NCSU PSY 311 exam 3

most people who were given any reason allowed him to go next

A man asks a woman waiting in line to use the Xerox machine if he can go before her. He either gives no explanation, says he is in a hurry, or says he needs to make some copies. Langer (1978) did a study like this and found that

True

Acceptance involves sincere inward conformity - we truly believe in what we are doing.

physical attractiveness & youth; ambition & earning potential

According to Buss's study of mating preferences in 37 cultures, males tend to prefer in females, whereas females prefer in males.

False

According to drive theory, both easy and difficult tasks become easier in the presence of others.

survival and reproduction

According to evolutionary psychology, the two goals of human behavior are:

primacy effect; first

According to the text, if two candidates are giving a speech, back-to-back, on why they should be elected, because of the , the candidate who presents ___ should be most persuasive.

weak

According to the text, personality predicts behavior when social influences are

outsiders perceive the members as a "them"

All of the following are key elements of a group EXCEPT:

It highlights how problems our ancestors faced have little effect on how we think or behave today

All of the following statements about natural selection are accurate EXCEPT

normative social influence; informational social influence

Asch's line segment study primarily examined ________ whereas Sherif's point of light studies primarily examined ______.

Asch's participants could clearly see the correct judgment and were therefore, conforming to normative social influence

Asch's studies of conformity differ in important ways from those of Sherif because

factual; coercive

By the definitions in the book, education is more _____, whereas propaganda is more _____.

different mate selection preferences for males and females; how features that helped our ancestors pass on their genes affect our behavior today

Examining behavior through the lens of evolutionary psychology provides insights into

False

Gender identity is the way you outwardly express your gender to others by the way you dress, talk, and act.

talk more intimately

Girls tend to _______ compared to boys.

strengthens

Group polarization occurs when group discussion _________ group members' initial inclinations.

False

If an individual has a prior commitment to an opposing behavior or belief, conformity is likely to be higher.

False

If the victim is closer in proximity, rather than farther away, obedience will be higher.

False

In the Milgram study, only 10% of participants delivered the highest shock.

even more convinced that physician-assisted suicide should be legalized

Individuals who believe that physician-assisted suicide should be legalized meet to discuss the issue. Research on group interaction suggests that after discussion, the individuals will be

strong, convincing arguments

Jason has been listening to a talk show concerning animal rights. This is an issue that he cares deeply about, and he is very knowledgeable about the topic. Jason is most likely persuaded by

reactance

Milly generally likes to go home to visit her family during vacation. However, after her father tells her she must be home during spring vacation, Milly decides to remain at college. We can probably best understand Milly's behavior in terms of

to learn and adapt

One of the most important similarities in humans is our capacity

prevent systematic processing of message content

One reason that distractions may increase the persuasiveness of messages is because distractions

central route processing

People who are motivated and able to think through an issue are best persuaded by

the audience believes the communicator is trying to persuade them

Perceived trustworthiness includes all of the following behaviors EXCEPT:

normative social influence

Peter hates to wear ties anywhere. Nevertheless, he wears one to his sister's wedding to avoid the disapproval of his family. This is an example of

cultures

The enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, and traditions shared by a large group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next are called

we are more susceptible to situational cues, whether positive or negative

Researchers like Diener (Halloween study) and the UGA researchers (nurse study) were interested in the effects of deindividuation. To sum up their findings, when in crowds

norms

Rules for expected and acceptable behavior that vary by culture are called

group polarization

Students who join extracurricular groups on campus tend to find their attitudes regarding the groups' purpose increase if they stay in the group. This is an example of

False

The United States has personal space and punctuality norms that are very similar to Latin American countries.

Arousal requires a high level of cognitive processing

The cockroach study by Zajonc demonstrated all of the results listed below EXCEPT which of the following?

evaluation apprehension hypothesis

The idea that a concern about being judged by others causes an increase in arousal that contributes to social facilitation is the

increase; sleeper effect

The impact of a message from a non-credible source may _______, a phenomenon known as the _________________

True

The peripheral route typically uses rule of thumb heuristics to persuade.

situational pressures can overwhelm personality

The results of Milgram's obedience study suggest that

False

The similarity of the communicator to the audience is always more important than the credibility of the communicator.

low; high

When individual efforts are pooled and not evaluated, evaluation apprehension is ______ and the probability of social loafing is _________.

deindividuation

When people experience both a loss of self-awareness and there is no evaluation apprehension, they are in a state of

it depends on the audience

Which is more influential—reason or emotion? Persuasion research has revealed that

A and B

Which of the following best describes our current understanding of gender?

Having role models who dissent

Which of the following is a condition that makes us less likely to conform?

central

Which route to persuasion is most likely to create long-lasting attitudes and behavioral changes?

Sherif's study

Which study used the autokinetic phenomenon?

the peripheral route

While listening half-heartedly to a commercial, Ken hears a physician suggest that aspirin taken daily promotes good health. Ken accepts this idea solely because this physician has been correct before. In this example, Ken is using

True

Women tend to smile more than men.

Scheduling plenty of time between this meeting and the decision deadline for more discussion

You are in charge of organizing a summer planning meeting for your student organization's year-long goals and objectives. Which of the following characteristics would help reduce groupthink?

asking for one grade for the whole group

You want to ensure that every member of your group contributes and no one slacks off. According to research on social loafing, you should do all of the following EXCEPT

drive theory; facilitate dominant responses

Zajonc resolved the debate between social facilitation and social inhibition by introducing his _______. He thought that increased arousal would _______.