NCLEX Diabetes Questions

A client with a diagnosis of Addisonian crisis is being admitted to the ICU. Which findings will the interprofessional healthcare team focus on? Select all that apply a. Hypertension b. leukocytosis c. hyperkalemia d. hypercalcemia e. hypernatremia

a. Hypertension c. hyperkalemia

The home health nurse visits a client with a diagnosis of type one DM. The client relates a history of vomiting and diarrhea and tells the nurse that no food has been consumed for the last 24 hours. Which additional statement by the client indicates a need for further teaching? a. I need to stop my insulin b. I need to increase my fluid intake c. I need to monitor my blood glucose every 3 to 4 hours d. I need to call the health care provider because of the symptoms

a. I need to stop my insulin

The nurse is teaching a client with hyperparathyroidism how to manage the condition at home. Which response by the client indicates the need for additional teaching? a. I should limit my fluids to one liter per day b. I should use my treadmill to go for walks daily c. I should follow a moderate calcium, high fiber diet d. My alendronate helps to keep calcium from coming out of my bones

a. I should limit my fluids to one liter per day

The nurse is admitting a client who is diagnosed with syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion SIADH and had serum sodium of 118. Which health care provider prescriptions should the nurse anticipate receiving? Select all that apply a. Initiate an infusion of 3% NaCl b. administer IV furosemide c. restrict fluids to 800 mL over 24 hours d. elevate the head of the bed to high Fowler's e. administer a vasopressin antagonist as prescribed

a. Initiate an infusion of 3% NaCl c. restrict fluids to 800 mL over 24 hours e. administer a vasopressin antagonist as prescribed

The nurse is monitoring a client newly diagnosed with diabetes mellitus for signs of complications. Which sign or symptom, if exhibited in the client, indicates that the client is at risk for chronic complications of diabetes if the blood glucose is not adequately managed? a. Polyurea b. Diaphoresis c. pedal edema d. decreased respiratory rate

a. Polyurea

The nurse is completing an assessment on a client who is admitted for a diagnostic workshop for primary hyperparathyroidism. Which client complaint would be characteristic of this disorder? Select all that apply a. Polyurea b. headache c. bone pain d. nervousness e. weight gain

a. Polyurea c. bone pain

The nurse is monitoring a client who was diagnosed with type 1 DM and is being treated with NPH and regular insulin. Which manifestations would alert the nurse to the presence of a possible hypoglycemic reaction? select all that apply a. Tremors b. anorexia c. irritability d. nervousness e. hot, dry skin f. muscle cramps

a. Tremors c. irritability d. nervousness

A client has been diagnosed with hyperthyroidism. The nurse monitors for which signs and symptoms indicating a complication of this disorder? Select all that apply a. fever b. nausea c. lethargy d. tremors e. confusion f. bradycardia

a. fever b. nausea d. tremors e. confusion

A client with a diagnosis of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is being treated in the ED. Which findings support this diagnosis? SELECT ALL THAT APPLY a. Increase in pH b. Comatose state c. Deep, rapid breathing d. Decreased urine output e. Elevated blood glucose level

b. Comatose state c. Deep, rapid breathing e. Elevated blood glucose level

The nurse is monitoring a client diagnosed with acromegaly who was treated with transsphenoidal hypophysectomy and is recovering in the ICU. Which findings should alert the nurse to the presence of a possible postoperative complication? Select all that apply a. anxiety b. Leukocytosis c. Chvostek's sign d. urinary output of 800 mL/hour e. clear drainage on nasal dripper pad

b. Leukocytosis d. urinary output of 800 mL/hour e. clear drainage on nasal dripper pad

A nurse teaches a client with DM about differentiating between hypoglycemia and ketoacidosis. The client demonstrates an understanding of the teaching by stating that a form of glucose should be taken if which symptom(s) develop? SELECT ALL THAT APPLY a. Polyuria b. Shakiness c. Palpitations d. Blurred vision e. Lightheadedness f. Fruity breath odor

b. Shakiness c. Palpitations e. Lightheadedness

a client with type 1 DM calls the nurse to report recurrent episodes of hypoglycemia with exercising. Which statement by the client indicates an adequate understanding of the peak action of NPH insulin and exercise? a. I should not exercise since I am taking insulin b. The best time for me to exercise is after breakfast c. the best time for me to exercise is mid to late afternoon d. NPH is a basil insulin, so I should exercise in the evening

b. The best time for me to exercise is after breakfast

A client with diabetes mellitus demonstrates acute anxiety when admitted to the hospital for the treatment of hyperglycemia. What is the appropriate intervention to decrease the client's anxiety? a. administer a sedative b. convey empathy, trust, and respect toward the client c. ignore the signs and symptoms of anxiety, anticipating that they will soon disappear d. make sure the client is familiar with the correct medical terms to understand what is happening

b. convey empathy, trust, and respect toward the client

The nurse is preparing a plan of care for a client with DM who has hyperglycemia. The nurse places priority on which client problem? a. Lack of knowledge b. inadequate fluid volume c. compromised family coping d. inadequate consumption of nutrients

b. inadequate fluid volume

A client is admitted to an ED and a diagnosis of myxedema coma is made. Which action should the nurse prepare to carry out initially? a. Warm the client b. maintain a patent airway c. administer thyroid hormone d. administer fluid replacement

b. maintain a patent airway

the nurse is caring for a client after hypophysectomy and notes clear nasal drainage from the client's nostrils. The nurse should take which initial action? a. Lower the head of the bed b. test drainage for glucose c. obtain a culture of the drainage d. continue to observe the drainage

b. test drainage for glucose

A client is admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of diabetic ketoacidosis DKA. The initial blood glucose level is 950. A continuous IV infusion of short-acting insulin is initiated, along with IV rehydration with NS. The serum glucose level is now decreased to 240. The nurse would next prepared to administer which medication? a. One an ampoule of 50% dextrose. b. NPH Insulin subcutaneously. c. IV fluids containing dextrose. d. Phenytoin for the prevention of seizures.

c. IV fluids containing dextrose

A client is brought into the ED in an unresponsive state, and a diagnosis of hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome is made. The nurse would immediately prepare to initiate which anticipated health care provider's prescription? a. Endotracheal intubation b. 100 units of NPH insulin c. IV infusion of normal saline d. IV infusion of sodium bicarbonate

c. IV infusion of normal saline

The nurse is performing an assessment on a client with pheochromocytoma. Which assessment data would indicate a potential complication associated with this disorder? a. A urinary output of 50 mL/hour b. the coagulation time of 5 minutes c. a heart rate that is 90 bpm and irregular d. A BUN level 20.

c. a heart rate that is 90 bpm and irregular

The nurse is preparing a client with a new diagnosis of hypothyroidism for discharge. The nurse determines that the client understands discharge instructions if the client states that which signs and symptoms are associated with this diagnosis? Select all that apply a. tremors b. weight loss c. feeling cold d. lots of body hair e. persistent lethargy f. puffiness of the face

c. feeling cold d. lots of body hair e. persistent lethargy f. puffiness of the face

A client has just been admitted to the nursing unit following a thyroidectomy. Which assessment is the priority for this client? a. hypoglycemia b. level of hoarseness c. respiratory distress d. edema at the surgical site

c. respiratory distress

The nurse performs a physical assessment on a client with type 2 DM. Findings include a fasting what glucose level of 120, Temperature of 101 , pulse 102 , respirations 22, blood pressure 140/72. which finding would be the priority concern to the nurse? a. Pulse b. respiration c. temperature d. blood pressure

c. temperature

The nurse provides instructions to a client newly diagnosed with type 1 DM. The nurse recognizes accurate understanding of measures to prevent diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) when the client makes which statement? a. I will stop taking my insulin if I'm too sick to eat b. I will decrease my insulin dose during times of illness c. I will adjust my insulin dose according to the level of glucose in my urine. d. I will notify my health care provider if my blood glucose level is higher than 250.

d. I will notify my health care provider if my blood glucose level is higher than 250.

An external insulin pump is prescribed for a client with diabetes mellitus. When the client asks the nurse about the functioning of the pump, the nurse bases the response on which information about the pump? a. It is timed to release programmed doses of either short-duration or NPH insulin into the bloodstream at specific intervals b. It continuously infuses small amounts of NPH insulin into the bloodstream while regularly monitoring blood glucose levels c. It is surgically attached to the pancreas and infuses regular insulin into the pancreas. This releases the insulin into the bloodstream d. It administers a small continuous dose of short-duration insulin subcutaneously. The client can self-administer an additional bolus dose from the pump before each meal.

d. It administers a small continuous dose of short-duration insulin subcutaneously. The client can self-administer an additional bolus dose from the pump before each meal.

The nurse is caring for a client admitted to the Ed with diabetic ketoacidosis DKA. In the acute phase, the nurse plans for which priority intervention? a. Correct the acidosis b. administer 5% dextrose IV c. apply a monitor for an electrocardiogram d. administer short duration insulin IV

d. administer short duration insulin IV