NCLEX

A client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is admitted to the hospital with a tentative diagnosis of pleuritis. When caring for this client, what should the nurse do?

Assess for signs of pneumonia

Which exogenous conditions are responsible for increased cortisol secretion? Select all that apply.

Asthma, Chemo, organ transplant Asthma, cancer chemotherapy, and organ transplantation are the exogenous conditions responsible for increased cortisol secretion. This is because when adrenocorticotropic hormone or glucocorticoids are administered for the treatment of these conditions, it promotes cortisol secretion in the client, thus causing Cushing's syndrome. Adrenal adenomas and carcinomas of the lung are endogenous conditions in which the endogenous secretions increase the cortisol levels in the client, thereby also causing Cushing's syndrome.

Naloxone

Given when respirations are decreased(opioid overdose), assess respirations

A client is in the intensive care unit. The nurse observing the telemetry monitor identifies flattening T waves and peaked P waves. What problem should the nurse consider based on these ECG changes?

Hypokalemia Flattened or inverted T waves, peaked P waves, depressed ST segments, and elevated U waves are associated with hypokalemia. Prolongation of the QT interval may indicate hypocalcemia. Hyponatremia is not reflected in the heart's electrical conduction. Although flattening of T waves may occur with hypomagnesemia, the ST segment may be shortened, and the PR and QRS intervals may be prolonged.

Which condition can cause a client's partial pressure of end-tidal carbon dioxide (PETCO2) to be 50 mmHg?

Hypoventilation- Normal PETCO2 ranges from 20 to 40mmHg. Therefore a value of 50 mmHg is considered high and may be the result of hypoventilation. Tracheal extubation, pulmonary embolism, and total airway obstruction are all possible causes of decreased PETCO2 values.

Which nursing action is important when suctioning the secretions of a client with a tracheostomy?

Initiate suction as the catheter is being withdrawn

Which laboratory value may indicate hyperfunction of the adrenal gland in a client?

Low Potassium The normal level of potassium is 3.5 to 5.0 mEq/L. The laboratory value of the potassium in the client is 2.9 mEq/L, which is below the normal level. Therefore, it may indicate the presence of adrenal gland hyperfunction in the client. The normal value of sodium is 136 to 145 mEq/L, bicarbonate is 23 to 30 mEq/L, and total calcium is 9 to 10.5 mg/dL. Thus, the laboratory values of sodium (143 mEq/L), bicarbonate (25 mEq/L), and total calcium (10 mg/dL) lie in the normal range, which does not indicate hyperfunction of the adrenal gland in the client.

A client is admitted to the hospital for a surgical resection of the lower left lobe of the lung. After surgery the client has a chest tube to a closed chest drainage system. What should the nurse do to determine if the chest tube is patent?

Observe for fluctuations of the fluid in the water seal chamber

What should the nurse expect when assessing a client with pleural effusion?

Reduced or absent breath sounds at the base of the lung

The nurse is caring for a client who had a thyroidectomy. Which symptoms will the client exhibit if having a thyrotoxic crisis?

An increase and pulse and temperature ***because of an increase in metabolic rate

cystitis

An infection in any part of the urinary system, the kidneys, bladder, or urethra.

What to do when preparing someone for CT scan

Ask about shellfish allergy( iodine)

Which hormone synthesis does the nurse state is inhibited by hypokalemia?

Aldosterone *****Hypokalemia inhibits synthesis of aldosterone hormone. Somatostatin inhibits the synthesis of insulin. Norepinephrine also inhibits the synthesis of insulin. Androstenedione secretion may not be inhibited by hypokalemia.

thrombophlebitis

A condition in which a blood clot in a vein causes inflammation and pain.

Which side effect should the nurse monitor for when administering androgen therapy?

Baldness, acne, gynecomastia

Pulmonary Embolism

Blood clot in pulmonary artery

Atelectasis

Complete or partial collapse of a lung or a section (lobe) of a lung.

Acinus

a region of the lung supplied with air from one of the terminal bronchioles.

Pleural Effusion

buildup of fluid between the tissues that line the lungs and the chest

Hemoptysis

coughing up of blood

Histoplasmosis

infection caused by breathing in spores of a fungus often found in bird and bat droppings.

pleuritis

inflammation of the tissues that line the lungs and chest cavity.