselor who decides to attend the graduation ceremony of one of his adult clients who, after many years of hard work, is finally graduating from college must ethically a. gain consent from the client to attend. b. document in writing his reason for attending. c. seek to repair any damages if they occur as a result of the nonprofessional interaction. d. All of the above.
D
61.. The preferred group leadership style is a. Authoritarian. b. democratic. c. laissez-faire. d. It depends on a variety of factors, such as the type of group and the stage of the group process.
D
70. ____ involves removing a child so that he or she is no longer able to receive positive reinforcement a. Overcorrection b. Extinction c. Response cost d. Time out
D
71. "My wedding reception would have been wonderful if the DJ hadn't been late." This example best represents what type of distorted thinking? a. Overgeneralization b. Dichotomous thinking c. Magnification d. Selective abstraction
D
76. Which of the following words, when found in a client statement, would most likely indicate an irrational thought or belief? a. Want b. Would like c. Wish d. Must
D
80. One of the five stages of prejudice is ____ , which indicates a person shares harmful views of a group with persons who have similar views but has not taken action. a. discrimination b. avoidance c. assimilation d. antilocution
D
81. Internet counselors should a. inform clients about how they can be reached should a session end due to a technological error. b. take steps to confirm the identity of their clients before sessions. c. provide clients with information about local counseling services. d. All of the above.
D
