NCSU PSY 311 exam 3
most people who were given any reason allowed him to go next
A man asks a woman waiting in line to use the Xerox machine if he can go before her. He either gives no explanation, says he is in a hurry, or says he needs to make some copies. Langer (1978) did a study like this and found that
True
Acceptance involves sincere inward conformity - we truly believe in what we are doing.
physical attractiveness & youth; ambition & earning potential
According to Buss's study of mating preferences in 37 cultures, males tend to prefer in females, whereas females prefer in males.
False
According to drive theory, both easy and difficult tasks become easier in the presence of others.
survival and reproduction
According to evolutionary psychology, the two goals of human behavior are:
primacy effect; first
According to the text, if two candidates are giving a speech, back-to-back, on why they should be elected, because of the , the candidate who presents ___ should be most persuasive.
weak
According to the text, personality predicts behavior when social influences are
outsiders perceive the members as a "them"
All of the following are key elements of a group EXCEPT:
It highlights how problems our ancestors faced have little effect on how we think or behave today
All of the following statements about natural selection are accurate EXCEPT
normative social influence; informational social influence
Asch's line segment study primarily examined ________ whereas Sherif's point of light studies primarily examined ______.
Asch's participants could clearly see the correct judgment and were therefore, conforming to normative social influence
Asch's studies of conformity differ in important ways from those of Sherif because
factual; coercive
By the definitions in the book, education is more _____, whereas propaganda is more _____.
different mate selection preferences for males and females; how features that helped our ancestors pass on their genes affect our behavior today
Examining behavior through the lens of evolutionary psychology provides insights into
False
Gender identity is the way you outwardly express your gender to others by the way you dress, talk, and act.
talk more intimately
Girls tend to _______ compared to boys.
strengthens
Group polarization occurs when group discussion _________ group members' initial inclinations.
False
If an individual has a prior commitment to an opposing behavior or belief, conformity is likely to be higher.
False
If the victim is closer in proximity, rather than farther away, obedience will be higher.
False
In the Milgram study, only 10% of participants delivered the highest shock.
even more convinced that physician-assisted suicide should be legalized
Individuals who believe that physician-assisted suicide should be legalized meet to discuss the issue. Research on group interaction suggests that after discussion, the individuals will be
strong, convincing arguments
Jason has been listening to a talk show concerning animal rights. This is an issue that he cares deeply about, and he is very knowledgeable about the topic. Jason is most likely persuaded by
reactance
Milly generally likes to go home to visit her family during vacation. However, after her father tells her she must be home during spring vacation, Milly decides to remain at college. We can probably best understand Milly's behavior in terms of
to learn and adapt
One of the most important similarities in humans is our capacity
prevent systematic processing of message content
One reason that distractions may increase the persuasiveness of messages is because distractions
central route processing
People who are motivated and able to think through an issue are best persuaded by
the audience believes the communicator is trying to persuade them
Perceived trustworthiness includes all of the following behaviors EXCEPT:
normative social influence
Peter hates to wear ties anywhere. Nevertheless, he wears one to his sister's wedding to avoid the disapproval of his family. This is an example of
cultures
The enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, and traditions shared by a large group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next are called
we are more susceptible to situational cues, whether positive or negative
Researchers like Diener (Halloween study) and the UGA researchers (nurse study) were interested in the effects of deindividuation. To sum up their findings, when in crowds
norms
Rules for expected and acceptable behavior that vary by culture are called
group polarization
Students who join extracurricular groups on campus tend to find their attitudes regarding the groups' purpose increase if they stay in the group. This is an example of
False
The United States has personal space and punctuality norms that are very similar to Latin American countries.
Arousal requires a high level of cognitive processing
The cockroach study by Zajonc demonstrated all of the results listed below EXCEPT which of the following?
evaluation apprehension hypothesis
The idea that a concern about being judged by others causes an increase in arousal that contributes to social facilitation is the
increase; sleeper effect
The impact of a message from a non-credible source may _______, a phenomenon known as the _________________
True
The peripheral route typically uses rule of thumb heuristics to persuade.
situational pressures can overwhelm personality
The results of Milgram's obedience study suggest that
False
The similarity of the communicator to the audience is always more important than the credibility of the communicator.
low; high
When individual efforts are pooled and not evaluated, evaluation apprehension is ______ and the probability of social loafing is _________.
deindividuation
When people experience both a loss of self-awareness and there is no evaluation apprehension, they are in a state of
it depends on the audience
Which is more influential—reason or emotion? Persuasion research has revealed that
A and B
Which of the following best describes our current understanding of gender?
Having role models who dissent
Which of the following is a condition that makes us less likely to conform?
central
Which route to persuasion is most likely to create long-lasting attitudes and behavioral changes?
Sherif's study
Which study used the autokinetic phenomenon?
the peripheral route
While listening half-heartedly to a commercial, Ken hears a physician suggest that aspirin taken daily promotes good health. Ken accepts this idea solely because this physician has been correct before. In this example, Ken is using
True
Women tend to smile more than men.
Scheduling plenty of time between this meeting and the decision deadline for more discussion
You are in charge of organizing a summer planning meeting for your student organization's year-long goals and objectives. Which of the following characteristics would help reduce groupthink?
asking for one grade for the whole group
You want to ensure that every member of your group contributes and no one slacks off. According to research on social loafing, you should do all of the following EXCEPT
drive theory; facilitate dominant responses
Zajonc resolved the debate between social facilitation and social inhibition by introducing his _______. He thought that increased arousal would _______.