NCIDQ - MODULE 3
This strange feeling of deja vu triggered by smell has a name
"odor-evoked autobiographical memory
Intimate distance — allows actual physical contact and generally exists from skin surface to a distance of approximately ...
1 1⁄2 feet
Personal distance — approximately ....
1 1⁄2 feet to 4 feet
Public distance — the space that extends beyond the ....
12-foot to limit of the social zone
A local gallery is designing a brochure stand (12″W x 30″H) in an open reception area. Which would be the maximum mounting height to suggest for the brochures? - 36" AFF to top - 48" AFF to center - 15" AFF to bottom - 54" to top
15" AFF to bottom 15″ AFF to bottom would be correct because 15″+30″ = 45″. None of the other options fall within the entire 15″ - 48″ reach range. Either the top or bottom would be too high/low.
Approximately ______ - ______ percent of people are neurodivergent.
15-20
It takes about ____ minutes to settle into a state of flow. But workplace interruptions occur, on average, every ____ minutes.
20; 7
Social distance ranges from ____to ____ feet and is the distance most impersonal business, work, and interaction occur between strangers or in formal situations.
4 to 12
Principles of Design
Balance Harmony and unity Rhythm Emphasis/focus Contrast and variety Proportion
__________ equipment must combine load limits, appropriate dimensions, and a design aesthetic that blends with the environment by which a patient's and caregiver's comfort and safety are ensured.
Bariatric
_______ design is a concept used to increase occupant connectivity to the natural environment
Biophilic
To accommodate the principles of Universal Design, what is the most obviously controllable aspect of a lighting design to address the sensory needs of the largest group of individuals? - Hue - Distribution - Brightness - Color
Brightness
____________ is the concept that electric light can be used to support human health by minimizing the effect of electric light on the human circadian rhythm
Circadian lighting Long-term exposure to certain wavelengths of blue light at a specific intensity can have a negative impact on melatonin production. Changing lighting color and intensity over the day mimics nature's diurnal changes
_____ is one of the most potent stimuli (after scent) to affect perceptions of spatial design
Color
Four processes transfer body heat and influence thermal comfort:
Convection Conduction Radiation
Understanding "disability" and "specials needs" is an important factor when designing interior spaces that accommodate individuals with one or both of these life challenges. What are the main differences between the two terms? - Disability is about your body's senses being wired differently; special needs is about your body being crippled. - Disabled addresses your learning difficulties; special needs addresses your physical abilities. - Disabled is about being learning challenged; special needs is about being incapacitated. - Disabled is about a "physical" issue; special needs is about an "educational" issue.
Disabled is about a "physical" issue; special needs is about an "educational" issue.
Which of the following design considerations LEAST affects the customer in a retail space? - Display adjustability - Display visibility - Interface with the display - Location of the sales counter.
Display adjustability.
_________ studies the relationships between the human body and the physical environment. It uses anthropometric data as the basis. It focuses more on the interaction between people and specific objects or tasks, such as a stovetop for cooking or office workstations
Ergonomics
The interior designer is utilizing a color palette to achieve a restful, natural, cheerful space that will help maintain a calm environment. Which colors are most likely to be a part of the palette? - blue, green & yellow - green, yellow & orange - blue, orange & yellow - monochromatic blues
blue, green & yellow Cooler colors tend to elicit calm and restful feelings in a space: Blue creates a calm and restful environment. Green brings a natural element . Yellow represents a cheerful attitude in the space.
Heat is drawn from the body by turning liquid into vapor.
Evaporation
Elements of Design
Form Scale Color Texture Pattern Light
What two groups of needs does Maslow's Hierarchy of needs further describe? - Growth and deficiency needs - Social and cultural needs - Territorial or personal needs - Personalization and customization needs
Growth and deficiency needs According to Maslow's theory, humans have various needs divided into two groups: deficiency and growth needs
Incorporating scent into a design must be carefully planned and coordinated with other design consultants—especially ...
HVAC and air-quality control (IAQ) engineers
fix for elderly who have limited mobility
Higher electrical outlets and lower electrical switches
fix for elderly who can't get in/out of the home without help
Install a permanent or temporary ramp
fix for elderly who have difficulty getting in/out of the shower
Install grab bars, tub-cut, and/or shower seat
fix for elderly who are oo weak to climb stairs
Install handrails on either side
in bariatric spaces, ________ the distance from the bed to the toilet, allowing for clearance for equipment and multiple caregivers. Include multiple or continuous handrails to reduce the risk of falling.
Minimize
_______ refers to the natural range of variation in human cognition. It's an umbrella term for people who aren't neurotypical. It includes autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), dyslexia, dyspraxia (a neurologically based physical disorder), Tourette syndrome, among others.
Neurodiversity
fix for elderly who have a fear of falling
Non-slip flooring, entrances without steps
fix for elderly who may need emergency help
Personal alert system
_________ is one means of expressing territoriality
Personalization The most common example is how people decorate their offices with personal items and photos of their families
_________ furniture arrangements are those that discourage interaction.
Sociofugal
_________ furniture arrangements are those that help social interaction.
Sociopetal
How is acoustic noise is different from sound?
Sound is what we hear. Noise is unwanted sound.
_________ is non-verbal communication in claiming ownership of a space.
Territoriality
... is when we maintain our body temperature within a consistent range.
Thermal comfort
T or F lighting needs to address the issue of glare
True Glare causes discomfort or loss of visual performance when the light in the visual field is more intense than what the eyes can adapt to. Having too much light in a space can also cause glare.
T or F Lighting research has suggested that bright lighting levels can also intensify emotions.
True Dimming the lights can result in more rational decisions.
______ texture may be illusory or real.
Visual Tactile texture is felt by touch
---- colors tend to advance while --- colors recede.
Warm; cool
fix for a doorway that is too narrow for wheelchair
Widen doorways or install swing-clear hinges
In regards to barrier free/universal design all of the following are true about ramps EXCEPT? - a 1:10 slope is permitted if the maximum rise does not exceed 6" (150 mm) - a ramp must have a minimum clear width of 42" (1060 mm) - ramps with rises greater than 6 in (150 mm) or lengths greater than 72 in (1830 mm) must have handrails mounted on both sides with the top of the handrail mounted at 34 in to 38 in (865 mm to 965 mm) above the ramp surface - landing lengths must be a minimum of 60" (1525 mm)
a ramp must have a minimum clear width of 42" (1060 mm) 405.5 Clear Width. The clear width of a ramp run and, where handrails are provided, the clear width between handrails shall be 36 inches (915 mm) minimum. 405.7.2 Width. The landing clear width shall be at least as wide as the widest ramp run leading to the landing.
To give a sofa a heavy appearance, the designer should use which of the following color combinations for the sofa and the surrounding walls? - a hue with a dark value for the sofa and a slightly lighter value for the walls - a sofa with a warm hue and dark value and a much lighter wall color - a sofa with a light, cool color and a wall color of similar value and hue - a light colored sofa of any hue and a dark value wall color
a sofa with a warm hue and dark value and a much lighter wall color In general, warm hues tend to advance and darker values tend to make objects look heavier, especially when the sofa is contrasted with a lighter background.
In a small lecture hall, it would be best to avoid: - a sound amplification system - carpet - a vaulted ceiling - parallel walls
a vaulted ceiling A vaulted ceiling would focus sound reflections into one concentrated area and produce annoying echoes or quiet spots in the hall.
The second goal of an interior space should be ______
aesthetic create a pleasant and visually appealing environment.
Which of the following is true about accessible plumbing: - all exposed hot water pipes and drains MUST be insulated or otherwise protect wheelchair users from burns on legs - exposed pipes should not protrude more than 8" (200 mm) from the wall - to avoid the possibility of leg burns, drains must be placed in the floor and not in the wall - all of these
all exposed hot water pipes and drains MUST be insulated or otherwise protect wheelchair users from burns on legs
Circadian lighting can improve ______ and reduce ______
attention; stress
If a designer wanted to emphasize a significant feature at both ends of a space, which plan arrangement would best achieve this goal? - grid - linear - clustered - axial
axial It is a line or plane created by two points around which forms and spaces are arranged in a regular or irregular manner and directs movement or views along its path. The spaces arranged on either side of the axis do not have to be symmetrical, however a symmetrical condition always has an axis.
Blues and greens tend to ....
calm and reassure
Planning an interior in a building with an atrium would suggest which of the following organizational concepts? - axial - radial - grid - central
central
Which element of design is one of the most powerful tools for the interior designer and is also one of the most complex to understand and apply? - proportion - texture - color - harmony
color color response is one of the most complex physical and psychological phenomenons to understand and use correctly.
If two people are seated at a rectangular table with one person at each end this indicates what type of relationship/interaction between the two people? - instructional - intimate - competitive - casual
competitive For more formal or competitive situations, people will sit across from one another. For intimate conversation, two people will sit across the corner of a table or next to each other on a sofa.
Heat transfer from direct contact with cooler surfaces, like holding a warm cup of tea in your cold hands.
conduction
"an approach to design decision-making that involves consideration of environmental, social, cultural, economic, ecological, and political conditions that may influence and be influence by the design solution."
contextually-appropriate design solutions
The surrounding air absorbs heat. Increasing airflow in a crowded auditorium helps dissipate an increase in ambient temperature.
convection
In what three ways does the body lose heat? - conduction, evaporation and radiation - convection, evaporation and radiation - ventilation, evaporation and radiation - immersion, ventilation, evaporation
convection, evaporation and radiation In a warm or humid environment, a designer can use air movement and ventilation to increase evaporation and keep occupants cooler through convection. Similarly, by minimizing drafts, you can keep people comfortable in a cool environment.
To help overcome certain sensory-related disorders including Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD), studies have revealed that the human body needs lighting that does which of the following? - has a true color rendering index of less than 50 CRI - responds to increased direct lighting levels for the aging eye - creates a lighting rhythm occurring in a roughly 24-hour cycle - yields high stimulation in terms of brightness contrast
creates a lighting rhythm occurring in a roughly 24-hour cycle Being exposed to natural light and following nature's rhythms reinforces and strengthens the entire body, especially the immune system. This is called the circadian rhythm — characterized by, or occurring in approximately 24 hour periods or cycles.
An interior designer would most likely use anthropometric information to - develop the best position for video feed displays in a security guard's office - determine the percentage of children who would sit comfortably on custom seating at a daycare facility - evaluate a new chair design that has just come on the market - design countertops for a public restroom
determine the percentage of children who would sit comfortably on custom seating at a daycare facility This would be most useful in comparing the height, depth, and other aspects of the benches with the percentages of children fitting those dimensions. The other options relate more to ergonomics, or the interaction of the human with the environment.
accommodates the weight of a patient in falling motion. it must always exceed the static load. This load rating is critical as unstable patients often reach out to grab or lean upon items like grab bars, furniture, or railings to stop falling.
dynamic load must be doubled the weight of the largest of the bariatric population
In regards to human comfort, which of the following would not be a consideration? - air quality - humidity - lighting - ergonomics
ergonomics Ergonomics is the study of the relation between human physiology and the physical environment. Human comfort is based on the quality of the following primary environmental factors: humidity air movement air temperature temperature radiation to and from surrounding surfaces air quality sound vibration light
A designer uses the principle of harmony in order to - provide interest by developing one or two elements as more important than the other parts of a composition - develop a visual consistency and equilibrium to the individual elements - establish an agreement of individual elements to each other and to the entire composition - achieve a variation of the component parts without causing an imbalance in the entire design
establish an agreement of individual elements to each other and to the entire composition Harmony is the unique blend of unity and variety. A unifying theme or common denominator should run through all component parts and blend them together. Harmony in an arrangement is the agreement of each part to each other and as a whole.
Light, neutral colors ---- the apparent space of a room while dark values make a space feel ----
extend; closed in.
T or F cool colors in restaurants and eating environments and as a calming influence in prisons.
false Cool colors aid sleeping, and healing colors aid in healthcare and hospital environments.
in bariatric spaces, ________ fixtures are preferred, and add oversized toilet seats with ample space for caregiver assistance or adaptive equipment, like lifts.
floor-mounted fixtures (rather than wall-mounted toilets and lavatories)
Which element of design is created with lines, planes, volumes, and to a lesser extent, points? - form - scale - volume - pattern
form
Dark and bright colors seem ..... than light and cool colors.
heavier
______ refers to seeking to meet basic human physiological needs before emotional needs, and then before self-actualization
hierarchy of human needs
_____________, or design solutions that result from understanding occupants' needs and behaviors that influence their performance, satisfaction, and well-being, among other personal and social outcomes.
human-centered strategies
Bright, warm colors tend to make an object, such as a piece of furniture, appear ...
larger.
Maslow's hierarchy is reflected in the evolution of the built environment. The first goal of interior design is to be ________.
livable
How would you best use color to widen a narrow room? - paint all four walls a light bright color and paint the ceiling a darker value of that color - paint the end walls with a bright warm color and paint the side walls a lighter, cooler color - paint all four walls a dark color and the ceiling a light bright contrasting neutral color - paint all four walls and the ceiling a light bright neutral color
paint the end walls with a bright warm color and paint the side walls a lighter, cooler color
when deciding for pediatrics, Designers can use _______ charts to plan for the widest range of children.
percentile growth Design for those at the extremes at either end of the range to accommodate the many.
The need for basic comfort is based in what behavioral human factor? - psychological - physiological - anthropological - sociological
physiological Physiological needs include those needs required for survival and basic comfort, such as food, clothing, and housing.
If you were designing a residence for a wealthy international client who recently moved to the US, which of the following would be a major consideration in the space planning and design solution? - the language barrier - ergonomics - proxemics - security
proxemics
Which is the study of how human beings relate to a space based on their cultural background? - proxemics - ergonomics - anthropometrics - culturalism
proxemics
Heat transferred to cooler objects without direct contact, like sitting near a fire or a sunny window on a cold day.
radiation
Environmental and ecological factors are reflected in the emphasis on sustainable design both as a process and the effect on the choice of materials, which would be influenced by______
regionalism.
Which principle of design would a designer use if their goal was for the user to visually move around or through an entire space? - harmony - rhythm - line - balance
rhythm rhythm, which assists the eye in moving easily about a design or room from one area to another, creating a flowing quality, continuity, and visual interest.
A client has asked a designer to create an intimate seating area for a hospital waiting room. Which of the following is likely to have the greatest impact on achieving a client's goal? - color - scale - texture - pattern
scale
Which element of design would best enable a designer to create either an intimate feeling or give the space monumental character? - scale - space - proportion - light
scale
_____ is at the base of the pyramid as a component of physiological need
shelter Shelter is repeated on the second level through the need for security and protection The third level addresses emotional needs, such as companionship. The fourth level addresses the need for self-esteem.
In terms of proxemics, which type of seating would be the most appropriate when strangers are sitting near one another? - moveable seating - bench style seating - adjustable seating to accommodate a variety of different sized people - single chairs
single chairs Seating with definable separation is preferred, and people will sit at the two ends of a sofa or bench, leaving the middle empty rather than sit close to each other and risk physical contact.
What spacing ranging from about 4 ft to 7 ft (750 mm to 2100 mm) is the distance at which most impersonal business, work, and other interaction takes place? - personal distance - intimate distance - social distance - public distance
social distance
One body of research found that _______ are more important than ________ for addressing the visual disorder.
spatial features (non-straight edges, asymmetry); color features (hue, saturation, value)
The maximum amount of non-moving weight a piece of equipment can bear. For example, it would be applied to furniture, handrails, grab bars, and toilets.
static load
yellow, orange and red ...
stimulate and uplift
If your goal is to create a relaxed and casual environment, which is not appropriate? - horizontal lines - symmetrical balance - curved lines - occult balance
symmetrical balance This type of balance is very stable and gives an impression of formality. While many traditional interior designs are based on this kind of balance and people desire symmetry in their environments, too much formal symmetry can result in dull, static arrangements.
Which of the following is not a color scheme? - tetrad - tertiary - triad - analogous
tertiary refers to colors made of a mixture of the three primaries; brown or chromatic neutrals. Tertiary colors are chromatic neutrals. They cannot be identified as hues, but neither are they a mix of black and white.
While its power to help affect our mood and perceptions is only just now being realized in interior design, what sense-based design issue has been utilized by the retail industry for some time to affect buyer's habits? - the role of material texture to help define wayfinding - the use of full-spectrum lighting to enhance materials - the use of color to increase a sense of product quality - the role of olfactory scent to increase overall sales
the role of olfactory scent to increase overall sales
________ focuses on the size, proportion, and range of body motions. Findings are grouped by sex, age, and percentile ratios
Anthropometrics important in designing a range of consumer products, including furniture, equipment, and in developing codes and standards for the design of spaces.
fix for elderly who have difficulty turning doorknobs and faucet handles
Replace with lever handles
______ can be achieved through use of repetition, transition, and gradation or progression.
Rhythm
________ and _________ tables tend to foster more involvement of all participants in a conversation
Round and square
________ ________ include how the principles and elements of design work with acoustics, lighting, visual stimuli, color theory, scent, and tactile qualities in the design solution.
Sensory considerations
accessible vs. universal design
Accessible design focuses on the needs of people with disabilities. Universal Design goes further in seeking best practices in design. It aspires to benefit every member of the population by promoting accessible and usable environments, products, and services.
When designing a home for a client who uses a wheelchair, what is the most important factor when considering windows in a living room? - Provide crank handles - Provide wired glass for safety - Provide a large bay window to provide a pleasing view - Provide jalousie windows to provide ventilation
Provide crank handles Providing crank handles will allow for any user to easily open and close the windows as needed. Bay and Jalousie windows do not provide added functionality and wired glass is not necessary is this space. When engaging in universal design, the most important purpose is to maintain functionality. Preferred features include: - View windows with 36" or less sill height - Crank-operated casement windows
what is one approach to addressing visual stimuli?
Providing different microenvironments to choose from
a behavioral component : _________ describes how people use a space based on circumstance, social, and cultural aspects
Proxemics Four different distances are identified in the theory of proxemics: Intimate distance Personal distance Social distance Public distance
Ergonomics is best described as? - the measurement of the size, proportions, and range of motion of the human body - the study of the relationship between human physiology and the physical environment - the interrelated observations and theories about how people use space as a specialized elaboration of culture - the correctness of fit between objects and spaces and the needs of the people using those objects and spaces
the study of the relationship between human physiology and the physical environment Self-adjusting chairs support the body in an upright working position or adapt to a reclining position as the user leans back while the feet remain on the floor. These chairs reduce physical discomfort while contributing to user satisfaction and increased productivity. Other seating and desks can also be adjusted to accommodate different body dimensions or positions, such as to standing height. The needs of a mixed group of users will be quite different from those of a specific single user.
